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Alutaguse, Ida-Viru County, Estoniai
Regional Level Types
AlutaguseMetallogenic Province
Ida-Viru CountyCounty
EstoniaCountry

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07938630017272439277269.jpg
Garnet Group, etc.

Alutaguse, Ida-Viru County, Estonia
09225420017272061701066.jpg
Pyrite, etc.

Alutaguse, Ida-Viru County, Estonia
02044830017362226556733.jpg
Sphalerite, etc.

Alutaguse, Ida-Viru County, Estonia
07938630017272439277269.jpg
Garnet Group, etc.

Alutaguse, Ida-Viru County, Estonia
09225420017272061701066.jpg
Pyrite, etc.

Alutaguse, Ida-Viru County, Estonia
01461290017272061802958.jpg
Sphalerite, etc.

Alutaguse, Ida-Viru County, Estonia
07938630017272439277269.jpg
Garnet Group, etc.

Alutaguse, Ida-Viru County, Estonia
02416450017272061722070.jpg
Pyrite, etc.

Alutaguse, Ida-Viru County, Estonia
Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
59° 7' 49'' North , 26° 57' 28'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
59.13041,26.95792
GRN:
N40E11
Type:
Metallogenic Province
Age:
~4600 to 541 ± 1.0 Ma
Geologic Time:
Precambrian
Köppen climate type:
Dfb : Warm-summer humid continental climate
Mindat Locality ID:
442255
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:442255:9
GUID (UUID V4):
0


The crystalline basement of Estonia formed during the Paleo- and Mesoproterozoic (1.93-1.54 billion years ago) and underwent multiple episodes related to the Svecofennian orogeny, from extensional phases with the formation of oceanic basalt to subduction and later collision stages. It consists mainly of Svecofennian metamorphic and igneous rocks, intruded by Rapakivi granites. The basement surface lies about 150 meters deep in northern Estonia and up to 800 meters deep in southern and southwestern Estonia, dipping southward at 2-4 m/km. The crust is covered by Neoproterozoic and Palaeozoic sedimentary layers, including sandstones, clays, and carbonate rocks; the overburden ranges in thickness from 100 to 800 meters in the southern part of the country.

The basement is subdivided into provinces following tectonic boundaries, such as the Paldiski-Pskov Shear Zone (PPDZ) and the Middle Estonian Fault Zone (MEFZ). These structures separate the amphibolite-facies crust in the north from granulite-facies blocks in the south and were repeatedly reactivated during the Mesoproterozoic. In northern Estonia, the Tallinn, Alutaguse, and Jõhvi domains host Paleoproterozoic volcanic-sedimentary successions, which were later intruded by granitoids dated at 1.92-1.88 Ga, such as the Märjamaa-Kloostri intrusions, related to A-type and Rapakivi magmatism. Metamorphic domains include Fe-Si-rich gneisses, magnetite-bearing units, and sulphide-graphite horizons forming a part of the Bergslagen-Southern Svecofennian (SS) metallogenic corridor.

The Alutaguse-Tallinn system represents a Svecofennian domain that is commonly compared with the Uusimaa Belt and the Bergslagen microcontinent for its northern part, and with the Central Finland Arc zone (CFAC) for its southern part.

Peculiarly, Alutaguse is composed of Al-C-rich paragneisses, with minor metavolcanic gneisses, pyroxene skarns, and intrusive rocks, recording high-temperature amphibolite-facies conditions(3-5 kbar). The zone is interpreted as a folded metasedimentary basin that was later deformed during the collisional stage.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Albite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
References:
Sophie Graul Identified by Ralph S Bottrill: XRD
ⓘ Albite var. Andesine
Formula: (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
References:
Sophie Graul Identified by Ralph S Bottrill: XRD
ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase
Formula: (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
References:
Sophie Graul Identified by Ralph S Bottrill: Visual Identification, XRD
ⓘ Almandine
Formula: Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3
References:
DEXPLORE project ongoing investigationsIdentified by Sophie Graul: XRD, XRF, EPMA, SEM-EDS
ⓘ 'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ 'Calcium Amphibole Subgroup'
Formula: AnCa2(Z2+5-mZ3+m)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
References:
DEXPLORE project ongoing investigationsIdentified by Sophie Graul: XRD, XRF, EPMA, SEM-EDS
ⓘ 'Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende'
Formula: AnCa2(Z2+5-mZ3+m)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
References:
DEXPLORE project ongoing investigationsIdentified by Sophie Graul: XRD, XRF, EPMA, SEM-EDS
ⓘ Chondrodite
Formula: Mg5(SiO4)2F2
References:
DEXPLORE project ongoing investigationsIdentified by Sophie Graul: XRD, XRF, EPMA, SEM-EDS
ⓘ Chrysotile
Formula: Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
References:
DEXPLORE project ongoing investigationsIdentified by Sophie Graul: XRD, XRF, EPMA, SEM-EDS
ⓘ Cordierite
Formula: Mg2Al4Si5O18
ⓘ 'Garnet Group'
Formula: X3Z2(SiO4)3
ⓘ Graphite
Formula: C
ⓘ Hydroxylclinohumite
Formula: Mg9(SiO4)4(OH)2
References:
DEXPLORE project ongoing investigationsIdentified by Sophie Graul: XRD, XRF, EPMA, SEM-EDS
ⓘ Muscovite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Orthoclase
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
References:
Sophie Graul Identified by Ralph S Bottrill: Visual Identification, XRD
ⓘ 'Plagioclase'
Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
References:
Sophie Graul Identified by Ralph S Bottrill: XRD
ⓘ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
ⓘ Pyrrhotite
Formula: Fe1-xS
ⓘ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ Sillimanite
Formula: Al2(SiO4)O
ⓘ Spessartine
Formula: Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3
References:
DEXPLORE project ongoing investigationsIdentified by Sophie Graul: XRD, XRF, EPMA, SEM-EDS
ⓘ Sphalerite
Formula: ZnS

