This article describes a survey among Finnish business students to find answers to the following questions: How do business students define a well-run company? What are their attitudes on the responsibilities of business in society? Do the attitudes of women students differ from those of men? What is the influence of business education on these attitudes? Our sample comprised 217 students pursuing a master's degree in business studies at two Finnish universities. The results show that, as a whole, students valued (...) the stakeholder model of the company more than the shareholder model. However, attitudes differed according to gender: women students were more in favor of the stakeholder model and placed more weight on corporate ethical, environmental, and societal responsibilities than their men counterparts - both at the beginning and at the end of their studies. Thus, no gender socialization effect of business school education could be observed in this sense. Business school education was found to shape women and men students' attitudes in two ways. Firstly, valuation of the shareholder model increased and, secondly, the importance of equal-opportunity employment decreased in the course of education. This raises the question whether the educational context is creating an undesirable tendency among future business professionals. The results further suggest that the sociocultural context can make a difference in how corporate social responsibility is perceived. The article also discusses possible ways to influence the attitudes of business students. (shrink)

Higher education institutions need to address the global polycrisis. This organizational study delves into Finnish universities´ sustainability programs, management challenges and what are the stifling factors for implementation despite the accelerating sustainability and CSR commitments. This chapter introduces how differences between universities´ talk, decisions, and actions appear in the context of Finnish universities. Hypocrisy, greenwashing, and aspirational talk will be discussed, and managerial implications for transformational change in the organizations will be introduced. Empirical study is based on Finnish universities, 14 (...) in total, all committed to national theses on advancing sustainable development. By using mixed methods, grounded theory, and Gioia method, walking the talk is examined. Strong stakeholder expectations and moderate priority of sustainability implementation seem to lead to hypocritical activities. Factors and impulses supporting and weakening the SD-CSR implementation are mapped, and universities are categorized into four groups in terms of differences between the sustainability talk and walk: beginners, followers, question marks, and forerunners. The typical challenges are strong but ambiguous commitment combined with low implementation, minimal human and other resources, unclear organizational status, ambiguous responsibilities, and temporary positions. The chapter will provide possible solutions and managerial implications on how to prevent decoupling and turn the hypocrisy into authenticity and transformative action. (shrink)

Este artículo se centra en la obra narrativa de la autora argentino-catalana-española Flavia Company (1963) y analiza el uso experimental de las formas y los géneros de la tradición literaria, centrándose fundamentalmente en el texto Dame placer (1999). Se propone una lectura de esta novela en diálogo temático-formal con otras obras literarias—propias y ajenas—, así como transformación de la tradición epistolar de las heroínas literarias seducidas y abandonadas. Igualmente, se pone de manifiesto la cuidadosa labor de la autora para escribir (...) la pasión en la anatomía del texto así como la búsqueda de la complicidad lectora, a través de la contrafigura de la narrataria. (shrink)

One of the big problems of the philosophy of politics is the regard of violence and conflict, both of them presented through a double critical perspective: On one hand, violence is considered to be in the base of politics and represents an unbeatable phenomenon, besides being its starting point and condition. On the other hand, violence is considered a dissolving element of the political domain. This piece of writing is focused on the central thesis proposed by Schmitt and Arendt upon (...) violence: as a condition and dissolution of politics respectively. The confrontation of Schmitt´s and Arendt’s positions expresses a dilemma that serves as a starting point: assuming violence as a condition and axis of the political life, or stating the exclusion of theoretical reflections upon violence as a core element in this political space. Thus, it is possible to postulate that the solution is in assuming violence as a fact of political life and overcoming it through dialogue and discourse of the political society. (shrink)

The contribution describes the results of a research on the work activity of counselors in the field of Accreditation of Prior Learning. From an ethnographic observations conducted in a training Social Work organization, we analyse the activity of the counselors during the interviews with the candidates they guide. We seek to understand how the activity they deploy can support the candidate’s development of an experience discourse about his or her work. The research focuses both on the transformations of the candidate’s (...) discourses of experience and on the ways in which what is said about work is transformed within the dialogue between the candidate and the counselor. The question of the counselor’s contribution is central to understanding the development of the discourse of experience in this context. We propose here some answers to this problem based on the analysis of real dialogues by highlighting how different types of movements can be identified in the counselor / candidate exchanges contributing to the developmental dynamic observed. (shrink)

