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Roscoelite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About RoscoeliteHide

02271050017271926379292.jpg
Henry Enfield Roscoe
Formula:
KV3+2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Colour:
Brown, dark green to black
Lustre:
Pearly
Hardness:
Specific Gravity:
2.92 - 2.94
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
For Sir Henry Enfield Roscoe, FRS (7 January 1833 - 18 December 1915), an English chemist particularly noted for early work on vanadium and for photochemical studies.
Mica Group.
The V(III) analogue of muscovite with which it forms a solid-solution series.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
3449
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3449:0

IMA Classification of RoscoeliteHide

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
KV3+2(Si3Al)O10(OH)2
First published:
1876

Classification of RoscoeliteHide

9.EC.15

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
C : Phyllosilicates with mica sheets, composed of tetrahedral and octahedral nets
71.2.2a.4

71 : PHYLLOSILICATES Sheets of Six-Membered Rings
2 : Sheets of 6-membered rings with 2:1 layers
16.15.1

16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
15 : Aluminosilicates of V and Cr

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference
RclIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
RclThe Canadian Mineralogist (2019)The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Physical Properties of RoscoeliteHide

Pearly
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Brown, dark green to black
Streak:
Gray
Hardness:
2½ on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Perfect
on {001}
Density:
2.92 - 2.94 g/cm3 (Measured)    2.89 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of RoscoeliteHide

Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.59 - 1.610 nβ = 1.63 - 1.685 nγ = 1.64 - 1.704
2V:
Measured: 24.5° to 39.5°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.050 - 0.094
Based on recorded range of RI values above.

Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.

Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
r < v weak
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
X = green-brown; Y = Z = olive-green.

Chemistry of RoscoeliteHide

Mindat Formula:
KV3+2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Element Weights:
Element% weight
O43.026 %
V22.832 %
Si18.882 %
K8.762 %
Al6.047 %
H0.452 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.
Common Impurities:
Fe,Ca,Na,H2O

Crystallography of RoscoeliteHide

Polytype:
Formula:
Crystal System:
Class (H-M)
Space Group:
Space Group Setting:
Cell Parameters:
Ratio:
Unit Cell Volume (calc):
Z:
Roscoelite-1MRoscoelite-2M1
KV3+2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2KV3+2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Monoclinic  
2/m - Prismatic 
B2/m  
C2/m  
a = 5.292(1) Å, b = 9.131(2) Å, c = 10.206 Å
β = 100.98(2)°

a:b:c = 0.58 : 1 : 1.118 
V 484.14 ų
(Calculated from Unit Cell)
 
  

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
10.0 Å(100)
4.54 Å(80)
3.35 Å(80)
2.60 Å(80)
1.52 Å(60)
3.66 Å(50)
3.11 Å(50)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event<2.4
47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals]
47e : [Vanadates, chromates, manganates]
Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere<0.6
50 : Coal and/or oil shale minerals<0.36
Geological Setting:
Low temperature epithermal Au-Ag-Te deposits and oxidized portions of sedimentary U-V deposits.

Type Occurrence of RoscoeliteHide

General Appearance of Type Material:
Radiating and foliated talc-like masses.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Muséum Nationale d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, number 132.198 (type).
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Filling cavities in a schistose porphyry.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Synonyms of RoscoeliteHide

Other Language Names for RoscoeliteHide

Simplified Chinese:钒云母
Traditional Chinese:釩雲母

Relationship of Roscoelite to other SpeciesHide

Other Members of Dioctahedral mica:
BoromuscoviteKAl2(BSi3O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m
Celadonite SubgroupA subgroup of the dioctahedral mica group.
ChromphylliteKCr2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
GlauconiteK0.60-0.85(Fe3+,Mg,Al)2(Si,Al)4O10](OH)2
MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
NanpingiteCsAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH,F)2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
Natro-glauconite(Na,K)(Fe3+,Al,Mg)2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2
ParagoniteNaAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2Mon.
Tobelite(NH4)Al2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
4 photos of Roscoelite associated with NolaniteV3+8Fe3+2O14(OH)2
4 photos of Roscoelite associated with BarianditeAl0.6(V5+,V4+)8O20 · 9H2O
3 photos of Roscoelite associated with HewettiteCaV6O16 · 9H2O
3 photos of Roscoelite associated with NatalyiteNaV3+Si2O6
3 photos of Roscoelite associated with VésigniéiteBaCu3(VO4)2(OH)2
3 photos of Roscoelite associated with ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
2 photos of Roscoelite associated with Bokite(Al,Fe)1.3(V5+,V4+,Fe3+)8O20 · 7.5H2O
2 photos of Roscoelite associated with BaryteBaSO4
2 photos of Roscoelite associated with Tennantite-(Zn)Cu6(Cu4Zn2)As4S12S
2 photos of Roscoelite associated with GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

