A qualitative study was conducted with 48 Chinese counselors and psychotherapists who were interviewed in 2006 and an independent sample of 50 participants who responded to a survey in 2014. This study aims to explore how the new emerging expansion of mental health practice is related to issues and challenges of dual role relationship and how the well-engrained values and social characteristics of Chinese culture influences perceptions and resolution of ethical dilemmas. The participants identified similar dual relationships in 2006 and (...) 2014: Incidental boundary crossings, a sexual or romantic relationship, a dual social relationship, and a professional dual relationship were the most frequently reported types of dual relationships encountered by Chinese practitioners, and the socioeconomic and cultural context and the development trajectory of counseling and psychotherapy in China play a significant role in shaping practitioners’ behaviors. The comparison of the data in 2006 and 2014 indicated that practitioners in psychotherapy and counseling have an improved awareness and understanding of ethical issues, evidenced by the decreasing cases of romantic and sexual relationships and increasing cases of social dual relationships influenced by the interrelatedness of traditional Chinese culture. (shrink)

Predictive analytics and early warning systems are now widely used in nursing practice worldwide. While these tools can improve efficiency and patient safety, but at the same time posing ethical challenges related to data privacy, algorithmic fairness, accountability, professional autonomy, and patient rights. Through a systematic rapid review, we identify the major ethical risks in nursing contexts and propose actionable governance pathways to inform clinical practice and policy. This study used a systematic rapid review, searching eight databases—PubMed, Embase, Web of (...) Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Ovid, EBSCOhost, and ProQuest—for English-language articles published from 2015 through May 2025. Two reviewers independently screened records and extracted data, with a third reviewer resolving disagreements, yielding 22 included studies. Using inductive thematic analysis, we summarized the ethical-risk dimensions and governance pathways of predictive analytics and early warning systems in nursing practice, and conducted an overall quality appraisal of the included literature. The included studies came from 11 countries, with publication volume rising markedly in recent years—reflecting growing attention to ethical issues in nursing. Most were reviews or commentaries, with fewer qualitative and mixed-methods studies. Thematic analysis identified five ethical-risk dimensions: (i) Data- and Algorithm-Related Ethical Risks; (ii) Professional Role and Responsibility Attribution Risks; (iii) Patient Rights and Humane-Care Ethical Risks; (iv) Ethical-Governance and Misuse Risks; and (v) Technological Accessibility and Social Acceptance Barriers. In response, the literature proposes four governance pathways—Technical–Data Governance, Clinical Human–Machine Collaboration, Organizational-Capacity Building, and Institutional–Policy Regulation—with concrete measures including privacy protection, algorithmic-bias monitoring and fairness audits, transparency and explainability enhancement, nurse training and digital literacy, interdisciplinary collaboration and co-creation, and policy and regulatory guidelines. Predictive analytics and early warning systems in nursing practice show substantial promise yet are accompanied by multidimensional ethical risks. For the first time in a nursing context, this study proposes a “five ethical-risk dimensions–four governance pathways” framework, offering actionable ethical-governance guidance for nurses, administrators, and policymakers. Future work should pursue interdisciplinary, multicenter empirical studies to evaluate the framework’s feasibility and effectiveness and to align technological benefits with ethical values, thereby improving nursing quality and patient safety. (shrink)

This study aims to investigate the cognitive differences and ethical concerns regarding artificial intelligence in healthcare between the public and healthcare professionals and to provide empirical evidence for ethical governance and risk communication. A text mining approach was adopted to comparatively analyze Chinese public social media and professional medical forums. A total of 4,042 valid texts were included, comprising 2,088 from the public corpus and 1,954 from the healthcare professional corpus. SnowNLP sentiment analysis, the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic model, (...) and co-word network analysis were applied to reconstruct and compare the structures of concern between the two groups. Both groups were dominated by positive sentiment toward artificial intelligence in healthcare, although healthcare professionals showed a higher positive tendency (75.2%) than the public (68.0%), while the public exhibited a higher degree of caution. LDA topic analysis and co-word network analysis showed that both groups focused heavily on the role positioning and replacement boundaries of artificial intelligence. However, their specific focal concerns differed significantly. Healthcare professionals placed greater emphasis on occupational impact and practice-related concerns, mainly involving clinical application, responsibility, and humanistic care. In contrast, the public focused more on technical conditions and risk perception, emphasizing practical uses in healthcare settings, the reliability of data and models, and issues of responsibility and risk. Although both the public and healthcare professionals hold relatively positive attitudes toward artificial intelligence in healthcare, their cognitive structures exhibit clear group differences. The subsequent ethical governance and advancement of artificial intelligence in healthcare require clarifying its functional boundaries while simultaneously addressing the practice-related concerns of healthcare professionals and the risk-related concerns of the public. (shrink)

