Most research on women’s empowerment in agriculture focuses on households that rely on crop farming activities and livestock systems. Despite an estimated 12 million dairy farms in the Global South, less is known about women’s empowerment in dairy farming. Recognising the unique structure of dairy production, we adapted the Abbreviated Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (A-WEAI) to include dairy-specific tasks across four domains: production, resources, income, and leadership, offering an adapted tool to examine women’s empowerment in dairy farming. This study (...) draws on survey data from 435 husband-wife couples in smallholder dairy households in West Java Province, Indonesia. Using a modified A-WEAI, our calculation suggests that, although both women and men in dairy households are generally empowered, women exhibit higher levels of empowerment than men. However, looking at the individual indicators that construct the index, women are less empowered in specific domains. For example, in the leadership domain, women participate less in dairy cooperatives, which provide key services such as access to market, inputs and training. Sensitivity analysis using different thresholds (80%, 70%, and 60%) showed that while women’s empowerment levels remained unchanged, men’s varied considerably. This variation reflects the key role women play in managing household income in Southeast Asian societies, highlighting the importance of context-specific interpretation of metrics. These findings reflect the gendered division of responsibilities in dairy farming households and highlight the need to adapt women’s empowerment indicators to specific farming systems and interpret them within the local institutional and cultural contexts in which they are measured. (shrink)

Khalafzai, Rida Usman Female genital mutilation (FGM) is thought to be a custom practiced for the subjugation of women. The significance of FGM for practicing communities, however, is much more profound. The best hope of eradicating this practice lies in the recognition and comprehension of its cultural and social meanings.

No es extraño que los antinatalistas consideren a Schopenhauer como uno de sus referentes inmediatos (básicamente, por su visión pesimista de la vida y del mundo), pero el tema ha recibido nula atención por parte de los especialistas en el autor (quizá debido a su aparente carácter secundario). Con el crecimiento de la literatura sobre este asunto, que podríamos calificar de vertiginoso, parece que se hace necesaria una lectura sistemática, interna, que examine la adecuación de dicha relación entre la filosofía (...) de la voluntad y el antinatalismo. Eso es lo que trataremos de hacer aquí. Sin embargo, la respuesta será negativa. Atendiendo a aspectos fundamentales del pensamiento de Schopenhauer acerca de la procreación y del nacimiento, difícilmente podremos decir que él sea un antinatalista en el sentido contemporáneo del término, es decir, un antiprocreacionista. Lo que sigue, entonces, servirá tanto para comprender realmente su postura como para que los antinatalistas conozcan mejor a sus aliados. (shrink)

En la 'Entrevista sobre la mecanología', Jean Le Moyne interroga a Simondon por lo que a su juicio es una asombrosa relación entre el problema de la individuación y el estudio de los objetos técnicos. Nuestro autor vacila, e intentando remontarse a la génesis de su investigación, ofrece una primera respuesta dubitativa y ciertamente misteriosa: «siempre hay azares universitarios». A esta sigue una segunda respuesta, clara y distinta: el objeto técnico se inscribe en la problemática de la individuación en la (...) medida en que es el resultado de la "constitución" de una unidad. La primera respuesta alude a lo que en filosofía de la ciencia ha venido a llamarse, tradicionalmente, el contexto de descubrimiento o invención. La segunda remite a la lógica a la que ha dado luz la génesis de ciertos conceptos. Lo que nos interesa es, evidentemente, dicha lógica ontogenética. En este sentido, la obra que Simondon dedica a la individuación, ILFI, y la obra que dedica a los objetos técnicos, MEOT, participan, en cuanto realidades ya individuadas, de una misma génesis conceptual. Esa unidad de génesis conlleva tanto una unidad temática como una unidad programática, precisamente porque su tema es también su propia tarea. Esta tarea y este tema son la tarea y el tema que caracterizan el pensamiento filosófico según Simondon. Al menos, añadiremos nosotros, para la filosofía que habla en griego. Se trata de la búsqueda y axiomatización de la ontogénesis. Va de suyo, en efecto, que esa axiomatización no consiste en una formalización lógico-matemática. Es la definición de principios, e invención de postulados, que apunta, mediante la analogía, a la estructura real de un sistema de individuación. Ahora bien, ¿cómo se inscribe en ella el objeto técnico? (shrink)

