FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\esg
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\esg
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
escargot
Annotation Symbol
CG3758
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0287768
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
61 publicly available
Gene Summary
escargot (esg) encodes a Snail-type transcription factor that contributes to stem cell maintenance, tracheal morphogenesis and neuroblast differentiation. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

l(2)35Ce, l(2)br43, dgl, Fusion-1, wizard

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
35D2-35D2
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-51
RefSeq locus
NT_033779 REGION:15333866..15336138
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (31 terms)
Molecular Function (5 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables DNA binding
inferred from direct assay
(Fuse et al., 1996, Fuse et al., 1994)
enables DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:sc; FB:FBgn0004170
(Li et al., 2017)
inferred from direct assay
(Fuse et al., 1994)
enables RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
inferred from direct assay
(Li et al., 2017)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002810938
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002810938
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Biological Process (25 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (24 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in asymmetric neuroblast division
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:wor; FB:FBgn0001983,FLYBASE:sna; FB:FBgn0003448
(Cai et al., 2003)
involved_in branch fusion, open tracheal system
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Tanaka-Matakatsu et al., 1996)
involved_in cell fate determination
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Fuse et al., 1996)
involved_in cell fate specification
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Voog et al., 2008)
involved_in central nervous system development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Ashraf et al., 1999)
inferred from genetic interaction with UniProtKB:P08044
(Ashraf et al., 1999)
involved_in epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Tanaka-Matakatsu et al., 1996)
involved_in epithelial to mesenchymal transition
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Antonello et al., 2015)
involved_in genital disc development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Fuse et al., 1996)
involved_in germ-line stem cell population maintenance
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Streit et al., 2002)
involved_in gravitaxis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Armstrong et al., 2006)
involved_in intestinal stem cell homeostasis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Li et al., 2017)
involved_in maintenance of imaginal histoblast diploidy
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Hayashi et al., 1993)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Fuse et al., 1994)
involved_in negative regulation of DNA endoreduplication
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Fuse et al., 1994)
involved_in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription
inferred from direct assay
(Fuse et al., 1994)
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:sc; FB:FBgn0004170
(Li et al., 2017)
inferred from direct assay
(Fuse et al., 1994)
involved_in open tracheal system development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Wang et al., 2010)
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Tanaka-Matakatsu et al., 1996)
involved_in positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Hartl et al., 2011)
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Ashraf et al., 1999)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Tanaka-Matakatsu et al., 1996)
involved_in regulation of compound eye pigmentation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Lim and Tomlinson, 2006)
involved_in regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Bahrampour et al., 2017)
involved_in response to nicotine
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Sanchez-Díaz et al., 2015)
involved_in somatic stem cell population maintenance
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Li et al., 2017, Antonello et al., 2015, Antonello et al., 2015)
involved_in wing disc development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Fuse et al., 1996)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in regulation of DNA-templated transcription
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001227002
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Fuse et al., 1994)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in nucleus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002810938
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
located_in nucleus
inferred by curator from GO:0003677
(Fuse et al., 1996)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the snail C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family. (P25932)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
escargot (esg) encodes a Snail-type transcription factor that contributes to stem cell maintenance, tracheal morphogenesis and neuroblast differentiation. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
C2H2 ZINC FINGER TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS -
Zinc finger C2H2 transcription factors are sequence-specific DNA binding proteins that regulate transcription. They possess DNA-binding domains that are formed from repeated Cys2His2 zinc finger motifs. (Adapted from PMID:1835093, FBrf0220103 and FBrf0155739).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Transcription factor that can both stimulate and repress transcription. Binds to the consensus DNA sequence 5'-A/GCAGGTG-3'. Regulates cell motility and adhesion during tracheal morphogenesis by stimulating transcription of the DE-cadherin gene shg at branch tips, thereby promoting tracheal tube fusion. Maintains diploidy in imaginal cells by inhibiting the transcription of genes required for endoreplication. Required for development of the genital disk and acts as an intrinsic determinant of wing cell fate. The somatic protein is required for maintenance of male germ cells. Acts with other members of the snail protein family to control embryonic central nervous system development.
(UniProt, P25932)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

transcription factor - zinc finger - regulates the cell cycle in histoblasts - Escargot and Scratch regulate neural commitment by antagonizing Notch-activity in sensory organs - controls the sequential specification of two tracheal tip cell types by suppressing FGF signaling

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\esg for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry P25932)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.52

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
esg-RA
FBtr0080734
NM_057252
2273
470
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

2.3 (northern blot)

(Whiteley et al., 1992)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
esg-PA
FBpp0080293
52.0
470
6.87
P25932
NP_476600
AAF53458
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

470 (aa)

(Whiteley et al., 1992)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\esg using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.40

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
central brain anlage in statu nascendi
(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal ectoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral ectoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
antennal anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
antennal anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
mesectoderm anlage | subset
(Kearney et al., 2004)
embryonic stage 9
midline primordium
(Wheeler et al., 2006)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
antennal primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
anterior endoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
posterior endoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 12
midline primordium | subset
(Kearney et al., 2004)
embryonic stage 10 -- 11
posterior endoderm
(Takashima et al., 2011)
embryonic stage 11
ventral midline of embryo
(Wheeler et al., 2006)
cardiogenic mesoderm
(Ahmad et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
antennal primordium

Comment: reported as procephalon primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain primordium

Comment: reported as procephalon primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as head epidermis primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as head epidermis primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as head epidermis primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual primordium

Comment: reported as procephalon primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
anterior midgut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal imaginal tissue

Comment: reported as dorsal imaginal precursor specific anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
midline primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
posterior midgut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral imaginal tissue

Comment: reported as ventral imaginal precursor specific anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral nerve cord primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
clypeo-labral disc primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic primordium of adult eye
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval foregut atrium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal imaginal tissue
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic head epidermis
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral imaginal tissue
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 14
embryonic/larval tracheal section
(Hayashi et al., 1993)
central nervous system
(Hayashi et al., 1993)
adult midgut progenitor cell
(Takashima et al., 2011)
embryonic stage 14 -- 16
leg disc | presumptive
(Hayashi et al., 1993)
wing disc | presumptive
(Hayashi et al., 1993)
dorsal metathoracic disc primordium
(Hayashi et al., 1993)
histoblast nest
(Hayashi et al., 1993)
head
(Hayashi et al., 1993)
embryonic stage 15 -- 17
gonad

