Mimetite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
This page kindly sponsored by Bob Cooke
About Mimetite
Formula:
Pb5(AsO4)3Cl
Colour:
Pale-yellow, yellowish-brown, orangish-yellow, orangish-red, red, green, white, colorless; colourless or faintly tinted in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Sub-Adamantine, Resinous
Hardness:
3½ - 4
Specific Gravity:
7.24
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1835 by François Sulpice Beudant from the Greek μϊμητής for "imitator," in allusion to its resemblance to pyromorphite.
Polymorph of:
Isostructural with:
Apatite Group.
Apatite Supergroup.
Mimetite-Pyromorphite Series and Mimetite-Vanadinite Series.
The arsenate analogue of Pyromorphite and Vanadinite.
The Pb5 analogue of Hedyphane.
The hexagonal polymorph of Mimetite-M and Mimetite-2M.
The Cl analogue of Unnamed (OH-analogue of Mimetite).
Baker (1966) showed by synthesis that there is a complete series between mimetite, pyromorphite and vanadinite.
A secondary mineral found in the oxidized zones of lead deposits. Usually found as small hexagonal prisms, often plain but may be modified, sprinkled on the matrix thinly to thickly. Its colour is quite variable, ranging from pale yellow to yellowish-brown to orange-yellow to orange-red, brownish, greenish, white and colorless.
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Mimetite.
Apatite Supergroup.
Mimetite-Pyromorphite Series and Mimetite-Vanadinite Series.
The arsenate analogue of Pyromorphite and Vanadinite.
The Pb5 analogue of Hedyphane.
The hexagonal polymorph of Mimetite-M and Mimetite-2M.
The Cl analogue of Unnamed (OH-analogue of Mimetite).
Baker (1966) showed by synthesis that there is a complete series between mimetite, pyromorphite and vanadinite.
A secondary mineral found in the oxidized zones of lead deposits. Usually found as small hexagonal prisms, often plain but may be modified, sprinkled on the matrix thinly to thickly. Its colour is quite variable, ranging from pale yellow to yellowish-brown to orange-yellow to orange-red, brownish, greenish, white and colorless.
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Mimetite.Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2714
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2714:0
IMA Classification of Mimetite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Classification of Mimetite
8.BN.05
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
N : With only large cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 0.33:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
N : With only large cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 0.33:1
Dana 7th ed.:
41.8.4.2
41.8.4.2
41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
8 : A5(XO4)3Zq
41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
8 : A5(XO4)3Zq
22.2.10
22 : Phosphates, Arsenates or Vanadates with other Anions
2 : Phosphates, arsenates or vanadates with chloride
22 : Phosphates, Arsenates or Vanadates with other Anions
2 : Phosphates, arsenates or vanadates with chloride
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Mim | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Mim | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Pronunciation of Mimetite
Pronunciation:
| Play | Recorded by | Country |
|---|---|---|
| Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Mimetite
Sub-Adamantine, Resinous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Pale-yellow, yellowish-brown, orangish-yellow, orangish-red, red, green, white, colorless; colourless or faintly tinted in transmitted light.
Streak:
White
Hardness:
3½ - 4 on Mohs scale
Hardness Data:
Measured
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Poor/Indistinct
In traces on {1011}.
In traces on {1011}.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
7.24 g/cm3 (Measured) 7.26 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Mimetite
Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
nω = 2.147 nε = 2.128
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.019
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
Visible in tinted material in transmitted light.
Comments:
May be anomalously biaxial - . Sectored
Chemistry of Mimetite
Mindat Formula:
Pb5(AsO4)3Cl
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Ca,F,Cr,V
Crystallography of Mimetite
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Class (H-M):
6/m - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
P63/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 10.250(2) Å, c = 7.454(1) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 0.727
Unit Cell V:
678.22 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Typically in simple prisms [0001], barrel-shaped, showing {1010} and {1000}; also equant, rarely tabular {0001}, or pyramidal. Frequently as rounded, barrel-shaped forms; spindle-shaped, or with cavernous basal terminations; globular, stalactic, reniform and granular. Branching groups of prismatic crystals in sub-parallel position, tapering down to a point. Acicular at times.
Twinning:
Very rarely on {1122}.
Comment:
On synthetic material.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0020250 | Mimetite | Okudera H (2013) Relationships among channel typology and atomic displacements in the structures of Pb5(BO4)3Cl with B = P (pyromorphite), V (vanadinite), and As (mimetite) American Mineralogist 98 1573-1579 | 2013 | Pingtouling mine, Guangdong, China | 0 | 293 | |
| 0020251 | Mimetite | Okudera H (2013) Relationships among channel typology and atomic displacements in the structures of Pb5(BO4)3Cl with B = P (pyromorphite), V (vanadinite), and As (mimetite) American Mineralogist 98 1573-1579 | 2013 | Pingtouling mine, Guangdong, China | 0 | 293 | |
| 0005264 | Mimetite | Yongshan D, Hughes J M, Moore P B (1991) The crystal structures of mimetite and clinomimetite, Pb5(AsO4)3Cl The Canadian Mineralogist 29 369-376 |  | 1991 | Durango, Mexico | 0 | 293 |
| 0005265 | Mimetite | Yongshan D, Hughes J M, Moore P B (1991) The crystal structures of mimetite and clinomimetite, Pb5(AsO4)3Cl The Canadian Mineralogist 29 369-376 | | 1991 | Johanngeorgenstat, Erzgebirge, Sachsen, Germany | 0 | 293 |
| 0017912 | Mimetite | Hendricks S, Jefferson M, Mosley V (1932) The Crystal Structures of Some Natural and Synthetic Apatite-Like Substances _cod_database_code 1010997 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 81 352-369 | 1932 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0020489 | Mimetite | Sokolova E V, Egorov-Tismenko Y K (1982) Study of crystalline structures of rare arsentates: duftite and mimetite Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta Geologiya 37 50-56 | 1982 | Cassiterite-sulfide field, Festivalnyi, East Siberia, Russia | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Loading XRD data...
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 4.44 Å | (20) |
| 3.36 Å | (40) |
| 3.06 Å | (100) |
| 3.01 Å | (90) |
| 2.96 Å | (70) |
| 2.11 Å | (30) |
| 1.994 Å | (20) |
| 1.905 Å | (20) |
Comments:
Data given are for synthetic material.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 45a : [Sulfates, arsenates, selenates, antimonates] | |
| 45b : [Other oxidized fumarolic minerals] | |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47d : [Arsenates, antimonates, selenates, bismuthinates] | |
| 47g : [Halogen-bearing surface weathering minerals] |
Geological Setting:
It is a secondary mineral found in the oxidized zones of lead mineral deposits, and in other settings where lead and arsenic occur together.