This book conceptualizes and clarifies the meaning of sustainable performance, approaching it holistically from different perspectives. It focuses on challenges related to movements to transform the world economy into more modern, resource-efficient, and competitive, while keeping in mind harmonization of environmental, social, and governance objectives. This has brought along new initiatives and undertakings that invite people, communities, and organizations to participate in building greener and more sustainable future. The book discusses the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), EU Green Deal and (...) Climate Pact, and Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) metrics. It tackles policies and strategies that integrate sustainable practices into business activities to align with these goals, focusing on the increasing number of regulations, such as ESG Reporting, Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation (SFDR), Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD), and Green Taxonomy. The book highlights new challenges organizations will face as they navigate their way through these goals and regulations, and provides practical coping tips. It is divided into four main parts which consecutively discuss and analyze the concepts and approaches more generally in the first part, challenges, approaches, and metrics on green and sustainable performance on regional and local level in the second part; and on companies' level in the third part; and how top-down (public sector) and bottom-up (private sector) approaches meet. Finally, in the fourth part, the book showcases concrete cases and best practices related to the above-described topics showing how the challenges related to green and sustainable performance have been turned to new opportunities and competitive advantage in different organizations in different industries. The book is a valuable resource for not only academia, researchers, master, and doctoral level students (especially in the sustainability courses), and executive trainings, but also practitioners, politicians, public officials, and organizational leaders interested in turning their organizations into more sustainable units. (shrink)

Objetiva compreender elementos constituintes das fotografias como documentos arquivísticos de valor secundário, isso a partir da análise de práticas documentárias e culturais que incidem sobre produção do arquivo no âmbito do programa extensionista ´Entre Comunidades´. Os procedimentos metodológicos adotados correspondem à pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e arquivística para atender ao objetivo. Evidencia-se que os valores arquivísticos são elementos constituintes das fotografias como documentos arquivísticos de valor secundário, associando-os às práticas documentárias, de ativação da memória e de mediação cultural. Concluiu-se que a (...) fotografia possui valores culturais, notadamente valor estético ou formal, sendo objeto de mediação cultural. (shrink)

O presente resumo expandido refere-se ao trabalho de pesquisa que buscou utilizar as caraterísticas do jazz, enquanto manifestação cultural musical, como referência para elaboração de questões no campo da Ciência da Informação. Para tanto, coloca-se o jazz como expressão que, dentro do mundo globalizado, consagrou dinâmicas de produção que, mesmo que absorvidas pela hegemonia, são antagonistas às formas do pensamento ocidental. Para os fins do presente trabalho, interessa-nos a característica, no jazz, da irreprodutibilidade como valor intrínseco de sua existência. Esse (...) esforço de construção textual tem o objetivo de analisar a irreprodutibilidade como dinâmica partindo do contexto do jazz e suas implicações para o campo da Ciência da Informação. Nesse sentido, com base na teoria de pensadores como Walter Benjamin e outros como Eric J. Hobsbaw e Kevin McGarry, apresentamos uma pesquisa na forma de ensaio teórico, de caráter bibliográfico. A metodologia é composta pela leitura e interpretação de conceitos, com reflexões encadeadas e expostas no formato de texto ordenado, referenciando as leituras e autores de modo construir um caminho lógico e válido, buscando construir as características da irreprodutibilidade a partir do jazz, entendendo como a irreprodutibilidade implica outros modos perpetuação no tempo e propor questões a serem movimentadas no campo da Ciência da Informação a partir dos resultados das questões anteriores. O resultado das reflexões desenvolvidas é de que a compreensão de dinâmicas não hegemônicas de manutenção de memória, como a irreprodutibilidade, são fundamentais para o entendimento do valor de culturas que estão à margem das tecnologias e das culturas consagradas e já adequadas ao discurso científico. Entendemos que a criação do campo de estudo da Ciência da Informação é fruto direto do desenvolvimento tecnológico e das necessidades de gestão operacional dos dados decorrentes da tecnologia de comunicação. Esse caminho, pela perspectiva das possibilidades de reprodução, vai ao encontro da análise da sociedade capitalista proposta por Walter Benjamin ao tratar da reprodutibilidade técnica. Mesmo não tratando, no caso dos estudos informacionais, da obra de arte, a afirmação do filósofo alemão conversa perfeitamente com a noção de um desenvolvimento técnico permanente em torno das possibilidades de reprodução. A própria razão de ser da Ciência da Informação é baseada na lógica, colocada também por Benjamin em relação à obra de arte, da democratização do objeto por meio do seu acesso imediato: a recuperação da informação e o contato com seu usuário. Esse propósito, inclusive, se inicia, tecnologicamente, na invenção da imprensa e suas possibilidades de difusão pela reprodução. (shrink)

The present essay analyzes an eighteenth-century phase of the querelle des monstres and highlights two main points. 1) As the cases of Lémery and Winslow demonstrate, in the period when preformation was the dominant view, the dispute over the origin of monsters carried into the very field of preformation the contrast which had originally opposed it to the now defeated model of epigenesis, namely the alternative between mechanical genesis and pre-existence of the monstrous form itself. 2) One of the most (...) important episodes in the shift of teratology from a primarily theological or metaphysical issue to a purely natural one was due to Albrecht von Haller. Haller shifted the dispute from anatomy to embryology; and it is on an embryological base and not on metaphysics that he built his own demonstration of the original nature of the monster. He was furthermore the only scientist of authority who dealt with teratology from an epigenetic standpoint. His numerous changes of view in the field of embryology did in fact never affect his early adherence to the thesis of original monstrosity. (shrink)

Au début du XVIIIe siècle, une querelle éclate entre deux chimistes français à propos de la fabrication artificielle du fer. C’est en fait un conflit entre une interprétation mécaniste des processus chimiques et une approche plus traditionnelle, soupçonnée d’emprunter ses thèses à l’alchimie, mais qui sera pourtant à l’origine de la table des affinités qui sera adoptée par tous les chimistes jusqu’au début du XIXe siècle.