Comment: somatic cells

(Streit et al., 2002)
third instar larval stage
central nervous system
(Hayashi et al., 1993)
imaginal disc
(Hayashi et al., 1993)
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
ectoderm
(Whiteley et al., 1992)
embryonic stage & pupal stage
(Whiteley et al., 1992)
embryonic stage 8 -- 9
ventral neurectoderm
(Whiteley et al., 1992)
embryonic stage 11
ventral midline of embryo
(Whiteley et al., 1992)
embryonic stage 12
peripheral nervous system
(Whiteley et al., 1992)
embryonic stage 16
histoblast
(Whiteley et al., 1992)
haltere disc
(Whiteley et al., 1992)
wing disc
(Whiteley et al., 1992)
genital disc
(Whiteley et al., 1992)
prothoracic leg disc
(Whiteley et al., 1992)
metathoracic leg disc
(Whiteley et al., 1992)
dorsal ridge
(Whiteley et al., 1992)
mesothoracic leg disc
(Whiteley et al., 1992)
Additional Descriptive Data

In embryonic stage 10, esg is expressed in the endoderm. At stage 11, the endoderm has split into an outer layer and an inner layer. esg is lost from the outer layer but is maintained transiently in all cells of the inner layer. At stage 14, esg is expressed in a subset of the inner cells that represent the adult midgut progenitors. In larvae and pupae, esg reporters are observed in adult midgut progenitor cells. In pupae, expression is observed in cells that are precursors to the adult intestinal stem cells.

(Takashima et al., 2011)

Expression pattern inferred from unspecified enhancer trap line.

(Kearney et al., 2004)

esg transcript is detected in stage 14 of embryogenesis, in presumptive wing, leg, and haltere discs, as well as in the histoblast nests, head, trachea, and the central nervous system. At stage 16, esg transcript is still present in imaginal cells and in the presumptive head. In third instar larvae, esg transcript is expressed in the the central nervous system and in the imaginal discs. esg expression is strongest in the dorsal section of the leg, wing, haltere and eye-antennal discs of third instar larvae.

(Hayashi et al., 1993)

esg transcripts are expressed throughout embryogenesis and are again detected in pupal stages. In embryos, expression is primarily ectodermal and the pattern is very dynamic. Expression is detected in patches along the dorsal surface in the syncytial blastoderm and at the cellular blastoderm stage. Just prior to gastrulation, the dorsal expression disappears and a grid-like pattern of expression is seen in the neurogenic region of the ventral ectoderm. As germband extension begins, this develops into a pattern of longitudinal stripes in the neurogenic ectoderm. At the beginning of germband retraction, expression is most prominent in the cells of the ventral midline. During germband retraction the pattern is very dynamic including transient expression in cells of the peripheral nervous system. After germband retraction, expression is strong in the leg discs, wing disc, haltere disc and genital disc. Strong expression is also observed in the head region in cells outlining the site of head involution, in the dorsal ridge and in the frontal sac. Staining is also observed in histoblast cells of the abdominal segments.

(Whiteley et al., 1992)
Marker for
 
adult midgut progenitor cell
(Takashima et al., 2011)
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 5
(Fuse et al., 1996)
embryonic stage 10
neuroblast of ventral nervous system
(Cai et al., 2001)
embryonic ganglion mother cell
(Cai et al., 2001)
embryonic ventral midline neuroblast
(Cai et al., 2001)
embryonic stage 13
tracheal fusion cell
• nucleus
(Uemura et al., 1996)
wing disc | presumptive
(Fuse et al., 1996)
haltere disc | presumptive
(Fuse et al., 1996)
embryonic stage 14 -- 17
genital disc primordium
(Chen et al., 2005)
embryonic stage 15
haltere disc
(Fuse et al., 1996)
embryonic/larval anterior spiracle
(Fuse et al., 1996)
leg disc | presumptive
(Fuse et al., 1996)
genital disc | presumptive
(Fuse et al., 1996)
wing disc
(Fuse et al., 1996)
ventral thoracic disc primordium | proximal | restricted

Comment: expression excluded from center of disc

(Kubota et al., 2003)
Additional Descriptive Data

esg protein labels several cells in the leg primordia in stage 15 embryos. However, esg labeling is excluded from the center of the disc. There is significant overlap with Dll staining outside of the center of the disc. All esg positive cells also express hth a marker for proximal trunk and limb primordia. Therefore, esg serves as a cell specific marker for the proximal leg domain in the trunk region.

(Kubota et al., 2003)

At stage 5 of embryogenesis, sna protein is expressed ventrally, in the presumptive mesoderm, while esg protein is expressed in the dorsal region. By stage 13, both sna and esg proteins are expressed in presumptive wing and haltere discs. At stage 15, sna and esg proteins are also expressed in the genital disc. The esg protein is detected in the posterior spiracle and in the presumptive leg discs at stage 15, while the sna protein is expressed in a far smaller number of cells in the presumptive leg discs.