Type Occurrence of Mimetite
Synonyms of Mimetite
Other Language Names for Mimetite
Basque:Mimetita
Catalan:Mimetita
Dutch:Mimetiet
German:Mimetesit
Arsenikalisches Bleyerz
Arsenikbleispath
Arsensaures Blei
Bleiarsenapatit
Flockenerz
Gorlandit
Mimetit
Mimtesit
Traubenblei
Arsenikalisches Bleyerz
Arsenikbleispath
Arsensaures Blei
Bleiarsenapatit
Flockenerz
Gorlandit
Mimetit
Mimtesit
Traubenblei
Italian:Mimetite
Latin:Minera plumbi Viridis (of Wallerius)
Plumbum arsenico mineralisatum
Minera plumbi viridis (in part)
Plumbum arsenico mineralisatum
Minera plumbi viridis (in part)
Polish:Mimetezyt
Portuguese:Mimetite
Russian:Миметизит
Simplified Chinese:砷铅矿
Traditional Chinese:砷鉛礦
Ukrainian:Міметезит
Varieties of Mimetite
| Bellite | Initially thought to be a supposed arsenate-chromate of lead associated with crocoite and mimetite (Magnet Mine, Tasmania). An uncredited chemical analysis mentioned in passing suggested a mixture of crocoite, mimetite and quartz. It has also been suggest... |
| Calcium-bearing Mimetite | A calcium-bearing Mimetite, with calcium substituting for lead. |
| Campylite | A variety of mimetite forming barrel-shaped crystals. |
| Chromium-bearing Mimetite | A bright red, chromium-bearing variety of mimetite. See also bellite. |
| Prixite | Said to be a hydrous arsenate of lead [Leymerie, 1859, Cours Min. 2:284], it is probably Mimetite. [Clark, 1993 - "Hey's Mineral Index"] Originally reported from Les Molérats Mine, Saint-Prix, Beuvray, Saône-et-Loire, Burgundy, France. |
| Vanadium-bearing Mimetite | A vanadium-bearing variety of mimetite. Vanadium-dominant material is vanadinite. |
Relationship of Mimetite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Apatite Group:
| Alforsite | Ba5(PO4)3Cl | Hex. 6/m : P63/m |
| Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) | |
| Chlorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3Cl | Hex. 6/m : P63/m |
| Fluoralforsite | Ba5(PO4)3F | Hex. 6/m : P6/m |
| Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F | Hex. 6/m : P63/m |
| Fluorpyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3F | Hex. 6/m : P63/m |
| Hydroxylapatite | Ca5(PO4)3(OH) | Hex. 6/m : P63/m |
| Hydroxylpyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3(OH) | Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mcm |
| Johnbaumite | Ca5(AsO4)3(OH) | Hex. 6/m : P63/m |
| Oxypyromorphite | Pb10(PO4)6O | |
| Pieczkaite | Mn5(PO4)3Cl | Hex. 6/m : P63/m |
| Pliniusite | Ca5(VO4)3F | Hex. 6/m : P63/m |
| Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl | Hex. 6/m : P63/m |
| Stronadelphite | Sr5(PO4)3F | Hex. 6/m : P63/m |
| Svabite | Ca5(AsO4)3F | Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc |
| Turneaureite | Ca5(AsO4)3Cl | Hex. 6/m : P63/m |
| Unnamed (OH-analogue of Mimetite) | Pb5(AsO4)3(OH) | Hex. 6/m : P63/m |
| Vanadinite | Pb5(VO4)3Cl | Hex. 6/m : P63/m |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 2,728 photos of Mimetite associated with Wulfenite | Pb(MoO4) |
| 612 photos of Mimetite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 597 photos of Mimetite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 374 photos of Mimetite associated with Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| 341 photos of Mimetite associated with Fluorite | CaF2 |
| 336 photos of Mimetite associated with Baryte | BaSO4 |
| 245 photos of Mimetite associated with Willemite | Zn2SiO4 |
| 241 photos of Mimetite associated with Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 233 photos of Mimetite associated with Hemimorphite | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O |
| 224 photos of Mimetite associated with Goethite | Fe3+O(OH) |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.BN. | Fluoralforsite | Ba5(PO4)3F |
| 8.BN. | Aradite | BaCa6[(SiO4)(VO4)](VO4)2F |
| 8.BN. | Magganasite | CuFe3+3O(AsO4)3 |
| 8.BN. | Fluorpyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3F |
| 8.BN. | Fluorsigaiite | Ca2Sr3(PO4)3F |
| 8.BN.05 | Pieczkaite | Mn5(PO4)3Cl |
| 8.BN.05 | Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| 8.BN.05 | Fluorcaphite | SrCaCa3(PO4)3F |
| 8.BN.05 | Vanadinite | Pb5(VO4)3Cl |
| 8.BN.05 | Hedyphane | Ca2Pb3(AsO4)3Cl |
| 8.BN.05 | Hydroxylhedyphane | Ca2Pb3(AsO4)3(OH) |
| 8.BN.05 | Mimetite-M | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| 8.BN.05 | Johnbaumite | Ca5(AsO4)3(OH) |
| 8.BN.05 | Pliniusite | Ca5(VO4)3F |
| 8.BN.05 | Hydroxylapatite-M | Ca5(PO4)3OH |
| 8.BN.05 | Hydroxylpyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3(OH) |
| 8.BN.05 | Miyahisaite | (Sr,Ca)2Ba3(PO4)3F |
| 8.BN.05 | Carlgieseckeite-(Nd) | NaNdCa3(PO4)3F |
| 8.BN.05 | Belovite-(Ce) | NaCeSr3(PO4)3F |
| 8.BN.05 | Kuannersuite-(Ce) | NaCeBa3(PO4)3F0.5Cl0.5 |
| 8.BN.05 | Alforsite | Ba5(PO4)3Cl |
| 8.BN.05 | Unnamed (OH-analogue of Mimetite) | Pb5(AsO4)3(OH) |
| 8.BN.05 | Stronadelphite | Sr5(PO4)3F |
| 8.BN.05 | Parafiniukite | Ca2Mn3(PO4)3Cl |
| 8.BN.05 va | Germanate-pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)2GeO4 |
| 8.BN.05 | Belovite-(La) | NaLaSr3(PO4)3F |
| 8.BN.05 | Fluorphosphohedyphane | Ca2Pb3(PO4)3F |
| 8.BN.05 | Fluorstrophite | SrCaSr3(PO4)3F |
| 8.BN.05 | Hydroxylapatite | Ca5(PO4)3(OH) |
| 8.BN.05 | Johnbaumite-M | Ca5(AsO4)3OH |
| 8.BN.05 | Phosphohedyphane | Ca2Pb3(PO4)3Cl |
| 8.BN.05 | Turneaureite | Ca5(AsO4)3Cl |
| 8.BN.05 | Morelandite | Ca2Ba3(AsO4)3Cl |
| 8.BN.05 | Oxypyromorphite | Pb10(PO4)6O |
| 8.BN.05 | Deloneite | (Na0.5REE0.25Ca0.25)(Ca0.75REE0.25)Sr1.5(CaNa0.25REE0.25)(PO4)3F0.5(OH)0.5 |
| 8.BN.05 | Chlorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3Cl |
| 8.BN.05 | Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| 8.BN.05 | Vanackerite | Pb4Cd(AsO4)3Cl |
| 8.BN.05 | Svabite | Ca5(AsO4)3F |
| 8.BN.10 | Arctite | Na2Ca4(PO4)3F |
| 8.BN.10 | Krügerite | BaCa6(SiO4)2[(P0.5S0.5)O4]2F |
| 8.BN.15 | Goryainovite | Ca2(PO4)Cl |
Fluorescence of Mimetite
May fluoresce reddish yellow under SW and LW
Other Information
Electrical:
Piezoelectric.
Notes:
Soluble in HNO3 and KOH.
Forms pseudomorphs after an unknown mineral (Anglesite ?) (Durango, Mexico). Also alters to Bayldonite (Tsumeb).
Forms pseudomorphs after an unknown mineral (Anglesite ?) (Durango, Mexico). Also alters to Bayldonite (Tsumeb).
