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| Summary | Broadly construed, animal ethics is an area of inquiry and debate that focuses on a variety of approaches to assessing the moral status of nonhuman animals. One of the main approaches in contemporary scholarship is deontological and argues for strict rights for animals on the grounds that they are subjects-of-a-life (Tom Regan) and thus possess inherent worth; such views often seek to expand Kant's ascription of inherent worth to rational agents so that it applies to all sentient beings. Other views, including those of some secular naturalists, seek to ascribe moral status to animals not on the basis of inherent worth but on the basis of capacities shared by all sentient beings. Another main approach encompasses a variety of views that tend to be "welfarist" in the sense that they do not seek to ascribe strict right to animals but instead argue that certain actions performed against animals (such as killing them or using them as sources of milk or eggs) are permissible as long as human beings perform them in a humane manner. Welfarist views are generally utilitarian in character, being based on calculations of the quantity of harm that can be done to a given living being, and they tend to assert hierarchies in which beings that are cognitively more sophisticated can be harmed in ways in which beings that are cognitively less sophisticated cannot; on the basis of such hierarchization, welfarist views typically ascribe moral superiority to human beings over nonhuman animals, although they also tend to avoid a speciesistic privileging of all human beings over all nonhuman animals on the grounds that some nonhuman animals are cognitively superior to some human beings. Thus thinkers such as Peter Singer argue that self-conscious beings have a stronger claim to life than non-self-conscious beings, where self-conscious beings are defined as those that can conceptualize the past, present, and future of their lives as one coherent whole. (Summary written by Gary Steiner and Erwin Lengauer) |
| Key works | Armstrong, Susan / Botzler, Richard (ed.) ²2008. The Animal Ethics Reader - (AER). 2nd Edition. London; New York, NY, Routledge. Beauchamp, Tom L. / Frey, Raymond G. (eds.) 2011. The Oxford Handbook of Animal Ethics. Oxford, Oxford University Press. Bekoff, Marc (ed.) 2010. Encyclopedia of Animal Rights and Animal Welfare. 2 Volume Set. Santa Barbara, CA, Greenwood Press, Imprint of ABC - Clio. Cavalieri, Paola 2001. The Animal Question: Why Non-Human Animals Deserve Human Rights. Oxford, Oxford University Press. Chapouthier, Georges (ed.) 1998. The Universal Declaration of Animal Rights: Comments and Intentions. Paris, Ligue Francaise des Droit de l´Animal. DeGrazia, David (1996). Taking Animals Seriously. Mental Life and Moral Status. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Dombrowski, Daniel A. 1997. Babies and Beasts: The Argument from Marginal Cases. Urbana, IL, University of Illinois Press. Francione, Gary 2008. Animals as Persons: Essays on the Abolition of Animal Exploitation. New York, NY, Columbia University Press. Garner, Robert 2005. The Political Theory of Animal Rights (Perspectives on Democratization). Manchester, Manchester University Press. Kalof, Linda / Fitzgerald, Amy (eds.). 2007. The Animals Reader: The Essential Classic and Contemporary Writings. Oxford, Berg. Munro, Lyle 2005. Confronting Cruelty. Moral Orthodoxy and the Challenge of the Animal Rights Movement. Human-Animal Studies. (Dissertation). Leiden, Brill Academic. Palmer, Clare (ed.) 2008. Animal Rights. Clare Palmer. Series: The International Library of Essays on Rights. Aldershot, GB, Ashgate Publishing Company. Pluhar, Evelyn 1995. Beyond Prejudice. The Moral Significance of Human and Nonhuman Animals. Durham, NC, Duke University Press. Regan, Tom 1983. The Case for Animal Rights. Berkeley, CA, University of California Press. Rollin, Bernard ²1992. Animal Rights and Human Morality. Amherst, Prometheus. Rowlands, Mark ²2009. Animal Rights. Moral Theory and Practice. London, Macmillan Press. Sapontzis, Steve F. 1987, ²1992. Morals, Reason and Animals. Philadelphia, PA, Temple University Press. Singer, Peter 1975, ²1990. Animal Liberation. A New Ethics for our Treatment of Animals. New York, NY, New York Review of Book. Singer, Peter (ed.) 2006. In Defense of Animals. The Second Wave. Malden, Blackwell. Steiner, Gary 2008. Animals and the Moral Community: Mental Life, Moral Status, and Kinship. New York, NY, Columbia University Press. Steiner, Gary. 2013. Animals and the Limits of Postmodernism. New York: Columbia University Press. |
