engel

See also: Engel and əngəl

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch engel.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

engel (plural engele)

1. angel

Danish

Etymology

From Old Danish ængæl, from Old Norse engill (“angel”), from Old Saxon engil and/or Old English enġel, from Proto-West Germanic *angil, which is borrowed via Latin angelus, from Ancient Greek ἄγγελος (ángelos, “messenger”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɛŋəl]

Noun

engel c (singular definite englen or engelen, plural indefinite engle)

1. angel

Declension

Declension of engel

common gender	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	engel	englen engelen	engle	englene
genitive	engels	englens engelens	engles	englenes

Derived terms

• engleagtig
• engleblid
• englekor
• englelig
• engleskare
• englestemme
• englevinge
• skytsengel
• ærkeengel

References

• “engel” in Den Danske Ordbog
• “engel” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch engel, from Old Dutch engil, from Latin angelus, from Ancient Greek ἄγγελος (ángelos).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛŋəl/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: en‧gel
• Rhymes: -ɛŋəl

Noun

engel m (plural engelen, diminutive engeltje n)

1. angel

Derived terms

• aartsengel
• alsof er een engeltje op je tong piest
• beschermengel
• doodsengel
• engel des doods
• engelachtig
• engelbewaarder
• engelenbak
• engelengeduld
• engelenhaar
• engelenkoor
• engelenmis
• engelenzang
• engelin
• engelwortel
• worgengel

Descendants

• Afrikaans: engel
• Negerhollands: engel
• → Papiamentu: engel

Anagrams

• gelen
• legen

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch engil, from Latin angelus, from Ancient Greek ἄγγελος (ángelos).

Noun

engel m

1. angel, servant of God
2. fallen angel

Inflection

Strong masculine noun

	singular	plural
nominative	engel	engele
accusative	engel	engele
genitive	engels	engele
dative	engele	engelen

Alternative forms

• ingel

Descendants

• Dutch: engel
  • Afrikaans: engel
  • Negerhollands: engel
  • → Papiamentu: engel
• Limburgish: ingel

Further reading

• “inghel”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “engel (II)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page II

Middle English

Alternative forms

• ængel, angel
• ennꟑell (Ormulum)

Etymology

Inherited from Old English enġel, from Proto-West Germanic *angil, from Latin angelus, from Ancient Greek ἄγγελος (ángelos). Merged with aungel in later Middle English.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈeːnd͡ʒəl/ (from nominative singular enġel), /ˈɛnɡəl/ (from oblique engl-)

Noun

engel (plural engles) (Early Middle English)

1. An angel; a heavenly messenger of God (usually Christian):
2. (rare) A human messenger of God.

Declension

Declension of engel

	singular	plural
(nominative/accusative)	engel	engles
genitive	engles	englene, engles, engle
dative	engle1	englen, engle2

¹Optional; mostly fossilised after Early Middle English.
²Only found in Early Middle English and optional there.

References

• “aunǧel, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2 October 2018.

Middle High German

Etymology

Inherited from Old High German engil.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (before 13^th CE) /ˈenɡəl/

Noun

engel m

1. angel

Declension

Declension of engel (strong masculine without umlaut)

	singular			plural
	indef.	def.	noun	def.	noun
nominative	ein	dër	engel	die	engel, engele
genitive	eines	dës	engels, engeles	dër	engel, engele
dative	eime	dëm	engel, engele	dën	engeln, engelen
accusative	einen	dën	engel	die	engel, engele

Descendants

• Alemannic German: Ängel, Ängu

  Swabian: Engele

• Bavarian: Engl

  Cimbrian: énghel

• German: Engel
  • →? Yiddish: ענגעל (engel)
• Luxembourgish: Engel
• → Latvian: eņģelis

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἄγγελος (ángelos), via Old Norse engill.

Noun

engel m (definite singular engelen, indefinite plural engler, definite plural englene)

1. an angel

Derived terms

• skytsengel

References

• “engel” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἄγγελος (ángelos), via Old Norse engill.

Noun

engel m (definite singular engelen, indefinite plural englar, definite plural englane)

1. an angel

Derived terms

• skytsengel

References

• “engel” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English

Alternative forms

• anġel, ænġel, enġyl, enċġel

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *angil, borrowed from Latin angelus, itself borrowed from Ancient Greek ἄγγελος (ángelos, “messenger”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈen.jel/, [ˈen.d͡ʒel]

Noun

enġel m (nominative plural englas)

1. angel

   Slǣp þū swōte. Iċ hopiġe þæt þē mǣte be englum.