Dans cet article, je propose de reprendre la position de Fontenelle à l’endroit de la chimie. C’est une science qu’il connaît mal avant de devenir Secrétaire de l’Académie Royale des Sciences, et dont il doit, comme Secrétaire de l’institution, chercher une légitimité qu’il a contesté à titre personnel. Or la façon dont il rend compte des mémoires de chimie montre que Fontenelle accompagne l’évolution de cette science à partir de 1699, en se montrant ouvert à ce qu’elle propose de nouveauté. (...) Certes, il rejette ce qu’il identifie comme chimie ancienne, en coupant ainsi la chimie du début du 18e siècle de son histoire. Cette opération rhétorique ne doit pas tromper et ne signifie pas qu’il considère que la chimie qui se fait sous ses yeux n’est pas un savoir. Au contraire, il salue ce qui la met sur la voie de la science. Cela le conduit sans doute à insister sur tous les éléments mécanistes utilisés par certains chimistes. S’en tenir là reviendrait toutefois à manquer son importante réflexion sur les affinités à partir de 1718 : pour Fontenelle, elles donnent la « loi fondamentale » de la chimie. La recherche des affinités, en tant qu’elles sont distinctes de l’attraction newtonienne ou des anciennes sympathies occultes, instituent pour Fontenelle la chimie comme une science de plein droit, même si elle échappe à l’explication mécaniste. (shrink)

L?acte constitutif de l?histoire culturelle contemporaine?tait la coupure avec les presuppositions?pist?mologiques et m?thodologiques de l?histoire?conomique et sociale. Le champ nouveau de l?historiographie, rompant avec?la tradition historiographique?, s?est fond? sur le nouveau?mat?rialisme? et sur la th?orie de la r?pr?sentation. Une question inqui?tante cepandant s?impose: dans quelle mesure les conceptualisations et les m?thodologies de l?histoire contemporaine ne sont que costumes nouveaux pour vieux engagements de l?histoire? Le mat?rialisme nouveau ne d?guise-t-il pas la vieille pratique des historiens de rassembler des?faits?? La th?orie de (...) la r?pr?sentation ne d?guise-t-elle pas l?id?e des m?ntalit?s? Si la r?ponse est affirmatif, il faut poser une nouvelle question: Les grandes luttes dans le champ de l?histoire ne sont-elles pas des strat?gies d?oubli qui essaient d?effacer la m?moire de l?historiographie recente et de ses effets cognitifs? Konstitutivni cin za savremenu kulturnu istoriju bio je raskid sa epistemoloskim i metodoloskim pretpostavkama ekonomske i socijalne istorije. Novo polje istoriografije, raskidajuci sa?tradicionalnom istoriografijom?, pronaslo je oslonac u?novom materijalizmu? i teoriji reprezentacije. Namece se, medjutim, jedno pitanje koje stvara zabrinutost: u kojoj meri su konceptulizacije i metodologije savremene istorije samo novo ruho starih zaloga istorije? Ne krije li novi materijalizam stare prakse istoricara da prikupljaju?c?injenice?? Ne krije li teorija reprezentacije ideju mentaliteta? Ukoliko je odgovor potvrdan, treba postaviti novo pitanje: nisu li velike borbe koje se odvijaju u polju istorije strategije zaborava kojima se pokusava izbrisati secanje na skorasnju istoriografiju i posledice koje je ona imala po spoznaju? (shrink)

Axiological foundations of free speach. Belandria, Margarita y González R., Javier Voluntad, ausencias, y normas: el sustrato histórico del positivismo en el derecho. Will, absences and norms: the historical background of positivism in law. Carpintero Benítez, Francisco Nominalismo jurídico, escolástica española y tradición republicana. Juridical nominalism, spanish scholasticism and republican tradition. Casanova Guerra, Carlos El primer principio de la razón práctica en la teoría de la ley natural de John Finnis. The first principle of practical reason in John Finnis´s natural (...) law theory. Hocevar G., Mayda G. El derecho a una educación integral de calidad, ¿utopía o posibilidad?. The right to an integral education of quality: utopia or possibility?. López de Cordero, Mery La muerte de la imagen. The death of the image. Peña, Edilio Karl Jaspers: autorreflexión y "existenzerhellung". Karl jaspers: self-reflection and "existenzerhellung". Portuondo Pajón, Gladys L. Derechos humanos y positivismo moderado. Human rights and temperated positivism. Ramos Pascua, José Antonio De la libertad y sus apariencias. On liberty and its appearances. Ramis Muscato, Pompeyo Pensamiento y vida: la "guía" zambraniana. Thought and life: zambrano's "guide" Rivara Kamaji, Greta Interdisciplinares Las mujeres en la ciencia de la salud. Women in the health sciences. Alcaraz Ariza, María Ángeles Cultura arquitectónica y crisis de la contemporaneidad. Architectural culture and crisis of the contemporary. Arellano Spinetti, Leonardo Recensiones Homenaje al filósofo venezolano Alberto Rosales. Walton, Roberto Informaciones Índice acumulado. (shrink)