| Introductions | Regan, Tom 2001. Animals, treatment
of. In: Becker, Lawrence (ed.). Encyclopedia of Ethics. New York, Routledge:
70-74 (on page 72 about Inherentism)
Regan, Tom ³2004. Animal Welfare and Rights. In: Post, Stephen (ed.). Encyclopedia of Bioethics. 3. edition. New York, NY, Macmillan. E-Book Version Wilson, Scott 2010. Animals and Ethics In: Fieser, James (ed.). Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Martin, TN, The University of Tennessee at Martin. – Wise, Steve M. 2011. animal rights. Encyclopaedia Britannica: Retrieved from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/25760/animal-rights |
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Animal Well-Being (131)
Speciesism (280)
Vegetarianism (477)
Animal Experimentation (505)
Animal Captivity (351)
Domestic Animals (290)
Moral Status of Animals (918)
Animal Ethics, Misc (433)
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- Why It Is Wrong to Promote Alpha-Gal Syndrome: A Response to Crutchfield and Hereth.Rainer Ebert & Christian Koeder - 2026 - Bioethics.Crutchfield and Hereth have proposed the deliberate promotion of tick-borne alpha-gal syndrome (AGS)—a condition typically causing red meat allergy—as a strategy to reduce meat consumption and hence animal suffering. While we share their concern for the ethical treatment of nonhuman animals, we argue that their proposal is morally indefensible and counterproductive. First, we challenge the empirical assumption that inducing AGS would reduce overall animal suffering. Evidence suggests that most people who avoid red meat increase their intake of poultry and fish, (...)
- Per un'ontologia antispecista.Andrea Munforte - 2020 - Liberazioni - Rivista di Critica Antispecista 41:14-25.This contribution argues that an antispeciesist ethics requires an ontological foundation capable of justifying the overturning of ordinary practices of exploitation of non-human animals. Against the humanist axiom that ties moral dignity to logos and self-consciousness, the article shows how this criterion produces exclusions internal to "humanity" itself and fuels hierarchies. Taking the Benthamian question concerning suffering as a turning point, the discussion employs the Derridean tools of trace and différance to describe auto-affection as a general structure of the living: (...)
- Sentience matters, but we don’t know how much: Comments on Jonathan Birch, The Edge of Sentience. [REVIEW]Neil Levy - manuscriptJonathan Birch provides the best and most comprehensive assessment of which entities we ought to think might be sentient. This is a major achievement. However, he is less successful in his aim of developing proposals that are designed to respect our obligations to sentient entities. I argue that we don’t currently know much sentience matters for entities or across entities, and how much it matters relative to other things that also matter morally.
- The Jurisprudence of Contradiction: Mapping the Divergence Between Constitutional Claim and Sovereign Conduct.Sahar Soltani - 2026 - Dawn of Verity Strategic Intelligence Bureau.This forensic alert identifies the jurisprudential contradiction between China’s constitutional claim of Ecological Civilization and its operative record concerning vulnerable life, enforcement selectivity, systemic trafficking, protection failure, and sovereign conduct. Standard geopolitical risk models may classify this divergence as policy inconsistency, implementation failure, or reputational exposure. The Soltani Order diagnostic sequence classifies it differently: as a legal-civilizational contradiction capable of registering as Civilizational Fraud when the state’s own moral-legal language reverses into evidence against its asserted legitimacy. This alert does not (...)
- South Korea Under Custodial Review: Strategic Intelligence Assessment on Image Power, Sovereign Vulnerability, and the Protection Test.Sahar Soltani - 2026 - Dawn of Verity Press.South Korea occupies a uniquely exposed position in the modern sovereign order. Its global influence rests not only on economic strength, technological advancement, cultural export, and alliance value, but on the credibility of the image it projects to the world. -/- Image power creates a higher test. The more visible a state becomes, the more visible its contradictions become. Public prestige cannot substitute for internal coherence. Cultural sophistication cannot conceal unresolved vulnerability. External admiration cannot, by itself, establish moral authority. -/- (...)