   Sleep well. I hope you dream about angels.

   • late 10th century, Ælfric, "Memory of the Saints"

     Seo eahteoðe leahter is superbia gehaten þæt is on ænglisc modigynss gecweden. Seo is ord and ende ælcere synne. Seo geworhte englas to atelicum deoflum...

     The eighth sin is called Superbia that is called Pride, in English, which is the beginning and end of every sin; it made angels into horrible devils,...

   • Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church

     Eft æt sumum sæle ætslād sē hālga wer on ðām hēalīcum gradum æt þām hālgum weofode, swā þæt hē fornēan eal wearð tōcwȳsed; ac on þǣre nihte hine ġelācnode God, ðurh his hālgan enġel, tō ansundre hǣle.

     Also, at a certain hall, the holy man slipped on the high steps at the holy altar, so that almost his whole body became bruised; but in the night, God restored him to full health through his holy angel.

   • c. 1000, Ælfric of Eynsham, transl., Hexameron of St. Basil‎^[1]:

     On ðām forman dæġe ūre drihten ġesċeōp seofonfealde weorc, ðæt wǣron ealle englas, and ðǣs lēohtes anġin, and ðæt antimber ðe hē of ġesċeōp syððan ġesċeafta, ðā upplīċan heofenan and ðā nyðerlīċan eorðan, ealle wætersċypas, and ða widgillan sǣ, and ðæt uppliċe lyft, eall on anū dæġe.

     On the first day our Lord created seven works, which were: all of angels; the beginning of light; the substance from which he later made all the creatures; the high heavens; the low earth; all the bodies of water; the wide ocean; and the lofty sky, all in a single day.

Declension

Strong a-stem:

	singular	plural
nominative	enġel	englas
accusative	enġel	englas
genitive	engles	engla
dative	engle	englum

Derived terms

• enġelcund
• enġelcyn
• enġellīċ
• hēahenġel
• heofonenġel

Descendants

• Middle English: engel, ængel, angel, ennꟑell (Ormulum)
• ⇒? Middle English: aungel, angel, angell, angyl, angyll, angylle, aungell, aungil, awngel (Late Middle English), angele, ongel (Early Middle English)
  • English: angel (see there for further descendants)
  • Middle Scots: angel, angell
    • Scots: angel

Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish انكل (engel). Possibly en +‎ gel or a borrowing from Persian انگل (angal).

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

engel (definite accusative engeli, plural engeller)

1. obstacle

Declension

Declension of engel

singular plural nominative engel engeller definite accusative engeli engelleri dative engele engellere locative engelde engellerde ablative engelden engellerden genitive engelin engellerin Possessive forms nominative singular plural 1st singular engelim engellerim 2nd singular engelin engellerin 3rd singular engeli engelleri 1st plural engelimiz engellerimiz 2nd plural engeliniz engelleriniz 3rd plural engelleri engelleri definite accusative singular plural 1st singular engelimi engellerimi 2nd singular engelini engellerini 3rd singular engelini engellerini 1st plural engelimizi engellerimizi 2nd plural engelinizi engellerinizi 3rd plural engellerini engellerini dative singular plural 1st singular engelime engellerime 2nd singular engeline engellerine 3rd singular engeline engellerine 1st plural engelimize engellerimize 2nd plural engelinize engellerinize 3rd plural engellerine engellerine locative singular plural 1st singular engelimde engellerimde 2nd singular engelinde engellerinde 3rd singular engelinde engellerinde 1st plural engelimizde engellerimizde 2nd plural engelinizde engellerinizde 3rd plural engellerinde engellerinde ablative singular plural 1st singular engelimden engellerimden 2nd singular engelinden engellerinden 3rd singular engelinden engellerinden 1st plural engelimizden engellerimizden 2nd plural engelinizden engellerinizden 3rd plural engellerinden engellerinden genitive singular plural 1st singular engelimin engellerimin 2nd singular engelinin engellerinin 3rd singular engelinin engellerinin 1st plural engelimizin engellerimizin 2nd plural engelinizin engellerinizin 3rd plural engellerinin engellerinin Predicative forms singular plural 1st singular engelim engellerim 2nd singular engelsin engellersin 3rd singular engel engeldir engeller engellerdir 1st plural engeliz engelleriz 2nd plural engelsiniz engellersiniz 3rd plural engeller engellerdir

Derived terms

• engellemek
• engelli

Further reading

• Kélékian, Diran (1911), “انكل”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 166a
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “engel”, in Nişanyan Sözlük