Tschermakite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Tschermakite
Gustav Tschermak von Seysenegg
Formula:
◻(Ca2)(Mg3Al2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
Colour:
Medium green to dark green to green-black to black, brown (rare).
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
5 - 6
Specific Gravity:
3.15
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named in honour of Gustav Tschermak von Sessenegg (19 April 1836, Littau, Moravia (now Czech Republic) - 4 May 1927, Vienna, Austria), Austrian mineralogist at the University of Vienna. He specialized in silicate minerals and meteorites. He established the journal Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen (Mineralogical and Petrological Reports). The mineral silvialite is named after his daughter.
Tschermakite is defined as a Tschermakite Group member with Mg>Fe2+ and Al>Fe3+ in the C position. Tschermakite has been redefined in the 2012 Amphibole nomenclature in that:
1) The formula is changed from ☐(Ca2)(Mg3AlFe3+)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 to ☐(Ca2)(Mg3Al2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2. Consequently all pre-2012 literature references to tschermakite should be checked to verify that Al>Fe3+ in the C position. If Fe3+>Al in the C position the material will be ferri-tschermakite.
2) The tschermakite group is in the 2012 nomenclature defined with C(Al+Fe3++2Ti)> 1.5 apfu, whereas the pre-2012 definition was defined with 5.5 < Si < 6.5 apfu. This redefinition does not change the formula, but many amphiboles qualifying as tschermakite pre-2012 will now be ferro-hornblende or ferro-ferrihornblende.
It should also be noted that pre-1978 tschermakite was defined with A+B(Na+K+Ca)<2.5. As tschermakite often contains less than 2 apfu Ca, older literature may describe amphiboles with A(Na+K)>0.5 as tschermakites. These are now considered pargasites.
NOTES:
- Amphiboles from Longido District, Arusha Region, Tanzania are still erroneously labeled tschermakite or alumino-tschermakite. The identification of these amphiboles as pargasite are well documented by Simonet, Cedric (2000) and others.
- The tschermakite end-member composition is unstable, and most analyzed samples are close to one or more of the tschermakite/hastingsite/pargasite/sadanagaite joins. Any tschermakite specimen should therefore be analysed with qualitative chemical analysis (EMPA minimum, ideally in combination with Mössbauer spectroscopy).
1) The formula is changed from ☐(Ca2)(Mg3AlFe3+)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 to ☐(Ca2)(Mg3Al2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2. Consequently all pre-2012 literature references to tschermakite should be checked to verify that Al>Fe3+ in the C position. If Fe3+>Al in the C position the material will be ferri-tschermakite.
2) The tschermakite group is in the 2012 nomenclature defined with C(Al+Fe3++2Ti)> 1.5 apfu, whereas the pre-2012 definition was defined with 5.5 < Si < 6.5 apfu. This redefinition does not change the formula, but many amphiboles qualifying as tschermakite pre-2012 will now be ferro-hornblende or ferro-ferrihornblende.
It should also be noted that pre-1978 tschermakite was defined with A+B(Na+K+Ca)<2.5. As tschermakite often contains less than 2 apfu Ca, older literature may describe amphiboles with A(Na+K)>0.5 as tschermakites. These are now considered pargasites.
NOTES:
- Amphiboles from Longido District, Arusha Region, Tanzania are still erroneously labeled tschermakite or alumino-tschermakite. The identification of these amphiboles as pargasite are well documented by Simonet, Cedric (2000) and others.
- The tschermakite end-member composition is unstable, and most analyzed samples are close to one or more of the tschermakite/hastingsite/pargasite/sadanagaite joins. Any tschermakite specimen should therefore be analysed with qualitative chemical analysis (EMPA minimum, ideally in combination with Mössbauer spectroscopy).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
4035
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4035:4
IMA Classification of Tschermakite
Approved
IMA status notes:
Renamed by the IMA
IMA Formula:
◻Ca2(Mg3Al2)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Approval history:
Renamed by IMA: 2012
Classification of Tschermakite
9.DE.10
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
E : Inosilicates with 2-periodic double chains, Si4O11; Clinoamphiboles
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
E : Inosilicates with 2-periodic double chains, Si4O11; Clinoamphiboles
16.11.4
16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
11 : Aluminosilicates of Ca and Mg with or without alkalis
16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
11 : Aluminosilicates of Ca and Mg with or without alkalis
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Tsr | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Ts | Kretz (1983) | Kretz, R. (1983) Symbols of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 68, 277–279. |
| Ts | Siivolam & Schmid (2007) | Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download |
| Ts | Whitney & Evans (2010) | Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371 |
| Ts | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Tschermakite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Medium green to dark green to green-black to black, brown (rare).