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Mimetite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2714.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
References for Mimetite
Reference List:
Glocker, Ernst Friedrich (1847) Generum et specierum mineralium, secundum ordines naturales digestorum synopsis, omnium, quotquot adhuc reperta sunt, mineralium nomina complectens [A synopsis of the genera and species of minerals, according to their natural orders, including the names of all the minerals that have yet been discovered.]. Eduardus Anton. 348 pp. p.254 - as Mimetit
Bowman, H. L. (1903) Note on the Refrative Indices of Pyromorphite, Mimetite, and Vanadinite. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 13 (62) 324-329 doi:10.1180/minmag.1903.013.62.04
Lacroix, A. (1910) Minéralogie de la France et de ses colonies Vol. 4. Library Polytechnique, Paris. p.407 - Bertrand analysis
Baker, W. E. (1966) An x-ray diffraction study of synthetic members of the pyromorphite series. American Mineralogist, 51 (11-12) 1712-1721
Dai, Y., Hughes, J. M., Moore, P. B. (1991) The crystal structures of mimetite and clinomimetite, Pb5(AsO4)Cl. The Canadian Mineralogist, 29 (2) 369-376
Frost, Ray L., Bouzaid, Jocelyne M., Palmer, Sara (2007) The structure of mimetite, arsenian pyromorphite and hedyphane – A Raman spectroscopic study. Polyhedron, 26 (13) 2964-2970 doi:10.1016/j.poly.2007.01.038
Frost, Ray L., Jagannadha Reddy, B., Palmer, Sara J. (2008) The structure of mimetite, arsenian pyromorphite and hedyphane – A near-infrared spectroscopic study. Polyhedron, 27 (6) 1747-1753 doi:10.1016/j.poly.2008.02.008
Baikie, Tom, Ferraris, Cristiano, Klooster, Wim T., Madhavi, S., Pramana, Stevin S., Pring, Allan, Schmidt, G., White, T. J. (2008) Crystal chemistry of mimetite, Pb10(AsO4)6Cl1.48O0.26, and finnemanite, Pb10(AsO3)6Cl2. Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, 64 (1) 34-41 doi:10.1107/s0108768107066402
Pasero, Marco, Kampf, Anthony R., Ferraris, Cristiano, Pekov, Igor V., Rakovan, John, White, Timothy J. (2010) Nomenclature of the apatite supergroup minerals. European Journal of Mineralogy, 22 (2) 163-179 doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2010/0022-2022
Flis, Justyna, Manecki, Maciej, Bajda, Tomasz (2011) Solubility of pyromorphite Pb5(PO4)3Cl–mimetite Pb5(AsO4)3Cl solid solution series. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 75 (7) 1858-1868 doi:10.1016/j.gca.2011.01.021
Localities for Mimetite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Algeria | |
| BARRAL (2013) |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Louha +5 other references |
Argentina | |
| Brodtkorb (2002) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| A. G. Quiroga y T. Ruíz (1994) |
Australia | |
| Brown et al. (2001) |
| Donald H. McColl (1973) |
| Rankin et al. (2002) |
| Graham et al. (2005) |
| Sorrell (n.d.) | |
| Gilligan et al. (1993) | |
| Scott (2003, June) | |
| NSW Geological Survey - MIne Data Sheets (1975) +1 other reference |
| Leverett et al. (2005) +1 other reference |
| Leverett et al. (2003) | |
| Birch et al. (1997) |
| Birch (1999) | |
| Birch (1999) |
| Birch et al. (1997) | |
| Inegbenebor et al. (1992) +1 other reference | |
| Museum Victoria collection |
| |
| McLaughlan (1988) +1 other reference | |
| England et al. (1988) +1 other reference |
| Stuart Mills |
| Sielecki (1988) |
| Sielecki (1988) | |
| Kolitsch et al. (1999) |
| Francis (2010) |
| Grubb (1971) +1 other reference |
| Pring et al. (2003) |
| Muller (1972) +2 other references |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| Bottrill |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| [var: Bellite] Petterd (1905) +1 other reference |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| N.R. Kemp and R.S. Bottrill : ... |
| Bottrill et al. (2006) | |
| Bottrill et al. (2006) | |
| Bottrill et al. (2006) | |
| Dana 6:A2:80. |
| Henry (1988) |
| |
| Nickel et al. (1993) |
| Australian J. Mineralogy 13 (1) | |
| Nickel et al. (1993) | |
| Grice et al. (1991) | |
| I.D. by Stuart Mills |
| Simpson Mineral Collection of the ... |
| Nickel et al. (1994) |
| Simpson (1948) |
| Simpson (1952) |
| Simpson (1948) | |
| Simpson (1948) |
| Museum Victoria Mineralogy Collection |
| Grguric et al. (2006) |
Austria | |
| F. Brandstätter (1997) |
| Auer (2019) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| C.Auer (2019) |
| Taucher (2001) |
| Blass (2000) |
| A.Pichler (2003) |
| Pichler (2009) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) | |
| C.Auer (2024) +1 other reference |
| Carinthia II (2017) |
| Pichler (2009) |
| Puttner (1996) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| G.Indra +1 other reference | |
| Pichler (2009) |
| Carinthia II (2017) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| A.Pichler (2003) |
| A.Pichler (2003) | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| C.Auer (2013) |
| Kolitsch (2014) |
| Auer (1998) |
| Auer (2024) |
| C.Auer (1991) |
| C.Auer (2013) +1 other reference | |
| C.Auer (2013) | |
| C.Auer (2013) | |
| Hagenguth et al. (1982) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2010) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Grolig et al. (2003) |
| Kirchner et al. (2007) |
| Niedermayr (2006) | |
| Auer (2020) | |
| Auer (2020) |
| Schachinger et al. (2015) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2021) |
| Schachinger et al. (2014) |
| Exel (1993) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| R.Poeverlein (2016) |
| Kutil (2004) |
| Strasser (1989) | |
| Niedermayr et al. (2009) | |
| Tomazic (2010) |
| Bernhard (2012) |
| Tomazic (1999) |
| Tomazic et al. (2012) |
| Bojar (2021) |
| Postl (1991) |
| Leikauf et al. (2013) +1 other reference |
| Schachinger et al. (2014) |
| Bernhard et al. (2005) |
| C.Auer (2021) | |
| Schachinger et al. (2015) | |
| C.Auer (2021) | |
| Jakely (2008) |
| Jakely (2008) | |
| Bojar (2004) | |
| Hanneberg et al. (2009) +1 other reference |
| Hanke et al. (2010) |
| Steck (2022) |
| Schnorrer et al. (2005) |
| Schnorrer+Poeverlein (2005) | |
| - (1994, July) | |
| Poeverlein |
| Schnorrer et al. (2002) |
| Der Aufschluß (2006) |
| Poeverlein et al. (2007) | |
| Poeverlein et al. (2010) |
| Poeverlein et al. (2010) | |
| 58. +1 other reference |
| Kolitsch et al. (2020) |
| Bauer (1997) |
| Schnorrer et al. (2007) |
| Krause et al. (2025) |
Belgium | |
| Michel Blondieau. +2 other references |
| Hatert et al. (1998) +1 other reference |
| Lefevre (2001) +4 other references |
Bolivia | |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
Botswana | |
| Forrester +1 other reference |
Bulgaria | |
| Lips (2006) |
| Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Annual ... |
| Minceva-Stefanova (2001) |
| Minceva-Stefanova (2001) |
Canada | |
| Teng +1 other reference |
| |
| Reiner Mielke 2013 |
| Traill (1983) |
| HORVÁTH et al. (2006) |
| Grice (1989) +1 other reference |
| Watson et al. (1996) |
Chile | |
| Arfè et al. (2016) |
| [var: Bellite] Uwe Kolitsch |
| Thorne (n.d.) |
| [var: Bellite] Uwe Kolitsch | |
| Fondecyt +2 other references |