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘGraphite1.CB.05aC
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘSphalerite2.CB.05aZnS
ⓘPyrrhotite2.CC.10Fe1-xS
ⓘPyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘQuartz4.DA.05SiO2
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘChrysotile9.00.Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
ⓘAlmandine9.AD.25Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3
ⓘSpessartine9.AD.25Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3
ⓘSillimanite9.AF.05Al2(SiO4)O
ⓘChondrodite9.AF.45Mg5(SiO4)2F2
ⓘHydroxylclinohumite9.AF.55Mg9(SiO4)4(OH)2
ⓘCordierite9.CJ.10Mg2Al4Si5O18
ⓘMuscovite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘOrthoclase9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘAlbite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
ⓘvar. Andesine9.FA.35(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
ⓘvar. Oligoclase9.FA.35(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Unclassified
ⓘ'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ'Calcium Amphibole Subgroup
var. Hornblende'		-AnCa2(Z2+5-mZ3+m)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
ⓘ'Plagioclase'-(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
ⓘ'Garnet Group'-X3Z2(SiO4)3
ⓘ'Calcium Amphibole Subgroup'-AnCa2(Z2+5-mZ3+m)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Hⓘ ChrysotileMg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
Hⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. HornblendeAnCa2(Z2+5-mZm3+)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
Hⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ HydroxylclinohumiteMg9(SiO4)4(OH)2
Hⓘ Calcium Amphibole SubgroupAnCa2(Z2+5-mZm3+)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
CCarbon
Cⓘ GraphiteC
OOxygen
Oⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ Albite var. Andesine(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Oⓘ AlmandineFe32+Al2(SiO4)3
Oⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Oⓘ ChrysotileMg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
Oⓘ ChondroditeMg5(SiO4)2F2
Oⓘ CordieriteMg2Al4Si5O18
Oⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. HornblendeAnCa2(Z2+5-mZm3+)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
Oⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Oⓘ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ SillimaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Oⓘ SpessartineMn32+Al2(SiO4)3
Oⓘ HydroxylclinohumiteMg9(SiO4)4(OH)2
Oⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Oⓘ Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
Oⓘ Calcium Amphibole SubgroupAnCa2(Z2+5-mZm3+)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
FFluorine
Fⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Fⓘ ChondroditeMg5(SiO4)2F2
Fⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. HornblendeAnCa2(Z2+5-mZm3+)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
Fⓘ Calcium Amphibole SubgroupAnCa2(Z2+5-mZm3+)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
NaSodium
Naⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Naⓘ Albite var. Andesine(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Naⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Naⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
MgMagnesium
Mgⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Mgⓘ ChrysotileMg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
Mgⓘ ChondroditeMg5(SiO4)2F2
Mgⓘ CordieriteMg2Al4Si5O18
Mgⓘ HydroxylclinohumiteMg9(SiO4)4(OH)2
AlAluminium
Alⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ Albite var. Andesine(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Alⓘ AlmandineFe32+Al2(SiO4)3
Alⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Alⓘ CordieriteMg2Al4Si5O18
Alⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. HornblendeAnCa2(Z2+5-mZm3+)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
Alⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Alⓘ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ SillimaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Alⓘ SpessartineMn32+Al2(SiO4)3
Alⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Alⓘ Calcium Amphibole SubgroupAnCa2(Z2+5-mZm3+)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
SiSilicon
Siⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ Albite var. Andesine(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Siⓘ AlmandineFe32+Al2(SiO4)3
Siⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Siⓘ ChrysotileMg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
Siⓘ ChondroditeMg5(SiO4)2F2
Siⓘ CordieriteMg2Al4Si5O18
Siⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. HornblendeAnCa2(Z2+5-mZm3+)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
Siⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Siⓘ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ QuartzSiO2
Siⓘ SillimaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Siⓘ SpessartineMn32+Al2(SiO4)3
Siⓘ HydroxylclinohumiteMg9(SiO4)4(OH)2
Siⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Siⓘ Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
Siⓘ Calcium Amphibole SubgroupAnCa2(Z2+5-mZm3+)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
SSulfur
Sⓘ PyriteFeS2
Sⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Sⓘ SphaleriteZnS
ClChlorine
Clⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. HornblendeAnCa2(Z2+5-mZm3+)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
Clⓘ Calcium Amphibole SubgroupAnCa2(Z2+5-mZm3+)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
KPotassium
Kⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Kⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kⓘ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
CaCalcium
Caⓘ Albite var. Andesine(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Caⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. HornblendeAnCa2(Z2+5-mZm3+)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
Caⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Caⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Caⓘ Calcium Amphibole SubgroupAnCa2(Z2+5-mZm3+)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
TiTitanium
Tiⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
MnManganese
Mnⓘ SpessartineMn32+Al2(SiO4)3
FeIron
Feⓘ AlmandineFe32+Al2(SiO4)3
Feⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Feⓘ PyriteFeS2
Feⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
ZnZinc
Znⓘ SphaleriteZnS