- Private Strategic Intelligence Notice: China’s Path to Real Ecological Civilization.Sahar Soltani - 2026 - Dawn of Verity Strategic Intelligence Bureau.This notice records the availability by confidential inquiry for a private strategic intelligence document concerning China’s ecological civilization doctrine, protection failure, criminal impunity, sovereign leakage, and civilizational recognition. The full strategic intelligence document is not publicly available.
- The International Law Fallacy, Volume III: The Kairos of the International Disorder.Sahar Soltani - 2026 - Dawn of Verity Strategic Intelligence Bureau.This volume delivers the final judgment of The International Law Fallacy trilogy. Volume I carried out the audit of the international legal order on the terms it claimed for itself. Volume II entered and closed the evidentiary record. This final volume does not reopen that record but delivers judgment on what has already been proved. -/- The central finding is that international law does not exist as a materially universal law. Not as a weak law, a corrupted law, or a (...)
- Ethics Without Separation: Structural Normativity Under Consciousness-First Metaphysics.Bruno Tonetto - manuscriptHarming another is consciousness damaging itself through the dissociative boundary that makes the other appear as not-self. Standard ethical frameworks miss this because they presuppose ontological separation — morality, on their picture, must bridge a gap between fundamentally distinct beings. Under analytic idealism, the gap dissolves. Individual minds are dissociated aspects of one consciousness; the boundary between self and other is real but not ultimate; ethical failure is not malice or weakness of will but a failure of perception — the (...)
- Review of The Edge of Sentience: Risk and Precaution in Humans, Other Animals, And AI, by Jonathan Birch. [REVIEW]Carrie Figdor - 2026 - The Quarterly Review of Biology 101 (2):148-149.The Edge of Sentience is a manifesto for a nonpartisan think tank. Jonathan Birch seeks to leverage public consensus onamoral duty to avoid causing gratuitous suffering in order to advance welfare protections for entities where scientific consensus regarding their sentience is lacking. In this book, Birch has done his best to widen the Overton window of welfare policies that can be taken seriously among people in positions to do something about them.
- Nonhuman Animals and Testimonial Injustice.Anton Skretta - 2026 - The Journal of Ethics 30 (1).I argue that nonhuman animals can and do suffer testimonial injustice. I begin by showing that nonhuman animals often possess the epistemic capacities necessary for vulnerability to epistemic wrongs in general. I also show that nonhuman animals may suffer the particular primary wrong of testimonial injustice: the epistemic insult. Participating in and supporting animal agriculture frequently involves assigning nonhuman animals an unjust credibility deficit through prejudice. The insights of this paper paint a new and more complete picture of the systematic (...)
- Can we talk to the animals? The ethics of using machine learning to decode animal communication.Marriah Alcantara & Kristin Andrews - forthcoming - Topoi.There is currently much scientific and public interest in using machine learning to uncover the meaning of animal signals, which could ultimately lead to two-way communication systems between humans and other animals. This paper examines the research ethics that should govern this line of inquiry, and explores the transformative implications if scientists are successful at creating translations between animal signals and human language. We argue that the scientific and philosophical literature on animal communication systems warrants the attempt to engage in (...)
- Myötätuntoinen luonnonsuojelu – uusi uhka luonnon monimuotoisuudelle?Jukka Mikkonen & Jari Lyytimäki - 2026 - Niin and Näin 2026 (1):35-59.There have recently been calls to incorporate empathy and compassion into human relationships with nature. A new, emotionally grounded moral framework has also been proposed for nature conservation. “Compassionate conservation” holds that animals should be treated as individuals and should not be harmed even in the context of conservation. However, according to many conservation biologists, empirical research does not support the ideas of compassionate conservation—which, in their view, are not ultimately very compassionate. On the contrary, numerous biologists consider compassionate conservation (...)
- Animal Ethics in the Anthropocene: Navigating the Inevitability of Human Interference in Nonhuman Lives.Katie Javanaud - 2026 - Journal of Animal Ethics 16 (1):109-118.This article is a review of Jeff Sebo's Saving Animals, Saving Ourselves: Why Animals Matter for Pandemics, Climate Change, and Other Catastrophes. Sebo's book is a groundbreaking contribution to the field of animal ethics, commendable not only for the bold and inspiring vision it offers of our potential for fostering radically improved relationships with nonhumans but also for its inclusion of serious, practical policy suggestions for achieving a new world order in which animals are treated with respect and compassion. This (...)