9.EC.MeifuiteKFe6(Si7Al)O19(OH)4Cl2Tric. 1 : P1
9.EC.BalestraiteKLi2V5+Si4O12Mon. 2 : B2
9.EC.05TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2Tric. 1 : P1
9.EC.05MinnesotaiteFe2+3Si4O10(OH)2Tric. 1 : P1
9.EC.05WillemseiteNi3Si4O10(OH)2Mon.
9.EC.9.EC.VoloshiniteRb(LiAl1.50.5)(Al0.5Si3.5)O10F2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EC.10FluorluanshiweiiteKLiAl1.5(Si3.5Al0.5)O10F2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.10GarmiteCsLiMg2(Si4O10)F2Mon.
9.EC.10GorbunoviteCsLi2(Ti,Fe)Si4O10(F,OH,O)2Mon.
9.EC.10FerripyrophylliteFe3+Si2O5(OH)Mon. 2/m
9.EC.10ManganiceladoniteK(MgMn3+◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2Mon.
9.EC.10LuanshiweiiteKLiAl1.5(Si3.5Al0.5)O10(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EC.10PyrophylliteAl2Si4O10(OH)2Tric. 1
9.EC.15ParagoniteNaAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2Mon.
9.EC.15FerroaluminoceladoniteK(Fe2+Al◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.15NanpingiteCsAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH,F)2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EC.15FerroceladoniteK(Fe2+Fe3+◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.15Ganterite(Ba,Na,K)(Al,Mg)2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EC.15KreiteriteCsLi2Fe3+(Si4O10)F2Mon.
9.EC.15AluminoceladoniteK(MgAl◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.15Tobelite(NH4)Al2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.15TainioliteKLiMg2(Si4O10)F2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.15CeladoniteK(MgFe3+◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.15ChromceladoniteK(MgCr◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2Mon. 2 : B2
9.EC.15MontdoriteKFe2+1.5Mn2+0.5Mg0.5Si4O10(F,OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.15ChromphylliteKCr2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EC.15BoromuscoviteKAl2(BSi3O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m
9.EC.15UM1988-22-SiO:AlCaFFeHKLiMgKLiMgAl2Si3O10F2Mon.
9.EC.15Chernykhite(Ba,Na)(V3+,Al,Mg)2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2Mon.
9.EC.15MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EC.20MasutomiliteK(LiAlMn2+)[AlSi3O10]F2Mon. 2 : B2
9.EC.20OxyphlogopiteK(Mg,Ti,Fe)3[(Si,Al)4O10](O,F)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20Chloroferrokinoshitalite(Ba,K)(Fe2+,Mg)3(Al2Si2O10)(Cl,OH,F)2
9.EC.20SiderophylliteKFe2+2Al(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2Mon.
9.EC.20SokolovaiteCsLi2Al(Si4O10)F2Mon.
9.EC.20HendricksiteKZn3(Si3Al)O10(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20TetraferriphlogopiteKMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH,F)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20FluoranniteKFe2+3(Si3Al)O10F2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20AspidoliteNaMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20Suhailite(NH4)Fe2+3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20EphesiteNaLiAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2Tric. 1 : P1
9.EC.20NorrishiteKLiMn3+2(Si4O10)O2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20YangzhumingiteKMg2.5(Si4O10)F2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20OrloviteKLi2Ti(Si4O10)OFMon. 2 : B2
9.EC.20TetraferrianniteKFe2+3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20ShirokshiniteK(NaMg2)(Si4O10)F2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20TrilithioniteK(Li1.5Al1.5)(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EC.20PolylithioniteKLi2Al(Si4O10)(F,OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EC.20ShirozuliteKMn2+3(Si3Al)O10(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20PreiswerkiteNaMg2Al(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EC.20FluorophlogopiteKMg3(Si3Al)O10F2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20Wonesite(Na,K)(Mg,Fe,Al)6((Al,Si)4O10)2(OH,F)4Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20UM2004-49-SiO:AlCsFHKLi(Cs,K)(Al,Li)2.6((Si,Al)4O10)(F,OH)2
9.EC.20FluorotetraferriphlogopiteKMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)F2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20AnniteKFe2+3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20EastoniteKMg2Al(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2Mon.