Present-bias is the preference, all else being equal, for positive events to be located in the present rather than the non-present, and for negative events to be located in the non-present rather than the present. Very little attention has been given to present-bias in the contemporary literature on time biases. This may be because it is often assumed that present-bias is not a distinctive psychological kind; that what explains people’s being present-biased is just what explains them displaying various other time-biases. (...) According to this view, there is no need to investigate present-bias independently of investigating these other biases, since present-bias is really just a manifestation of these other biases. We call this the manifestation thesis. We take up the question of whether the manifestation thesis is true, and argue that it is not. Thus, by failing to investigate present-bias in its own right we are failing fully to understand the spectrum of ways in which people display time biases. In turn, we suggest, this may have implications for the ways we evaluate whether present-bias is rationally permissible. (shrink)

A purpose of global research is to address challenges faced by all humanity. To achieve this, it is crucial to foster global collaborations that promote learning from each other on equal terms. Previous studies have predominantly focused on the Global North, with inadequate attention paid to other parts of the world. In this regard, investigating international research collaborations (IRC), especially with a focus on less researched parts of the world, is essential. Against this backdrop, this study investigates the dynamics of (...) IRC as perceived and practiced in the selected research systems of _global majority_, a collective term used in the literature to refer to the societies described as non-white and outside of Global North. Specifically, the study adopted a qualitative multiple case study approach in the Chinese, Ghanaian and Turkish research systems (in alphabetical order). Despite the significant variations among the selected systems, our findings reveal three common challenges that contribute to unequal dynamics in IRC. This article discusses these three common themes, while also emphasizing the nuanced differences among the systems. Through an analytical lens of promoting a more equal global system versus perpetuating inequalities, we shed light on the need for change in IRC practices. (shrink)

In the discussion of global ethics, philosophical ethics risks losing its distinct theoretical horizons. This predicament arises primarily from philosophy's failure to anchor its own object and to provide a rational basis for global justice from within its current confined theoretical paradigm. Against this background, this paper will first prioritize global co-existence as the primary concern of global ethics, then propose ontological co-existence justice as its foundational principle, and finally argue that the normative validity of co-existence justice is predicated on (...) the nations fulfilling the critical requirements of modern civilization, namely, the advancement of individual freedom. (shrink)

Ismael’s self-reference view is an intriguing addition to the philosophy of time landscape. This commentary offers an interpretation of the view. I argue for two claims. The first is that for Ismael, the explanans (namely self-reference + the thermodynamic gradient) is partly fulfilling the role of giving meaning to a key part of the explanandum (namely Agents’ sense of the future as coming into being). That is, Ismael is partly (re-)interpreting ‘Becoming’ as denoting self-reference. The second is that the self-reference (...) view centrally builds on Ismael’s previous work on tenseless, relativity-friendly passage and the idea that Heraclitians and Parmenideans are both right. In closing, I briefly comment on an unsolved challenge for the view. (shrink)

The language of principlism seems to have emerged as the predominant guiding framework in teaching, research and even legislation within contemporary Chinese bioethics. This essay reveals the dissonance between the individualistic orientation of this theoretical language and the familist features of Chinese clinical practice by considering the principle of respect for autonomy and its discordance with the Confucian tradition of virtue ethics and medical rituals. Several representative clinical cases in mainland China are presented to illustrate the incongruity between the current (...) state of Confucian medical rituals and the language game of the principle of respect for autonomy. While there is a recognized need in contemporary Chinese medical practice to promote patient involvement in decision-making in the cases of terminal illness, we argue that this approach should be implemented in alignment with Confucian virtue ethics and medical rituals. Resolving the linguistic discordance between Chinese bioethics and principlism should not entail a shift towards principlism. (shrink)