En un brevísimo texto sin fecha, 'Optimismo y Pesimismo', Gilbert Simondon (2018) propone una nueva manera de abordar el problema del pesimismo, un enfoque que no trata de tomar este como el resultado de una actitud, ni tampoco como un sistema de pensamiento. Las páginas que siguen las dedicaremos a exponer en qué consiste el pesimismo entendido como conducta y a pensar cómo puede plantearse la integración de la misma en una filosofía de la individuación, esto es, cómo puede ser (...) un elemento clave de su desarrollo. Así, reconsideraremos la relación que guarda el fenómeno de la angustia con la constitución de lo transindividual y, asimismo, exploraremos la relación entre un «pesimismo» que busca prolongar y rebasar el pesimismo, un transpesimismo, y el pesimismo de la fuerza de Nietzsche como su antecedente. A la luz de todo esto, el problema del pesimismo aparecerá, en última instancia, como un problema de energía psicológica, de alimentación, y su resolución como la cuestión cibernética o allagmática de su organización e in-formación. (shrink)

Khalafzai, Rida Usman A summary of Getting Real: Challenging the Sexualisation of Girls, the book edited by Melinda Tankard Reist on the issue of early sexualisation of girls.

Khalafzai, Rida Usman Obesity is the bane of modern times. Its ever-rising incidence and the frequent lack of success of conventional weight loss methods, has lead to the evolution of surgical weight loss techniques. Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding (LAGB) is one such procedure aimed at assisting in the loss of weight in obese individuals for whom traditional methods have failed.

Khalafzai, Rida Usman The legalization of egg donation for medical research has resulted in the use of assisted reproductive techniques for the creation of embryos for research. This carries significant risks for the women undergoing these procedures and has brought humankind to a major ethical and moral crossroads.

Khalafzai, Rida Usman The prevalence of eating disorders is increasing. This article provides an overview of these disorders and explores the biological and social conditions that influence their development.

Khalafzai, Rida Usman; Hameed, Imran Obstetric fistula is the most devastating complication of parturition. The impact of this ailment extends beyond physical morbidity, with immense social repercussions for the women who suffer from it.

Khalafzai, Rida Usman This article explores race as a social construct, discrimination based on race, and its impact on health.

Khalafzai, Rida Usman In this era, health has been redefined. The emphasis has shifted from the individual-focussed bio-medical model to a preventative model of collective health. This model of public health often challenges the concept of individual autonomy, the basis of human rights, in the name of the greater good. This article explores the relationship between public health and human rights, and the need for a public health ethic based on the principles of human rights.

Khalafzai, Rida Usman Harms of alcohol consumption are not limited to the consumer. For women, it poses a significant threat to their unborn child. This article discusses one type of alcohol-related harm to the fetus: the fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD).

Khalafzai, Rida Usman There is currently much debate about the medical and ethical issues related to male circumcision. This article explores this controversial subject in the light of current research.

Van Balen (2026) argues that instead of striving for “naturalness” in user experiences of bi-directional Brain-Computer Interfaces, a more appropriate aim would be transparency, where the technolog...