9.EC.22PimeliteNi3Si4O10(OH)2 · 4H2OHex.
9.EC.30MargariteCaAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EC.30Chlorophaeite(Ca,Mg,Fe)2Fe2Si4O13 · 10H2O
9.EC.35Kinoshitalite(Ba,K)(Mg,Mn2+,Al)3(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.35Ferrokinoshitalite(Ba,K)(Fe2+,Mg)3(Al2Si2O10)(OH,F)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.35ClintoniteCaAlMg2(SiAl3O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.35Oxykinoshitalite(Ba,K)(Mg,Ti,Fe3+,Fe2+)3((Si,Al)4O10)(O,OH,F)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.35FluorokinoshitaliteBaMg3(Al2Si2O10)F2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.35BityiteCaLiAl2(AlBeSi2O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EC.35Anandite(Ba,K)(Fe2+,Mg)3((Si,Al,Fe)4O10)(S,OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EC.40Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.40Beidellite(Na,Ca0.5)0.3Al2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.40VolkonskoiteCa0.3(Cr,Mg,Fe)2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2OMon.
9.EC.40NontroniteNa0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.40Kurumsakite(Zn,Ni,Cu)8Al8V5+2Si5O35 · 27H2O (?)Orth.
9.EC.40Yakhontovite(Ca,Na)0.5(Cu,Fe,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · 3H2OMon.
9.EC.45SwineforditeLi(Al,Li,Mg)3((Si,Al)4O10)2(OH,F)4 · nH2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.45HectoriteNa0.3(Mg,Li)3(Si4O10)(F,OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.45ZincsiliteZn3Si4O10(OH)2 · 4H2O (?)Mon.
9.EC.45HanjiangiteBa2CaV3+Al(H2AlSi3O12)(CO3)2FMon. 2 : B2
9.EC.45SpadaiteMgSiO2(OH)2 · H2O (?)
9.EC.45FerrosaponiteCa0.3(Fe2+,Mg,Fe3+)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2OMon.
9.EC.45Stevensite(Ca,Na)xMg3-x(Si4O10)(OH)2Mon.
9.EC.45SaponiteCa0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2OMon.
9.EC.45SauconiteNa0.3Zn3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2OMon.
9.EC.50VermiculiteMg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2OMon. 2/m
9.EC.52Tarasovitenear NaKAl11Si13O40(OH)9 · 3H2O
9.EC.55ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.55Borocookeite(LiAl4◻)[BSi3O10](OH)8Mon. m : Bb
9.EC.55FranklinfurnaceiteCa2Fe3+Mn2+3Mn3+(Zn2Si2O10)(OH)8Mon. 2 : B2
9.EC.55PennantiteMn2+5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8Tric.
9.EC.55VakhrushevaiteMg5Cr(AlSi3O10)(OH)8Tric. 1
9.EC.55Nimite(Ni,Mg,Al)6((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)8Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.55Cookeite(LiAl4◻)[AlSi3O10](OH)8Mon. 2/m
9.EC.55Gonyerite(Mn2+,Mg)5Fe3+(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH)8Orth.
9.EC.55Chamosite(Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.55Orthochamosite(Fe2+,Mg,Fe3+)5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH,O)8
9.EC.55Baileychlore(Zn,Fe2+,Al,Mg)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8Tric. 1
9.EC.55SudoiteMg2Al3(Si3Al)O10)(OH)8Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.55GlagoleviteNa(Mg,Al)6(AlSi3O10)(OH,O)8Tric. 1 : P1
9.EC.55DonbassiteAl4.33(Si3Al)O10(OH)8Mon. 2 : B2
9.EC.60DozyiteMg7Al2(Al2Si4O15)(OH)12Mon.
9.EC.60Rectorite(Na,Ca)Al4((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · 2H2OMon.
9.EC.60Corrensite(Mg,Fe)9((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)10 · nH2OOrth.
9.EC.60AliettiteCa0.2Mg6((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · 4H2OMon.
9.EC.60Karpinskite(Ni,Mg)2Si2O5(OH)2 (?)Mon.
9.EC.60LunijianlaiteLi0.7Al6.2(AlSi7O20)(OH,O)10Mon.
9.EC.60TosuditeNa0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2OMon. 2 : B2
9.EC.60HydrobiotiteK(Mg,Fe2+)6((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · nH2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.60Saliotite(Li,Na)Al3(AlSi3O10)(OH)5Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.60KulkeiteMg8Al(AlSi7O20)(OH)10Mon.
9.EC.60BrinrobertsiteNa0.3Al4(Si4O10)2(OH)4 · 3.5 H2OMon.
9.EC.65Macaulayite(Fe,Al)24Si4O43(OH)2Mon.
9.EC.70BurckhardtitePb2(Fe3+Te6+)[AlSi3O8]O6Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3 1m
9.EC.75Niksergievite(Ba,Ca)2Al3(AlSi3O10)(CO3)(OH)6 · nH2OMon.
9.EC.75Ferrisurite(Pb,Ca)2.4Fe3+2(Si4O10)(CO3)1.7(OH)3 · nH2OMon.
9.EC.75Surite(Pb,Ca)3(Al,Fe2+,Mg)2((Si,Al)4O10)(CO3)2(OH)2Mon. 2 : P21
9.EC.80KegelitePb8Al4(Si8O20)(SO4)2(CO3)4(OH)8Mon.