An accumulating amount of research has documented the harmful effects of abusive supervision on either its victims or third parties (peer abusive supervision). The abusive supervision literature, however, neglects to investigate the spillover effects of abusive supervision through third-party employees’ (i.e., peers’) mistreatment actions toward victims. Drawing on social learning theory, we argue that third parties learn mistreatment behaviors from abusive leaders and then themselves impose peer harassment and peer ostracism on victims, thereby negatively affecting victims’ performance. Further, we posit (...) that, if a victim has a proactive personality, this will weaken these indirect, negative effects. We conducted two studies, both with three-wave longitudinal data, to verify the hypotheses. The results of Study 1 evidence the significant indirect effects of abusive supervision on employee creative performance via both peer harassment and peer ostracism. Contrary to our moderation hypothesis, the analysis shows that victims’ proactive personality strengthens rather than weakens the negative indirect effects of peer harassment. Study 2 generally replicated the results of Study 1 with employee’s objective job performance as outcome. Our research contributes to the abusive supervision literature by highlighting a social learning process of third-party peer mistreatment, suggesting a spillover channel of abusive supervision on the victim’s performance. (shrink)

Hodroj, Latham, and Miller use X-phi methods to investigate why people tend to represent time as dynamic (i.e., as (robustly) passing), even though, as deflationists maintain, they do not perceive time as passing. More specifically, what the authors investigate is the hypothesis that people believe time is dynamic because they believe the future is objectively open (moving open future hypothesis, MOFH); they find no evidence for the relevant associations. They conclude that a different (temporally aperspectival replacement, TARH) hypothesis based on (...) non-X-phi proposals by Hoerl (Hoerl, 2018) and Sattig (Sattig, 2019a, 2019b) is worth investigating further by X-phi methods. The authors’ empirical methodology in this and other papers is especially welcome given widespread suspicion of purely a priori methods (those of “armchair” or “free-range” metaphysics). Yet, it is not always obvious how best to interpret these kinds of findings. In this reply, I express some worries about the paper’s framing regarding its empirical findings, including their relation to the debate about temporal perception. I also consider whether the responses recorded in these surveys are best interpreted as indicating that people stably (even tacitly) represent time in ways articulated by metaphysicians. I take it to be another facet of the value of X-phi work on time that it raises these interpretative (and related metametaphysical) issues, whose relevance to disputes over proper methodology in the philosophy of time is easy to overlook. (shrink)

This article continues the efforts of Gert Biesta and Jim Hordern to address the nature and organisation of educational studies as highlighted in a recent special issue titled ‘Educational studies today and for the future: threats, hopes, and collaborations’ in BJES (Volume 7, No. 5, 2023). The aim is to articulate a distinctive voice or language within the study of education, addressing contemporary challenges in the field. Invoking German Pädagogik and American educationalist Schwab’s theory of the Practical, this article makes (...) a case for pedagogy as a distinctive discipline of education that has its own ways of thinking and theorising, centred on questions as to the purpose of education and the nature of educational practice. Furthermore, it asserts that pedagogy is a ‘practical’ discipline centred on understanding and developing educational practice. Conceived in this way, pedagogy can serve as a core and unifying component in educational studies, integrating the foundation disciplines and other subjects into the study of practice. It also functions as the ‘crowning’ discipline that organises foundation disciplines and related sources toward the professional education of teachers. (shrink)

This article introduces the reader to contemporary philosophical research on God and time, without presupposing any familiarity with either philosophy of religion or philosophy of time. To start with, aspects of the topic are compared to some structurally similar ideas in secular philosophical thought about time and ethics. The article then introduces timeless versus temporal conceptions of eternity and discusses positions intending to combine elements of both. There is a brief interlude on relevant background in temporal metaphysics regarding A- and (...) B-theories. The final two sections then examine recent developments in the timeless and temporal camps, with a particular emphasis on the role that temporal metaphysics is playing in discussions of the timeless approach. (shrink)

A proposition can be false but still true about a certain subject matter: e.g., the proposition that snow is white and expensive is false, yet still true about the color of snow. This paper investigates how this idea of ‘truth about a subject matter’ should be analyzed. I begin with the Simple Conjunction Theory, which explains the case by decomposing a false proposition into a true conjunct about the subject matter and a false conjunct irrelevant to it. While intuitive, this (...) theory fails to account for non-conjunctive propositions. I then examine the Lewis-Yablo Theory, which invokes possible-world partitions to analyze subject matters. I show that this framework generalizes the Simple Conjunction Theory and accommodates non-conjunctive cases, but it also faces a counterexample. To resolve this, I propose modifications based on closeness relations among possible worlds. The resulting account preserves the explanatory motivations of the earlier theories while avoiding their difficulties. (shrink)