(Fuse et al., 1996)
Marker for
 
dorsal thoracic disc primordium
(Inoue and Hayashi, 2007)
genital disc primordium
(Chen et al., 2005)
intestinal stem cell
(Strand and Micchelli, 2011)
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Fuse et al., 1994)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: P{enG}6
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 8 -- 9
ectoderm
(Whiteley et al., 1992)
embryonic stage 13
tracheal fusion cell
(Wolf and Schuh, 2000)
Reporter: P{enG}esgG66
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 8 -- 9
ectoderm
(Whiteley et al., 1992)
embryonic stage 15
gonadal somatic stem cell | anterior
(DeFalco et al., 2004)
embryonic stage 17
gonadal sheath proper primordium
(Le Bras and Van Doren, 2006)
first instar larval stage | male
hub cell
(Okegbe and DiNardo, 2011)
adult stage
hub cell
(Le Bras and Van Doren, 2006)
Reporter: P{esg-GAL4.FC}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
dorsal closure stage
amnioserosa | surrounding
(Wada et al., 2007)
amnioserosa | central | variable
(Wada et al., 2007)
Reporter: P{esg-lacZ.3.6-1}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
third instar larval stage
male germline stem cell
(Dominado et al., 2016)
Reporter: P{esg-lacZ.C2}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 15 | male -- 17 | male
male germline cell
(Streit et al., 2002)
adult stage | male
male germline cell
(Streit et al., 2002)
Reporter: P{GAL4}MH766
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
first instar larval stage
larval outer optic anlage
(Apitz and Salecker, 2015)
inner optic anlage lateral proliferation zone | restricted
(Apitz and Salecker, 2015)
third instar larval stage
larval outer optic anlage
(Apitz and Salecker, 2015)
inner optic anlage lateral proliferation zone | restricted
(Apitz and Salecker, 2015)
Reporter: P{GawB}05730B
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 14 -- 17
genital disc primordium
(Chen et al., 2005)
third instar larval stage
intestinal stem cell
(Rera et al., 2011)
third instar larval stage -- adult stage
enteroblast
(Rera et al., 2011)
enterocyte
(Rera et al., 2011)
early third instar larval stage
embryonic/larval spiracular tracheal branch
(Weaver and Krasnow, 2008)
wandering third instar larval stage
imaginal disc epithelial cell of female genital disc
(Keisman et al., 2001)
imaginal disc epithelial cell of male genital disc
(Keisman et al., 2001)
Reporter: P{GawB}esgc287a
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult antennal lobe
(Baker et al., 2007)
antennal mechanosensory and motor center
(Baker et al., 2007)
antennal lobe tract
(Baker et al., 2007)
adult protocerebrum
(Baker et al., 2007)
Reporter: P{GawB}esgNP7397
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
first instar larval stage -- pupal stage P5
midgut imaginal island
(Jiang and Edgar, 2009)
third instar larval stage
histoblast
(Malzer et al., 2018)
imaginal disc
(Malzer et al., 2018)
larval central nervous system
(Malzer et al., 2018)
embryonic/larval gut
(Malzer et al., 2018)
pupal stage P6
intestinal stem cell
(Jiang and Edgar, 2009)
adult stage
enteroblast
(Jiang et al., 2011)
intestinal stem cell
(Jiang et al., 2011)
intestinal stem cell of posterior adult midgut epithelium
(Hudry et al., 2016)
enteroblast of posterior adult midgut epithelium
(Hudry et al., 2016)
adult stage | male
male accessory gland secondary cell
(Corrigan et al., 2014, Ito et al., 2014)
Reporter: P{GawB}NP5130
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
intestinal stem cell
(Ma et al., 2013, Choi et al., 2008)
enteroblast
(Ma et al., 2013, Choi et al., 2008)
embryonic stage 14
embryonic/larval heart anchoring cell
(Zmojdzian et al., 2008)
larval stage
larval imaginal tissue
(Martin and Morata, 2006)
larval stage -- pupal stage
histoblast
(Foronda et al., 2012)
histoblast nest
(Foronda et al., 2012)
second instar larval stage
leg disc | restricted
(Goto and Hayashi, 1999)
third instar larval stage
leg disc | proximal
(Goto and Hayashi, 1999)
embryonic/larval spiracular tracheal branch | distal | restricted
(Pitsouli and Perrimon, 2010)
pupal stage | male
anterior dorsal histoblast nest abdominal 6
(Foronda et al., 2012)
anterior dorsal histoblast nest abdominal 7
(Foronda et al., 2012)
posterior dorsal histoblast nest abdominal 6
(Foronda et al., 2012)
posterior dorsal histoblast nest abdominal 7
(Foronda et al., 2012)
adult stage
intestinal stem cell
(Guo et al., 2013, Buchon et al., 2010)
enteroblast
(Guo et al., 2013)
AC thermosensory neuron
(Jin et al., 2021)
adult stage | female
intestinal stem cell
(Micchelli and Perrimon, 2006)
enteroblast
(Micchelli and Perrimon, 2006)
Reporter: P{GawB}NP6267
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
intestinal stem cell of posterior adult midgut epithelium
(Maeda et al., 2008)
enteroblast of posterior adult midgut epithelium
(Maeda et al., 2008)
Reporter: P{GawB}NTPaseNP5153
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
larval stage -- pupal stage
histoblast
(Carre et al., 2005)
Reporter: P{GawB}p127
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
larval tracheal system | restricted
(Steneberg et al., 1998)
embryonic stage 13 -- 17
larval tracheal system | restricted
(Steneberg et al., 1999)
late third instar larval stage -- pupal stage
embryonic/larval spiracular tracheal branch
(Weaver and Krasnow, 2008)
Reporter: P{lacW}esg4B7
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
oenocyte
(Hartenstein and Jan, 1992)
embryonic stage -- larval stage
histoblast
(Hartenstein and Jan, 1992)
imaginal disc
(Hartenstein and Jan, 1992)
embryonic stage 13 -- 17
scolopidial dendritic cap cell
(Hartenstein and Jan, 1992)
Reporter: P{lacW}esgB7-2-22
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
larval digestive system
(Hartenstein and Jan, 1998.8.10)
segment border muscle cell | presumptive
(Hartenstein and Jan, 1992)
larval ventral nerve cord | medial
(Hartenstein and Jan, 1992)
larval somatic muscle cell
(Hartenstein and Jan, 1998.8.10)
presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system
(Hartenstein and Jan, 1998.8.10)
larval tracheal system
(Hartenstein and Jan, 1998.8.10)
embryonic/larval midgut
(Hartenstein and Jan, 1992)
embryonic/larval tracheal dorsal trunk | segmentally repeated
(Hartenstein and Jan, 1992)
embryonic stage 12 -- 13
tracheal fusion cell | restricted
(Caviglia and Luschnig, 2013)
Reporter: P{lacW}esgk00606
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage | female
intestinal stem cell
(Micchelli and Perrimon, 2006)
enteroblast
(Micchelli and Perrimon, 2006)
Reporter: P{lacW}esgk10811
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
embryonic/larval posterior spiracle
(Rodriguez et al., 1996)
head
(Rodriguez et al., 1996)
embryonic stage -- larval stage
embryonic/larval oenocyte
(Rodriguez et al., 1996)
embryonic/larval lymph gland
(Rodriguez et al., 1996)
larval stage
embryonic/larval midgut
(Rodriguez et al., 1996)
mouth hook
(Rodriguez et al., 1996)
adult stage
adult midgut
(Rodriguez et al., 1996)
adult oenocyte
(Rodriguez et al., 1996)
Reporter: P{lArB}A507.2M2
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 15 | male -- 17 | male
male germline cell
(Streit et al., 2002)
embryonic stage 17
primordial germ cell
(Bellen et al., 1989)
embryonic/larval posterior spiracle
(Bellen et al., 1989)
embryonic brain
(Bellen et al., 1989)
adult stage | male
male germline cell
(Streit et al., 2002)
Reporter: P{PTT-un}P01986
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
enteroblast
(Guo et al., 2013)
Reporter: P{PZ}esg05729
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
histoblast
(Hayashi et al., 1993)
third instar larval stage
histoblast
(Hayashi et al., 1993)
larval imaginal tissue
(Hayashi et al., 1993)
imaginal disc
(Hayashi et al., 1993)
Reporter: P{ST.lexA::HG}RJ-4
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
wandering third instar larval stage
larval ventral nerve cord
(Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, 2019)
larval central nervous system
(Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, 2019)
ring gland
(Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, 2019)
corpus cardiacum
(Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, 2019)
embryonic/larval midgut
(Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, 2019)
embryonic/larval lymph gland
(Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, 2019)
Reporter: P{ST.lexA::HG}SE100
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
wandering third instar larval stage
larval ventral nerve cord
(Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, 2019)
larval central nervous system
(Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, 2019)
embryonic/larval anterior midgut
(Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, 2019)
Reporter: P{ST.lexA::HG}SJH-1
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
wandering third instar larval stage
larval ventral nerve cord
(Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, 2019)
larval central nervous system
(Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, 2019)
embryonic/larval midgut
(Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, 2019)
embryonic/larval lymph gland
(Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, 2019)
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\esg in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 120 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 33 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of esg
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of esg
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 129 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 129 )
Gene disrupted in
Df(2L)A48
(Cai et al., 2001, Spradling et al., 1999, Rodriguez et al., 1996, Tanaka-Matakatsu et al., 1996, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)A246
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)A337
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)A376
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)Adh-nBR101
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)Adh-nBR102
(Roote, 1996.1.11, Roote, 1996.8, Roote et al., 1996, Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)Adh-nBR103
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)Adh-nBR118
(Roote, 1996.1.11, Roote, 1996.8, Roote et al., 1996, Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)Adh-nBR120
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)Adh-nBR125
(Roote, 1996.1.11, Roote, 1996.8, Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)Adh-nBR126
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)Adh-nBR130
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)b80e4
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)b80k
(Alexandrova et al., 1996)
Df(2L)el20
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)Exel8034
(Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Df(2L)fn26
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)fn27
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)k15711
(Ashburner et al., 1999, Roote, 1998.11.16)
Df(2L)n78l3
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)osp18
(Ashraf et al., 1999, Roote et al., 1996)
Df(2L)osp29
(Cai et al., 2001, Rodriguez et al., 1996, Samakovlis et al., 1996, Kania et al., 1995, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Furukawa et al., 1992)
Df(2L)osp38
(Voog et al., 2014, Roote, 1996.8, Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)PZ07130-mr5
(Roote, 2000.6.13)
Df(2L)Sco7
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)SS1
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)TE35B-1
(Roote et al., 1996)
Df(2L)TE35BC-3
(Cai et al., 2001, Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)TE35BC-4
(Roote, 1996.8, Roote et al., 1996, Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)TE35BC-34
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)TE35D-2
(Roote, 1996.8, Furukawa et al., 1992, Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)TE35D-4
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)TE35D-6
(Furukawa et al., 1992, Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)TE35D-12
(Roote, 1998.11.16)
Df(2L)TE35D-13
(Roote, 1996.8, Furukawa et al., 1992, Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)TE35D-15
(Furukawa et al., 1992, Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)TE35D-16
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)TE35D-18
(Furukawa et al., 1992)
Df(2L)TE35D-20
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)TE35D-21
(Voog et al., 2014, Roote, 1996.8, Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)TE35D-23
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2R)nap1
(BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
Df(2R)nap2
(BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
In(2L)75c
(BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
In(2L)dpps22Ldppd36R
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
In(2L)el18
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
In(2LR)noc4LScorv9R
(Cai et al., 2001)
T(2;3)TE35B-2
(Roote et al., 1996)
Tp(2;2)A446
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Gene not disrupted in
Df(2L)64j
(Furukawa et al., 1992, Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)A47
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)A63
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)A72
(Fossett et al., 1994, Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)A178
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)A215
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)A217
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)A220
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)A245
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)A263