Streak:
Pale grey-green
Hardness:
5 - 6 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
on {110}
on {110}
Parting:
on {100}{001}
Density:
3.15 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.25 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Tschermakite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.623 - 1.660 nβ = 1.630 - 1.680 nγ = 1.638 - 1.688
2V:
Measured: 60° to 90°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.015 - 0.028
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
r > v strong
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
In browns and greens
Chemistry of Tschermakite
Mindat Formula:
◻(Ca2)(Mg3Al2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
Element Weights:
Common Impurities:
Ti,Mn,Na,K,H2O,Fe
Chemical Analysis
Oxide wt%:
| 1 | 2 | |
|---|---|---|
| P2O5 | 0.02 % | |
| SiO2 | 42.86 % | 40.43 % |
| TiO2 | 0.14 % | |
| Al2O3 | 17.79 % | 20.21 % |
| V2O3 | 0.01 % | |
| Cr2O3 | 0.14 % | |
| Mn2O3* | 0.14 % | |
| Fe2O3* | 8.83 % | |
| NiO | 0.03 % | |
| MgO | 14.05 % | 6.95 % |
| CaO | 10.99 % | 11.18 % |
| SrO | 0.02 % | |
| Na2O | 1.86 % | 1.94 % |
| K2O | 0.17 % | |
| H2O (by stoichiometry) | 2.08 % | |
| FeO | 16.59 % | |
| MnO | ||
| Total: | 99.13 % | 97.3 % |
Empirical formulas:
| Sample ID | Empirical Formula |
|---|---|
| 1 | (Na0.18K0.03◻0.79)(Ca1.67Na0.33)(Mg2.97Al1.04Fe3+0.94Mn3+0.02Cr0.02Ti0.02)[Si6.07Al1.93O22]([OH]1.97O0.03) |
| 2 | Na0.31 (Na0.24Ca1.76)Σ2.00 ( Mg1.52Fe2+1.50Fe3+0.54Al1.44)Σ5.01(Al2.06Si5.94)Σ8.00O22OH2 |
Sample references:
| ID | Locality | Reference | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Corundum locality, Anavoha South, Fotadrevo, Ampanihy District, Atsimo-Andrefana, Madagascar | corundum-bearing amphibolite (tschermakite+anorthite); amphibole normalized to 13eCNK; as a result of the normalization scheme, Fe and minor Mn calculated as Fe2O3 and Mn2O3 to satisfy charge balance. W-site O calculated as 2*normalized Ti. | |
| 2 | Kovalo eclogites, Kechros, Arriana, Rhodope, Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, Greece | EMPA analysis of an kelyphitic amphibole from a retrogressed eclogite. |
Crystallography of Tschermakite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
B2/m
Setting:
C2/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.762(6) Å, b = 17.994(12) Å, c = 5.325(6) Å
β = 105.10(8)°
β = 105.10(8)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.543 : 1 : 0.296
Unit Cell V:
903.08 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Prismatic crystals, reaction rims on other minerals.
Twinning:
single or multiple parallel to {100}
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0006297 | Tschermakite | Abdu Y A, Hawthorne F C (2009) Crystal structure and Mossbauer spectroscopy of tschermakite from the ruby locality at Fiskenaesset, Greenland The Canadian Mineralogist 47 917-926 |  | 2009 | Fiskenaesset, Greenland | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| - Å | () |
Comments:
No published X-ray powder diffraction data.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation and alteration | 4.566-4.550 |
| 6 : Secondary asteroid phases | 4.566-4.560 |
| Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust | >4.50 |
| 7 : Ultramafic igneous rocks | |
| 8 : Mafic igneous rocks | |
| Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics | <3.5-2.5 |
| 39 : High-? metamorphism (blueschist, eclogite, ultrahigh ? facies) | |
| 40 : Regional metamorphism (greenschist, amphibolite, granulite facies) |
Geological Setting:
Eclogites and other ultramafic rocks, amphibolites or other medium to high grade metamorphic rocks.