Background: Interpretation flexibility allows individuals to update their interpretations of ambiguous information as new evidence becomes available. Attention allocation to novel information underlies interpretation flexibility. This study examined links between interpretation flexibility and attentional allocation to newly revealed information using eye-tracking metrics of fixation bias and fixation flexibility. Method: Participants (N = 90) viewed ambiguous images that were progressively unblurred while their visual attention to specific screen areas was monitored using eye-tracking. The number of fixations and total dwell time on (...) blurred and unblurred sections of valenced images were examined. Results: Participants showed greater attentional allocation to newly revealed information in negative versus positive scenarios, evidenced by longer dwell time across all stages and more frequent looks to the novel region at the fully unblurred stage. Fixation flexibility was also reduced for negative images, indicating less reallocation of gaze as additional information became available. However, fixation bias and fixation flexibility did not significantly correlate with interpretation flexibility. Conclusion: Together, these findings suggest more rigid attentional patterns when the emerging context involves negative emotional content, while attentional and interpretational flexibility operate as separable processes. Future research should integrate additional cognitive and neural measures to better understand attentional biases and fixations. (shrink)

The consequence argument aims to show that if determinism is true, such that all our actions are the necessary consequences of the remote past and the laws of nature, then no one could have done anything other than what she has in fact done. However, a recent challenge invokes a formal framework of ‘levels’ to argue that this argument actually commits a category mistake, since it is not legitimate to claim that determinism at the physical level precludes alternative possibilities at (...) the agential level. Nevertheless, in this paper, I argue that the consequence argument can still be validly constructed even within a formal framework of levels, provided that we accept the plausible principle that anything is possible at the agential level only if it is physically realizable. (shrink)

Craig Callender’s What Makes Time Special? (OUP 2017) advocates and practices an innovative, thoroughly interdisciplinary approach to philosophical questions about time and temporal features of our lives. Grappling with it is of intrinsic philosophical interest; it is also part of responding to the methodological invitation the book issues to philosophers of time. This paper is motivated by the wish to clarify WMTS’s philosophical underpinnings. The main claim of the paper is that WMTS relies on an ambiguity between rejecting the A-theory (...) versus B-theory debate, and endorsing a position within that debate. This ambiguity leads to a somewhat unstable position on how a key feature of manifest time, namely our sense of time as flowing, arises from physical time. The paper ends with a suggestion for how to resolve the ambiguity, in a way that is in line with the gist of Callender’s overall vision for the field. (shrink)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Cross‐Cultural Perspectives on Human Rights Democratic Participation in the Cultural Context Development as a Process of Self‐Enhancement from Within Conclusion.

Additive particles are generally infelicitous in out-of-the-blue contexts. Kripke (in _Linguistic Inquiry_ 40(3):367–386, 2009 ) puts forward an influential idea that the additive presupposition they trigger has an anaphoric component that cannot be accommodated. Ruys (in _Linguistic Inquiry_ 46(2):343–361, 2015 ) proposes an alternative analysis that the observation can be explained in terms of conditions on deaccenting, claiming that in light of exceptional cases where additive particles can be used felicitously out of the blue, it is better to analyse the (...) additive presuppositions as existential presuppositions. However, such exceptional cases have not been given a systematic explanation so far. In this paper, we closely examine existing and novel examples where additive presuppositions are felicitously used out of the blue and argue that Ruys’s existential analysis as well as the Kripkean anaphoric approach face empirical issues. We propose a new analysis, according to which the _sui generis_ infelicity of additive particles in out-of-the-blue contexts is due to their focus sensitivity. Specifically, when an additive particle is used, two interpretive processes take place: (i) identification of a contextually relevant set of focus alternatives, and (ii) evaluation of the additive presupposition based on the focus alternatives so identified, which may result in accommodation. We claim that the felicity conditions on out-of-the-blue uses of additive particles emerge from the interplay between (i) and (ii). (shrink)

This paper describes the potential of an art-based tool to enhance pain assessment, communication, and management in healthcare settings. It elucidates a novel tool, artistic pain exploration (APE), for healthcare providers to gain deeper insights into the subjective experiences and expressions of pain beyond traditional clinical assessment tools. We propose that visual art offers an expressive conduit to communicating and understanding not just the nature of pain but also each patient’s unique experience. Using Edvard Munch’s seminal and visceral painting, _The (...) Scream_, as a case study, we demonstrate that the APE tool can be used both at the bedside and in health profession education. The APE tool is currently being evaluated in a randomized controlled trial involving surgical patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD), further exploring its clinical utility. The paper argues that integrating art into clinical practice and education fosters more patient-centered care and presents a flexible, adaptable framework for understanding pain across diverse healthcare contexts and cultural backgrounds. (shrink)

