BigInt (Big Integers) in C++ with Examples

17 Mar 2025 | 4 min read

In C or C++, we have different types of data types like integers, long, float, characters etc. Each data type occupies some amount of memory. There is a range of numbers that can be occupied by that data type.

For example, an integer occupies 4 bytes of memory so that we can have numbers from -2147483648 to +2147463647.

So, if we want to have an integer where the number of digits in decimal format is 22 or more, then we cannot store it using primitive data types. To resolve this problem, we have BigInt data type which can do the following operations:

Adding two big integers
Subtracting the two big integers.
Multiplying and dividing the two big integer
Getting the square root of big integers.
Printing the big integer or converting the integer to a big integer.

There are a lot of applications where we can use the big integer data type, like getting the Catalan or Fibonacci of a large number or getting the factorial of a big integer. We will store the large number in the string format so that we can do every operation we want.