Synonyms of Tschermakite
Other Language Names for Tschermakite
Relationship of Tschermakite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Tschermakite Root Name Group:
| Ferri-tschermakite | ◻{Ca2}{Mg3Fe3+2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 | Mon. |
| Ferro-tschermakite | ◻{Ca2}{Fe2+3Al2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 4 photos of Tschermakite associated with Ruby | Al2O3 |
| 3 photos of Tschermakite associated with Zoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 2 photos of Tschermakite associated with Anorthite | Ca(Al2Si2O8) |
| 1 photo of Tschermakite associated with Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 1 photo of Tschermakite associated with Almandine-Pyrope Series | |
| 1 photo of Tschermakite associated with Corundum | Al2O3 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.DE. | Shojiite | Na(NaMg)Mg5Si8O22(OH)2 |
| 9.DE. | Clino-suenoite | ◻{Mn2+2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DE. | Mangani-eckermannite | NaNa2(Mg4Mn3+)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.05 | Permanganogrunerite | ◻{Mn2+2}{Mn2+5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.05 | Cummingtonite | ◻{Mg2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.05 | Ferri-fluoro-leakeite | {Na}{Na2}{Mg2Fe3+2Li}(Si8O22)F2 |
| 9.DE.05 | Grunerite | ◻{Fe2+2}{Fe2+5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.05 | Clino-holmquistite Root Name Group | ◻{Li2}{Z2+3Z3+2}(Si8O22)(OH,F,Cl)2 |
| 9.DE.10 | Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.10 | Fluoro-cannilloite | CaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si5Al3)O22F2 |
| 9.DE.10 | Joesmithite | Pb2+Ca2(Mg3Fe3+2)(Si6Be2)O22(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.10 | Clino-ferro-suenoite | ◻{Mn2+2}{Fe2+5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.10 | Fluoro-tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)F2 |
| 9.DE.10 | Parvo-manganotremolite | ◻{CaMn2+}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.10 | Magnesio-ferri-hornblende | ◻Ca2(Mg4Fe3+)[(Si7Al)O22](OH)2 |
| 9.DE.10 | Ferro-ferri-hornblende | ◻Ca2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.10 | Ferro-cannilloite | CaCa2(Fe2+4Al)(Si5Al3O22)OH2 |
| 9.DE.10 | Ferro-ferri-cannilloite | CaCa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si5Al3O22)OH2 |
| 9.DE.10 | Ferro-fluoro-actinolite | ◻{Ca2}{Fe5}(Si8O22)F2 |
| 9.DE.10 | Ferro-fluoro-hornblende | ◻Ca2(Fe2+4Al)(AlSi7O22)F2 |
| 9.DE.10 | Magnesio-ferri-fluoro-hornblende | ◻Ca2(Mg4Fe3+)(AlSi7O22)F2 |
| 9.DE.10 | Ferro-ferri-fluoro-hornblende | ◻Ca2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(AlSi7O22)F2 |
| 9.DE.10 | Ferri-fluoro-tschermakite | ◻{Ca2}{Mg3Fe3+2}(Al2Si6O22)F2 |
| 9.DE.10 | Ferro-ferri-fluoro-tschermakite | ◻{Ca2}{Fe2+3Fe3+2}(Al2Si6O22)F2 |
| 9.DE.10 | Ferro-fluoro-tschermakite | ◻{Ca2}{Fe2+3Al2}(Al2Si6O22)F2 |
| 9.DE.10 | Fluoro-tschermakite | ◻{Ca2}{Mg3Al2}(Al2Si6O22)F2 |
| 9.DE.10 | Magnesio-fluoro-hornblende | ◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(AlSi7O22)F2 |
| 9.DE.10 | Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.10 | Ferro-ferri-tschermakite | ◻{Ca2}{Fe2+3Fe3+2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.10 | Cannilloite | CaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si5Al3O22)OH2 |
| 9.DE.10 | Magnesio-hornblende | ◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.10 | Ferri-tschermakite | ◻{Ca2}{Mg3Fe3+2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.10 | Ferro-actinolite | ◻Ca2Fe2+5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.10 | Ferro-hornblende | ◻Ca2(Fe2+4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.10 | Ferro-tschermakite | ◻{Ca2}{Fe2+3Al2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.15 | Potassic-chloro-pargasite | KCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22Cl2 |
