| 中國哲學書電子化計劃 |
《魯勝墨辯注敘》 | [西晉 (265年 - 317年)] 魯勝著 英文翻譯：人工智能和中國哲學書電子化計劃用戶 [?] | 電子圖書館 |
| 1 | 魯勝墨辯... : | 名者所以別同異、明是非，道義之門，政化之準繩也。孔子曰：「必也正名，名不正則事不成。」墨子著書作辯經以立名本，惠施、公孫龍祖述其學，以正別。名顯於世。孟子非墨子，其辯言正辭則與墨同。荀卿、莊周等皆非毀名家，而不能易其論也。 |
| Names serve to distinguish similarities and differences, clarify right from wrong; they are the gateway to morality and righteousness, as well as the standard for governance and moral influence. Confucius said: "It is essential to correct names; if names are not properly established, affairs cannot be accomplished." Mozi wrote books and compiled the "Bianjing" to establish the foundation of names; Huishi and Gongsun Long followed his teachings, using them to clarify distinctions. Names became prominent in the world. Mencius criticized Mozi, but his arguments and correct expressions were similar to those of Mozi. Xun Qing, Zhuang Zhou, and others all criticized the School of Names, yet they could not alter its arguments. | ||
| 2 | 魯勝墨辯... : |
名1必有形，察 形2莫如別色，故有堅白之辯；名必有分，明分明莫如有無，故有無序之辯。是有不是，可有不可，是名兩可，同而有異，異而有同，是之謂辯同異。至同無不同，至異無不異，是謂辯同辯異。同異生是非，是非生吉凶，取辯於一物，而原極天下之汙隆，名之至也。 |
| There must be form; to examine something thoroughly is best done by distinguishing colors, hence the debate over "jiana bai" (hard and white); Names must have distinctions; to clarify these distinctions most clearly is to determine presence or absence, hence the debate over "wu xu" (presence and absence). What is correct may not be incorrect, what can exist cannot be nonexistent; this is called "liangke" (both possible), where things are the same yet different, and different yet the same. This is known as distinguishing similarities and differences. The utmost sameness has no difference, the utmost difference has no similarity; this is called distinguishing sameness from difference. Similarities and differences give rise to right and wrong; right and wrong lead to auspiciousness or misfortune. By distinguishing one thing, the fundamental principles of prosperity and decline in the world can be traced—this is the ultimate function of names.
1. 名 : 舊脫。 | ||
| 3 | 魯勝墨辯... : | 自鄧析至秦時，名家者世有篇籍，率頗難知，後學莫復傳習，於今五百餘歲，遂亡絕。 |
| From Deng Xi to the Qin dynasty, scholars of the School of Names left behind written records through generations; however, these works were generally difficult to understand, and later students no longer passed them down. After more than five hundred years, they eventually became lost. | ||
| 4 | 魯勝墨辯... : | 墨辯有上下經，經各有說，凡四篇，與其書眾篇連第，故獨存。今引說就經，各附其章，疑者闕之。又采諸眾雜集為刑名二篇。略解指歸，以俟君子。其或興微繼絕者，亦有樂乎此也。 |
| The Mohist debates include an Upper and Lower Canon; each canon has its own explanations, making a total of four essays. These are connected in sequence with many other writings from the same book, so they alone have survived. Now I cite explanations and append them to their respective canons, leaving gaps where there are doubts. Additionally, I have collected various miscellaneous writings into two essays on "xingming" (naming and form). I briefly explain the main ideas to await the judgment of the virtuous. Those who may revive what is nearly lost and continue what has been cut off will also find joy in this. |
URN: ctp:mo-bian-zhu-xu