| Samples analysed by Dr. Jochen Schlüter (Hamburg University) | |
| Maurizio Dini collection |
| Oviedo et al. (1991) |
| T. Kampf analysis |
| maurizio dini collection - analysed ... |
| Maurizio Dini collection - analysed ... | |
| Sorrell (n.d.) |
| M.Dini & A.Molina collection +1 other reference |
| C. Ruiz Fuller/F. Peebles (1988) |
| M.Dini & A.Molina collection |
| Dana 7:II:892. |
| sample preserved in the Ignacio Domeyko ... |
| A.Molina collection +1 other reference |
| M.Dini & A.Molina collection +1 other reference |
| Samples analysed by Dr. Jochen Schlüter (Hamburg University) +1 other reference |
| D. Harries |
| Samples analysed by Dr. Jochen Schlüter (Hamburg University) |
China | |
| Boling Pan et al. (1989) |
| P Haas collection no. 72-165 +1 other reference |
| Yi Li and Lairen Lai (1997) +2 other references |
| Yi Li and Lairen Lai (2004) |
| Maggie Wilson | |
| Broili et al. (2010) |
| Junping Dong (1992) |
| Mengxiang Zhou (2006) |
| Guangming Yang (1980) |
| Qida Zhang and Dakang Song (1990) +1 other reference |
| Guoying Chen et al. (1985) +1 other reference |
| Xiao'ou Zhao (1989) |
| Xu et al. (2022) |
| Baogui Zhang et al. (2002) | |
| Liangsheng Ge et al. (2007) |
Czech Republic | |
| Sejkora et al. (2008) |
| Řídkošil |
| [Bull.N.M.Praha 2002 |
| C.Auer (2016) |
| J.Hyrsl (1992) |
| Ondruš et al. (1989) | |
| Lapis 2002 (7/8) |
| Sejkora et al. (2011) | |
| M.E. Ciriotti |
| Sejkora et al. (2007) |
| Rezek +5 other references |
| Vrtiskova et al. (2024) |
| Sejkora et al. (2019) |
| Sejkora et al. (2009) |
| American Mineralogist 79 +1 other reference |
| VÍŠKOVÁ et al. (2022) |
| Pauliš et al. (2013) +1 other reference |
| Velebil +5 other references |
DR Congo | |
| De Bondt (n.d.) |
Egypt | |
| Kamar et al. (2022, August) |
| Helmy et al. (2021) |
| Afify et al. (2022) |
Europe | |
| Minceva-Stefanova (2001) | |
| Minceva-Stefanova (2001) | |
| Quellmalz (1992) +1 other reference |
Finland | |
| Ilkka Mikkola collection |
France | |
| Y. Vessely collection |
| Pierre Le Roch & Jean-Marc Johannet ... |
| Cuchet et al. (2000) | |
| P.G. PELISSON (pelisson@inist.fr) |
| Several AFM members collection |
| P. Le Roch collection |
| C. Vialaron +1 other reference |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| Duarte (2014) |
| Chollet et al. (2013) |
| Jorelle (2002) |
| Henri Agrinier et al. (Puy-de-Dôme) |
| Bariand et al. (n.d.) |
| ... |
| King (n.d.) |
| perso.wanadoo.fr (2003) |
| Queneau (n.d.) | |
| Chollet Pascal Collection |
| De Ascençao Guedes (2003) |
| Gastineau (1999) |
| Favreau G. et al. (1996) |
| Valverde J. (1999) |
| Jean-Pierre Bourgarel Collection - - ... |
| De Ascenção Guedes (2003) |
| Hohl (1994) |
| Yves Mourey Collection |
| Yves Mourey Collection | |
| GOURAULT C. (2006) |
| GOURAULT C. (2006) |
| Gourault et al. (2021) | |
| Gourault et al. (2021) |
| Yves Mourey Collection |
| Boisson J.-M. et al. (2023) +1 other reference |
| |
| |
| Asselborn (1982) | |
| OLLIC Pascal Collection |
| Kolitsch (1997) |
| Hohl (1994) | |
| Les Vosges minières +1 other reference | |
| David Steiner collection |
| Jacques Delfour |
| Chollet Pascal Collection |
| Germain C. et al. (1990) |
| P. Le Roch collection |
| Haas (n.d.) |
| Th Brunsperger collection |
| Hohl (1994) +1 other reference | |
| Hohl (1994) +1 other reference | |
| Wittern et al. (1997) |
| Wittern +1 other reference |
| This mine worked the same vein as Gabe ... +2 other references | |
| Wittern et al. (1997) |
| Escande et al. (1973) +6 other references |
| cf. Le Règne Minéral +1 other reference | |
| Brousse (1982) |
| Laurent et al. (1967) |
| Ferracin Frédéric collection |
| Berbain et al. (2005) |
| Berbain et al. (2000) |
| Berbain et al. (2005) |
| Les Anciennes mines de Padern - Montgaillard ( Aude ) | |
| BERBAIN Ch. et al. (2006) | |
| www.zampano.com (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Berbain et al. (2005) |
| collection BONNET Frederic +1 other reference |
| |
| Lheur (2023) | |
| Haas (n.d.) |
| Leconte J. et al. (2016) | |
| Jean-Marie LAURENT collection |
| Gayraud et al. (2011) +1 other reference |
| Favreau et al. (2010) |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| |
| Johannet (2012) | |
| Several AFM members collection |
| EDS analysed by Chollet Pascal at ... +1 other reference |
| Gol et al. (2010) | |
| Jean-Marie LAURENT collection |
| No References | |
| Dill (2008) |
| Gol (2009) |
| Berbain et al. (2005) |
| Self - collected by : Jean Marie LAURENT |
| Lheur et al. (2010) |
| Bernadi et al. (2014) |
| Leydet (1998) |
| Self collected by S. MAURY |
| Jean-Luc Portes Collection |
| ROSTAN et al. (2017) |
| No ref. |
| van den Berg (1987) +1 other reference |
| Jean-Marie Claude collection | |
| trouvaille et collection personnelle | |
Germany | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| [www.thamesvalleyminerals.com] | |
| Emser Hefte 15 (3) |
| Wendel (2000) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Walenta (1992) | |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Pöllmann et al. (1990) |
| Gruber (2000) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1989) +1 other reference | |
| Walenta (1992) | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Walenta (1996) |
| Walenta (1996) |
| Neschen (n.d.) |
| Walenta (1996) |
| Walenta (1998) |
| www.mineralienatlas.de (2021) |
| Walenta (1992) | |
| [Wittern (1995) |
| |
| Lapis 1985 (11) |
| Wittern (2001) +1 other reference | |
| Walenta (1989) +1 other reference |
| |
| Lapis (4) |
| Walenta (1992) +1 other reference |
| |
| Walenta (1994) +1 other reference |
| Walenta (1965) +3 other references |
| Walenta (1992) |
| |
| |
| Walenta (1992) | |
| Walenta (1992) | |
| |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Hanneberg et al. (2009) +1 other reference |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Stephan Wolfsried collection (analysed, see https://www.mindat.org/photo-917434.html) |
| Walenta (1991) | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Bracke (n.d.) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Lapis 8 (4) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| |
| Hock et al. (1992) |
| Fettel (1988) |
| Antnony | |
| klaus Petitjean (pers. comm.) |
| R Bayerl collection |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Emser Hefte 1988 (1) +1 other reference |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Blaß et al. (1993) |
| |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Eigenfunde/Halde 1994 Manfred Gross +2 other references |
| Wittern et al. (1986) |
| Gröbner et al. (2011) |
| |
| Schnorrer et al. (2002) +1 other reference |
| |
| Gröbner (2007) |
| Weiß (1990) | |
| Blaß et al. (2021) |
| Schnorrer-Köhler (1989) |
| Schnorrer-Köhler (1989) | |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Neschen (n.d.) | |
| Stieglitz et al. (1989) |
| Bender et al. (1994) +1 other reference |
| |
| Weiß (1990) +1 other reference |
| Rolf Golze +3 other references |
| Schnorrer-Köhler (1987) |
| www.mineralienatlas.de (2025) |
| Rolf Golze +3 other references | |
| Blaß et al. (1995) |