| 9.DE.15 | Ferro-fluoro-pargasite | (Na)(Ca2)(Fe2+4Al)(Al2Si6O22)F2 |
| 9.DE.15 | Potassic-ferro-chloro-edenite | KCa2Fe2+5(AlSi7O22)Cl2 |
| 9.DE.15 | Ferro-ferri-sadanagaite | {Na}{Ca2}{Fe2+3Fe3+2}(Al3Si5O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.15 | Hastingsite | NaCa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.15 | Fluoro-edenite | NaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22F2 |
| 9.DE.15 | Pargasite | NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.15 | Magnesio-fluoro-hastingsite | NaCa2(Mg4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22F2 |
| 9.DE.15 | Potassic-fluoro-hastingsite | KCa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22F2 |
| 9.DE.15 | Potassic-chloro-hastingsite | KCa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22Cl2 |
| 9.DE.15 | Unnamed (F-dominant analogue of Ferri-kaersutite) | (Na,K)Ca2[Mg3(Fe3+,Fe2+)Ti](Si6Al2O22)(F,O)2 |
| 9.DE.15 | Edenite | NaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.15 | Potassic-sadanagaite | {K}{Ca2}{Mg3Al2}(Al3Si5O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.15 | Ferri-kaersutite | NaCa2(Mg3Fe3+Ti)(Si6Al2O22)O2 |
| 9.DE.15 | Potassic-pargasite | KCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.15 | Potassic-ferro-sadanagaite | {K}{Ca2}{Fe2+3Al2}(Al3Si5O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.15 | Kaersutite | NaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2 |
| 9.DE.15 | Ferro-chloro-pargasite | NaCa2(Fe2+4Al)(Al2Si6O22)Cl2 |
| 9.DE.15 | Potassic-fluoro-pargasite | KCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22F2 |
| 9.DE.15 | Potassic-ferro-ferri-sadanagaite | {K}{Ca2}{Fe2+3Fe3+2}(Al3Si5O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.15 | Fluoro-pargasite | NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22F2 |
| 9.DE.15 | Parvo-mangano-edenite | {Na}{CaMn2+}{Mg5}(AlSi7O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.15 | Ferro-fluoro-edenite | NaCa2Fe2+5(AlSi7O22)F2 |
| 9.DE.15 | Mangani-pargasite | NaCa2(Mg4Mn3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.15 | Sadanagaite | {Na}{Ca2}{Mg3Al2}(Si5Al3O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.15 | Magnesio-hastingsite | NaCa2(Mg4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.15 | Ferri-sadanagaite | {Na}{Ca2}{Mg3Fe3+2}(Al3Si5O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.15 | Ferro-sadanagaite | {Na}{Ca2}{Fe3Al2}(Al3Si5O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.15 | Ferri-fluoro-sadanagaite | {Na}{Ca2}{Mg3Fe3+2}(Al3Si5O22)F2 |
| 9.DE.15 | Ferro-ferri-fluoro-sadanagaite | {Na}{Ca2}{Fe2+3Fe3+2}(Al3Si5O22)F2 |
| 9.DE.15 | Ferro-fluoro-sadanagaite | {Na}{Ca2}{Fe2+3Al2}(Al3Si5O22)F2 |
| 9.DE.15 | Fluoro-sadanagaite | {Na}{Ca2}{Mg3Al2}(Al3Si5O22)F2 |
| 9.DE.15 | Potassic-chloro-sadanagaite | {K}{Ca2}{Mg3Al2}(Al3Si5O22)Cl2 |
| 9.DE.15 | Potassic-ferro-chloro-sadanagaite | {K}{Ca2}{Fe2+3Al2}(Al3Si5O22)Cl2 |
| 9.DE.15 | Ferro-edenite | NaCa2Fe2+5(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.15 | Oxo-magnesio-hastingsite | NaCa2(Mg3(Fe3+2-x,Tix))5(Si6Al2O22)O2 |
| 9.DE.15 | Potassic-ferro-pargasite | KCa2(Fe2+4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.15 | Potassic-hastingsite | KCa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.15 | Fluoro-hastingsite | NaCa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Al2Si6O22)F2 |
| 9.DE.15 | Potassic-magnesio-hastingsite | KCa2(Mg4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.15 | Vanadio-pargasite | NaCa2(Mg3+4V)(Al2Si6)O22(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.15 | Ferro-kaersutite | NaCa2{Fe2+3AlTi}(Si6Al2O22)O2 |