El problema de la unidad temática en Gilbert Simondon es una de las cuestiones más discutidas en la literatura sobre el autor. Este libro ofrece una clave de lectura. Se recupera la unidad programática de los textos, el programa de la axiomatización de la ontogénesis, y partiendo de la imagen que encierra el esquema del modulador, el paradigma elemental de la filosofía de la individuación, se elabora una noción paradigmática que permite interpretar esta unidad en comunicación con la unidad temática (...) en una unidad de génesis: la génesis de esa axiomatización como el esbozo de una teoría de los campos morfogenéticos, o campos de forma. La propia noción de relación abre esta vía. La filosofía de Simondon se convierte en una tecnología epistemológica, una razón filosófica abocada a nuevos paradigmas, y también en una metafilosofía, una filosofía de la historia de la filosofía. Rehabilitamos así un pensamiento ucrónico y retrofuturista para un simondonismo contemporáneo y extemporáneo. -/- . (shrink)

_A translation of Muhammad Rashid Rida’s best-known work, which examines the compatibility of Islamic political and legal tradition with modern thought_ Muhammad Rashid Rida (1865–1935) was a prominent Muslim intellectual and reformer. Born in a village near Tripoli in present-day Lebanon, he was renowned for his founding of _Al-Manar_, an independent and successful Islamic magazine in which he published _The Caliphate or Supreme Imamate_ as a series beginning in 1922. The work showcased Rida’s faith in the Islamic (...) tradition as the origin of notions such as self-determination and popular sovereignty, as well as his opposition to Western politics. A realist, he nevertheless argued that a revived Caliphate was viable and held the keys to Muslim empowerment and universal salvation. This skillful translation by Simon A. Wood will make _The Caliphate or Supreme Imamate_ accessible for the first time to English-speaking scholars and students of political theory and the modern Middle East. (shrink)

La cuestión de la educación es fundamental para el utopismo enciclopédico de Gilbert Simondon. Sin embargo, se trata de un aspecto de su pensamiento relativamente inexplorado. En este escrito, se presenta de un modo sumario la propuesta simondoniana, poniendo énfasis en sus implicaciones para la filosofía de la individuación. Después de esto, trataremos de ver el rumbo que ha tomado, décadas después, el mundo de la educación en Europa. Para ello tendremos muy en cuenta los diagnósticos que dio en vida (...) Bernard Stiegler, su continuador más fecundo. El panorama se mostrará, empero, profundamente desesperanzador, en las antípodas de la reforma de Simondon. La escuela, eclipsada por el bombardeo incesante del psicomarketing de las industrias de programas, se habría vuelto ella misma un dispositivo de proletarización y desclasamiento, con márgenes de indeterminación cada vez más menguantes. Nuestras consideraciones concluyen con una pregunta: ¿puede la escuela volver a ser una tecnología para la producción de una mayor energía psicológica, para el establecimiento y conservación de circuitos colectivos de individuaciones transindividuales? (shrink)

To determine the effectiveness of current ethical teaching and to suggest ways to reform the current ethical curriculum in light of students’ perspectives and experiences. Students of Dow Medical College were selected for this cross-sectional study conducted between the year 2020 till 2023. The sample size was 387, calculated by OpenEpi. A questionnaire consisting of 17 close-ended questions was used to collect data from participants selected via stratified random sampling. The questionnaire consisted of two parts. The first part included the (...) demographics. While the second contained 15 questions designed to assess the participants’ current teaching of ethics and effective ways to further improve it. The data obtained were analyzed using IBM SPSS statistics 26. Out of the 376 students who gave consent, the majority of the respondents (64.6%) encountered situations where they felt that their current teaching of ethics was insufficient and (54%) believed that the current teaching of ethics could be improved and made further effective. Practical sessions, PBLs (problem-based learning), case analysis, and ward visits were some of the ways the participants believed could help improve the teaching of medical ethics. Most students (92.8%) agreed that external factors like burnout and excessive workload have an impact on medical professionals’ ethical practices. In light of our study, a refined curriculum with a focus on ethical teaching must be established, with input from students to ensure that the medical students have the necessary expertise to manage an ethical dilemma. (shrink)