U prvom delu ovog teksta autorka se bavi teorijskim i metodoloskim posledicama upotrebe pojma polja Pierrea Bourdieua u istrazivanju oblasti knjizevne proizvodnje. Ove posledice su ispitane kroz opozicije karakteristicne za tradicionalnu sociologiju umetnosti i knjizevnosti, izmedju sociologije i hermeneutike, internalisticke i eksternalisticke analize konteksta i teksta, sadrzaja i forme, socijalnog i estetskog. Drugi deo je posvecen analizi glavnih ideja Bourdieuove sociologije kulturne proizvodnje. Teorija knjizevnog polja koju predlaze Bourdieu, dopusta da se razume specificnost svojstava i zakona polja knjizevne proizvodnje. Ispituje (...) se u kojoj meri je ovaj sociolog modifikovao svoj metod analize da bi realno konstruisao polje proizvodjaca kulturnih dela, polje dela, kao i sistem odnosa koji se uspostavljaju izmedju ova dva skupa odnosa. (shrink)

What resources does Merleau-Ponty’s account of the body schema offer to the Fanonian one? First I show that Merleau-Ponty’s theory of the body schema is already a theory of affect: one that does not oppose affects to intentionality, positioning them not only as sense but as force, cultivating affective agencies rather than constituting static sense content. Then I argue that by foregrounding the role of affect in both thinkers, we can understand the way in which the historical-racial schema innovates, anticipating (...) and influencing feminist theories of the affective turn – especially Sara Ahmed’s theory of affective economies. The historical-racial schema posits the constitution of affective agencies on a sociogenic scale, and these affective economies in turn account for the possibility of the collapse of the body schema into a racial epidermal schema, a disjunction of affective intentionality Fanon calls “affective tetanization.” Quelles ressources l’analyse du schéma corporel faite par Merleau-Ponty fournit-elle au schéma historico-racial proposé par Fanon? En premier lieu, je vise à montrer que la théorie du schéma corporel de Merleau-Ponty est déjà une théorie de l’affect : une théorie qui n’oppose pas les affects à l’intentionnalité, qui ne les considère pas seulement comme un sens, mais comme une force, en cultivant des agentivités affectives plutôt qu’en constituant des contenus de sens statiques. Ensuite, j’affirmerai qu’en mettant en premier plan le rôle de l’affect chez ces deux penseurs, nous pouvons comprendre les innovations qu’apporte le schéma historico-racial, en anticipant et en influençant les théories féministes du tournant affectif – surtout la théorie de Sara Ahmed au sujet des économies affectives. Le schéma historico-racial établit la constitution d’agentivités affectives sur une échelle sociogénique, et ces économies affectives expliquent à leur tour la possibilité d’une dégradation du schéma corporel en schéma épidermique racial, une disjonction de l’intentionnalité affective que Fanon appelle « tétanisation affective ».Quali risorse può offrire la nozione merleau-pontiana di schema corporeo a quella di Fanon? In primo luogo, mi propongo di mostrare che la teoria dello schema corporeo elaborata da Merleau-Ponty è allo stesso tempo una teoria dell’affetto: una teoria che non oppone la dimensione degli affetti all’intenzionalità, poiché li considera non solo come senso ma come forze, in quanto implicano delle agentività affettive piuttosto che costituire meri contenuti statici di senso. Intendo quindi sostenere che mettendo in evidenza il ruolo dell’affetto in questi due autori sia possibile comprendere il portato innovativo dello schema storico-razziale, che anticipa e influenza le teorie femministe legate all’affective turn – e in particolare la teoria delle economie affettive elaborata da Sara Ahmed. Lo schema storico-razziale afferma la costituzione di agentività affettive a un livello sociogenetico, mentre le economie affettive rendono conto della possibilità del collasso dello schema corporeo in uno schema razziale epidermico, una disgiunzione dell’intenzionalità affettiva che Fanon definisce “tetanizzazione affettiva”. (shrink)