- Cyno-Racist Colonialism: “Pariah” Dogs, “Dog Cull,” and the State in Colonial India.Aryama Ghosh - 2026 - Journal of Animal Ethics 16 (1):17-29.This article uses the “pariah” dog to investigate the junction of speciesism and racism in colonial India. Using postcolonial theory and animal studies to make its case, it asserts that British colonialism put Indian dogs in a racialized order by calling them “pariahs” or “pests.” The government justified their murder by this classification, which also helped to maintain a colonial “cyno-racism,” an approach of compulsive analogy of native dogs with lower caste Indians, and thus perceived them as racially lower and (...)
- Invisible Suffering: Why Animal Ethics Must Confront the Welfare of Farmed Fish in the Global South.Wasseem Emam - 2026 - Journal of Animal Ethics 16 (1):1-4.Fish are the most farmed and most killed animals on the planet yet remain largely invisible in mainstream ethical debate. This neglect is especially acute in low-and middle-income countries, where billions of fish are farmed each year under poor or unknown welfare conditions. This article argues that contemporary animal ethics has failed to adequately engage with the reality of fish suffering in these contexts and that its continued omission threatens the moral credibility and global relevance of the field. Drawing on (...)
- The Spirit and “All Flesh”: Developing an Incarnational Pneumatology That Embraces the Nonhuman Creature.Daniela Rizzo - 2026 - Journal of Animal Ethics 16 (1):5-16.This article explores the Holy Spirit's baptizing work on “all flesh,” extending to animals and shaping an inclusive pneumatic soteriology for all nonhuman creatures. While current animal theologies predominantly focus on Christological aspects of soteriology, I leverage Frank Macchia's pneumatological framework to extend “deep incarnation,” expanding our understanding of the Spirit's role in the lives of animals. Transitioning to incarnational pneumatology, Macchia links the incarnation and Pentecost, emphasizing Christ's role as the Spirit Baptizer for the entire creation. The Spirit's active (...)
- “Can They Suffer?” Rereading Bentham's Question Through Derrida.Mariana Almeida Pereira - 2026 - Journal of Animal Ethics 16 (1):96-108.Jeremy Bentham's question (“Can they suffer?”), and its centralization of suffering, remains a notorious contribution to animal ethics. In this article, I begin by problematizing Peter Singer's interpretation of Bentham's question—an interpretation that remains hegemonic in contemporary animal ethics—and highlight its latent anthropocentrism. Then, I reread Bentham's question through Jacques Derrida, arguing for Derrida's interpretation's force in deconstructing anthropocentrism. Despite the advancements in animal welfare that Singer's thought has propelled, his interpretation of Bentham's question contributes to a reaffirmation of anthropocentrism/carnophallogocentrism, (...)
- The Repugnant Conclusion of Effective Animal Altruism.Vera Flocke - 2026 - Journal of Animal Ethics 16 (1):84-95.Effective animal advocates want to help animals as effectively as possible. I explore a popular way of spelling out this idea, according to which, when choosing between two actions to help animals, we should pick the one that maximizes the net aggregate welfare of animals. I argue that, if this is right, then—counterintuitively—we ought to build more confined animal feeding operations. This argument is an application of Parfit's mere addition paradox. My aim in laying out how this applies to animal (...)
- Antivegetarianism and the Fragile Status of Animals in Schopenhauer's Ethics.Christopher Erhard - 2026 - Journal of Animal Ethics 16 (1):39-53.Prima facie, Arthur Schopenhauer (1788–1860) appears like a modern advocate of animal rights, especially in contrast to Kant's anthropocentric deontologism, which only recognizes indirect duties toward animals. The rationale for animal rights is rooted in Schopenhauer's notion of extended compassion, which in turn is grounded in his voluntaristic metaphysics and gradualist approach to the human-animal distinction. I argue, however, that Schopenhauer's position is deeply ambivalent and fraught with problematic assumptions about animals, which he conceives as imprisoned in an eternal present (...)