| 9.DE.15 | Chromio-pargasite | NaCa2(Mg4Cr)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.15 | Ferro-pargasite | NaCa2(Fe2+4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.20 | Ghoseite | ◻[Mn2+Na][Mg4Al]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.20 | Potassic-ferro-taramite | K{CaNa}{Fe2+3Al2}{Si6Al2}O22(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.20 | Ferri-fluoro-katophorite | Na(CaNa)(Mg4Fe3+)(AlSi7O22)F2 |
| 9.DE.20 | Barroisite | ◻{CaNa}{Mg3Al2}(AlSi7O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.20 | Fluoro-richterite | {Na}{CaNa}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(F,OH)2 |
| 9.DE.20 | Potassic-ferro-ferri-taramite | K(CaNa)(Fe2+3Fe3+2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.20 | Potassic-ferri-katophorite | K(CaNa)(Mg4Fe3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.20 | Potassic-ferro-richterite | {K}{CaNa}{Fe2+5}Si8O22(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.20 | Potassic-fluoro-richterite | {K}{CaNa}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(F,OH)2 |
| 9.DE.20 | Potassic-richterite | {K}{CaNa}{Mg5}Si8O22(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.20 | Ferri-ghoseite | ◻[Mn2+Na][Mg4Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.20 | Fluoro-taramite | {Na}{CaNa}{Mg3Al2}(Al2Si6O22)F2 |
| 9.DE.20 | Ferro-ferri-fluoro-katophorite | Na(CaNa)(Fe2+4Fe3+)(AlSi7O22)F2 |
| 9.DE.20 | Richterite | Na(NaCa)Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.20 | Ferri-winchite | ◻(NaCa)(Mg4Fe3+)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.20 | Fluoro-katophorite | Na(CaNa)(Mg4Al)(AlSi7O22)F2 |
| 9.DE.20 | Hjalmarite | {Na}(NaMn}{Mg5}Si8O22(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.20 | Ferro-taramite | Na(CaNa)(Fe2+3Al2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.20 | Clinoferroholmquistite | ◻Li2[Fe2+3Al2]Si8O22(OH,F)2 |
| 9.DE.20 | Ferro-katophorite | {Na}{CaNa}{Fe2+4Al}[(AlSi7)O22](OH)2 |
| 9.DE.20 | Taramite | Na(CaNa)(Mg3Al2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.20 | Potassic-fluoro-katophorite | K(CaNa)(Mg4Al)(AlSi7O22)F2 |
| 9.DE.20 | Ferro-fluoro-katophorite | Na(CaNa)(Fe2+4Al)(AlSi7O22)F2 |
| 9.DE.20 | Ferri-katophorite | Na(CaNa)(Mg4Fe3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.20 | Ferro-ferri-barroisite | ◻(CaNa)(Fe2+3Fe3+2)(AlSi7O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.20 | Ferri-taramite | Na(CaNa)(Mg3Fe3+2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.20 | Potassic-ferro-ferri-katophorite | {K}{CaNa}{Fe2+4Fe3+}[(AlSi7)O22](OH)2 |
| 9.DE.20 | Ferro-ferri-winchite | ◻[CaNa][Fe2+4(Fe3+,Al)]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.20 | Winchite | ◻{CaNa}{Mg4Al}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.20 | Ferro-fluoro-richterite | {Na}{CaNa}{Fe2+5}(Si8O22)F2 |
| 9.DE.20 | Fluoro-winchite | ◻{CaNa}{Mg4Al}(Si8O22)F2 |
| 9.DE.20 | Ferro-fluoro-winchite | ◻{CaNa}{Fe2+4Al}(Si8O22)F2 |
| 9.DE.20 | Ferri-barroisite | ◻(CaNa)(Mg3Fe3+2)(AlSi7O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.20 | Ferro-ferri-taramite | Na(CaNa)(Fe2+3Fe3+2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.20 | Ferri-fluoro-barroisite | ◻{CaNa}{Mg3Fe3+2}(AlSi7O22)F2 |
| 9.DE.20 | Ferro-fluoro-barroisite | ◻{CaNa}{Fe2+3Al2}(AlSi7O22)F2 |
| 9.DE.20 | Ferro-ferri-fluoro-barroisite | ◻{CaNa}{Fe2+3Fe3+2}(AlSi7O22)F2 |
| 9.DE.20 | Fluoro-barroisite | ◻{CaNa}{Mg3Al2}(AlSi7O22)F2 |
| 9.DE.20 | Ferro-ferri-katophorite | Na(NaCa)(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.20 | Ferri-fluoro-taramite | Na(CaNa)(Mg3Fe3+2)(Al2Si6O22)F2 |
| 9.DE.20 | Ferro-ferri-fluoro-taramite | Na(CaNa)(Fe2+3Fe3+2)(Al2Si6O22)F2 |
| 9.DE.20 | Ferro-fluoro-taramite | Na(CaNa)(Fe2+3Al2)(Al2Si6O22)F2 |