Slovenske oklicne knjige so nazoren primer, kako je slovenščina v 18. in 19. stoletju pri vodenju kronoloških cerkvenih evidenc te vrste zamenjala latinščino. Šlo je za neposredno opiranje na latinske obrazce, pri čemer so iz praktičnih razlogov že prej našle mesto v latinskih oklicnih knjigah posamezne slovenske besede in besedne zveze. Prve oklicne knjige s slovenskimi oklici se pojavijo kmalu za prvimi znanimi latinskimi knjigami ženitnih oklicev v začetku 18. stoletja. Njihovo mesto, vloga in pomen v starejšem slovenskem pismenstvu so (...) do nedavnega ostajali premalo ovrednoteni glede na vsebinsko bogastvo in enkratno možnost spremljanja govorjene besede, kakršno je bilo skozi stoletja slišati s prižnic župnijskih cerkva. Pričakovati je mogoče, da bo sčasoma vendarle prišla na površje še kakšna knjiga iz obravnavanega obdobja, še prej pa, da bomo naleteli na (posamične) vpise slovenskih oklicev v poročnih in drugih matičnih knjigah. Osrednji predmet obravnave je oklicna knjiga ljubljanske stolne župnije Sv. Nikolaja, najstarejša samostojna oklicna knjiga na Slovenskem sploh. Pokriva časovni razpon dobrih dveh desetletij 1737–1759 in je v primerjavi z drugimi, nastalimi do začetka 19. stoletja, zelo obsežna, saj vsebuje kar 2319 oklicev. Navzlic ponavljajočim se obrazcem in temu ustrezni vsebinski skromnosti je njen pomen večstranski. Gre za enega najdaljših slovenskih rokopisov in sploh za najobsežnejši primer poluradnega poslovanja pred razsvetljensko dobo. Poleg te posebnosti gre izpostaviti pomen knjige kot dokumenta časa: zapisa govorjene, široki javnosti namenjene besede, kakršno je bilo moč slišati s prižnice ljubljanske stolnice. V dokumentiranem jeziku stolne duhovščine se poleg jezikovnih posebnosti in zanimivosti odraža bogata bera tedanje slovenske mestne toponimike in antroponimike, kakor tudi socialna strukturiranost, izražena tako rekoč v vseh obstoječih odtenkih naslavljanj in poimenovanj. Uporabna vrednost ljubljanske oklicne knjige je tem večja, ker obravnava mestno okolje s pisano paleto njegovih stanovskih in poklicnih poimenovanj, ki jih je podeželje poznalo v precej manjši meri. (shrink)

Respecto del pasaje en cuestión (Verg. Ecl. 9. 44-55), la tradición manuscrita no se muestra uniforme: la mayor parte de los MSS asignan los vv. 46-50 a Meris; algunos pocos (M y γ) los asignan a Lícidas. El artículo aporta fundamentación en favor de la atribución de esos versos a Lícidas; repasa diversas soluciones adoptadas en ediciones y comentarios recientes, incluyendo la última edición crítica (Ottaviano, 2013), en la que se adopta (equivocadamente, a nuestro criterio) la enmienda nisi en el (...) v. 45. A continuación, las cuatro evocaciones de canto realizadas por Lícidas y Meris son analizadas en el marco de dos oportunos señalamientos de Schmidt (1972): a. el particular concepto de ‘autoría’ que rige en la ficción de oralidad propia de la poesía bucólica; b. la relación que se establece en la égloga entre el contenido de esas evocaciones y las categorías de poeta y uates declaradas en los vv. 32-36. (shrink)

Članek ponovno odpira razpravo o recepciji dela Louisa Althusserja v teoriji in kritiki kulture v luči nedavnih angleških prevodov posthumnih del tega francoskega filozofa, vključno z nedokončanim Sur la reproduction, ki vsebuje tudi spis »Ideologija in ideološki aparati države«. Izmed marksističnih mislecev njegove generacije ni bil nihče v tolikšni meri tarča očitkov teoreticizma in političnega odpadništva kot prav Althusser, kar Rancière opisuje kot »althusserjansko zanikanje političnih učinkov«. Članek predstavi pregled zgodovinskih teženj in nasprotnih teženj, ki jih najdemo v Althusserjevih (...) spisih med »dolgimi šestdesetimi«, in trdi, da ne smemo podcenjevati vloge teorije in teoretikov v prid osvobajajočih praks maja 1968, ampak moramo Althusserjev domnevni teoreticizem misliti v kontekstu politično motiviranih teoretskih bojev in rivalstev, ki so določali »politiko njegovega časa«. V zaključku opažamo, da bi preusmeritev pozornosti k tem bojem lahko pripeljala do drugačnega pojmovanja vloge teorije po letu ‘68. (shrink)