Our understanding of the cognitive processes involved in reading has been advanced by computational models that simulate those processes. Unfortunately, most of these models have been developed to explain the reading of English and other alphabetic languages, with relatively fewer efforts to examine whether or not the assumptions of these models also explain what has been learned from other languages and, in particular, non-alphabetic writing systems like Chinese. In this article, we will review those computational models that have been developed (...) to explain the reading of Chinese, with the goal of comparing their theoretical assumptions to those of models that explain the reading of English. Our analysis indicates that there are both points of convergence and divergence between the theoretical assumptions of Chinese versus English models, suggesting that the cognitive systems supporting reading may be differentially influenced by features of the languages and/or writing systems, or that certain theoretical assumptions developed to explain the reading of one language might be adapted to explain the reading of others. (shrink)

Current policies in mainland China strictly distinguish between social egg or embryo freezing and medical egg or embryo freezing. Single women are not allowed to undergo social egg freezing, and even married couples are prohibited from social embryo freezing. This paper argues, from the perspective of Confucian virtue ethics, which is still the most influential traditional ethical framework in contemporary Chinese society, that prohibiting married couples from social embryo freezing cannot be justified. It also refutes the arguments supporting this ban (...) point by point, showing that they are morally unfounded. The paper concludes that the ban should be lifted. This is not intended to encourage married couples to freeze embryos or to consider social embryo freezing an ideal reproductive choice according to Confucian ethics. Rather, it aims to highlight an important Confucian ethical point: just because social embryo freezing is not an ideal reproductive choice, it does not necessarily justify prohibition by state power. (shrink)

This discussion concerns the under-explored influence of Jacques Derrida on Paul B. Preciado and the autotheoretical enterprise that is Testo Junkie. Picking up on the deconstructive logic of contamination at work in Preciado’s early writings, the article reckons with autotheory as both a theoretical mode motored by the first person and an autobiographical mode interested in self-shaping. In so doing, it offers a genealogy of autotheory that finds its origins in Derrida’s disinterest in disciplinary purity and dislike of philosophical detachment, (...) at the same time as positioning Testo Junkie firmly within a French literary and philosophical context where it both intervenes in the activity of queer theorizing and antagonizes the highly popular genre of autofiction through a series of generic contaminations. Autotheory, in this itinerary, is inseparable from the self-writing project that Preciado undertakes and advocates, one that disidentifies from the fiction of a privately sexed and interior ‘self’. (shrink)

In response to epistemic challenges posted to the public by hyper-realistic characters in AI-generated synthetic media, this chapter aims to answer the question: to what extent is generative AI responsible for its generated texts, images, audio, or videos, especially in situations involving deepfakes? I argue that generative AI models such as an artificially intelligent speech generator or a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) should be accountable for the transparency and truthfulness of its generated output due to its practical impacts on the (...) public, particularly considering the injustice and potential epistemic threats posed by political deepfakes. The latest trend in AI regulations, as presented by the 2024-implemented EU Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA) and the 2024-signed California AI Transparency Act, shows the move toward a more comprehensive regulatory framework for AI, which aligns with my argument on AI accountability. (shrink)

This article addresses two related questions: how do we read He-Yin Zhen’s political writing in relation to her broader political life and how should her political ideas be introduced to the English-speaking academy? I first concur with recent translators of He-Yin, Lydia Liu, Dorothy Ko, and Rebecca Karl, that He-Yin’s anarcho-feminism marks a significant moment in the modern Chinese history of political ideas and can potentially contribute to transnational feminist theories. Following this, I revisit and reconstruct He-Yin and her life (...) partner Liu Shipei’s (刘师培) life trajectories as documented in Chinese sources by at least two generations of Chinese historians of the late Qing dynasty revolution. I argue that, when introducing her to English-speaking audiences as part of “the birth of Chinese feminism,” her translators have provided a diluted picture of He-Yin’s political world that could easily give rise to a reductionistically heroic reading of her politics. He-Yin’s political participation includes but is by no means limited to her one-year career as the prolific anarcho-feminist theorist for the journal (Tianyi Bao, 天义报). (shrink)