- The Paradox of Colonial Compassion: Legality and the Question of Animal Sacrifice in Late Colonial India.Partha Mukherjee - 2026 - Journal of Animal Ethics 16 (1):72-83.This article examines the complex dynamics surrounding animal sacrifice in late colonial India, highlighting the tensions between a colonial discourse of a “cruel orient,” indigenous cultural traditions, and emerging animal welfare movements. While British authorities condemned animal sacrifice as a marker of Indian barbarism, their legislative attempts to prevent cruelty were limited by imperial ideology and concerns about interfering with native customs. Meanwhile, Indian intellectuals like Gandhi and M. R. Jayakar and organizations such as the Society for the Prevention of (...)
- Dignifying the Nonhuman: A Critical Reconstruction of Behavioral Ecology Through Animal Dignification.Belen Segundo-Franco & Erica Torrens-Rojas - 2026 - Journal of Animal Ethics 16 (1):30-38.This article introduces animal dignification as an ethical-philosophical lens to expand the interpretation of animal behavior in behavioral ecology. While the adaptationist framework has provided key insights into evolutionary function, it often neglects affective, cognitive, and relational dimensions of animal life. Drawing from evolutionary biology, ethology, and animal ethics, we propose a complementary perspective that views animals as sentient subjects with intrinsic value. Through conceptual analysis and illustrative case studies, we demonstrate how a dignification-centered approach enhances scientific inquiry and promotes (...)
- The Desert Covenant: Radical Stewardship, Animal Agency, and the Ethical Ontology of Camel Milk Production.Adrian Wadowski - manuscriptThis paper proposes a fundamental shift from the industrial paradigm of livestock management to a model of "Radical Stewardship" in camelid husbandry. Using the practices of elite herds in Dubai as a case study, we examine the ontological relationship between the ethical status of the animal and the biological integrity of its output. We argue that the preservation of bio-active proteins, such as Lactoferrin and insulin-like peptides, is an emergent property of a stress-free environment rooted in Bedouin heritage. This ethical (...)
- Economic Democracy for the Voiceless.Luca Hemmerich - 2026 - Free and Equal 2 (1).In this article, I argue that instituting a form of economic democracy (ED) may offer a partial remedy to the ongoing ecological crisis. My argument proceeds in three steps. First, I contend that the ecological crisis largely stems from an under-responsiveness of current political and economic institutions to the interests of voiceless beings—in particular, future generations and non-human beings. Second, I draw on theoretical and empirical considerations, such as ED’s deliberative structure and adverse optimization pressures under capitalism, to argue that (...)
- Justice for Animals in Climate Change Integrated Assessment Models.Bob Fischer & Avram Hiller - 2026 - Npj Climate Action 5.Integrated assessment models (IAMs) exclude individual non-human animal welfare, despite clear evidence that climate change will harm billions of animals through habitat loss, extreme weather, and ecosystem disruption. We argue that this is a significant moral oversight. Further, incorporating animal welfare into IAMs is technically feasible, using traditional economic methods or novel ones. Crucially, accounting for animal welfare in IAMs need not undermine considerations of justice for humans.
- From pigs to people: what is it like to perform a pig-to-human kidney xenotransplant?Jonathan A. Smith & Daniel Rodger - 2026 - Jme Practical Ethics 2:e000065.Since 2022, genetically modified pig organs have been transplanted into both deceased and living human subjects, and first-in-human clinical trials began in 2025. Yet, little is known about the experience of performing such procedures. The first kidney xenotransplant studies involved human brain-dead recipients, with graft function ranging from hours to months. Interviews were conducted with one of the first surgeons with experience in performing a pig-to-human kidney xenotransplant and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Following analysis, four personal experiential themes were (...)
- Towards a More Comprehensive Interpretation of Kant’s Ethics: The Case of Those Who Are Viewed Only as Means.Aleksandra Vučković & Miloš Kovačević - 2018 - Filozofske Studije 34:79-94.The aim of this paper is to investigate Kant’s ethics regarding his views on non-human animals in order to distinguish whether and in which sense does Kant’s moral principle oblige us to treat animals with dignity. First, we shall provide a review of Kant’s basic moral views in order to consider whether it is justified for non-human animals to be excluded from moral laws. We shall claim that this exclusion is not justified and that it is a consequence of another, (...)
- IV. Réflexions sur un colloque riche en émotions.Iris Derzelle - 2020 - In Hess Gérald, Pelluchon Corine & Pierron Jean-Philippe, Humains, animaux, nature. Quelle éthique des vertus pour le monde qui vient ? Paris: Hermann. pp. 375-378.Une tendance se dégage de ce colloque : la philosophie morale « pour le monde qui vient » se recentre sur l’expérience vécue des individus, et notamment sur le vécu émotionnel du sujet moral. Celui-ci n’est donc plus un sujet idéal mais un sujet vivant et changeant dont l’action ne se conçoit pas indépendamment du monde matériel.