| Blaß et al. (1995) |
| Blaß et al. (1995) | |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Blaß et al. (1995) |
| Graf et al. (1992) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Mineralienwelt 2/1997 |
| Lapis 1988 (1) |
| Schnorrer-Köhler (1988) |
| Schnorrer-Köhler (1988) | |
| Schnorrer-Köhler (1988) |
| Schnorrer-Köhler (1988) | |
| Schnorrer-Köhler (1988) +1 other reference |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Emser Hefte 1990 (1) |
| Henrich et al. (2024) | |
| Schnorrer et al. (1998) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) | |
| Henrich (2007) | |
| |
| Collection Hartmute Hensel |
| Noll (1984) |
| Noll (1984) | |
| Wittern (2001) | |
| Wittern (2001) | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Lapis (9) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Der Aufschluss Vol.55 |
| Weiß (1990) |
| |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Rondorf et al. (1992) |
| www.mineralienatlas.de (n.d.) |
| Gröbner et al. (2011) |
| Thomas Lühr Collection |
| Gröbner et al. (2011) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Gröbner et al. (2011) |
| Gröbner et al. (2011) | |
| Thomas Lühr | |
| Silvio Herrmann |
| Gerhard Möhn Collection Analyzed by ... |
| Gröbner et al. (2011) |
| Gröbner et al. (2011) | |
| Junker et al. (1991) |
| Möhn et al. (07/2020) |
| Müller et al. (2021) |
| Lapis (4) | |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Schlegel (1991) |
| Flach et al. (2017) | |
| Germany: BAF-Freiberg - Type: T: 20255 (??) | |
| Schnorrer (1995) +1 other reference | |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Hajek (2010) |
| Kleeberg et al. (1992) |
| www.dergraul.de (2001) | |
| www.dergraul.de (2001) | |
| Martin et al. (1992) +1 other reference |
| Lapis 30 (7/8) | |
| Frank Ihle Collection |
| Gröbner et al. (2006) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Wittern (2001) | |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Schilka (2000) +1 other reference |
| WEISS et al. (2001) |
| Weber (1992) |
| Gröbner et al. (2007) +1 other reference | |
| Leonhardt et al. (1991) |
| Knoll (2009) |
Greece | |
| Blaß et al. (1998) |
| Branko Rieck | |
| Solomos et al. (2004) | |
| Uwe Kolitsch (SEM-EDS analyses) | |
| LAPIS 24 (7/8) +2 other references | |
| |
| Gröbner (2001) +1 other reference | |
| Fritz Schreiber collection (SXRD-analysed by Uwe Kolitsch) |
| Branko Rieck and Uwe Kolitsch collections (visual ID) |
| Heinz Fabritz +1 other reference |
| Rieck (n.d.) | |
| COUREAU | |
| Fritz Schreiber collection +1 other reference |
| Triantafyllidis et al. (2024) |
| Lang (1890) +1 other reference | |
| Schnorrer-Köhler et al. (1988) | |
| Fritz Schreiber collection |
| Fritz Schreiber collection +1 other reference |
| Fritz Schreiber collection | |
| |
| Lapis et al. (1999) | |
| Zirkl et al. (1985) |
| Fritz Schreiber collection | |
| Uwe Kolitsch | |
| Horst Schabereiter collection |
| Rieck (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
| Blaß et al. (1998) | |
| Lapis et al. (1999) | |
| Uwe Kolitsch (EDS-analysis) |
| Fritz Schreiber collection | |
| Fornadel et al. (2011) |
| Bracke (n.d.) |
Hungary | |
| Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya |
| Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya | |
| Sándor et al. (2005) |
| |
| Sándor et al. (2005) |
| Szakáll et al. (1996) |
| AMP |
| HOM Collection |
Indonesia | |
| Scotney et al. (2005) |
Iran | |
| Cairoli et al. (2017) |
| |
| Bariand (1963) | |
| Reicher et al. (2003) |
| Bariand et al. (1980) |
| Daliran (2008) |
| Wilke (1977) |
| Pazouki et al. (2000) +1 other reference |
Ireland | |
| Morrissey (1970) |
| S. MORETON et al. (1999) |
Italy | |
| Russo et al. (2004) +1 other reference |
| Demartin et al. (2014) +1 other reference |
| Demartin et al. (2014) +1 other reference | |
| Bortolozzi et al. (2017) |
| EDX analysis by Italo Campostrini +1 other reference | |
| EDX analysis by Italo Campostrini |
| Bortolozzi et al. (2015) |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) | |
| C. Balestra - SIUK-AMI - characterized ... |
| C. Balestra | |
| Balestra-Castellaro-Kampf | |
| Vajda (2005) |
| M.E. Ciriotti Probed 2005 |
| Castellaro (2008) |
| Pasetti (2011) |
| Gianni Peracchi collection | |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) |
| Maida (2002) |
| Maida et al. (2012) | |
| V. Rosa collection |
| Vergani et al. (2021) |
| Vergani et al. (2020) | |
| Carmagnola et al. (2019) |
| Luigi Possenti Collection | |
| Vergani (2019) +1 other reference |
| Vergani et al. (2020) | |
| Vergani et al. (2020) | |
| Vergani et al. (2021) |
| Vergani F. et al. (2020) | |
| Guastoni et al. (2008) |
| Gentile et al. (2023) +1 other reference |
| Guastoni et al. (2008) | |
| Gentile et al. (2023) |
| Orlandi et al. (1) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Giuseppe Finello collection |
| Giuseppe Finello find & collection (SEM- EDS) | |
| Cámara et al. (2017) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Parola et al. (2023) |
| Prete (1995) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Barresi et al. (2) |
| - (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Bruno Marello collection |
| Franco Luca Bonino's collection |
| Ciriotti et al. (2019) | |
| Giovanni Scapin Collection | |
| Ciriotti et al. (2019) | |
| SEM/EDS 18/09/2001 MNHN-Paris |
| ALBERTINI C. (2014) |
| ALBERTINI C. (2014) | |
| Guastoni et al. (2006) +2 other references |
| Guastoni et al. (2006) +1 other reference | |
| Sergio Varvello collection |
| Mattioli (1979) +1 other reference |
| //doi.org/10.57635/MICRO.2025.23.17 |
| Gamboni et al. (2021) |
| Olmi F. et al. (SS) +2 other references |
| Olmi F. et al. (1995) | |
| Binotto et al. (1987) +2 other references |
| Stara et al. (1996) | |
| Stara et al. (1996) | |
| Stara et al. (1996) | |
| |
| Stara et al. (1993) |
| Stara P. (1996) |
| Stara et al. (1996) | |
| Italo Campostrini collection | |
| Stara | |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) | |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) |
| Stara et al. (1996) |
| Stara et al. (1996) | |
| Stara et al. (1996) | |
| Stara et al. (1996) | |
| Brizzi G. et al. (1989) | |
| Stara et al. (1996) | |
| Stara et al. (1994) | |
| Pflügel (1982) | |
| Stara et al. (1996) | |
| Stara et al. (1996) | |
| Stara et al. (1996) |
| Brizzi et al. (1994) |
| Stara et al. (1996) | |
| Stara P. (1996) | |
| Stara et al. (1996) | |
| Preite et al. (2007) |
| Stara |
| Stara et al. (1993) |
| Stara et al. (1995) |
| Lecca et al. (2024) | |
| www.associazionemineralogicasarda.it (n.d.) | |
| Rivista Mineralogica Italiana 4/1992-"I minerali del giacimento di Monte Tamara (Nuxis) |
| Stara et al. (1993) |
| Stara et al. (1993) | |
| Stara et al. (1993) | |
| Stara et al. (1993) | |
| |
| Stara et al. (1996) |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Daniel Lorenz |
| Griesecke (1979) +2 other references |
| Conedera M. et al. (2016) |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) |
| Ricordo di Cristel Puecher da Roveda +2 other references |
| Ferretti P. et al. (Lavis, Trentino-Alto Adige) |
