Tripuhyite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.
About Tripuhyite
Formula:
Fe3+Sb5+O4
Colour:
Yellowish brown, lemon-yellow, brown-black
Lustre:
Waxy, Dull, Earthy
Hardness:
6 - 7
Specific Gravity:
5.82
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Member of:
Name:
Named after its discovery locality, the Tripuhy Mine, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Type Locality:
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
4024
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4024:8
IMA Classification of Tripuhyite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA status notes:
Redefined by the IMA
First published:
1897
Approval history:
Redefined IMA02-A: Berlepsch et al. (2003).
Classification of Tripuhyite
4.DB.05
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
B : With medium-sized cations; chains of edge-sharing octahedra
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
B : With medium-sized cations; chains of edge-sharing octahedra
44.2.1.3
44 : ANTIMONATES
2 : AX2O6
44 : ANTIMONATES
2 : AX2O6
24.4.3
24 : Antimonates and Antimonites
4 : Antimonates and antimonites of Mn and Fe
24 : Antimonates and Antimonites
4 : Antimonates and antimonites of Mn and Fe
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Tpy | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Tripuhyite
Waxy, Dull, Earthy
Transparency:
Translucent, Opaque
Colour:
Yellowish brown, lemon-yellow, brown-black
Streak:
Canary-yellow to dark brown with a greenish tinge.
Hardness:
6 - 7 on Mohs scale
Density:
5.82 g/cm3 (Measured) 6.70 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Tripuhyite
Type:
Uniaxial (+)
RI values:
nω = 2.19(1) nε = 2.33(1)
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.140
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Comments:
Biaxial (+), anomalous. α = 2.19(1) β = 2.20(1) γ = 2.33(1) 2V(meas.) = Small.
Chemistry of Tripuhyite
Mindat Formula:
Fe3+Sb5+O4
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Tripuhyite
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Class (H-M):
4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) - Ditetragonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:
P42/mnm
Setting:
P42/mnm
Cell Parameters:
a = 4.625(4) Å, c = 3.059(5) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 0.661
Unit Cell V:
65.43 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
1
Morphology:
Fibrous; very fine-grained aggregates; globular.
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Show
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Display Options
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
View
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
Rotation
Stop | Start
Stop | Start
Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0014565 | Tripuhyite | Berlepsch P, Armbruster T, Brugger J, Criddle A J, Graeser S (2003) Tripuhyte, FeSbO4, revisited Mineralogical Magazine 67 31-46 |  | 2003 | Tripuhy, Minas Gerais, Brazil | 0 | 293 |
| 0014566 | Tripuhyite | Berlepsch P, Armbruster T, Brugger J, Criddle A J, Graeser S (2003) Tripuhyte, FeSbO4, revisited Mineralogical Magazine 67 31-46 | | 2003 | Falotta, Grisons, Switzerland | 0 | 293 |
| 0014926 | Tripuhyite | Basso R, Cabella R, Lucchetti G, Marescotti P, Martinelli A (2003) Structural studies on synthetic and natural Fe-Sb-oxides of MO2 type This is the preferred structural model Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte 2003 407-420 | 2003 | Djebel Nador, Algeria | 0 | 293 | |
| 0014927 | Tripuhyite | Basso R, Cabella R, Lucchetti G, Marescotti P, Martinelli A (2003) Structural studies on synthetic and natural Fe-Sb-oxides of MO2 type Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte 2003 407-420 | 2003 | Djebel Nador, Algeria | 0 | 293 | |
| 0014928 | Tripuhyite | Basso R, Cabella R, Lucchetti G, Marescotti P, Martinelli A (2003) Structural studies on synthetic and natural Fe-Sb-oxides of MO2 type Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte 2003 407-420 | 2003 | Djebel Nador, Algeria | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.28 Å | (10) |
| 2.56 Å | (9) |
| 2.32 Å | (4) |
| 1.72 Å | (9) |
| 1.64 Å | (5) |
| 1.52 Å | (3) |
| 1.47 Å | (4) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 45a : [Sulfates, arsenates, selenates, antimonates] | |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47d : [Arsenates, antimonates, selenates, bismuthinates] |
Type Occurrence of Tripuhyite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Microcrystalline aggregates.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
The Natural History Museum, London, England (86044).