Come possiamo comprendere i fallimenti delle azioni collettive di fronte ai super-wicked problem come il cambiamento climatico e la disinformazione online? A partire da questa domanda, il libro esplora le architetture concettuali dei beni sociali, mettendo in luce i limiti delle interpretazioni che si basano principalmente sulle teorie economiche dei beni pubblici. Adottando un approccio di ontologia sociale applicata, il volume sviluppa due contributi teorici principali. In primo luogo, argomenta l’esistenza di beni collettivi ontologicamente irriducibili a meri vantaggi individuali (...) e dipendenti da specifici tipi di cooperazione. In secondo luogo, viene proposta una tassonomia organica dei beni individuali, gruppali e collettivi che identifica interdipendenze ontologiche tra di essi e introduce le nozioni di "bene connettivo" (come la fiducia) e "bene trasformativo" (per esempio, processi di sensemaking). Attraverso l'analisi di casi empirici – dalla gestione delle risorse comuni, ai contesti festivi, fino ai conflitti eco-sociali – viene infine valutata l’efficacia ermeneutica di questa classificazione. Il risultato è uno strumento teorico descrittivo flessibile, che si colloca oltre le dicotomie tra agency individuali e collettive, offrendo una cornice interdisciplinare per comprendere la genesi e il mantenimento del cambiamento sociale in contesti ad alta polarizzazione. -- How can we understand the failures of collective action in the face of "super-wicked problems," such as climate change and online disinformation? This volume explores the conceptual architecture of social goods, challenging the limitations of models based exclusively on economic theories of public goods. Adopting an applied social ontology perspective, this work develops two fundamental theoretical contributions. First, it argues for the existence of collective goods that are ontologically irreducible to individual benefits, the subsistence of which is contingent upon specific forms of cooperation. Second, the text proposes an organic taxonomy of goods—individual, group, and collective—that highlights their ontological interdependencies, introducing the original notions of "connective goods" (e.g., trust) and "transformative goods" (e.g., shared sensemaking processes). By integrating conceptual analysis with empirical case studies—ranging from the management of common resources to the dynamics of eco-social conflicts—the volume offers a flexible descriptive tool. The objective is to transcend the dichotomy between individual agency and social structure, providing an interdisciplinary framework for understanding the genesis and maintenance of social change in highly polarized contexts. (shrink)

Axiological foundations of free speach. Belandria, Margarita y González R., Javier Voluntad, ausencias, y normas: el sustrato histórico del positivismo en el derecho. Will, absences and norms: the historical background of positivism in law. Carpintero Benítez, Francisco Nominalismo jurídico, escolástica española y tradición republicana. Juridical nominalism, spanish scholasticism and republican tradition. Casanova Guerra, Carlos El primer principio de la razón práctica en la teoría de la ley natural de John Finnis. The first principle of practical reason in John Finnis´s natural (...) law theory. Hocevar G., Mayda G. El derecho a una educación integral de calidad, ¿utopía o posibilidad?. The right to an integral education of quality: utopia or possibility?. López de Cordero, Mery La muerte de la imagen. The death of the image. Peña, Edilio Karl Jaspers: autorreflexión y "existenzerhellung". Karl jaspers: self-reflection and "existenzerhellung". Portuondo Pajón, Gladys L. Derechos humanos y positivismo moderado. Human rights and temperated positivism. Ramos Pascua, José Antonio De la libertad y sus apariencias. On liberty and its appearances. Ramis Muscato, Pompeyo Pensamiento y vida: la "guía" zambraniana. Thought and life: zambrano's "guide" Rivara Kamaji, Greta Interdisciplinares Las mujeres en la ciencia de la salud. Women in the health sciences. Alcaraz Ariza, María Ángeles Cultura arquitectónica y crisis de la contemporaneidad. Architectural culture and crisis of the contemporary. Arellano Spinetti, Leonardo Recensiones Homenaje al filósofo venezolano Alberto Rosales. Walton, Roberto Informaciones Índice acumulado. (shrink)

Drawing on the recent discussion about the role information intermediaries play in affecting corporate responsibility adoption, we analyze the representation of CR issues in a business infomediary distributed by a leading business organization. The explicit task of the business infomediary is to promote a competitive national business environment. This paper contributes to research on CR, by providing new knowledge on the current CR discourse within the business community, and research on infomediaries, by introducing a distinction between watchdog-oriented and business-oriented infomediaries. (...) The findings show that the business infomediary promotes green practices and constructs a national business identity in terms of environmental business when responsible practices are voluntary. We argue that as business-oriented infomediaries shape the meaning of CR according to their own interests, signifiers that refer to the positive contributions of business become preferred in the articles. (shrink)

This chapter contains sections titled: European Positivism through a Latin American Lens Latin American Positivism Latin American Positivism Compared The Legacy of Nineteenth‐Century Positivism in Latin America References Further Reading.