| Canal et al. (2012) |
| Rocchetti I. (2012) |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) |
| Vecchi et al. (2013) |
| Magnano et al. (1959) |
| Maiello (1998) |
| Gasparetto et al. (2014) | |
| Raman Spectroscopy | |
| Erica Bittarello +3 other references | |
| Bazzoni et al. (2014) |
| Sabelli C. et al. (1996) | |
| Bazzoni et al. (2007) | |
| Batacchi et al. (2011) |
| Bazzoni et al. (2001) | |
| Biagioni et al. (2013) |
| ini A. (2013) | |
| Senesi F. (1999) | |
| Batacchi et al. (2023) |
| Biagioni et al. (2008) |
| Orlandi et al. (1996) +1 other reference |
| Collection Lechner Alois |
| Orlandi P. |
| Orlandi et al. (1980) +1 other reference |
| Orlandi et al. (1980) +1 other reference |
| Guelfi et al. (1987) |
| Biagioni et al. (2019) | |
| Bonaccorsi et al. (2007) | |
| Personal Collection |
| Sergio Pegoraro et al. (2022) +2 other references |
| Saccardo D. et al. (Torrebelvicino, Vicenza) +1 other reference |
| Boscardin et al. (2011) |
Japan | |
| Shimizu et al. (1998) |
| Masutomi Museum specimens |
| Hirama et al. (2011) +1 other reference |
| Yamada (2005) |
| - (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| - (n.d.) |
| - (n.d.) |
| Uehara et al. (2014) | |
| pers. comm. Kotaro Watanabe +1 other reference |
| Uehara et al. (2014) |
| HATSUKAWA et al. (2020) |
| Wang et al. (2023) | |
| Takahashi (2002) |
| Yamada (2004) |
| Munich Lithothek specimens (2015 Versandliste) |
| Marumo et al. (2008) |
| |
| Petrov (n.d.) |
Kazakhstan | |
| Dyussembayeva et al. (2013) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Evseev (1995) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
Malaysia | |
| Hoe et al. (2003) |
Mexico | |
| |
| Palache et al. (1951) | |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Palache et al. (1951) | |
| John Stolz collection (ex Gary Weaver collection) |
| Panczner (1987) | |
| Panczner (1987) | |
| Panczner (1987) | |
| Martin Števko-unpublished |
| Gerardo Pérez Reveles | |
| - (2004) |
| Panczner (1987) | |
| Panczner (1987) | |
| Rocks & Minerals Issue: Volume 76 |
| Peter Megaw |
| Panczner (1987) +1 other reference |
| Saini-Eidukat et al. (2009) | |
| Megaw (2023) |
| Querol +1 other reference | |
| Panczner (1987) |
| |
| Fabre (n.d.) |
| Megaw (2023) | |
| Dana 6: 1030 +1 other reference |
| Moore (2008) |
| Palache et al. (1951) +4 other references | |
| Moore et al. (2003) | |
| Moore (2008) | |
| Tim Blackwood specimen |
| Moore (2008) | |
| Moore et al. (2003) | |
| Mike New and Steve Stuart specimens. | |
| Panczner (1987) | |
| [AmMin 85:263] |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Thorne (n.d.) |
| Braith et al. (2001) +1 other reference | |
| Collector's Stope specimens |
| Thomas P. Moore (2024) |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Dennis Beals (X-tal) |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Rocks & Minerals (xxxx) +3 other references |
Morocco | |
| Tristan Mantoy's collection |
| Jordi Fabre (EDS) |
| Jahn et al. (2003) |
| Favreau (n.d.) | |
| Favreau (2005) |
| Barral et al. (2008) | |
| Favreau (n.d.) |
| Dietrich et al. (2005) | |
| Favreau et al. (2006) |
| Favreau (n.d.) | |
| Favreau (n.d.) |
| Barral (2023) | |
| Favreau (n.d.) |
| Chemical analysis from Jordi Fabre | |
Namibia | |
| Palfi et al. (2009) |
| Bezing et al. (2007) |
| Bowell et al. (2013) |
| Schnaitmann et al. (2010) | |
| Rocks & Minerals (xxxx) +3 other references |
| von Bezing (2007) |
| Cairncross (1997) +1 other reference | |
| von Bezing (2007) |
| Jahn (2002) +1 other reference |
| Jahn (2002) | |
| Dunn (1991) |
New Zealand | |
| Courtney et al. (1990) |
North Macedonia | |
| Ermolaeva et al. (2019) |
Norway | |
| Kamphaug (1986) |
| Husdal (2019) |
| Husdal (2019) |
| Husdal (2019) | |
| Frigstad et al. (1970) +1 other reference |
| Ellingsen et al. (2000) |
| Kristiansen (2022) |
| Ljøstad (1988) +1 other reference |
| Peter Andresen collection |
Pacific Ocean | |
| Choi et al. (2023) |
Peru | |
| Mondillo et al. (2014) |
Poland | |
| Domań +2 other references |
| Mochnacka et al. (2012) | |
| Ciesielczuk et al. (2003) |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| Małek et al. (2019) |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| Eligiusz Szełęg collection | |
Portugal | |
| Marques de Sá et al. (2010) |
| |
| Nunes (n.d.) |
| Alves (n.d.) |
| Alves (n.d.) |
| Pedro Alves analytical data |
| Rui Nunes February 2009 |
| Neiva et al. (2000) |
| Pedro Alves collection and/or ... | |
| Alves (n.d.) |
| Pedro Alves analytical data and technical report (confidential) +2 other references |
| Alves (n.d.) |
| Leal Gomes | |
| Nuno Afonso collection (XRD-analysed) |
| Alves (2017) |
| Alves (n.d.) |
| Alves (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Pierre Rosseel collection | |
| Alves (n.d.) | |
| Ko Jansen collection |
| Dias et al. (2009) |
Republic of the Congo | |
| Richard Dale Collection |
| Demetrius Pohl | |
| Spirifer Minerals specimens | |
| EDXS analyses by P. Roth |
| 'Tama Higuchi' Collection +1 other reference |
Romania | |
| |
| Szakáll (2002) |
Russia | |
| webmineral.ru (2020) |
| Lyalina et al. (2009) +1 other reference |
| Grant et al. (2001) |
| Cook (2007) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) | |
| PonomareV (2022) |
| Palache et al. (1951) | |
| Yarosh et al. (1955) | |
| Kasatkin et al. (2014) |
| Palache et al. (1951) | |
| Yurgenson et al. (2011) |
Slovakia | |
| Hoppanová et al. (2024) |
| Števko et al. (2016) |
| Števko M. (2020) |
| Vlasáč et al. (2021) |
| - (2021) +1 other reference |
| Števko M. (2022) |
| Števko et al. (2025) |
| Ďuďa R. (1992) |
| Radková P. et al. (2019) |
| Števko M. et al. (Slovenská republika) |
| Števko M. (2020) |
South Africa | |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) +1 other reference |
| Cairncross (2004) |
| Malcolm Southwood (2002) | |
| Southwood et al. (1986) |
| Gulyaeva et al (1986) | |
| SAMS (South African Micromount Society) |
| SAMS (South African Micromount Society) | |
| Robert O. Meyer collection +3 other references |
Spain | |
| Viñals et al. (2008) |
| Favreau (n.d.) | |
| Calvo Rebollar et al. (2022) |
| Calvo (2015) +1 other reference |
| Calvo (2015) |
| Weppe et al. (Almería) +1 other reference |
| A. Arribas et al. (2005) | |
| www.mineral-forum.com (n.d.) | |
| Calvo (2015) | |
| Cesar Menor Salvan +1 other reference | |
| G. Leal et al. (2005) | |
| José Miguel Sola Fernández and group. | |
| Favreau (n.d.) |
| Rewitzer et al. (2020) |
| Miguel Calvo Rebollar (2015) |
| Calvo Rebollar et al. (2022) |
| Rewitzer et al. (2016) +1 other reference |
| Rewitzer et al. (2018) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2015) +1 other reference |
| www.foro-minerales.com (n.d.) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2015) |
| Calvo (2015) |
| Calvo (2015) |
| Colectivo Arrayanes et al. (2008) |
| Calvo (2015) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2015) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2015) | |
| Calvo et al. (2014) |
| Gröbner et al. (1999) |
| Cesar Menor Salvan +1 other reference |
| Menor (2010) |