| 9.DE.20 | Potassic-ferri-taramite | K(CaNa)(Mg3Fe3+2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.20 | Magnesiotaramite | {Na}{CaNa}{Mg3AlFe3+}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.20 | Ferro-barroisite | ◻{CaNa}{Fe2+3Al2}(AlSi7O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.20 | Scandio-winchite | ◻(NaCa)(Mg4Sc)(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.20 | Ferro-richterite | {Na}{CaNa}{Fe2+5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.20 | Katophorite | {Na}{CaNa}{Mg4Al}[(AlSi7)O22](OH)2 |
| 9.DE.20 | Ferro-winchite | ◻{CaNa}{Fe2+4Al}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Clino-sodic-fluoro-holmquistite | {Na}{Li2}{Mg4Al}(Si8O22)F2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Ferro-ferri-nybøite | NaNa2[(Fe2+3,Mg)Fe3+2](AlSi7O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Clino-ferro-ferri-holmquistite | ◻{Li2}{Fe2+3Fe3+2}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Oxo-pargasite | NaCa2(Mg3(Al2-xTix))5(Si6Al2O22)O2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Ferri-nybøite | NaNa2(Mg3Fe3+2](AlSi7O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Ferro-ferri-leakeite | [Na][Na2][Fe2+2Fe3+2Li]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Ferro-ferri-fluoro-leakeite | Na(Na2)(Fe2+2Fe3+2Li)(Si8O22)(F)2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Ferri-leakeite | [Na][Na2][Mg2Fe3+2Li]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Fluoro-pedrizite | NaLi2(Mg2Al2Li)(Si8O22)F2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Eckermannite | NaNa2(Mg4Al}Si8O22(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Arfvedsonite | [Na][Na2][Fe2+4Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Mangano-ferri-fluoro-leakeite | NaNa2(Mn2+2Fe3+2Li)[Si8O22]F2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Ferri-obertiite | NaNa2(Mg3Fe3+Ti)Si8O22O2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Riebeckite | ◻[Na2][Fe2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Unnamed (Possible K-analogue of Ferri-obertiite) | KNa2((Mg,Fe,Na)3Fe3+(Ti,Fe))Si8O22(O,F)2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Magnesio-fluoro-arfvedsonite | [Na][Na2][Mg4Fe3+][Si8O22](F,OH)2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Ferro-fluoro-glaucophane | ◻[Na2][Fe2+3Al2]Si8O22F2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Oxo-mangani-leakeite | NaNa2(Mn3+4Li)Si8O22O2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Fluoro-leakeite | NaNa2(Mg2Al2Li)(Si8O22)F2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Nybøite | NaNa2(Mg3Al2)(AlSi7O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Sodic-ferri-clinoferroholmquistite | Na0.5{Li2}{Fe2+3Fe3+2}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Potassic-arfvedsonite | [(K,Na)][Na2][Fe2+4Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Potassic-mangano-mangani-ungarettiite | KNa2(Mn2+2Mn3+3)Si8O22O2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Potassic-jeanlouisite | K(NaCa)(Mg4Ti)Si8O22O2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Ferri-pedrizite | [Na][Li2][Mg2Fe3+2Li]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Glaucophane | ◻[Na2][Mg3Al2]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Ferro-fluoro-pedrizite | Na(Li2)(Fe2+2Al2Li)[Si8O22]F2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Potassic-ferri-leakeite | [K][Na2][Mg2Fe3+2Li]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Potassic-magnesio-fluoro-arfvedsonite | [(K,Na)][Na2][Mg4Fe3+][Si8O22][(F,OH)2] |