(Furukawa et al., 1992)
Df(2L)A264
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)A266
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)A267
(Cai et al., 2001, Fossett et al., 1994, Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)A379
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)A400
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)A445
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)Adh-nBR100
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)Adh-nBR105
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)Adh-nBR106
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)Adh-nBR107
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)Adh-nBR117
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)Adh-nBR119
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)Adh-nBR121
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)Adh-nBR122
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)Adh-nBR127
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)Adh-nBR128
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)Adh-nBR129
(Roote, 1996.1.11, Roote, 1996.8, Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)Adh-nBR131
(Fossett et al., 1994)
Df(2L)ARR1
(Furukawa et al., 1992, Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)b84a3
(Furukawa et al., 1992)
Df(2L)b84a7
(Furukawa et al., 1992)
Df(2L)b84h50
(BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Furukawa et al., 1992)
Df(2L)b87e25
(Kania et al., 1995)
Df(2L)ED3
(Ryder et al., 2007, Ryder and Roote, 2004.11.10, Ryder et al., 2004, Roote, 2002.2.6)
Df(2L)ED800
(Ryder et al., 2007)
Df(2L)ED1000
(Ryder et al., 2007)
Df(2L)el28
(Furukawa et al., 1992, Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)fn5
(Furukawa et al., 1992)
Df(2L)fn12
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)fn27
(Rodriguez et al., 1996)
Df(2L)H20
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)k07245-mr31
(Roote, 2000.6.13)
Df(2L)noc11
(Voog et al., 2014, Yagi and Hayashi, 1997, Roote, 1996.1.11, Roote, 1996.8, Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)Prl
(BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
Df(2L)PZ06430-mr3
(Roote, 2000.6.13)
Df(2L)PZ06430-mr4
(Roote, 2000.6.13)
Df(2L)PZ06430-mr5
(Roote, 2000.6.13)
Df(2L)PZ06430-mr7
(Roote, 2000.6.13)
Df(2L)PZ06430-mr9
(Roote, 2000.6.13)
Df(2L)PZ06430-mr10
(Roote, 2000.6.13)
Df(2L)PZ06430-mr12
(Roote, 2000.6.13)
Df(2L)r10
(Rodriguez et al., 1996, Kania et al., 1995, Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)RA5
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)rd9
(Furukawa et al., 1992, Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)RM5
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)RN2
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)Scorv16
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)Scorv18
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)Scorv19
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)Scorv25
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)TE35BC-7
(Furukawa et al., 1992)
Df(2L)TE35BC-28
(Furukawa et al., 1992)
Df(2L)TE35D-1
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)TE35D-2
(Voog et al., 2014, Yagi and Hayashi, 1997)
Df(2L)TE35D-3
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)TE35D-14
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)TE35D-19
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)TE35D-21
(Yagi and Hayashi, 1997)
Df(2L)TE35D-22
(Cai et al., 2001, Ashburner et al., 1990)
Df(2L)TW50
(BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
Df(2R)50C-38
(BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
Df(2R)50C-45
(BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
Df(2R)50C-101
(BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
Df(2R)50C-102
(BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
Df(2R)CX1
(BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
In(2LR)Scorv1-DV7
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
T(2;3)Scorv7
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
Gene duplicated in
Dp(2;1)Scorv23
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
Dp(2;2)TE35B-54L
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
Dp(2;3)osp3
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
In(2L)C163.41LC158R
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
In(2L)Scorv17LC158R
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
Gene not duplicated in
Dp(2;2)GYL
(Ashburner et al., 1990)
Inferred from location ( 3 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
cell lethal | somatic clone | spermatogenesis
lethal
lethal, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
lethal, with Scer\GAL4hs.2sev
lethal (with esg35Ce-3)
lethal (with esgL4)
lethal | male limited, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
lethal | male limited | cold sensitive, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
lethal | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
lethal | recessive
lethal - all die before end of larval stage | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4l(1)BP-1
lethal - all die before end of larval stage | recessive
lethal - all die before end of pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4L4, esgHMS00025
lethal - all die before end of pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4L4, esgL4
lethal - all die before end of pupal stage | recessive
lethal - all die during embryonic stage | recessive
lethal - all die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
partially lethal | female limited, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
partially lethal | female limited | cold sensitive, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
partially lethal - majority die | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
partially lethal - majority die | recessive
viable
viable, with Scer\GAL4nullo.PG
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Sterility
Allele
female sterile | recessive
fertile
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal cell number | spermatogenesis, with Scer\GAL4C587
abnormal cell number | spermatogenesis, with Scer\GAL4C587, esgHMS02538
abnormal cell number | spermatogenesis, with Scer\GAL4C587, esgNIG.3758R
abnormal gravitaxis
abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage
abnormal neurophysiology, with Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
abnormal smell perception
abnormal starvation stress response
abnormal temperature response
chemical sensitive | dominant
decreased cell number | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Delta-05151-G
decreased cell number | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Su(H).GBE
decreased cell number | somatic clone | spermatogenesis
decreased cell number | spermatogenesis, with Scer\GAL4C587
decreased occurrence of cell division (with esg35Ce-3)
decreased occurrence of cell division (with esg05729)
decreased occurrence of cell division | embryonic stage 14 (with Df(2L)ED1054)
flightless, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
increased cell number | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Delta-05151-G
increased cell number | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4esg.PU
increased cell number | larval stage
increased occurrence of cell division | spermatogenesis, with Scer\GAL4C587
long lived | male limited
short lived | female limited
some die during embryonic stage | recessive
some die during larval stage | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4l(1)BP-1
some die during larval stage | recessive
some die during pupal stage | recessive
visible
visible, with Scer\GAL4455.2
visible, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544
visible, with Scer\GAL4bbg-C96
visible, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
visible, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
visible, with Scer\GAL4ey.PH
visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
visible, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4
visible | dominant, with Scer\GAL4bi-omb-Gal4
visible | dominant, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1
visible | dominant, with Scer\GAL4hs.2sev
visible | male limited, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
visible | recessive
visible | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI
wild-type
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
abdomen
abdominal sternite
abdominal tergite
adult midgut | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Delta-05151-G
adult midgut | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4esg.PU
adult midgut | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Su(H).GBE
adult thorax, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544
adult tracheal air sac | third instar larval stage | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4btl.PS, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
chaeta, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544
chaeta | increased number, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
chordotonal organ | lateral
cyst progenitor cell | decreased number, with Scer\GAL4C587
cyst progenitor cell | decreased number, with Scer\GAL4C587, esgHMS02538
cyst progenitor cell | decreased number, with Scer\GAL4C587, esgNIG.3758R
cyst progenitor cell | decreased number | somatic clone
dorsal air sac primordium tip cell | third instar larval stage | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4btl.PS, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
embryonic/larval dorsal tracheal branch 1
embryonic/larval dorsal tracheal branch 2
embryonic/larval dorsal tracheal branch 3
embryonic/larval dorsal tracheal branch 4
embryonic/larval dorsal tracheal branch 5
embryonic/larval dorsal tracheal branch 6
embryonic/larval dorsal tracheal branch 7
embryonic/larval dorsal tracheal branch 8
embryonic/larval dorsal tracheal branch 9
embryonic/larval dorsal tracheal branch 10
embryonic/larval hemocyte | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Pxn.PS
embryonic/larval salivary gland | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4l(1)BP-1
embryonic/larval tracheal dorsal trunk
embryonic ganglion mother cell | embryonic stage 14 (with Df(2L)ED1054)
embryonic neuroblast | embryonic stage 14 (with Df(2L)ED1054)
enteroblast | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Su(H).GBE
enteroendocrine cell | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Delta-05151-G
enteroendocrine cell | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4esg.PU
external sensory organ, with Scer\GAL4Eq
eye
eye, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
eye, with Scer\GAL4ey.PH
eye, with Scer\GAL4hs.2sev
eye | somatic clone
germinal proliferation center hub
germinal proliferation center hub, with Scer\GAL4C587, esgHMS02538
germinal proliferation center hub, with Scer\GAL4C587, esgNIG.3758R
histoblast
hub cell
hub cell | decreased number, with Scer\GAL4C587
hub cell | decreased number, with Scer\GAL4C587, esgHMS02538
hub cell | decreased number, with Scer\GAL4C587, esgNIG.3758R
imaginal disc
interommatidial bristle, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
intestinal stem cell | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Delta-05151-G
larval inner optic anlage, with Scer\GAL4NP1233
larval tracheal system
larval tracheal system, with Scer\GAL4C38, Scer\GAL4tracheal
lateral transverse muscle cell
leg & trichome | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI
leg | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI
leg disc | somatic clone
leg sensillum | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI
macrochaeta
macrochaeta & scutum, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4
male germline stem cell | cell non-autonomous | decreased number, with Scer\GAL4C587
male germline stem cell | cell non-autonomous | decreased number, with Scer\GAL4C587, esgHMS02538
male germline stem cell | cell non-autonomous | decreased number, with Scer\GAL4C587, esgNIG.3758R
microchaeta & scutum, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4
nucleus (with esg35Ce-3)
nucleus (with esg05729)
ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
pigment cell
rhabdomere R7, with Scer\GAL4Rh3.PP
scutellar bristle, with Scer\GAL4455.2
scutellar bristle & tormogen cell, with Scer\GAL4455.2
scutellar bristle & trichogen cell, with Scer\GAL4455.2
secondary pigment cell | somatic clone
tertiary pigment cell | somatic clone
testis, with Scer\GAL4C587
testis (with esg35Ce-1)
testis (with esg05729)
thecogen cell, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4
tracheal system, with Scer\GAL4C38
tracheal system, with Scer\GAL4tracheal
visceral muscle fiber
wing
wing, with Scer\GAL4bbg-C96
wing, with Scer\GAL4bi-omb-Gal4
wing, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1
wing, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
wing (with esg35Ce-3)
wing (with esg05729)
wing | female limited, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
wing | female limited | cold sensitive, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
wing | male limited, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (198)
Hsap\SNAI2
7 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\SNAI1
5 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\SNAI3
5 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\SCRT1
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\SCRT2
2 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\BCL11B
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\FEZF1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\GLI1
1 of 14
No
No
9  
Hsap\GLI2
1 of 14
No
No
2  
Hsap\GLI3
1 of 14
No
No
4  
Hsap\KLF11