| Menor (2010) +1 other reference | |
| Menor (2010) | |
| Calvo Rebollar (2015) |
| Mineralogistes de Catalunya (2/3) |
| Carles Milan |
| Ignacio Herrera +13 other references |
| Rosell Minerals | |
| Joan Rosell |
| Xevi Ortiz collection. |
| Joan Rosell et al. (2022) | |
| Xevi Ortiz collection. |
| Abella i Creus (2018) |
| Joan Abella i Creus |
| Calvo (2015) |
| Joan Abella i Creus (2008) |
| Sainz de Baranda Graf et al. (2023) |
| Gonzalez Del Tanago +3 other references |
| Calvo (2015) |
| Salván et al. (2024) |
| Calvo Sevillano et al. (2012) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2015) |
| Fabre (n.d.) |
| Van den Berg et al. (2020) |
| Juan Miguel Casanova |
| Mineralogía de la concesión San Rafael | |
| issuu.com (n.d.) +1 other reference |
Sweden | |
| Aksel Österlöf collection |
| Lindgren (1880) +2 other references |
| Åberg et al. (1986) | |
| Dunn et al. (1978) |
| Hamberg (1888) +1 other reference |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Meisser (1999) +2 other references |
| Meisser (1999) | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Philippe Roth's collection |
| Krähenbühl et al. (1999) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| EDXS analyses |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Kolitsch et al. (1996) | |
| van der Burgt et al. (2005) | |
| |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| 50. (in German) +1 other reference | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Philippe Roth's collection |
| |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Ansermet (2012) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference | |
| 86. (in German) +2 other references | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference | |
| Ansermet (2012) |
Thailand | |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| Bode (1998) +3 other references |
Turkey | |
| Powell et al. (2021) |
UK | |
| specimen in my collection |
| Mason (1976) | |
| Collins (1871) |
| Russell (1910) +1 other reference |
| Hogg (1825) |
| Phillips (1823) +4 other references | |
| Golley et al. (1995) +1 other reference |
| Dines (1956) |
| Hogg (1825) +4 other references | |
| Elton et al. (2004) |
| Jay I.G. Roland |
| Tony Aldworth collection | |
| Griffiths (n.d.) |
| Hall (1868) +1 other reference |
| Hill et al. (1906) | |
| Phillips (1823) +2 other references |
| Phillips (1823) +5 other references |
| Phillips (1823) +1 other reference | |
| Hall (1868) |
| Kingsbury et al. (1960) |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Golley et al. (1995) | |
| Kingsbury et al. (1960) |
| Steve Rust collection | |
| Golley et al. (1995) | |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Kingsbury et al. (1960) |
| Norman Wilson collection |
| Mason (1976) | |
| Hubbard (n.d.) |
| Day (1999) |
| Cooper et al. (1990) |
| Bridges et al. (2008) | |
| Kingsbury et al. (1960) +4 other references | |
| comprising a familiar account of ... +16 other references | |
| Green et al. (2009) | |
| Cooper et al. (1990) | |
| Kingsbury et al. (1960) +2 other references | |
| - (2006) | |
| David Clayton |
| Mike Leppington collection (visual ID) | |
| comprising a familiar account of ... +2 other references | |
| Kingsbury et al. (MS) +3 other references | |
| Kingsbury et al. (1960) +2 other references | |
| Greg et al. (1858) +4 other references | |
| Kendall (1884) +2 other references | |
| comprising a familiar account of ... +6 other references | |
| Cooper et al. (1990) +2 other references | |
| Cooper et al. (1990) +1 other reference | |
| Cooper et al. (1990) |
| Claringbull (1951) +7 other references | |
| Hall (1868) +1 other reference | |
| Hall (1868) +1 other reference | |
| Thorne (n.d.) |
| M.Wirth collection |
| Mike Rumsey |
| Ford et al. (1993) |
| Ford et al. (1993) |
| Observed |
| Phillips (1823) +1 other reference |
| Mineralogical Magazine 1966 35 : ... |
| Rutley (1902) |
| Render (n.d.) |
| Turner (2006) +1 other reference |
| Day (1999) |
| Burr (1996) |
| |
| |
| Rob Bowell | |
| S. Rust collection |
| |
| Day (1999) |
| Day (1999) |
| Day (1999) |
| British Micromount Society +2 other references |
USA | |
| - (2008) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) | |
| Ron Layton self collected | |
| C. Lemanski |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Galbraith (1959) +1 other reference | |
| Rob Bowell | |
| Rick Dalrymple Collection | |
| Marek Chorazewicz (2023) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) | |
| King (n.d.) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Thorne (n.d.) | |
| Robert Bartsch field collected specimen +1 other reference |
| Robert Jenkins Raman Spectroscopy |
| Mason (1976) | |
| Trebisky (1975) +1 other reference |
| Keith (1972) +2 other references |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Collection Daniel Lunau |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Specimens collected by Mike Shannon and ... | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) | |
| Posted by Jerry A. Baird |
| Hunt (1983) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Rolf Luetcke |
| Bancroft et al. (1990) | |
| Bancroft et al. (1990) | |
| Wilson et al. (1996) | |
| Dana 6: 1094 +3 other references | |
| Rolf Luetcke |
| |
| Galbraith (1959) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Williams et al. (1970) |
| Galbraith (1959) | |
| Williams (1968) +1 other reference |
| collected by and in the collection of ... |
| MinRec 19 (3) | |
| Mineral News (2002) |
| Rocks & Min.: 62: 336 & 338. +3 other references |
| Kampf et al. (2019) +1 other reference | |
| Yang et al. (2013) | |
| Galbraith (1959) |
| Minerals identified by the mine owners (2024) | |
| Williams (1968) +2 other references | |
| Williams (1982) |
| Personally collected by Jerry A. Baird ... |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Galbraith (1959) |
| Rolf Luetcke |
| Ronald C. Render |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Yang et al. (2025) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| |
| Rolf Luetcke | |
| Palache et al. (1951) +2 other references |
| Wilson (1984) +1 other reference |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Thorne (n.d.) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Williams et al. (1970) +1 other reference |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Fleetwood R. Koutz (1984) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) | |
| Rolf Luetcke |
| Luetcke (n.d.) | |
| MRDS database Dep. ID file #10101377 |
| Anthony et al. (1995) | |
| |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) | |
| Thorne (n.d.) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Jahns (1952) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Keith (1978) | |
| MRDS database Dep. ID file #10103550 |
| Keith (1978) | |
| Keith (1978) | |
| Keith (1978) | |
| Keith (1978) | |
| MRDS database Dep. ID file #10037073 | |
| Hall (1963) +1 other reference |
| Hall (1963) +3 other references | |
| USGS PP 368 p.59 |
| Stolburg (1984) |
| Miners Lunchbox specimen 2014 | |
| Irelan et al. (1890a) +2 other references |