- Humains, animaux, nature. Quelle éthique des vertus pour le monde qui vient ?Hess Gérald, Pelluchon Corine & Pierron Jean-Philippe (eds.) - 2020 - Paris: Hermann.L’éthique des vertus met l’accent sur les représentations et les affects qui poussent les personnes à agir, au lieu de se focaliser sur les normes et de se borner à énoncer des interdictions et des obligations. Elle aide ainsi à combler l’écart entre la théorie et la pratique qui est particulièrement dramatique à un moment où les individus comme les États reconnaissent la réalité du changement climatique mais ne parviennent pas à réorienter les modes de production ni à reconvertir l’économie. (...)
- The Ethics of Animal Shelters.Valéry Giroux, Angie Pepper, Kristin Voigt, Frédéric Côté-Boudreau, Nicolas Delon, Sue Donaldson, François Jaquet, Will Kymlicka, Angela K. Martin & Agnes Tam - 2023 - In Valéry Giroux, Angie Pepper & Kristin Voigt, The Ethics of Animal Shelters. New York, US: Oxford University Press. pp. 29-100.Part I offers a set of ethical recommendations on various aspects of the everyday operations of animal shelters. The authors begin by clarifying the ethical framework on which the recommendations are based as well as setting out several overarching issues. The authors then address specific ethical questions arising in the context of the shelter’s internal structure and decision-making processes; its relationship with the public, donors, industry, and government; its role in the enforcement of animal welfare legislation; shelter operations, such as (...)
- Two Problems for the Political Inclusion of Animals.David Matias Paaske & Angela K. Martin - 2026 - Journal of Applied Philosophy 1.In recent years, the field of animal ethics has taken a political turn, with scholars arguing that sentient nonhuman animals should be included in the political sphere. This article explores two key challenges arising from this turn towards the political inclusion of animals: the Conflict Problem and the Numbers Problem. The Conflict Problem highlights the difficulty of resolving conflicts between humans and animals, and amongst individual animals, who often have competing interests (such as predators and prey). The Numbers Problem arises (...)
- The Mosquito Problem: Evaluating New Mitigation Technologies and Methods.Shawn Simpson - 2026 - Environmental Ethics 47 (4):Pages 409-433.Several new technologies and methods have been proposed for reducing the incidence of mosquito-borne illnesses. In this article, two new technologies being implemented in the field are examined. A number of criticisms have been levied against these mitigation methods. This paper reviews several salient questions related to animal ethics, arguing although these questions are important, more analysis is needed to answer them. The focus then shifts to two issues yet to be addressed in detail. In short, an analogy can be (...)
- Meijer, Eva. Multispecies Dialogues: Doing Philosophy with Animals, Children, the Sea and Others. Amsterdam University Press, 2025. [REVIEW]Friderike Spang - forthcoming - Environmental Ethics.This invited review of Eva Meijer’s Multispecies Dialogues: Doing Philosophy with Animals, Children, the Sea and Others (Amsterdam University Press, 2025) offers an in-depth engagement with Meijer’s exploration of communication across species. It traces how the book expands the idea of dialogue beyond language to include embodied and material forms of exchange—touch, movement, shared practice—and how these modes can transform everyday coexistence between humans and nonhumans. The review commends Meijer’s ability to weave lived experience and philosophical reflection while drawing attention (...)
- Spike Phenomenology II Ethics as the Space Where Dogs, Cats, and Children Peacefully Coexist.Suzume Suzume - manuscriptThis paper develops a phenomenological model of everyday ethical space by examining the natural coexistence of dogs, cats, and young children—an environment in which bodies of different species, sizes, and capacities share the same physical space with remarkably little conflict. Building upon the “three-layer composite cone” (Detection / Prediction / Tracking) introduced in Spike Phenomenology I, I argue that this layered spike-structure is not unique to humans but shared across species, and that its successful calibration constitutes what I formally define (...)