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Tripuhyite
Other Language Names for Tripuhyite
Dutch:Tripuhyiet
German:Tripuhyit
Squawcreekit
Squawcreekit
Russian:Трипугиит
Simplified Chinese:锑铁矿
Spanish:Squawcreekita
Tripuhyita
Tripuhyita
Varieties of Tripuhyite
Relationship of Tripuhyite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Rutile Group:
| Argutite | GeO2 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm |
| Cassiterite | SnO2 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm |
| Paratellurite | TeO2 | Tet. 4 2 2 |
| Plattnerite | PbO2 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm |
| Pyrolusite | Mn4+O2 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm |
| Rutile | TiO2 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm |
| UM2000-35-O:FeNbScTaTi | (Sc,Fe2+,Fe3+,Mn)(Ti,Sn,Zr)1.5(Nb,Ta,W)1.33O8 |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 25 photos of Tripuhyite associated with Chert | |
| 21 photos of Tripuhyite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 12 photos of Tripuhyite associated with Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| 12 photos of Tripuhyite associated with Arseniosiderite | Ca2Fe3+3(AsO4)3O2 · 3H2O |
| 12 photos of Tripuhyite associated with Maxwellite | NaFe3+(AsO4)F |
| 11 photos of Tripuhyite associated with Valentinite | Sb2O3 |
| 7 photos of Tripuhyite associated with Parapierrotite | TlSb5S8 |
| 6 photos of Tripuhyite associated with Cabalzarite | CaMg2(AsO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 6 photos of Tripuhyite associated with Stibiconite | Sb3+Sb5+2O6(OH) |
| 6 photos of Tripuhyite associated with Senarmontite | Sb2O3 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 4.DB. | Nioboheftetjernite | ScNbO4 |
| 4.DB. | Nioboixiolite-(Mn2+) | (Nb0.67Mn2+0.33)O2 |
| 4.DB. | Shakhdaraite-(Y) | ScYNb2O8 |
| 4.DB.05 | Varlamoffite | Sn1-xFexO2-x(OH) |
| 4.DB.05 | Argutite | GeO2 |
| 4.DB.05 | Cassiterite | SnO2 |
| 4.DB.05 | Rutile | TiO2 |
| 4.DB.05 | Plattnerite | PbO2 |
| 4.DB.05 | Tugarinovite | MoO2 |
| 4.DB.05 | Pyrolusite | Mn4+O2 |
| 4.DB.10 | Byströmite | MgSb2O6 |
| 4.DB.10 | Ordoñezite | ZnSb2O6 |
| 4.DB.10 | Tredouxite | NiSb2O6 |
| 4.DB.10 | Tapiolite-(Mn) | Mn2+Ta2O6 |
| 4.DB.10 | Tapiolite-(Fe) | Fe2+Ta2O6 |
| 4.DB.15a | Paramontroseite | V4+O2 |
| 4.DB.15a | Ramsdellite | Mn4+O2 |
| 4.DB.15b | Akhtenskite | ε-Mn4+O2 |
| 4.DB.15c | Nsutite | (Mn4+,Mn2+)(O,OH)2 |
| 4.DB.20 | Scrutinyite | α-PbO2 |
| 4.DB.20 | Nioboixiolite-([]) | (Nb0.8◻0.2)4+O2 |
| 4.DB.25 | Ishikawaite | U4+Fe2+Nb2O8 |
| 4.DB.25 | Yttrocolumbite-(Y) | Y(U4+,Fe2+)Nb2O8 |
| 4.DB.25 | Calciosamarskite | (Ca,U4+)Fe3+(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O8 |
| 4.DB.25 | Samarskite-(Yb) | YbFe3+(Nb,Ta)2O8 |
| 4.DB.25 | Ixiolite-(Fe2+) | (Ta0.67Fe2+0.33)O2 |
| 4.DB.25 | Ixiolite-(Mn2+) | (Ta0.67Mn2+0.33)O2 |
| 4.DB.25 | Srilankite | ZrTi2O6 |
| 4.DB.25 | Samarskite-(Y) | YFe3+Nb2O8 |
| 4.DB.25 | Nioboixiolite-(Fe3+) | (Nb0.5Fe3+0.5)O2 |
| 4.DB.30 va | Wolframite Group | |
| 4.DB.30 | Rossovskyite | (Fe3+,Ta)(Nb,Ti)O4 |
| 4.DB.30 | Huanzalaite | MgWO4 |
| 4.DB.30 | Heftetjernite | ScTaO4 |
| 4.DB.30 | Hübnerite | MnWO4 |
| 4.DB.30 | Sanmartinite | (Zn,Fe)WO4 |