RadioactivityHide

Radioactivity:
Element % Content Activity (Bq/kg) Radiation Type
Uranium (U) 0.0000% 0 α, β, γ
Thorium (Th) 0.0000% 0 α, β, γ
Potassium (K) 8.7620% 2,716 β, γ

For comparison:

  • Banana: ~15 Bq per fruit
  • Granite: 1,000–3,000 Bq/kg
  • EU exemption limit: 10,000 Bq/kg

Note: Risk is shown relative to daily recommended maximum exposure to non-background radiation of 1000 µSv/year. Note that natural background radiation averages around 2400 µSv/year so in reality these risks are probably extremely overstated! With infrequent handling and safe storage natural radioactive minerals do not usually pose much risk.

Interactive Simulator:

Note: The mass selector refers to the mass of radioactive mineral present, not the full specimen, also be aware that the matrix may also be radioactive, possibly more radioactive than this mineral!

Activity:

DistanceDose rateRisk
1 cm
10 cm
1 m

The external dose rate (D) from a radioactive mineral is estimated by summing the gamma radiation contributions from its Uranium, Thorium, and Potassium content, disregarding daughter-product which may have a significant effect in some cases (eg 'pitchblende'). This involves multiplying the activity (A, in Bq) of each element by its specific gamma ray constant (Γ), which accounts for its unique gamma emissions. The total unshielded dose at 1 cm is then scaled by the square of the distance (r, in cm) and multiplied by a shielding factor (μshield). This calculation provides a 'worst-case' or 'maximum risk' estimate because it assumes the sample is a point source and entirely neglects any self-shielding where radiation is absorbed within the mineral itself, meaning actual doses will typically be lower. The resulting dose rate (D) is expressed in microsieverts per hour (μSv/h).

D = ((AU × ΓU) + (ATh × ΓTh) + (AK × ΓK)) / r2 × μshield

Other InformationHide

Thermal Behaviour:
Before the blowpipe, it fuses easily to a black glass, coloring the flame slightly pink.
Notes:
Only slightly affected by acids, even by boiling concentrated sulphuric acid. But readily decomposed by dilute sulphuric acid when heated in a sealed tube at a temperature of about 180°C.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for RoscoeliteHide

References for RoscoeliteHide

Reference List:

Localities for RoscoeliteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina
 
  • Neuquén Province
    • Añelo Department
      • Los Chihuidos
Rainoldi et al. (2024)
Australia
 