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\LOC344065
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\MTF1
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\OSR1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PATZ1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\PRDM1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PRDM4
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\RBAK
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\SP1
1 of 14
No
No
0  
Hsap\SP2
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\SP6
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\SP7
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\SP8
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\SP9
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\WT1
1 of 14
No
No
2  
Hsap\YY2
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\ZBTB7A
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\ZBTB11
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZBTB16
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ZBTB17
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ZBTB24
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\ZBTB44
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZBTB47
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZBTB49
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ZFP2
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZFP37
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZFP41
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ZFP62
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZFX
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ZIC2
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZIC3
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZKSCAN2
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\ZKSCAN3
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZKSCAN4
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\ZNF2
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF7
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF8
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF16
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF20
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF26
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF32
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ZNF33B
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF34
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ZNF37A
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ZNF44
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF48
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF66
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF75CP
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ZNF75D
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ZNF76
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF77
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF80
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ZNF91
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF101
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ZNF112
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF114
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ZNF131
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF132
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF133
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF148
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ZNF160
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF165
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF175
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF177
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF181
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ZNF184
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF189
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF197
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF205
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF208
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF213
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF214
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF224
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF225
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF227
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF229
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF234
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF236
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ZNF239
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ZNF248
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF250
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF264
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF268
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF281
1 of 14
No
Yes
1  
Hsap\ZNF283
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF286A
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF286B
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ZNF287
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF302
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ZNF311
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF319
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ZNF333
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ZNF334
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF341
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF343
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF347
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF350
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF391
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ZNF404
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF408
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF415
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF420
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF423
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\ZNF425
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF426
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ZNF433
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF442
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF444
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ZNF449
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\ZNF454
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF470
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF473
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF493
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF497
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF510
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF530
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF540
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF543
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF549
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF550
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF559
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF559-ZNF177
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF562
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF564
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF568
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF569
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF570
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF571
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF572
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF577
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF582
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF585A
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF585B
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF586
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF589
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF599
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF605
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF607
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF613
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF623
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF624
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF660-ZNF197
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF662
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF668
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ZNF669
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF670
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF672
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ZNF677
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ZNF683
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF691
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF692
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF696
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ZNF700
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF709
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF710
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF711
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ZNF721
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF724
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF728
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF768
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF771
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF774
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF777
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF780B
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF782
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF786
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF791
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF792
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF799
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF805
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF808
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF835
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF836
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF841
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF846
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF865
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ZNF883
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF888
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF891
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZSCAN2
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZSCAN4
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZSCAN5A
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ZSCAN5B
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ZSCAN12
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZSCAN16
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZSCAN20
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZSCAN21
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZSCAN23
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (32)
Rnor\Snai2
8 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Snai3
5 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Snai1
4 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Scrt1
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Scrt2
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Giot1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\LOC102546648
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\LOC102548389
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\LOC102548917
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\LOC102551340
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\LOC102555377
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\LOC102555672
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Zfp13
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Zfp17
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Zfp26
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Zfp52
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Zfp53
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Zfp61
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Zfp74
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Zfp182
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Zfp316
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Zfp386
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Zfp560
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Zfp612
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Zfp869
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Zfp945
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Zfp949
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Zkscan3
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Zkscan4
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Znf768
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Zscan4f
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Zscan22
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (71)
Mmus\Snai2
8 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Snai3
5 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Snai1
4 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Scrt1
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Scrt2
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\5730507C01Rik
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\AI987944
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\AW146154
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gm2007
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gm2026
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gm3604
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gm4631
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gm4724
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gm5141
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gm6710
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gm11007