| 4.DB.30 | Ferberite | FeWO4 |
| 4.DB.30 | Krasnoselskite | CoWO4 |
| 4.DB.35 | Qitianlingite | (Fe,Mn)2(Nb,Ta)2WO10 |
| 4.DB.35 | Tantalaeschynite-(Ce) | Ce(TiTa)O6 |
| 4.DB.35 | Tantalite-(Mg) | (Mg,Fe2+)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| 4.DB.35 | Columbite-(Mn) | Mn2+Nb2O6 |
| 4.DB.35 | Tantalite-(Mn) | Mn2+Ta2O6 |
| 4.DB.35 | Columbite-(Fe) | Fe2+Nb2O6 |
| 4.DB.35 | Columbite-(Mg) | (Mg,Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)2O6 |
| 4.DB.35 | Tantalite-(Fe) | Fe2+Ta2O6 |
| 4.DB.40 | Ferrotitanowodginite | Fe2+TiTa2O8 |
| 4.DB.40 | Wolframowodginite | Mn(Mn,Sn,Fe,Ta)(W,Ta,Nb)2O8 |
| 4.DB.40 | Lithiotantite | LiTa3O8 |
| 4.DB.40 | Lithiowodginite | LiTa3O8 |
| 4.DB.40 | Titanowodginite | Mn2+TiTa2O8 |
| 4.DB.40 | Tantalowodginite | (Mn2+0.5◻0.5)TaTa2O8 |
| 4.DB.40 | Wodginite | Mn2+Sn4+Ta2O8 |
| 4.DB.40 | Ferrowodginite | Fe2+Sn4+Ta2O8 |
| 4.DB.45 | Tivanite | V3+TiO3(OH) |
| 4.DB.50 | Carmichaelite | (Ti,Cr,Fe)[O2-x(OH)x] |
| 4.DB.55 | Alumotantite | AlTaO4 |
| 4.DB.60 | Biehlite | ((Sb,As)O)2[MoO4] |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Tripuhyite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-4024.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
References for Tripuhyite
Reference List:
Hussak, E., Prior, G. T. (1897) On Tripuhyite, a New Antimonate of Iron, from Tripuhy, Brazil. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 11 (53) 302-303 doi:10.1180/minmag.1897.011.53.04
Larsen, Esper S. (1921) The microscopic determination of the nonopaque minerals. Bulletin 679. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/b679 p.145
Ahlfeld, Federico (1948) An unusual antimony deposit in Argentina. Economic Geology, 43 (7) 598-602 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.43.7.598(as Jujuyite)
Mason, Brian, Vitaliano, Charles J. (1953) The mineralogy of the antimony oxides and antimonates. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 30 (221). 100-112 doi:10.1180/minmag.1953.030.221.03
Berlepsch, P., Armbruster, T., Brugger, J., Criddle, A. J., Graeser, S. (2003) Tripuhyite, FeSbO4, revisited. Mineralogical Magazine, 67 (1) 31-46 doi:10.1180/0026461036710082(incl. discussion and discreditation of squawcreekite)
Lalinska-Volekova, B., Majzlan, J., Klimko, T., Chovan, M., Kucerova, G., Michnova, J., Hovoric, R., Gottlicher, J., Steininger, R. (2012) Mineralogy of weathering products of Fe-As-Sb mine wastes and soils at several Sb deposits in Slovakia. The Canadian Mineralogist, 50 (2). 481-500 doi:10.3749/canmin.50.2.481
Leverett, P., Reynolds, J. K., Roper, A. J., Williams, P. A. (2012) Tripuhyite and schafarzikite: two of the ultimate sinks for antimony in the natural environment. Mineralogical Magazine, 76 (4) 891-902 doi:10.1180/minmag.2012.076.4.06
Localities for Tripuhyite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Algeria | |
| Berlepsch et al. (2003) |
Australia | |
| Dr A.R. McKinnon |
| Leverett +4 other references | |
| Gilligan et al. (1995) |
| Chapman et al. (2005) +1 other reference | |
| Gilligan et al. (1992) |
| Diemar et al. (2009) |
| Gilligan et al. (1992) |
| I.M. Threadgold (1958) |
| Nickel et al. (1993) |
| Min. Record 24 (1993) | |
| Nickel et al. (1993) | |