  • New South Wales
    • Yancowinna Co.
      • Broken Hill district
  • Northern Territory
    • Central Desert Region
Schmid +2 other references
  • South Australia
    • Pastoral Unincorporated Area
      • Radium Hill area
Mawson (1906) +1 other reference
  • Tasmania
    • West Coast municipality
Stillwell (1932) +1 other reference
  • Western Australia
Anthony et al. (2016)
      • Kalgoorlie-Boulder
- (1903)
Simpson (1948)
Simpson (1948)
Simpson (1948)
        • Mullingar
Gray et al. (1996)
Gray et al. (1996)
Butt (2003)
Butt (2003)
    • Wiluna Shire
      • Jundee Goldfield
Sumail et al. (2024)
Canada
 
  • British Columbia
    • Atlin Mining Division
      • Tagish Lake
King et al. (1993) +3 other references
  • New Brunswick
    • Westmorland Co.
      • Dorchester Parish
Lines et al. (1996)
  • Ontario
    • Thunder Bay District
      • Bomby Township
Pan et al. (1992)
Parnell et al. (2018)
China
 
  • Chongqing
Dai et al. (2017)
  • Guangdong
    • Meizhou
      • Mei Co.
Liu et al. (2023) +1 other reference
  • Guangxi
    • Nanning
      • Shanglin County
Wending Xiao (2007)
  • Hunan
    • Huaihua
      • Hongjiang Co. (Qianyang Co.)
Geng Ansong and Parnell (1994)
  • Shaanxi
    • Ankang
      • Hanbin District
Anthony et al. (1997)
    • Baoji
      • Taibai County
Jingwen Mao et al. (2002) +1 other reference
    • Hanzhong
      • Chenggu County
National Geological Archives of China ...
      • Zhenba County
National Geological Archives of China ...
    • Shangluo
      • Shangnan County
Saisai Li et al. (2013)
Hongzhou Zhu et al. (2010)
National Geological Archives of China ...
      • Shanyang County
Tao Ren et al. (2007)
Fu et al. (2025)
  • Shandong
    • Linyi
      • Pingyi County
        • Tongshi complex
Jiansheng Qiu et al. (1994)
  • Zhejiang
    • Hangzhou
      • Jiande City
Huijin Lu and Jian Wang (2005)
Czech Republic
 
  • Central Bohemian Region
    • Příbram District
      • Příbram
Ulmanová et al. (2024)
  • Hradec Králové Region
    • Trutnov District
      • Dolní Kalná
Johan et al. (1987)
  • Karlovy Vary Region
    • Karlovy Vary District
Lapis 2002 (7/8)
  • Liberec Region
    • Semily District
Petr Fuchs collection
  • Plzeň Region
    • Tachov District
      • Chodský Újezd
        • Dolní Jadruž
geologie.vsb.cz (n.d.)
Fiji
 
  • Viti Levu
    • Navilawa
16th Australian Geological Convention +3 other references
    • Vatukoula Gold Field (Tavua Gold Field)
      • Vatukoula
Naden +3 other references
Finland
 
  • North Karelia
    • Kontiolahti
Piirainen
France
 
  • Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
    • Savoie
      • Albertville
        • Les Belleville
- (1998)
Gabon
 
  • Haut-Ogooué Province
    • Léboumbi-Leyou Department
      • Mounana
Janeczek (1999) +1 other reference
Germany
 
  • Baden-Württemberg
    • Freiburg Region
      • Ortenaukreis
        • Oberwolfach
Kolitsch et al. (2005)
  • Lower Saxony
    • Göttingen District
      • Bad Lauterberg
Gröbner (2007) +1 other reference
Gröbner (2001)
      • Harz (Landkreis Göttingen)
Grundler et al. (1998) +1 other reference
Italy
 
  • Liguria
    • Genoa
      • Ne
Balestra (2016)
Corrado Balestra collection +1 other reference
        • Reppia
    • Savona Province
      • Magliolo
        • Isallo
Balestra C. (2003) +2 other references
  • Tuscany
    • Massa-Carrara Province
Orlandi et al. (2009)
        • Miseglia quarrying basin (Miseglia-Fantiscritti quarrying basin; Fantiscritti quarrying basin)
          • Fantiscritti
Orlandi (1999) +1 other reference
      • Massa
Orlandi et al. (2009)
Orlandi et al. (2000)
Japan
 