A menudo se discute cómo cifrar el alcance de la herencia de Kant en la metafísica de Schopenhauer. Del corazón y sustancia de su Tebas de las mil puertas, la ética, Aramayo cree oportuno tomarla como una radicalización del formalismo kantiano. A mi juicio, para delimitar qué hay de continuidad, y qué de ruptura, es necesario hacer un examen atento del puente que conduce de uno a otro. En este sentido, la crítica dedicada a Kant en Sobre el fundamento de (...) la moral no ocupa un lugar accidental en su pensamiento único, pues contiene lo que le falta al apéndice crítico de su obra principal respecto al objeto que nos ocupa. Desde el análisis de conceptos hasta las lecturas genealógicas que se presentan en esta polémica, un mismo propósito subyace: la depuración del concepto de racionalidad práctica como solución a las aporías y los escollos del legado ético kantiano. (shrink)

The theory of sociotechnical imaginaries (STIs) has become one of the leading theories or paradigms in the social sciences for analysing technological change and the resulting societal transformations. Promising a non-deterministic, agency-centred account of technologically mediated societal change, this perspective has gained traction across multiple fields, from Science and Technology Studies to energy research to science communication. This paper develops a theoretical critique of the theory of STIs and assesses the extent to which it represents a realistic account of technological (...) change in contemporary societies. It will be demonstrated that the theory of STIs neither provides new and relevant insights into the ‘social embeddedness’ of technology, nor offers a compelling account of its own object of study, namely, sociotechnical imaginaries. It will also be shown that this perspective suffers from several conceptual and methodological shortcomings, resulting in ambivalent and inconsistent perspectives, as well as empirical analyses marked by confirmation bias. Finally, consideration will be given to how the theory’s own premises deprive it of any political potential in relation to the collective control of technology and technological change. (shrink)

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that Science Communication inheres to the capitalist relations of production. By making use of Marxist dialectics, the enquiry will elucidate the enquiry will elucidate that capital creates the gap between science and society that Science Communication is deemed to bridge, for capitalism deprives workers of the ‘intellectual potencies of the material process of production’ and makes both impossible and meaningless for them to appropriate scientific knowledge in a direct, unmediated manner. Along these (...) lines, the paper will revisit the long-standing ‘deskilling-upskilling debate’ in order to shed light on what specific workers’ productive attributes form the material basis on which Science Communication grounded. I conclude that the existence of Science Communication responds to the fact that workers are devoid of any control over the social qualitative content of their work – the purpose and the mode of the labouring activity. In other words, Science Communication is premised on the limited form taken by the productive consciousness capital equips workers with in order just to reproduce itself. (shrink)

Las aulas son contextos donde las emociones forman parte del proceso de aprendizaje. Las habilidades emocionales del docente son claves para fomentar ambientes de aprendizaje positivo. Pero ¿Cómo ayudan al profesorado y al alumnado?, ¿Cómo podemos mejorar las habilidades emocionales?, ¿Qué programas existen? Este trabajo aporta evidencias y recomendaciones útiles para el desarrollo de programas de inteligencia emocional con docentes.

This article theorizes the relationship between two ways of “seeing” and organizing urban mobility markets: the abstract, algorithmic vision of the mobility platform and the experiential, relational vision of the platform driver. Using the case of mobility platforms in Jakarta, we empirically demonstrate how drivers experience the limitations of the platform's visions and how they deploy their own alternative visions of work and the city. We offer this drivers’ “View from Within” as a counterpoint to the visions of the platform, (...) decentering the platform's visions as the sole arbiter of change and optimization in the city. At the same time, we disrupt the assumed binary between these views, showing how they exist in a complex dance of complementarity and contestation. We conclude with a discussion on the opportunities this entanglement presents for worker agency in the algorithmic market, the hurdles toward more “worker centered design” in platform economies and the tensions between globalizing technological solutions and their localized instantiations. Through this article, we argue for seeing deep, embedded relationships as culturally and historically important modes of urban life which technology has to interact with but cannot fully capture nor do away with. (shrink)