By the end of World War II, Iraq entered an era of progress, whether in the economy, social culture, or urban development. The flourishing economy that followed the increase in oil revenue was the main factor that motivated and drove the urban development processes and forged its new foreign policy, precisely after increasing Iraq’s income around four times in one year. This raised the oil’s importance and made it part of the political and economic struggles, whether between Iraq and the (...) West or, significantly, between Iraqi governments and the local people. Thus, to manage and deal judiciously with this enormous budget, the government calls for an economic reform program to be incorporated into the new general policy. This was achieved by establishing a semi-autonomous institution that would concentrate its efforts on a more comprehensive development program. Founding the Iraqi Development Board (IDB) was an ambitious step to develop and modernize the country through exploiting the oil revenues wisely. Paul W.T. Kingston argues that the Development Board could be considered one of the pioneering institutions in the Middle East and the emerging Third World that led to Iraq’s development despite the internal and regional political upheavals. Within this changing economy, Baghdad was recognized as a promising city that experienced a series of dramatic changes associated with political, industrial, educational, and social-cultural changes. This vital environment helped to emerge and shape new movements of architecture that aimed to enhance the presence of Baghdad as a capital city, in addition to empowering political independence and reshaping the national identity. The proposed chapter aims to explore and understand the emergence of the city and the notion of national identity. It interweaves and argues a variety of discussions around the social-cultural, economic, and political environment that shaped Baghdad as a modern capital of the new nation and the different political machinations that manipulated the architecture and the master plan of the city to enforce its legitimation and its independence vision. It traces the period between 1948 and 1968 when various political powers worked to re-identify the national identity and mobilize the city’s urban development as a tool to reinforce its different ideologies. (shrink)

Discute a pertinência do quanto o uso dos conceitos de mal banal e mal radical se esboçam como potenciais referências analíticas para a compreender os processos de desinformação que circulam na esfera pública, em especial nas plataformas de rede social, como forma de fomentar uma problematização que defende que essas manifestações encontram-se fundamentadas tanto na pauperização interpretativa dos sujeitos e coletividades, quanto no ódio reproduzido de forma instrumental, perpetuado em razão de interesses políticos, econômicos e religiosos. Dessa forma, o presente (...) estudo apresenta aspectos relativos às noções de mal radical (Kant) e sua rearticulação na obra de Arendt (mal banal e mal radical), os relacionando, aos conceitos de desinformação, de esfera pública e de mundo da vida como forma de teorizar o quanto a desinformação inviabiliza a ampliação de atos inter locucionários e o entendimento intersubjetivo no âmbito da política. (shrink)

O presente estudo pretende dialogar sobre o conceito contemporâneo da informação como veículo democrático. A informação na contemporaneidade tem sido banalizada, haja vista que ela é um instrumento de poder já que tem a capacidade de se comunicar com o seu meio e, ao mesmo tempo, é usada como estratégia de dominação. A democracia, governo de muitos, busca integrar interesse de todos na tentativa de criar um ambiente equânime de tomada de decisões. De um lado temos a informação e todas (...) as suas nuanças e, do outro, a manipulação dela fundamentada no discurso de que corrobora para o movimento democrático. O tema é fronteiriço, arenoso e recorrente direcionado a seguinte pergunta de investigação: quais são as teorias produzidas no campo da informação que corroboram com o desenvolvimento de habilidades e competências na tomada de decisão democrática? Cabe refletir sobre os fundamentos da democracia deliberativa a partir de Jürgen Habermas dentro do contexto da teoria crítica, trazendo à tona, desse modo, a ideia da competência crítica em informação. Na tentativa de operar e sustentar este estudo, utilizaremos, como inspiração, o autor supracitado, para (re)pensar pressupostos teóricos da Ciência da Informação, e, por conseguinte, buscar responder à questão de investigação que orienta esse processo de investigação dialógico, porém, não se encerrando nela para procurar pensar a competência em informação na sociedade contemporânea. (shrink)

The division of interests in key health policy areas are not necessarily between rich and poor countries, but between pharmaceutical industry interests and health policy interests on the one hand, and national industrial and trade policy interests and public health policies on the other.

The analysis of the impact of economic globalisation on health depends on how it is defined and should consider how it shapes both health and health policies. I first discuss the ways in which economic globalisation can and has been defined and then why it is important to analyse its impact both in terms of health and health policies. I then explore the ways in which economic globalisation influences health and health policies and how this relates to equity, social justice, (...) and the role of values and social rights in societies. Finally, I argue that the process of economic globalisation provides a common challenge for all health systems across the globe and requires a broader debate on values, accountability, and policy approaches. (shrink)

This book presents a study of the cult of saints among Muslims and Jews in medieval Syria and the Near East. Through case studies of saints and their devotees, discussion of the architecture of monuments, examination of devotional objects, and analysis of ideas of ‘holiness’, the book depicts the practices of living religion and explores the common heritage of all three monotheistic faiths. Critical readings of a wide range of contemporary sources — travel writing, geographical works, pilgrimage guides, legal writings, (...) historical sources, hagiography, and biography — reveal a vibrant religious culture in which the veneration of saints and pilgrimage to tombs and shrines were fundamental. (shrink)