  • Aichi Prefecture
    • Inuyama
- (Go Ito, pers. com.)
  • Gifu Prefecture
    • Kakamigahara City (Kagamigahara City)
Matsubara et al. (1990)
  • Gunma Prefecture
    • Kiryu City
Am Min 66:638 +2 other references
  • Iwate Prefecture
    • Shimohei District
      • Tanohata
Matsubara et al. (2002)
  • Kagoshima Prefecture
    • Oshima District
      • Yamato village
Yoshimura & Momoi (1964) +1 other reference
Kazakhstan
 
  • Kyzylorda Region
    • Shieli District
Karpenko et al. (2011)
  • Turkistan Region
    • Sozak District
      • Budenovskoye Uranium ore field
Karpenko et al. (2011)
Kyrgyzstan
 
  • Batken Region
    • Kadamjay District
Karpenko et al. (2004)
Madagascar
 
  • Atsimo-Andrefana
Di Cecco et al. (2018)
  • Vatovavy
    • Mananjary District
      • Ambalahosy Nord
Hänni et al. (1982)
Papua New Guinea
 
  • Enga Province
    • Mount Hagen
      • Mount Kare Valley
Econ Geol (1993)
Richards et al. (1997) +1 other reference
Cameron (1998)
  • Milne Bay Province
    • D'Entrecasteaux Islands
      • Fergusson Island (Moratau)
Chapple et al. (1998)
Peru
 
  • Pasco
    • Pasco Province
      • Huayllay District
Bayliss et al. (1989) +1 other reference
Poland
 
  • Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Piestrzyński et al. (2012)
    • Polkowice County
      • Gmina Polkowice
        • Polkowice
Banaś et al. (2005)
Russia
 
  • Arkhangelsk Oblast
    • Novaya Zemlya District
Parnell et al. (2001)
  • Lake Baikal area
    • Slyudyanka
Bosi et al. (2014)
  • Murmansk Oblast
    • Pechengsky District
      • Pechenga Ni-Cu ore field
Kompanchenko et al. (2018) +1 other reference
  • Republic of Karelia
    • Medvezhyegorsky District
      • Zaonezhie peninsula
American Mineralogist +5 other references
  • Sakha
    • Aldan
Leontev et al. (2017) +1 other reference
Leontev et al. (2018)
Slovakia
 
  • Košice Region
    • Spišská Nová Ves District
      • Spišská Nová Ves
        • Novoveská Huta
Koděra (1986)
South Africa
 
  • Limpopo
    • Waterberg District Municipality
      • Modimolle-Mookgophong Local Municipality
        • Mookgophong
www.fc.up.pt/geo/ecrofi/377.PDF. +1 other reference
Spain
 
  • Catalonia
    • Lleida
      • Pallars Jussà
        • La Vall Fosca
          • La Torre de Cabdella
            • Castell-estaó
Castillo et al. (2009) +2 other references
Switzerland
 
  • Aargau
    • Laufenburg
      • Kaisten
Stalder et al. (1998)
    • Rheinfelden
Beda Hofmann (1986)
  • Valais
    • Saint-Maurice
      • Collonges
Meisser (2012)
    • Visp
      • Törbel
Stalder et al. (1998)
UK
 
  • England
    • Devon
      • East Devon
        • Budleigh Salterton
Brian Craik-Smith collection +3 other references
  • Northern Ireland
    • Co. Antrim
      • Larne
Parnell (1988)
  • Scotland
    • Aberdeenshire
van Panhuys-Sigler et al. (1996)
    • North Ayrshire
Spinks et al. (2014)
Parnell et al. (2016)
USA
 