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Gm14295
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gm14308
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gm14325
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gm14391
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gm14403
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Gm14412
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gm14430
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Gm14434
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gm14444
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gm32687
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Zfp26
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Zfp54
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Zfp74
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Zfp105
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Zfp119b
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Zfp128
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Zfp160
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Zfp182
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Zfp266
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Zfp267
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Zfp300
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Zfp408
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Zfp433
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Zfp454
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Zfp560
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Zfp619
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Zfp629
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Zfp658
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Zfp661
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Zfp715
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Zfp773
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Zfp777
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Zfp780b
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Zfp788
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Zfp808
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Zfp820
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Zfp869
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Zfp930
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Zfp931
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Zfp934
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Zfp936
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Zfp945
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Zfp965
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Zfp966
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Zfp967
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Zfp968
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Zfp969
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Zfp971
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Zfp973
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Zfp976
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Zfp980
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Zkscan3
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Zkscan4
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Zscan10
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Zscan22
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (41)
Xtro\snai1
7 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\snai2
7 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\snai3
3 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\agap1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\dscc1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\egr4
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\fezf1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\gli3
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\LOC100485124
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\LOC100485704
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\LOC100492687
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\LOC100495401
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\LOC100495617
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\LOC100498204
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\LOC100498327
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\LOC101734390
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\LOC101735222
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\LOC116407549
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\LOC116411645
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\prdm1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\sall4
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\sp3
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\sp8
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\sp9
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\vps28
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\XB1010452
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\XB22063318
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\zbtb16
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\zic2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\zic3
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\znf84
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\znf143
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\znf333
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\znf423
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\znf526
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\znf568
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\znf574
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\znf577
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\znf639
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\znf665
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\znf850
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (36)
Drer\snai2
8 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\snai3
7 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\snai1a
5 of 14
No
No
Drer\snai1b
5 of 14
No
No
Drer\scrt1b
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\scrt2
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\LOC100007471
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\LOC100537936
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\LOC101883087
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\LOC101885996
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\LOC101886047
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\LOC108183935
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\LOC110437726
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\LOC110438262
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\prdm5
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\scrt1a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\si:cabz01063885.1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\si:cabz01069020.1
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\si:ch73-299h12.1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\si:ch211-202h22.10
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\si:ch211-212k5.4
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\si:dkey-34m19.3
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\si:dkey-122c11.8
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\si:dkeyp-35e5.9
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\si:dkeyp-104f11.6
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\si:zfos-932h1.3
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\zgc:113209
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\zgc:113348
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\zgc:162948
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\zgc:174703
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\znf526
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\znf1010
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\znf1015
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\znf1117
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\znf1140
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\znf1178
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (10)
Cele\snai-1
7 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\ces-1
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\scrt-1
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\klu-1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\lin-29
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\lst-5
1 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\M03D4.4
1 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\pag-3
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\sptf-2
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\sptf-3
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (48)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008274
10 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005390
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP006791
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP000164
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001555
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP002702
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP002918
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003056
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003111
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003594
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP004060
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP004178
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP004285
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP004331
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP004575
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP004580
1 of 12
No
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP004667
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP004714
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005269
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005479
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005480
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005481
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005482
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005484
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005570
1 of 12
No
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005659
1 of 12
No
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP006736
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP006794
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP006930
1 of 12
No
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP007514
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP007764
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP007915
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP007947
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008795
1 of 12
No
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008796
1 of 12
No
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008827
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008845
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008901
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009130
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009481
1 of 12
No
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009484
1 of 12
No
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009656
1 of 12
No
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009994
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010979
1 of 12
No
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011548
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011759
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP012598
1 of 12
No
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP013528
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (5)
Atha\AT5G22890
1 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\NTT
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\WIP4
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\WIP5
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\YY1
1 of 13
Yes
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:esg. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (54)
wor
9 of 13
sna
7 of 13
Cf2
3 of 13
Kah
3 of 13
scrape
3 of 13
scrt
3 of 13
CG5245
2 of 13
CG7691
2 of 13
CG42726
2 of 13
MTF-1
2 of 13
rgr
2 of 13
wdn
2 of 13
ZIPIC
2 of 13
Blimp-1
1 of 13
btd
1 of 13
CG1529
1 of 13
CG1663
1 of 13
CG3281
1 of 13
CG4730
1 of 13
CG4820
1 of 13
CG6654
1 of 13
CG6813
1 of 13
CG7368
1 of 13
CG8301
1 of 13
CG10959
1 of 13
CG11902
1 of 13
CG11906
1 of 13
CG14667
1 of 13
CG15269
1 of 13
CG15446
1 of 13
CG17328
1 of 13
CG17612
1 of 13
CG18476
1 of 13
CG31365
1 of 13
cg
1 of 13
cliff
1 of 13
gl
1 of 13
Imzf
1 of 13
l(3)neo38
1 of 13
Meics
1 of 13
Neu2
1 of 13
odd
1 of 13
pad
1 of 13
Paris
1 of 13
peb
1 of 13
pho
1 of 13
Phs
1 of 13
Saft
1 of 13
Sag1
1 of 13
sob
1 of 13
Sp1
1 of 13
sqz
1 of 13
wek
1 of 13
zld
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
Allele
Disease
Evidence
References
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
Human Ortholog
Disease
Evidence
References
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )
Allele
Disease
Interaction
References
esgEP684
exacerbates  Alzheimer's disease
modeled by Hsap\APPAβ42.GMR.Tag:SS(rPENK)
(Cao et al., 2008)
esgEY10592
exacerbates  carcinoma
modeled by l(2)glGD4047
(Chatterjee et al., 2023)
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
SNAI2; snail family transcriptional repressor 2
7 of 14
602150
      SNAI1; snail family transcriptional repressor 1
      5 of 14
      604238
          SNAI3; snail family transcriptional repressor 3
          5 of 14
          612741
               