Es escasa la investigación sobre las competencias necesarias para educar eficazmente en los primeros años de vida, y sobre los factores que influyen en la adquisición de una identidad docente de calidad para trabajar en Educación Infantil (EI). Los resultados de la presente revisión integradora apuntan que (1) el profesorado excelente de EI atiende a la diversidad de su alumnado, (2) las comunidades de práctica contribuyen a la adquisición de una identidad docente excelente, y (3) ciertas deficiencias en los programas (...) de formación docente y determinados factores contextuales obstaculizan un desempeño docente excelente. (shrink)

There is a paucity of studies addressing the nature of the social relations of production prevailing in academia prior to the commodification of academic research. By filling that gap, this paper enables us to better understand the historical presuppositions from which the process of knowledge commodification in academia has evolved. Our theoretically informed analysis will focus on peer review, given that it is one of the few academic practices where traces of that historical past can still be found. On the (...) basis of Marx’s exposition of the main features of pre-capitalist social relations of production in the Grundrisse, it will be concluded that peer review reveals that social relations of production in academia were of a pre-capitalist, or natural-like, nature: peer review is labour of a direct nature; is the practice through which the academic community mediates its own reproduction, determining how – and, sometimes, if – its members enter into contact with the objective conditions of production; finally, in this latter capacity, peer review presupposes that the academic community relates to the conditions of knowledge production as though they were their collective property. These findings are employed to account for the underlying logics of the ongoing ‘functional transformation’ of peer review. (shrink)

Mucho se ha escrito sobre la imposibilidad de representar el Holocausto como quiebra en el proceso civilizador. Sin embargo, la convocatoria al silencio pronto fue rota por una controversia de relatos que difieren en sí sustancialmente. Desde entonces, el debate sobre la pertinencia de narraciones de corte realista, melodramática o cómica, cuando no fantástica, su legitimidad o ilegitimidad y el uso de material de archivo en los filmes sigue generando importantes dudas a la hora de abarcar la representatividad del horror. (...) Precisamente, al ser una cuestión de extremada sensibilidad para la historia en general y la europea en particular, el Holocausto no deja de interpelarnos con nuevos y antiguos interrogantes. Preguntas que se agudizan más si cabe a la hora de seleccionar fragmentos o filmes para trabajarlos desde el aula.. (shrink)

Es escasa la investigación sobre las competencias necesarias para educar eficazmente en los primeros años de vida, y sobre los factores que influyen en la adquisición de una identidad docente de calidad para trabajar en Educación Infantil (EI). Los resultados de la presente revisión integradora apuntan que (1) el profesorado excelente de EI atiende a la diversidad de su alumnado, (2) las comunidades de práctica contribuyen a la adquisición de una identidad docente excelente, y (3) ciertas deficiencias en los programas (...) de formación docente y determinados factores contextuales obstaculizan un desempeño docente excelente. (shrink)

We are facing a time of profound political instability, environmental crisis and a clear distrust of the democratic system. In this situation, authoritarian positions appear to be gaining ground, promising hope and security in response to the uncertainty and precariousness of the present moment. The left’s traditional strategies have become obsolete, and the alternatives for new ecological transitions seem unconvincing to those who are largely excluded from the system. In this situation, the following special issue proposes local political prefiguration as (...) a democratic repertoire that allows us to act in the present in order to imagine the societies of tomorrow. Specifically, it presents three contributions from which to reflect on past and present political prefigurations, taking into account historical and contemporary forms of organisation and institutionalisation that envisage a new emancipatory order within and beyond the state. (shrink)