  • Alabama
    • Chilton County
      • Verbena
- (2005)
    • Clay County
      • Ashland Mining District
Cook et al. (1982)
Cook et al. (1982)
Cook et al. (1982)
- (2005)
Cook et al. (1982)
Cook et al. (1982)
Cook et al. (1982)
Dean (1995)
    • Cleburne County
Cook et al. (1982)
    • Coosa County
Cook et al. (1982)
      • Coosa-Chilton
- (2005)
- (2005)
Cook et al. (1982)
      • Weogufta
Cook et al. (1982)
Cook et al. (1982)
Cook et al. (1982)
  • Arizona
    • Apache County
      • Cane Valley Mining District
        • Yazzie Mesa
          • Monument No. 2 channel
Galbraith (1959) +1 other reference
    • Cochise County
Graeme (1993)
Graeme (1993) +1 other reference
    • Coconino County
      • Prospect Canyon Mining District
Van Gosen et al. (2025)
    • Navajo County
      • Mineral Mining District
        • Mystery Valley
          • Monument No. 1 channel (Channel No. 36)
Witkind (1963) +1 other reference
Holland et al. (1958) +1 other reference
  • Arkansas
    • Garland County
      • Wilson Springs (Potash Sulfur Springs)
Rocks & Min.: 63:108. +1 other reference
  • California
    • El Dorado County
      • Mount Thompson (Thompson Peak)
Kimble (1907) +2 other references
      • West Belt
        • Coloma Mining District
          • Coloma
www.eldoradolibrary.org +7 other references
            • Sutter Mill Bar and River (Old Sutter Mill site)
Hanks (1881) +3 other references
          • Lotus
Hanks (1884) +3 other references
    • Kern County
Page et al. (1956) +2 other references
        • Miracle Hot Springs (Hobo Hot Springs)
Anonymous (1954) +3 other references
  • Colorado
    • Boulder County
      • Boulder County Tungsten Mining District
Eckel et al. (1997)
      • Caribou Mining District
ISBN-13: 978-1555913656 +1 other reference
Lovering et al. (1950) +1 other reference
Lovering et al. (1950)
      • Gold Hill Mining District
Eckel et al. (1997)
Lovering et al. (1950) +1 other reference
      • Jamestown Mining District
Eckel et al. (1997)
Lovering et al. (1950)
Anthony et al. (2016)
Lovering et al. (1950) +1 other reference
Lovering et al. (1950) +1 other reference
    • Dolores County
      • Hermosa Peak Area
- (2005)
- (2005)
      • Rico Mountains
        • Rico Mining District (Pioneer Mining District)
Eckel et al. (1997)
    • Eagle County
      • Brush Creek Mining District
Eckel et al. (1997)
Eckel et al. (1997)
    • Garfield County
Eckel et al. (1997)
USGS Prof Paper 320
USGS Prof Paper 320
    • Gunnison County
      • Maroon Peak Area
Eckel et al. (1997)
      • Vulcan Mining District (Cebolla Mining District; Domingo Mining District)
        • Vulcan
Eckel et al. (1997)
- (2005)
    • La Plata County
      • Durango Area
- (2005)
Eckel et al. (1997)
      • La Plata Mining District (California Mining District)
Eckhard D. Stuart collection (visual identification) +1 other reference
- (2005)
- (2005)
- (2005)
    • Mesa County
Eckel et al. (1997)
    • Montrose County
Bullock (1981)
Eckel et al. (1997)
Bullock (1981)
      • La Sal Mining District (Paradox Valley Mining District)
Eckel et al. (1997)
Eckel et al. (1997)
Eckel et al. (1997)
Bullock (1981)
Bullock (1981)
Bullock (1981)
Eckel et al. (1997)
Bullock (1981)
Bullock (1981)
      • Paradox Valley
Eckel et al. (1997)
Eckel et al. (1997)
Bullock (1981)
Bullock (1981)
Bullock (1981)
Bullock (1981)
Bullock (1981)
Bullock (1981)
Bullock (1981)
Bullock (1981)
    • Pitkin County
      • Maroon Peak Area
Eckel et al. (1997)
    • Rio Blanco County
Eckel et al. (1997)
    • San Miguel County
Eckel et al. (1997)
      • Gypsum Valley Mining District
- (2005)
      • Lower San Miguel Mining District
Eckel et al. (1997)
U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1072E +1 other reference
Eckel et al. (1997)
Eckel et al. (1997) +1 other reference
Min News (1987)
- (2005)
    • Teller County
      • Cripple Creek Mining District
Econ Geol (1985) +1 other reference
        • Anaconda