              Functional Complementation Data
              Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
              Interactions
              Summary of Physical Interactions
              Summary of Genetic Interactions
              Interaction Browsers
              View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
              Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
              Starting gene(s)
              Interaction type
              Interacting gene(s)
              Reference
              esg
              suppressible
              ase
              (Li et al., 2017)
              esg
              suppressible
              mir-14
              (Sanchez-Díaz et al., 2015)
              esg
              enhanceable
              mir-310|mir-311|mir-312
              (Sanchez-Díaz et al., 2015)
              esg
              enhanceable
              mir-310|mir-311|mir-312|mir-313
              (Sanchez-Díaz et al., 2015)
              esg
              enhanceable
              mir-311
              (Sanchez-Díaz et al., 2015)
              esg
              suppressible
              pros
              (Li et al., 2017)
              esg
              suppressible
              sc
              (Li et al., 2017)
              esg
              suppressible
              Socs36E
              (Kong et al., 2024)
              Starting gene(s)
              Interaction type
              Interacting gene(s)
              Reference
              ase
              suppressible
              esg
              (Li et al., 2017, Fuse et al., 1999)
              babo
              suppressible
              esg
              (Herrera et al., 2021)
              Dcp-1
              enhanceable
              esg
              (Kim et al., 2010)
              eas
              suppressible
              esg
              (Hekmat-Scafe et al., 2005)
              gcm
              suppressible
              esg
              (Popkova et al., 2012)
              H
              enhanceable
              esg
              (Müller et al., 2005)
              jus
              suppressible
              esg
              (Hekmat-Scafe et al., 2005)
              L
              enhanceable
              esg
              (Singh et al., 2005)
              L
              suppressible
              esg
              (Singh et al., 2005)
              N
              suppressible
              esg
              (Djiane et al., 2013)
              osk
              suppressible
              esg
              (Voog et al., 2008)
              para
              suppressible
              esg
              (Hekmat-Scafe et al., 2005)
              phyl
              suppressible
              esg
              (Pi et al., 2011)
              pnr
              enhanceable
              esg
              (Pena-Rangel et al., 2002)
              pros
              suppressible
              esg
              (Hartl et al., 2011)
              sc
              suppressible
              esg
              (Li et al., 2017)
              upd1
              suppressible
              esg
              (Bach et al., 2003)
              External Data
              Linkouts
              Pathways
              Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
              Metabolic Pathways
              FlyBase
              External Links
              External Data
              Linkouts
              Class of Gene
              Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
              Chromosome (arm)
              2L
              Recombination map
              2-51
              Cytogenetic map
              35D2-35D2
              Sequence location
              FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
              Cytogenetic map
              Evidence for location
              35D2-35D2
              Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}esgEP633&P{PZ}esg07082 and P{lacW}CycEk05007&P{lacW}CycEk02602
              Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
              Cytogenetic map
              Notes
              References
              35D1-35D2
              (determined by in situ hybridisation)
              (Abdelilah-Seyfried et al., 2000, Spradling et al., 1999)
              35C3-35C3
              (Prokopenko, 1999.8.3)
              35D1-35D2
              (determined by in situ hybridisation) 35D1--4 (determined by in situ hybridisation) 35D3--4 (determined by in situ hybridisation) 35C1--3 (determined by in situ hybridisation)
              (Ashburner et al., 1999)
              35E-35E
              (determined by in situ hybridisation)
              (Rodriguez et al., 1996)
              35D-35D
              (determined by in situ hybridisation)
              (Kania et al., 1995)
              35D1-35D2
              (determined by in situ hybridisation) 35D1--35D4 (determined by in situ hybridisation)
              (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
              35C-35C
              (determined by in situ hybridisation)
              (Hayashi et al., 1992, Whiteley et al., 1992)
              Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
              Location