This article grasps the coercive character often associated to research impact metrics, in the wake of the ever-growing use of quantitative indicators for the evaluation of the academic performance. It does so by taking a Marxian perspective which underscores what are the historically determined attributes of academic labour that the functioning of impact metrics embodies, unfolding thereby what ‘impact’ really means concerning said social attributes of the scientific enterprise. Science communication via social media, and the array of metrics and indicators (...) surrounding it, known as alternative metrics or altmetrics, are taken as a case study. This study concludes that the coercive nature of research impact metrics is grounded on the private and independent character taken by social labour in capitalist production, an historically determined form of the social reproduction that asks for academic production to be organised and regulated in an indirect fashion, behind the backs of producers themselves – in the particular case of science, by means of quantitative indicators and performance metrics. As research impact metrics bear the power to determine how and to what extent academic labourers contribute to the general productive process, their will and consciousness become thus subsumed to such reified social subject. (shrink)

This paper addresses the impact that the ever-growing involvement of scientists in knowledge-sharing practices by means of social media might have on the material conditions under which academic labour-power reproduces itself. Science communication is advocated for on the basis of its supposedly altruistic character, so scientists are prevented from expecting any form of remuneration ensuing from it. However, as our Marxian-informed analysis of the determinations of the value of the commodity labour-power will elucidate, this novel duty involves the exertion of (...) an additional quantity of work by academics, owing either to the relative complexation of the productive attributes requisite to use social media efficiently, or, particularly, to the accelerated pace at which scientists’ working capacity becomes productively consumed, both in absolute (extension of working hours) and in relative (work intensification) terms. It will be demonstrated that, as science communication via social media brings about an increase in the value of scientific labour power, wages must be raised so as to preserve science labourers in their normal condition. The article will further throw into relief that the political action of scientists themselves stands as the more general mediation for this innermost necessity of the capitalistic relationship of production to assert itself. (shrink)

Forced migration changes people’s lives and their sense of self-continuity fundamentally. One memory-based mechanism to protect the sense of self-continuity and psychological well-being is autobiographical meaning making, enabling individuals to explain change in personality and life by connecting personal experiences and other distant parts of life to the self and its development. Aiming to replicate and extend prior research, the current study investigated whether autobiographical meaning making has the potential to support the sense of self-continuity in refugees. We therefore collected (...) life narratives from 31 refugees that were coded for autobiographical reasoning, self-event connections, and global narrative coherence. In line with prior research, results suggest that autobiographical meaning making relates to a higher sense of self-continuity and less psychological distress. Yet, if refugees experienced many continuing postdisplacement stressors in addition to their forced displacement, autobiographical meaning making was associated with higher self-discontinuity and greater psychological distress, especially with trauma-related symptoms such as memory intrusion and hyperarousal. Altogether, results indicate that autobiographical meaning making helps to compensate the effects of extreme biographical disruptions on the sense of self-continuity, as long as the stress caused by the biographical change is not overwhelming or too protracted. (shrink)

Este artículo aborda la relación del discurso creado en los años cuarenta en distintas instituciones científicas españolas y las prácticas coloniales sobrellevadas en el África Hispana, en este caso concreto, en Guinea Ecuatorial. El trabajo partirá desde el concepto de raza como hilo conductor de dicha relación, tal y como aparece en las fuentes y en los discursos coloniales, asociado a la literatura científica y a la producción de representaciones visuales. Se tratará de una reflexión teórica en torno al discurso (...) científico, al colonialismo y al racismo como construcciones culturales, a través, principalmente, de las imágenes en clave comparada y con una dimensión global. Se traerán a colación relevantes ejemplos que representan estas prácticas: el fondo fotográfico de los geólogos Hernández-Pacheco y su visión del paisaje; las fotografías de infraestructuras de Jaime Nosti y las fotografías naturales de Emilio Guinea. El articulo persigue aplicar nuevos enfoques en torno a la cimentación del africanismo español a través de la ciencia y, en definitiva, analizar una nueva perspectiva, desde los estudios visuales, de los relatos y de las acciones colonialistas que los naturalistas llevaron a cabo en estos territorios a raíz de sus viajes y estudios científicos entre los años cuarenta del siglo XX. (shrink)