| 9.DE.25 | Mangani-obertiite | NaNa2(Mg3Mn3+Ti4+)Si8O22O2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Scandio-fluoro-eckermannite | NaNa2(Mg4Sc)(Si8O22)F2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Ferro-eckermannite | NaNa2(Fe2+4Al)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Ferro-ferri-pedrizite | [Na][Li2][Fe2+2Fe3+2Li]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Pedrizite | NaLi2(LiMg2Al2)(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Ferro-pedrizite | NaLi2(Fe2+2Al2Li)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Potassic-mangani-leakeite | [(Na,K)][Na2][Mg2Mn3+2Li]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Clino-fluoro-holmquistite | ◻{Li2}{Mg3Al2}(Si8O22)F2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Ferro-ferri-obertiite | NaNa2(Fe2+3Fe3+Ti)Si8O22O2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Magnesio-riebeckite | ◻{Na2}{Mg3Fe3+2}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Potassic-magnesio-arfvedsonite | [K][Na2][Mg4Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Fluoro-nybøite | NaNa2(Mg3Al2)(AlSi7O22)(F,OH)2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Mangano-ferri-eckermannite | {Na}{Na2}{Mn2+4Fe3+}Si8O22(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Fluoro-glaucophane | ◻[Na2][Mg3Al2]Si8O22F2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Fluoro-riebeckite | ◻{Na2}{Fe2+3Fe3+2}(Si8O22)F2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Magnesio-fluoro-riebeckite | ◻{Na2}{Mg3Fe3+2}(Si8O22)F2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Fluoro-eckermannite | NaNa2(Mg4Al}Si8O22F2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Ferro-fluoro-eckermannite | NaNa2(Fe2+4Al}Si8O22F2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Fluoro-arfvedsonite | [Na][Na2][Fe2+4Fe3+]Si8O22F2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Magnesio-arfvedsonite | {Na}{Na2}{Mg4Fe3+}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Ferri-fluoro-nybøite | NaNa2(Mg3Fe3+2)(AlSi7O22)F2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Ferro-ferri-fluoro-nybøite | NaNa2(Fe2+3Fe3+2)(AlSi7O22)F2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Ferro-glaucophane | ◻[Na2][Fe2+3Al2]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Ferro-fluoro-nybøite | NaNa2(Fe2+3Al2)(AlSi7O22)F2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Mangani-dellaventuraite | NaNa2(MgMn3+2Ti4+Li)Si8O22O2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Ferro-leakeite | NaNa2(Fe2+2Al2Li)(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Leakeite | NaNa2(Mg2Al2Li)(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Potassic-leakeite | KNa2(Mg2Al2Li)(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Ferri-fluoro-pedrizite | NaLi2(LiMg2Fe3+2)(Si8O22)F2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Ferro-ferri-fluoro-pedrizite | NaLi2(LiFe2+2Fe3+2)(Si8O22)F2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Ferro-nybøite | NaNa2(Fe2+3Al2)(AlSi7)O22(OH)2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Clino-ferro-ferri-fluoro-holmquistite | ◻{Li2}{Fe2+3Fe3+2}(Si8O22)F2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Mangano-mangani-ungarettiite | NaNa2(Mn2+2Mn3+3)(Si8O22)O2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Clino-ferri-fluoro-holmquistite | ◻{Li2}{Mg3Fe3+2}(Si8O22)F2 |
| 9.DE.25 | Clino-ferro-fluoro-holmquistite | ◻{Li2}{Fe2+3Al2}(Si8O22)F2 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Tschermakite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-4035.html
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References for Tschermakite
Reference List:
Phillips, Michael W., Draheim, James E., Popp, Robert K., Clowe, Celia A., Pinkerton, A. Alan (1989) Effects of oxidation-dehydrogenation in tschermakitic hornblende. American Mineralogist, 74 (7-8) 764-773
Najorka, J., Gottschalk, M. (2003) Crystal chemistry of tremolite-tschermakite solid solutions. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 30 (2) 108-124 doi:10.1007/s00269-002-0291-1
Hawthorne, F. C., Oberti, R. (2006) On the classification of amphiboles. The Canadian Mineralogist, 44 (1) 1-21 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.44.1.1
Localities for Tschermakite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Antarctica | |
| - (n.d.) |
Australia | |
| Sutherland et al. (2003) |
| Geological Society of Australia WA Div. |