In exploring the profound interplay between aesthetic experience and psychological needs within piano performance, this study adopts a philosophical lens, particularly through the dimensions of aesthetics, challenge, and novelty, guided by the BRECVEMA theoretical model. Through rigorous statistical analysis, including ANOVA, we delved into how different piano playing techniques affect these core dimensions, revealing that technique significantly influences aesthetic enjoyment (F=27.394). Notably, a nuanced delay in technique yielded the highest aesthetic ratings (7.39) among advanced players, underscoring the intricate relationship between (...) skill execution and aesthetic perception. Moreover, the challenge dimension, pivotal in shaping performers' engagement, varied significantly with experience level and technique (F=21.063). Beginner players found variations less challenging (rated 3.42) compared to advanced players (rated 4.86), highlighting how psychological needs evolve with proficiency. The novelty dimension exhibited the most pronounced effect (F=30.05), with beginners experiencing heightened psychological challenges as they navigated skill enhancement (R²=0.65, adjusted R²=0.62), suggesting that mastering new skills is integral to their aesthetic journey. In contrast, for advanced players, the capacity for self-expression emerged as paramount, directly influencing their aesthetic enjoyment (R²=0.75). This shift indicates a deeper philosophical and potentially spiritual engagement with music, where self-expression transcends mere performance to fulfill more profound psychological needs. This analysis not only sheds light on the intrinsic connection between aesthetic experience and psychological fulfillment in piano performance but also invites a philosophical contemplation of how these elements reflect broader spiritual and existential themes, thus enriching our understanding of art as a medium for profound human expression and connection. (shrink)

This paper uses the 5-five-minute high-frequency data of energy-listed companies in China's A-share market to extract the jump of energy stock prices and build a dynamic stock price jump complex network. Then, we analyze the clustering effect of the complex network. The research shows that the energy stock price jump is an important part of stock price volatility, and the complex network of energy stock jump risk has obvious time-varying characteristics. However, the infection problem of stock price jump risks needs (...) specific analysis. China's coal industry has an important influence on the development of China's energy industry. According to the clustering analysis results of the network community, the clustering effect of the network community has time-varying characteristics. After October 2017, the clustering effect of the jumping risk of the coal industry and the new energy industry is obvious. The risk contagion within the new energy industry community is a key point for the development of the new energy industry. (shrink)

Chronic back pain (CBP) is a leading cause of disability and results in considerable socio-economic burdens worldwide. Although CBP patients are commonly diagnosed and treated with a focus on the ‘end organ dysfunction’ (i.e., peripheral nerve injuries or diseases), the evaluation of CBP remains flawed and problematic with great challenges. Given that the peripheral nerve injuries or diseases are insufficient to define the etiology of CBP in some cases, the evaluation of alterations in the central nervous system becomes particularly necessary (...) and important. With the development of advanced neuroimaging techniques, extensive studies have been carried out to identify the cortical abnormalities in CBP patients. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview on a series of novel findings from these neuroimaging studies to improve our understanding of the cortical abnormalities originated in the disease. First, CBP patients normally exhibit central sensitization to external painful stimuli, which is indexed by increased pain sensitivity and brain activations in pain-related brain regions. Second, long-term suffering from chronic pain leads to emotional disorders, cognitive impairments, and the abnormalities of the relevant brain networks among CBP patients. Third, CBP is associated with massive cortical reorganization, including structural, functional, and metabolic brain changes. Overall, a deep insight into the neural mechanisms underlying the development and outcome of CBP through more sophisticated neuroimaging investigations could not only improve our current understanding of the etiology of CBP but also facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of CBP based on precision medicine. (shrink)

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-021-04793-5.

This review strives to shed light on the related studies on the relationship between English as a Foreign Language teachers' personality traits, communication strategies, and their work engagement. The positive correlation between teachers' personality traits and work engagement has been confirmed in the review of the literature. Furthermore, studies have proved the relationship between teachers' communication strategies and personality traits. No studies have been done on the direct relationship between teachers' communication strategies and work engagement. However, the studies showed that (...) some factors, such as teacher self-efficacy and willingness to communicate, can mediate the relationship between teachers' communication strategies and work engagement. To improve the language teaching quality, the pedagogical implications are explained in the end. Some suggestions for further research are provided to expand the literature about teachers' communication strategies, work engagement, and personality traits. (shrink)