| Min. Record 24 (1993) | |
| Nickel et al. (1993) | |
| Min. Record 24 (1993) | |
| Annual Report of the Western Australian ... |
| Nickel (1982) |
Austria | |
| Schneider (2010) |
Bolivia | |
| PXRD by Jaroslav Hyrsl +1 other reference |
Brazil | |
| |
| Hussak et al. (1897) +1 other reference |
| Brugger et al. (1997) | |
Canada | |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
China | |
| Guozhong Chen et al. (2013) |
| Bingxi Wang (1983) |
Czech Republic | |
| Brabec (2002) |
France | |
| Ducluzaux (2022) |
| Blondieau et al. (2024) |
| Lemanski (n.d.) |
Germany | |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1994) +1 other reference |
| Berlepsch et al. (2003) |
| Walenta (1996) |
| Lapis (10) |
| Gröbner et al. (2011) |
Greece | |
| |
| Gröbner (2001) | |
| Rieck et al. (1999) |
Hungary | |
| HOM Collection +1 other reference |
| MAMIT | |
India | |
| Cabella et al. (2003) |
Indonesia | |
| Idrus et al. (2017) |
Italy | |
| Bortolozzi et al. (2018) |
| Balestra et al. (2020) |
| Fernando Caboni et al. (2024) |
| Fernando Caboni et al. (2024) | |
| Brizzi et al. (1994) |
| C. Lemanski (6791CL) |
| Bazzoni C. et al. (2011) |
| Brizzi G. (1986) |
| European Jour. of Min.: 8:487-492 +1 other reference |
Japan | |
| Ito & Hori (1978) |
Kyrgyzstan | |
| Kolesar et al. (1993) |
Luxembourg | |
| Filella et al. (2009) |
New Zealand | |
| Collection of Rod Martin |
| Robinson (2018) |
| Robinson (2018) | |
| MacKenzie (2014) |
North Macedonia | |
| Djordjevic et al. (2021) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2018) |
Portugal | |
| Mateus et al. (2005) |
| Alves (n.d.) |
Russia | |
| Sidorov +6 other references |
| Tolstykh et al. (2017) +4 other references | |
| Sandalov et al. (2023) |
| Pekov et al. (2020) |
| Sergeev et al. (1997) +1 other reference |
| Kuzhuget et al. (2015) |
Slovakia | |
| Lalinská-Voleková B. et al. (in Slovak) |
| Majzlan J. et al. (2018) |
| Majzlan et al. (2011) |
| Lalinská-Voleková B. et al. (in Slovak) |
| Števko M. et al. (2017) |
| Lalinská-Voleková B. |
Spain | |
| Georges FAVREAU collection & EDX ... |
| Rewitzer et al. (2020) |
| Sainz de Baranda et al. (2007) |
| Echevarría Rodríguez Manuel et al. (2025) |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Brugger et al. (2002) |
| Schmutz et al. (1986) +1 other reference |
| Schmutz et al. (1986) | |
USA | |
| Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference |
| Jensen et al. (1995) |
| Jensen et al. (1995) |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Berlepsch et al. (2003) |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| [var: Squawcreekite] https://www.mindat.org/min-3735.html |
| Mineralogical Magazine +4 other references |
| 5th Annual New Mexico Mineral Symposium (1985) +1 other reference |
| Norman King +1 other reference |
Quick NavTopAbout TripuhyiteUnique IdentifiersIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography Crystal StructureX-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesVarietiesRelationshipsCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatOther InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Clara Mine, Oberwolfach, Ortenaukreis, Freiburg Region, Baden-Württemberg, Germany