| Roche (2016) |
Bangladesh | |
| Rahman et al. (2022) |
Brazil | |
| Mesquita et al. (2017) |
| Campos et al. (2022) |
| Jour. of South American Earth Sci. ... |
| Souza Neto et al. (2008) |
| Massuda et al. (2020) |
Bulgaria | |
| JANÁK et al. (2011) |
Canada | |
| Samson I M et al. (1999) |
| Pe-Piper et al. (2024) |
| www.venuewest.com/8IKC/s1post.htm. |
| Charles A. Tarnocai et al. (1997) +1 other reference |
China | |
| Franz et al. (2001) |
| Lemanski (n.d.) |
| Xiong et al. (2024) |
| Tian et al. (2023) |
| Porter (Mike) |
| Zheng et al. (2015) |
| Dongyang Zhang et al. (2010) |
| Li et al. (2022) |
| Bai et al. (2018) |
| |
| Weidong Hui et al. (2011) |
| Wang et al. (2022) |
Czech Republic | |
| Mücke et al. (2002) |
| Mücke et al. (2006) |
| Mücke et al. (2002) |
| Mücke et al. (2002) | |
| Mücke et al. (2002) | |
| Mücke et al. (2002) | |
| Zimák et al. (2018) | |
| Cílek et al. (západočeské svrchní proterozoikum) |
| Ackerman et al. (2025) |
Eurasian Plate | |
| Rout et al. (2025) | |
Finland | |
| Sipilä |
| Papunen |
| Laitakari (1916) |
France | |
| F. André and J. Béhien |
| T. Sameshima et al. |
| Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. ... |
| Arliguie M collection |
Germany | |
| Weiß (1990) |
Greece | |
| Mposkos et al. (2011) |
| Liati et al. (1994) |
Greenland | |
| Petersen et al. (1993) |
Hungary | |
| Harangi |
| Sándor et al. (2005) |
| Sándor et al. (2005) |
| Sándor et al. (2005) |
India | |
| Narayanan Kutty et al. (1977) |
| Chowdhury (2007) +1 other reference |
| Rout et al. (2022) |
Indonesia | |
| Knuever et al. (2023) | |
Iran | |
| Kamali et al. (2018) +1 other reference |
Italy | |
| Lecacheur et al. (2024) |
| Russo et al. (2004) |
| Knuever et al. (2023) |
| Gamboni et al. (2006) |
Madagascar | |
| Frank K. Mazdab collection |
| Andrianjakavah et al. +1 other reference |
Mexico | |
| Ma et al. (2009) |
New Zealand | |
| Mossman et al. (2000) |
| Mossman et al. (2000) | |
Norway | |
| Brickwood (1986) |
| Birkeland et al. (1993) |
| Smith (1988) |
Oman | |
| - (2004, July) |
Pacific Ocean | |
| Yan et al. (2024) | |
Pakistan | |
| Rolfo et al. (1997) |
| imported from Rondu District +1 other reference | |
| DH&Z +1 other reference |
Philippines | |
| Cao et al. (2018) |
Poland | |
| Oberc-Dziedzic et al. (2011) |
Romania | |
| Papp et al. (2005) |
Russia | |
| Gottman et al. (2018) |
| Kiseleva et al. (2022) |
| Sorokina et al. (2019) |
| ... |
| Barkov et al. (2019) |
| Novakov et al. (2021) |
| Tararin et al. (2007) | |
| Tararin et al. (2007) | |
| |
| Nikolay Serebryakov data |
| A. Yu. Barkov et al. |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Trunilina et al. (2024) |
Slovakia | |
| [[1]]Reato |
| Ozdín et al. (2007) |
| Spišák |
| Ďuďa |
South Korea | |
| Lee et al. (2022) |
Spain | |
| Majarena Serrano (2015) |
| Martin-Izard et al. (1995) |
Sweden | |
| Edfelt et al. (2006) |
| Edfelt et al. (2006) | |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
Tanzania | |
| Simonet (2000) |
UK | |
| Tindle (2008) | |
| Ferry (1996) |
| Smellie et al. (1984) |
| www.minsocam.org | |
| Bevins et al. (1993) |
USA | |
| Geological Society of America Bulletin |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Mertzman (1978) +1 other reference |
| Helms et al. (1987) |
| Ma et al. (2009) |
| Stapor |
| Stapor | |
| Lang |
| McSween et al. (1984) |
| Anderson et al. (2009) |
| Nathan Clay Collins (2011) |
| Nathan Clay Collins (2011) |
| EL-Shazley et al. (2011) |
| Collins (2011) | |
| McSween Jr et al. (1984) |
| Page (2005) |
| Page (2005) | |
| McSween et al. (1984) |
| Stapor | |
| in the collection of Jennifer Cindrich |
Vietnam | |
| Xu et al. (2023) |
Zimbabwe | |
| Chaumba (2017) |
The Moon | |
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Varatskoe occurrence, Loukhsky District, Republic of Karelia, Russia