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate
EuropeContinent
Soviet Union (1922-1991)Country

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

Estonian Academy Publisher (1997) Geology and Mineral Resources of Estonia.
All, T, Kirs, J, Niin, M, Petersell, V, Puura, V, Soesoo, A (2004) Outlines of the Precambrian basement of Estonia. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Geology, 53 (3) 149 doi:10.3176/geol.2004.3.02
Soesoo, A., Košler, J., Kuldkepp, R. (2006) Age and geochemical constraints for partial melting of granulites in Estonia. Mineralogy and Petrology, 86 (3) 277-300 doi:10.1007/s00710-005-0110-8
Bogdanova, S., Gorbatschev, R., Skridlaite, G., Soesoo, A., Taran, L., Kurlovich, D. (2015) Trans-Baltic Palaeoproterozoic correlations towards the reconstruction of supercontinent Columbia/Nuna. Precambrian Research, 259. 5-33 doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2014.11.023
Соэсоо, Алвар, Нирги, Сиим, Пладо, Юри, Soesoo, Alvar, Nirgi, Siim, Plado, Jüri (2020) THE EVOLUTION OF THE ESTONIAN PRECAMBRIAN BASEMENT: GEOLOGICAL, GEOPHYSICAL AND GEOCHRONOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS. Proceedings of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences 2, 18 doi:10.17076/geo1185
Нирги, Сиим, Соэсоо, Алвар, Nirgi, Siim, Soesoo, Alvar (2021) GEOLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF A PALEOPROTEROZOIC IRON MINERALIZATION IN NORTH-EASTERN ESTONIA. Proceedings of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences 10, 25 doi:10.17076/geo1492
Soesoo, Alvar, Nirgi, Siim, Urtson, Kristjan, Voolma, Margus (2021) Geochemistry, mineral chemistry and pressure–temperature conditions of the Jõhvi magnetite quartzites and magnetite-rich gneisses, NE Estonia. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences, 70 (2). 71-93 doi:10.3176/earth.2021.05
Soesoo, Alvar, Bauert, Heikki (2023) CRITICAL RESOURCES AND POTENTIAL OF ESTONIAN PRECAMBRIAN AND PALEOZOIC ROCKS. Unpublished. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.31392.97282
Solano-Acosta, Juan David (2023) GEOCHEMISTRY, PROVENANCE, AND TECTONIC SETTING OF PALEOPROTEROZOIC METAVOLCANIC AND METASEDIMENTARY UNITS OF THE ALUTAGUSE ZONE, NORTH ESTONIA – A COMPARATIVE STUDY WITH THE SOUTH SVECOFENNIAN ZONE. TalTech Data Repository. doi:10.48726/6XN1T-1BR72
Solano-Acosta, Juan David, Soesoo, Alvar, Hints, Rutt (2023) New insights of the crustal structure across Estonia using satellite potential fields derived from WGM-2012 gravity data and EMAG2v3 magnetic data. Tectonophysics, 846. 229656 doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2022.229656
Solano Acosta, Juan David; Graul, Sophie; Soesoo, Alvar; Hints, Rutt; Vind, Johannes; Liivamägi, Sirle (2026) Exploration of critical elements in the concealed North Estonian basement and its Eastern Fennoscandian context. European Federation of Geologists. doi:10.5281/ZENODO.18978768
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