During the last decade, any questionable or illegal behaviour on the part of businesses has received considerable attention in the media. Using a critical discursive perspective, we here investigate how the media constructs one type of questionable business as illegitimate. Our data draw upon articles dealing with cartels and cartel agreements in Finnish business media covering the five year period 2002-2007. Our contributions are following: We add to the current literature on CSR and national businesses, suggesting that regardless of globalization (...) sociocultural history plays an important role in constructing the illegitimacy of business practices. We therefore emphasize the importance of media as an arena where social actors construct the social contract between business and society. We further contribute to studies on questionable business by reconstructing a discursive framework used to construct cartels and cartel agreements. (shrink)

After a quick overview of the field of study known as “Lexical Semantics”, where we advocate the need of accessing additional information besides syntax and Montague-style semantics at the lexical level in order to complete the full analysis of an utterance, we summarize the current formulations of a well-known theory of that field. We then propose and justify our own model of the Generative Lexicon Theory, based upon a variation of classical compositional semantics, and outline its formalization. Additionally, we discuss (...) the theoretical place of informational, knowledge-related data supposed to exist within the lexicon as well as within discourse and other linguistic constructs. The formalization of the structure of natural language utterances around a surface form (phenogrammatics), a deep structure (tectogrammatics) and the meaning thereof as a logical form (semantics) has developed from the original theories of Curry and Montague to form coherent, type-driven models. Most of these new theories rely upon variations of the compositional analysis of the sentence: from pheno to tectogrammatics, and then to semantics. Our contribution to this work aims at giving such a model a means to overcome the problems posed by polysemous lexical units during the semantical analysis of the tectogrammatical form. Building upon an assumed “deep structure”, we formalize parts of Pustejovsky’s Generative Lexicon Theory, linguistically motivated in Pustejovsky (The generative lexicon, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1995), in a pre-processing of the semantics of the sentence. The mechanisms of Lexical Semantics we propose are an additional layer of classical Montague compositional semantics, and, as such, integrate smoothly within such an analysis; we proceed by converting the lexical data to modifiers of the logical form. This treatment of Lexical Semantics furthermore induces us to think that some sort of non-evident background knowledge of the common use of words is necessary to perform a correct semantic analysis of an utterance. This “commonsense metaphysics” would therefore not be strictly confined to pragmatics, as is often assumed. (shrink)

The role of governments in business and society research has remained underexplored, and recent studies have called for further investigations of mechanisms of government intervention. In response to this call, this article studies how nation branding communication can govern businesses toward sustainability by providing qualifications for sustainable business, legitimizing these qualifications, and attaching national aspirations to business conduct that meets these qualifications. A comparative exploratory analysis of the nation branding materials of Denmark and Finland shows that while the two nations (...) qualify business sustainability in similar ways, differences exist in the legitimization of business sustainability and the national aspirations attached to sustainable business conduct. Both countries emphasize principles of efficiency and renewability in their sustainability qualifications. However, while Finland clearly seeks to attract firms to the local business environment to increase exports and improve the local economy, Denmark ascribes more heterogeneous value to sustainable business. (shrink)

Este artigo objetiva compreender a essência antropológica dos conceitos de mediação implícita e explícita, principalmente, com base nas pesquisas de Oswaldo Francisco Almeida Júnior sob um viés fenomenológico. Trata-se de uma pesquisa teórica e bibliográfica de caráter exploratório-descritivo, com uma abordagem qualitativa e procedimento metodológico baseado na construção do conhecimento científico produzido por Telma Cristiane Sasso de Lima e Regina Célia Tamaso Mioto que consubstanciam três fases de análise da pesquisa: investigação das soluções, análise explicativa e síntese integradora, tendo como (...) referencial teórico o que foi produzido por pesquisadores, como Oswaldo Francisco de Almeida Júnior, Sueli Bortolin, João Arlindo dos Santos Neto, Angela Ales Bello e Giovanni Reale. No processo de pesquisa, percebe-se a manifestação do fenômeno estudado de forma teórica pela pesquisa bibliográfica e pela prática exemplificada por meio de relato de contexto didático-pedagógico de estudo de lendas, como ação cultural que se manifesta em uma essência antropológica, pois tanto a mediação da informação, quanto a informação só possuem sua existência e a manifestação fenomenológica do seu ser em uma vivência informacional na interação de pessoas humanas, nos sujeitos envolvidos no processo da mediação da informação. O fenômeno da mediação da informação é apreendido mediante a vivência fenomenológica como um ato antropológico. O trabalho possibilitou identificar o estudo da mediação da informação a partir da análise e da incorporação de elementos da Antropologia Filosófica e da Fenomenologia, compreendendo que o centro das ações informacionais é a pessoa humana. A pesquisa poderá contribuir para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem nos campos da Ciência da Informação e da Biblioteconomia, bem como no desenvolvimento dos processos de mediação da informação para novas e futuras pesquisas. (shrink)