Lovering et al. (1950) +1 other reference
Anthony et al. (2016)
        • Eclipse Gulch
Carnein et al. (2005)
  • Idaho
    • Custer County
      • Washington Basin Mining District
Ream (2004)
  • Montana
    • Fergus County
Tucker (n.d.) +1 other reference
      • Warm Springs District (Gilt Edge District; Gold Hill District; Maiden District)
        • Cone Butte Sub-District
Econ Geol (1994)
Tucker (n.d.) +1 other reference
- (2005) +1 other reference
    • Madison County
      • Norwegian Mining District (Whitehall Mining District)
Gibson (2018)
  • Nevada
Castor et al. (2004)
  • New Mexico
    • Catron County
      • Mogollon Mountains
        • Mogollon Mining District
- (2005)
    • Cibola County
Northrop et al. (1996)
ex Robert E. Jenkins and David Shannon ...
Moench (1962)
Northrop et al. (1996)
    • Rio Arriba County
Bingler (1968) +1 other reference
    • San Juan County
Northrop et al. (1996)
    • San Miguel County
Northrop et al. (1996)
    • Sierra County
Northrop et al. (1996)
    • Taos County
      • Picuris District
Northrop et al. (1996)
  • North Carolina
    • Cleveland County
      • Kings Mountain
Hanahan (1985)
  • Oregon
    • Baker County
      • Bourne (Cracker City)
Gold and Silver in Oregon
Anthony et al. (2016)
Anthony et al. (2016)
    • Grant County
      • Greenhorn Mining District
- (2005)
Barton et al. (2018)
  • Utah
    • Emery County
Bullock (1981)
        • North Mesa Mine Group
SEM-EDS analyzed by Joy Desor
    • Garfield County
      • Henry Mountains
        • Woodruff Springs
- (2005)
- (2005)
      • South Henry Mountains Mining District
        • Little Rockies
- (2005)
- (2005)
        • Shootaring
- (2005)
- (2005)
    • Grand County
      • Gateway Mining District
Thorne (n.d.)
      • Thompsons Mining District
        • The Poison Strip
Bullock (1981)
Bullock (1981)
        • Yellow Cat Mesa
Kasatkin et al. (2015) +1 other reference
- (2005)
          • Parco Mines
Bullock (1981)
    • San Juan County
      • Abajo Mountains
        • Abajo Mining District
- (2005)
      • Blanding
Bull. Minéral.
      • Cane Springs
- (2005)
      • La Sal Creek Mining District
Bullock (1981)
Canadian Mineralogist (2001)
Bullock (1981)
Bullock (1981)
Bullock (1981)
Bullock (1981)
      • La Sal Mining District
Bullock (1981)
      • Lisbon Valley Mining District
Bullock (1981)
Bullock (1981)
Bullock (1981)
Bullock (1981)
Bullock (1981)
Huff et al. (1962)
- (2005)
- (2005)
- (2005)
- (2005)
- (2005)
- (2005)
- (2005)
- (2005)
- (2005)
- (2005)
        • Coal Bed Canyon Group
Bullock (1981)
- (2005)
- (2005)
        • Devil Canyon Group
Bullock (1981)
- (2005)
- (2005)
- (2005)
- (2005)
- (2005)
- (2005)
        • Horsehead Canyon Group
- (2005)
- (2005)
        • Long Canyon Group
- (2005)
Bullock (1981)
- (2005)
- (2005)
        • Middle Montezuma Canyon Group
USGS Bull 1190
Bullock (1981)
Bullock (1981) +1 other reference
Bullock (1981)
- (2005)
- (2005)
- (2005)
- (2005)
- (2005)
- (2005)
- (2005)
- (2005)
- (2005)
- (2005)
- (2005)
- (2005)
- (2005)
- (2005)
- (2005)
- (2005)
- (2005)
- (2005)
      • White Canyon Mining District
- (2005)
    • Washington County
Carl L. Ege (2005)
Zambia
 
  • North-Western Province
    • Solwezi District
MacIntyre (2019)
 
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Copyright © mindat.org and the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy 1993-2025, except where stated. Most political location boundaries are © OpenStreetMap contributors. Mindat.org relies on the contributions of thousands of members and supporters. Founded in 2000 by Jolyon Ralph.
To cite: Ralph, J., Von Bargen, D., Martynov, P., Zhang, J., Que, X., Prabhu, A., Morrison, S. M., Li, W., Chen, W., & Ma, X. (2025). Mindat.org: The open access mineralogy database to accelerate data-intensive geoscience research. American Mineralogist, 110(6), 833–844. doi:10.2138/am-2024-9486.
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