The relationship between coping styles and subjective well-being has recently received considerable empirical and theoretical attention in the scientific literature. However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship have primarily remained unclear. The present research aimed to determine whether emotion regulation mediated the relationship between coping styles and subjective well-being. Our hypothesis is based on the integration of theoretical models among 1,247 Chinese college students. The SWB questionnaire, Ways of Coping Questionnaire, and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire were used to correlate SWB, emotion regulation (...) strategies, and coping styles, respectively. The random forest method was applied to predict life satisfaction and estimate the average variable importance to life satisfaction. The results indicated that positive coping can indirectly influence life satisfaction via cognitive reappraisal and indirectly influence expression suppression via positive affect. Negative coping can indirectly influence negative affect via expression suppression. Besides, negative coping was positively associated with both expression suppression and negative affect. Cognitive reappraisal was found to be positively associated with positive affect. The findings indicated that coping style is essential for the SWB of college students. These findings provide insight into how coping styles impact SWB and have implications for developing and assessing emotion regulation-based interventions. (shrink)

During development one mechanism for generating different cell types is asymmetric cell division, by which a cell divides and contributes different factors to each of its daughter cells. Asymmetric cell division occurs through out the eukaryotic kingdom, from yeast to humans. Many asymmetric cell divisions occur in a defined orientation. This implies a cellular mechanism for sensing direction, which must ultimately lead to differences in gene expression between two daughter cells. In this review, we describe two classes of molecules: regulatory (...) factors that are differentially expressed upon asymmetric cell division, and components of a signal transduction pathway that may define cell polarity. The lin‐11 and mec‐3 genes of C. elegans, the Isl‐1 gene of mammals and the HO gene of yeast, encode regulatory factors that determine cell type of one daughter after asymmetric cell division. The CDC24 and CDC42 genes of yeast affect both bud positioning and orientation of mating projections, and thus may define a general cellular polarity. We speculate that molecules such as Cdc24 and Cdc42 may regulate expression of genes such as lin‐11, mec‐3, Isl‐1 and HO upon asymmetric cell division. (shrink)

In the information era, with the rapid development of internet technology, various forms of slang continuously emerge. Elementary school students, who are in a critical learning phase, are highly curious about internet language. This survey report, based on questionnaire and field research, examines the extent of internet slang's influence on elementary school students and explores how they use it. Our research findings reveal that students exhibit preferences for specific types of internet slang, with online communication and daily conversations being their (...) primary channels for learning and using internet language. (shrink)

Due to the potent role of teachers’ emotion regulation in effective teaching, it seems essential to see how emotion regulation can contribute to other relevant teaching constructs. In this regard, the present study is intended to probe into the causal relationship among teacher emotion regulation, self-efficacy beliefs, engagement, and anger. In so doing, the Language Teacher Emotion Regulation Inventory, The Teacher Sense of Efficacy Scale, The Engaged Teacher Scale, and The Teacher Anger Scale were administered to 581 English as a (...) Foreign Language teachers in Iran. To gauge the causal relationships among the variables, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling using LISREL 8.80 were conducted. The results indicated that language teacher emotion regulation could positively and significantly predict teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs and engagement at work. Moreover, the influence of language teacher emotion regulation on the teacher’s anger is significantly negative. That is, the stronger emotion regulation is implemented the better teachers can manage their anger. The implications of this study may uncover new prospects for effective teaching, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. (shrink)

I examine the relation between naturalistically motivated and other critiques of grounding and similar critiques of the contrast between A- and B-theoretic views of time. I argue that even the combined dialectical upshot of nonunity objections in the latter case is not what it is in the former. I sympathetically discuss the objection that the notion of grounding is not intelligible and part of ‘esoteric’ metaphysics; this objection turns out to be just as serious in the case of the A/B (...) contrast. I then consider whether grounding is needed to draw the A/B contrast in the first place and answer this question in the negative. Finally, I comment on the costs of esotericism in both cases. (shrink)

Laisvalaikis yra ne tik žmogiškųjų veiklų būtinoji sąlyga, bet ir galutinis jų tikslas. Jis įprastai suvokiamas kaip savitikslė kontempliacijos būsena. Tačiau toks požiūris iškelia klausimą apie visuotinį laisvalaikio prieinamumą. Aristotelio etinės ir politinės teorijos reikalauja, kad laisvalaikis būtų laikomas visuotinai praktikuojamu gyvenimo būdu, tačiau paprastiems žmonėms kontempliatyvusis laisvalaikis atrodo nepraktiškas. Šią problemą galima spręsti iš esmės dviem požiūriais: (a) laisvalaikyje įžvelgiant dvi rūšis arba (b) praplečiant semantinę laisvalaikio sąvokos aprėptį. Tačiau abu šie požiūriai susiduria su tam tikromis problemomis. Siūlau naujai (...) apibrėžti laisvalaikį kaip moralinę-psichologinę sąvoką, derančią su prielaidaujama sielos hexis būsena. Pagal tokį apibrėžimą laisvalaikis būtų traktuojamas kaip kertinė žmogiškoji būklė, atverianti galimybę spręsti visuotinio laisvalaikio prieinamumo problemą. (shrink)

This issue explores equity from a relatively uncommon perspective: Marxist Buddhism, a view which incorporates socialist ideas into the Mahayana Buddhist tradition. Actually developed in 1920s Taiw...