- Critical Rationalist Zoology.Alexander Ohnemus - 2024 - Dissertation, Quantum Temporal InstituteCRZ: Critical Rationalist Zoology Critical rationalism should be the epistemology of zoology because criterion par falsifiability conducts scientific method. Critical rationalism trumps skeptical empiricism because the former better fits the scientific method. Skeptical empiricism excessively abandons rationalism, relying too heavily on senses, thus allowing contradictions. Deductive reasoning, the law of identity, and Occram's Razor all are key. Perhaps cryptozoology is a philosophy NOT a pseudoscience. "The Modeling Differential Equations: (P)' =~S. A derivative of philosophy is approximately science. (S)' =~E.
- The Measure of Love: Quantifying Affection Through Supererogatory Allocation.Andre Hampshire - manuscriptPhilosophical treatments of love often oscillate between two extremes: conceiving it as an ineffable emotion resistant to quantification, or reducing it to arbitrary preference orderings. This paper advances a third approach—treating love as measurable through supererogatory patterns of resource allocation within a bounded moral framework. Using basic needs as objective limits—those of the dependent below and those of the self above—I argue that the gap between moral duty and actual allocation yields a quantifiable, behaviorally grounded metric of love. The framework (...)
- News Media Representations of Gene Transcriptional Profiling: How Do the Culture/Nature Binary and Animal Ethics Factor In?Amy Fitzgerald, Jennifer Halliday & Christina Semeniuk - 2025 - Journal of Animal Ethics 15 (2):159-176.Developments in genomics, notably the development of transcriptomics, have enabled the “molecularization of life” (Rose, 2001, p.13). Most analyses of these developments focus on human medicine. Other realms warrant attention, specifically applications with nonhuman animals, which are increasingly likely in response to growing concerns regarding their adaptability to rapid environmental changes. Given that public understandings can impact adoption of novel technologies in important ways, and that the public mostly receives information about technologies from news media, this article examines communication of (...)
- Animal Pronouns Matter: The Importance of Language for Activism and Education.Sharisse Kanet - 2025 - Journal of Animal Ethics 15 (2):138-150.The words we use do more than reflect existing worldviews; they aid in forming those views. In particular, pronouns have a significant impact on both the mindset of the speaker and the treatment of the target individual. Recent animal studies scholarship has identified humans’ tendency to refer to nonhuman animals with the pronoun “it” as problematic for a variety of reasons. This article intends to add to that literature in two ways. First, it will incorporate recent psychological research into the (...)
- Boars in the Media and Trans-Species Hate Speech.Susana Rivera & Maria Espín - 2025 - Journal of Animal Ethics 15 (2):177-194.Free-living boars have been a focal point in the media in recent years in Spain, where they have been often portrayed as threatening agriculture, health, the economy, and even the environment and as warranting eradication. However, other species with a greater assessed environmental impact receive little media attention compared to the free-living boar. Moreover, even from a traditional conservationist approach, boars are neither officially classified as an “invasive species” nor considered a significant health threat. We pose the following questions: Why (...)
- Animals, Ethics, and Language: The Philosophy of Meaningful Communication in the Lives of Animals.Edel Sanders - 2025 - Journal of Animal Ethics 15 (2):231-233.
- Fur Factory Farming: Thoughts on a Dying (or Shifting?) Industry.Angela Fernandez - 2025 - Journal of Animal Ethics 15 (2):218-224.Readers of this journal will be very familiar with the Palgrave Macmillan Animal Ethics Series. This review article focuses on its latest fine installment, An Ethical Critique of Fur Factory Farming. Cognizant that its authors Andrew Linzey and Clair Linzey are the series editors, as well this journal's editors, and feeling confident that they will correct me if I misconstrue any part of their argument, here I elucidate that argument and situate it against the background of challenges that persist from (...)
- Journalists as Gatekeepers: How Stories About Animal Suffering Are Created.Tatu Matilainen - 2025 - Journal of Animal Ethics 15 (2):195-210.This study explains how stories about the suffering of farmed animals are produced in the mainstream media. Nineteen reporters and editors were interviewed for the study, and factors at four levels were analyzed: (a) personal characteristics of individual journalists; (b) routine practices of professional journalism; (c) media organization; and (d) social institutions (audiences, sources, and advertisers). The study discovered that, for example, most news organizations do not allow their reporters to specialize in agricultural issues, which reduces the likelihood of stories (...)