| Walstrom (n.d.) |
| Kampf et al. (2016) +1 other reference |
| Sugar White collection +3 other references |
| Robert M. Housley (2005) |
| Murdoch (1966) | |
| Hall (1963) +1 other reference |
| Adams (2001) |
| Hawley et al. (1960) |
| Murdoch (1966) |
| Hall (1963) +1 other reference |
| Murdoch (1966) |
| Loew (1875) +4 other references |
| King (n.d.) |
| CDMG OFR 94-11 Mineral Land ... |
| Murdoch (1966) +2 other references |
| Dr. Robert Housley |
| R. Housley (2008) |
| Walstrom (n.d.) |
| Douglas Merson collection |
| Bulletin of the Mineralogical Society ... +2 other references | |
| Wise (1993) |
| Steve Stuart specimen |
| Murdoch (1966) |
| Paul M. Adams (2003) |
| Collected by and in the collection of ... +1 other reference |
| ID via Tony Kampf | |
| Joe Marty specimens | |
| MarekC personal collection | |
| [var: Bellite] Collected by and in the collection of ... | |
| Thorne (n.d.) | |
| Kampf et al. (2009) +1 other reference |
| Collected by and in the collection of ... +1 other reference | |
| Roberts et al. (1994) +1 other reference |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Shannon et al. (1985) |
| Mineral Collector (1895) +1 other reference | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) +1 other reference |
| Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Rocks & Minerals 82:368-380 |
| Rocks & Minerals 82:368-380 | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Januzzi et al. (1976) |
| Ream (2004) |
| Ream (2004) |
| Rocks & Min. 70:249-250. |
| Ream (1995) |
| - (2005) |
| Ream (2005) |
| |
| Peter Cristofono collection and SEM-EDS ... |
| Shawn Carlson (2010) |
| Dana 6:1084. |
| Gobla (2012) |
| Gobla (2012) |
| Tucker (2006) | |
| Thorne (n.d.) | |
| Gobla (2012) |
| Tucker (2006) |
| Gobla (2012) |
| www.christuckerminerals.com and Chris ... | |
| Chris Tucker Collection | |
| Gobla (2012) |
| Min News 21:7 p 1 | |
| Min News 20:6 pp11-12 |
| Rocks & Minerals 81:1 pp 20-33 |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| Chris Tucker |
| |
| Gobla (2012) | |
| Lanny Ream (2007) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Richard W. Thomssen +1 other reference |
| Robert M. Housley (2005) |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Dr. Robert Housley |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Haynes (2007) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Rocks & Minerals. Nov. 1999. | |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Kampf et al. (2006) | |
| David Fryauff Collection | |
| Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference | |
| Thorne (n.d.) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Smith et al. (2013) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Walstrom (n.d.) | |
| - (2005) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Rocks & Minerals. Nov. 1999. | |
| Jensen et al. (1995) |
| Rocks & Minerals. Nov. 1999. +2 other references | |
| - (2005) |
| NBMG Bull 64 Geology and Mineral ... |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Dr. William S. Wise presentation to ... |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| |
| - (2005) |
| NBMG Bull 73 Geology and Mineral ... | |
| NBMG Bull 73 Geology and Mineral ... +1 other reference | |
| NBMG Bull 73 Geology and Mineral ... |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Rocks and Minerals Volume 74 Number 6 |
| Marco Ciriotti collection (analysed by SEM-EDS, 2005) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Rocks & Minerals. Nov. 1999. +1 other reference |
| Stephen Stuart |
| Rocks & Minerals. Nov. 1999. |
| Rouse et al. (1984) +1 other reference |
| Dunn (1995) |
| Analysis performed by C. Emproto | |
| Dunn (1995) | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| D.Court collection | |
| collected by & in collection of Jay Penn |
| 2008 New Mexico Mineral Symposium ... |
| 2009 New Mexico Mineral Symposium ... |
| Walstrom (n.d.) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| R&M 77:5 p298-305 +1 other reference | |
| Twenty-fourth Annual New Mexico Mineral ... | |
| Rolf Luetcke | |
| R&M 77:5 p298-305 | |
| Min News 20:6 p8 |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Lasky (1947) +1 other reference |
| NMBMGMR Open-file Report - 532 |
| R&M 71:1 p66-68 |
| Anthony et al. (2000) | |
| Patrick Haynes. Self collected from the ... | |
| NMBMGMR Open-file Report - 532 | |
| Walstrom (n.d.) |
| Walstrom (n.d.) | |
| Walstrom (n.d.) | |
| Walstrom (n.d.) | |
| DeMark (1989) |
| Walstrom (n.d.) |
| Walstrom (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
| Steve Stuart collection- from 2011 ... | |
| Walstrom (n.d.) | |
| Jerry Cone Collection +1 other reference | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) +1 other reference |
| Walstrom 2006 New Mexico Mineral ... | |
| Walstrom (n.d.) |
| Jerry Cone Collection | |
| Eckhard D. Stuart - collection | |
| Jerry Cone Collection | |
| Henry L. Jicha (1954) +1 other reference |
| Henry L. Jicha (1954) | |
| NMBMMR New Mexico Mineral symposium (2001) |
| Don Saathoff collection | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| R&M 66:1 p56-63 |
| R&M 66:1 p56-63 | |
| Min News 21:7 p 12 | |
| Rocks & Min.: 64: 57. +3 other references | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| New Mexico Bureau of Geology Mineral ... |
| Smithsonian Institution Mineral ... |
| SEM/EDS 2-2018 |
| |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
| Dana 6:772 |
| smith 1885 +1 other reference | |
| |
| Smith et al. (2000) |
| Frank Karasti |
| Rocks & Min.: 60:111. | |
| Smith et al. (2000) |
| Roberts et al. (1965) | |
| Rocks & Min.:60:112. |
| Smith (1991) |
| Price (1983) | |
| Smith (1991) | |
| Smith (1991) | |
| Smith (1991) | |
| Rocks & Min. | |
| Rick Dalrymple Collection |
| Moore (2007) | |
| Butler (1913) | |
| |
| Collection of Alex Earl |
| Thorne (n.d.) | |
| Thorne (n.d.) | |
| Thorne (n.d.) | |
| Thorne (n.d.) | |
| MarekC (2019) | |
| Collected by John Dagenais |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Marty et al. (1993) |
| R&M 73:3 p196-201 | |
| Thorne (n.d.) |
| Thorne (n.d.) |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Thorne (n.d.) |
| Bullock (1981) +1 other reference | |
| Kokinos et al. (1993) |
| Thorne (n.d.) | |
| Kokinos et al. (1993) | |
| Kokinos et al. (1993) | |
| Thorne (n.d.) | |
| Bullock (1981) +1 other reference | |
| Rocks & Minerals 83:1 pp 52-62 +2 other references |
| Thorne (n.d.) | |
| Thorne (n.d.) | |
| Rick Dalrymple |
| Bullock (1981) |
| USGS Professional Paper 614-A +2 other references |
| Thorne (n.d.) |
| SEM EDS confirmed by Rob Bowell. | |
| King (n.d.) +2 other references |
| Randy Becker Collection |
| Cannon (1975) +1 other reference |
| Cannon (1975) |
Uzbekistan | |
| Badalov et al. (1976) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
Vietnam | |
Zambia | |
| Kampunzu et al. (2009) +1 other reference |
Zimbabwe | |
| Vetter et al. (1999) +2 other references |
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Pingtouling Mine, Liannan County, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China