Background There is a high incidence of burns in China and the sequelae of post-burn scar growth, disfigurement, and other body image disorders can cause serious psychological distress to burns patients, and negatively affecting the patient’s dignity. However, there is limited knowledge relating to the dignity of burns patients. Aim To investigate the factors that affect dignity in burns patients. Design Cross-sectional study. Participants and research context We recruited 323 burn patients from the burn unit of a tertiary care hospital. (...) The Patient Dignity Scale, Burn Specific Health Scale-Brief, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were used to assess burn patients’ dignity, quality of life, anxiety, and depression, respectively. 18 sociodemographic variables were included in the questionnaire. Ethical considerations Before the data were collected, the study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University (Reference: 2022-149-02) and all patients provided and signed informed consent forms. Findings This study included 323 burns patients; of these, 26 (8%) had a mild loss of dignity, 94 (29.1%) had a moderate loss of dignity, 125 (38.7%) had a severe loss of dignity, and 78 (24.1%) had a very severe loss of dignity. The main factors that influence the loss of dignity in burns patients, including the department in which the patient was treated after their burns, gender, the clinical stage of the burn, quality-of-life, depression, resident medical insurance, the cause of the burn, and the burn site. Conclusions In most cases, the loss of dignity after burn injury is serious. Clinical health care professionals can provide personalized whole-life dignity care for patients by considering the factors that affect the dignity of burns patients, developing targeted dignity management programs, and implementing individualized interventions to maintain dignity, thus helping burns injury patients return to social life and work. (shrink)

Resumen: Merleau-Ponty es el fundador de la fenomenología corporal moderna. Su obra maestra Phenomenology of Perception ha influido enormemente en la dirección del desarrollo de la ciencia cognitiva occidental contemporánea. La teoría del cuerpo recorre el principio y el final de su pensamiento filosófico, adopta el método fenomenológico para continuar con el panorama de la ontología de la teoría del cuerpo y convierte el cuerpo en el campo del sujeto cognitivo. A través de la literatura y el análisis lógico, este (...) artículo intenta resumir la connotación y extensión de la teoría del cuerpo de Merleau-Ponty, describir e interpretar la dimensión ontológica del deporte desde la perspectiva fenomenológica, y acercar el deporte a la comprensión y comunicación del ejercicio mismo. De esta manera, se desea desencadenar el pensamiento para brindar múltiples referencias para el desarrollo del deporte en cada campo. (shrink)

The Canadian lynx and snowshoe hare pelt data by the Hudson Bay Company did not fit the classical predator–prey theory. Rather than following the peak density of the hare, that of the lynx leads it, creating the hares-eat-lynx (HEL) paradox. Although trappers were suspected to play a role, no mathematical model has ever demonstrated the HEL effect. Here we show that the long-held assumption that the pelt number is a proxy of the wild populations is false and that when the (...) data are modeled by the harvest rates by the trappers, the problem is finally resolved: both the HEL paradox and the classical theory are unified in our mechanistic hare-lynx-competitor-trapper (HLCT) model where competitor stands for all predators of the hares other than the lynx. The result is obtained by systematically fitting the data to various models using Newton’s inverse problem method. Main findings of this study include: the prey-eats-predator paradox in kills by an intraguild top-predator can occur if the top-predator prefers the predator to the prey; the benchmark HLCT model is more sensitive to all lynx-trapper interactions than to the respective hare-trapper interactions; the Hudson Bay Company’s hare pelt number maybe under-reported; and, the most intriguing of all, the trappers did not interfere in each other’s trapping activities. (shrink)

The behavior of somatic stem cells is regulated by their niche. Interaction between hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their niches are a representative model to understand stem cell‐niche interplay. Here, we provide an overview of crosstalk between HSCs and their niches in bone marrow and extramedullary organs following the life journey of HSCs from emergence, development, maturation until aging. We highlight the unique differences of HSC niches in different life stages within various organs focusing on recent literature to propose new (...) speculations and hypotheses. (shrink)