- Animal Welfare in World Religion: Teaching and Practice.David Madden - 2025 - Journal of Animal Ethics 15 (2):225-226.
- Animal Theologians.Kurt Remele - 2025 - Journal of Animal Ethics 15 (2):226-229.
- Human/Animal Relations in Animal Studies.Alice Di Concetto - 2025 - Journal of Animal Ethics 15 (2):211-217.In Human/Animal Relationships in Transformation: Scientific, Moral, and Legal Perspectives, Augusto Vitale and Simone Pollo offer an updated perspective on multidisciplinary animal studies. Although the book omits viewpoints from critical animal studies and insufficiently includes law and policy contributions, Human/Animal Relationships makes significant contributions to animal studies. Generally, this collection provides an updated account of animal studies from the perspectives of natural sciences, philosophy, and political science. More specifically, the authors clearly articulate Darwin's contribution to the field of animal studies, (...)
- Virtue Ethics and Animal Experimentation.Stavros Karageorgakis & Konstantina Lyrou - 2025 - Journal of Animal Ethics 15 (2):151-158.This article commences by explaining some of the basic tenets of Aristotle's virtue ethics and then examines if they are applicable to the field of animal ethics. Through an Aristotelian lens, it will go on to view the conditions under which animal experiments are conducted and the social and professional pressures the scientific community faces. Finally, the article will explain why the theory of virtue ethics is highly problematic when applied to animal experimentation.
- Calling for Sanctuary and Companion Animal Exemptions From “Stamping Out” Policies During Disease Outbreaks.Jenny L. Mace - 2025 - Journal of Animal Ethics 15 (2):121-126.There are increasing rates of infectious diseases in humans and nonhuman animals. There is also potential for numerous farmed animal species as well as traditional companion animals (cats and dogs) and humans to act as “mixing vessel” hosts, meaning new strains of a disease agent could swiftly emerge and create devastating pandemics. Against this backdrop, it is important to prepare for future epi-/panzootics and pandemics, potentially ones far worse than Covid-19. Part of this includes emergency management scenarios in relation to (...)
- The Continuity of Cognition: Rethinking Mind Beyond the Human Frame.Aaron James Dodd - manuscriptFor centuries, scientific and philosophical inquiry has treated human cognition as a categorical exception — a bright line dividing “mind” from mere mechanism. Yet mounting evidence from animal behaviour, neuroscience, and artificial intelligence challenges this binary. From gorillas who sign to parrots who reason and language models that infer intent, the continuity between life and thought has become increasingly difficult to deny. This paper proposes a unifying hypothesis: that cognition is a substrate-independent process of adaptive sense-making — the ability of (...)
- Editorial: Humans and other Animals.Rainer Ebert, Motlatsi Khosi & Kala Bopape - 2025 - Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 16 (3).This editorial introduces a special issue of the Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics based on the 2024 conference Humans and Other Animals: Rattling the Paradigm, hosted by the University of South Africa. Bringing together emerging scholars from across the Global South, the event explored human–animal relationships through philosophical, social, and artistic perspectives. The six articles in this issue present diverse approaches to animal ethics, emphasizing dialogue and collaboration across cultures and disciplines.
- The Disposability of Ritual Animals: Raising the Animal Rights Question around Yoruba Rituals.Morufu Omigbule & Sherifdeen Olafimihan - 2025 - Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 16 (3):42-48.The use of non-human animals as a category of sacrificial items in Yoruba rituals raises a fundamental question of whether animals’ rights discourse and advocacy have had some restricting influence on how non-human animals are rather treated as ritual disposables in Yoruba rituals. While the sacrifice of non-human animals is upheld in Yoruba culture as a part of the moral construct of the Yoruba society the act raises an ethical question as to whether or not there is any moral consideration (...)
- Interrogating the Ontologies of Animal Totems (Dogs and the Green Snake) in Tiv Culture: A Pathway for African Animal Ethics.Terkura Thomas Mchia - 2025 - Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 16 (3):9-14.This essay seeks to understand the relationship between dogs and the green snake, in a bid to illuminate their special status among the Tiv people of Central Nigeria. The Tiv are known for their great love for meat. The desire and love of meat propelled their ancestors into a culture of hunting and farming to ingratiate this insatiable need. However, respect and the conservation of a select breed of animals calls for a close study and special attention to understand why (...)
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