              2-51

              (FlyBase, 2016)

              2-48.4

              (Comeron et al., 2012)
              Left of (cM)
              Right of (cM)
              Notes
              Stocks and Reagents
              Stocks (61)
              Genomic Clones (18)
              cDNA Clones (74)
               

              Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

              cDNA clones, fully sequenced
              BDGP DGC clones
              Other clones
              Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

              For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

                cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
                BDGP DGC clones
                  Other clones
                  RNAi and Array Information
                  Linkouts
                  Antibody Information
                  Laboratory Generated Antibodies
                   

                  polyclonal

                  (Konstantinides et al., 2022, Sanchez-Díaz et al., 2015)
                  Commercially Available Antibodies
                   
                  Cell Line Information
                  Publicly Available Cell Lines
                   
                    Other Stable Cell Lines
                     
                      Other Comments

                      The esg product is required for the survival and/or maintenance of secondary and tertiary pigment cells in the eye.

                      (Lim and Tomlinson, 2006)

                      Expression is enriched in embryonic gonads.

                      (Shigenobu et al., 2006)

                      esg and hth regulate proximodistal patterning in the distal domain of the leg.

                      (Goto and Hayashi, 1999)

                      Pairing sensitive alleles do not exhibit long-distance silencing interactions with P-element insertions containing the Mcp-element.

                      (Muller et al., 1999)

                      Expression of tracheal fusion marker genes esg and hdc is induced by activation of the dpp pathway.

                      (Steneberg et al., 1999)

                      Mutants isolated in a screen of the second chromosome identifying genes affecting disc morphology.

                      (Roch et al., 1998)

                      esg is necessary for hdc expression in the fusion cells and also sufficient for hdc expression in the cells of the pantip group of the dorsal and lateral branches.

                      (Steneberg et al., 1998)

                      Expression of esg in the neuroectoderm prefigures that of the ASC genes. Dorsoventral pattern of esg expression in the blastoderm is determined by three independent repressive cues (dpp, sna and twi). Egfr represses esg expression within the intermediate column.

                      (Yagi and Hayashi, 1997)

                      esg and sna function as intrinsic determinants of wing cell fate.

                      (Fuse et al., 1996)

                      esg and sna expression in the wing are maintained by their auto- and crossactivation, and control the same set of genes required for wing development.

                      (Fuse et al., 1996)

                      In G2, esg is required to maintain a high level of G2/M cdk (a complex that includes the catalytic subunit encoded by cdc2 and a regulatory subunit G2 cyclin) that actively inhibits the entry into S phase.

                      (Hayashi, 1996)

                      esg is a member of the lymph gland enhancer detector strains.

                      (Rodriguez et al., 1996)

                      esg is required for tracheal branch fusion and inhibits terminal branching by dorsal branch fusion cells.

                      (Samakovlis et al., 1996)

                      esg is a key regulator of cell adhesion and motility in tracheal morphogenesis.

                      (Tanaka-Matakatsu et al., 1996)

                      Overexpression of shg rescues the defect in one of the fusion points in esg mutants.

                      (Tanaka-Matakatsu et al., 1996)

                      esg positively regulates transcription of shg.

                      (Tanaka-Matakatsu et al., 1996)

                      esg is required for the continual renewal of the male germline after pupariation.

                      (Hime and Fuller, 1995)

                      esg is required for expression of many of the genes required for fusion of the separate developing tracheal branching units.

                      (Manning et al., 1995)

                      esg protein is a transcriptional regulator that preferentially binds as a monomer, with high affinity, to a specific sequence (identical to the E2 box) in vitro and acts as a repressor of sc/da-dependent transcription in vivo.

                      (Fuse et al., 1994)

                      A pairing sensitive site (PS site) has been identified in regulatory DNA from the esg gene.

                      (Kassis, 1994)

                      Analysis of mutants suggests that one of the normal functions of esg may be the maintenance of diploidy in imaginal cells.

                      (Hayashi et al., 1993)

                      esg shows a high degree of similarity with sna.

                      (Whiteley et al., 1992)

                      5 alleles are discussed but are not named.

                      (Ashburner et al., 1990)
                      Relationship to Other Genes
                      Source for database merge of

                      Source for merge of: esg BG01042

                      (Symonenko et al., 2018)
                      Additional comments

                      FlyBase curator comment: "EP2370" overexpression phenotype stated to be due to its effect on esg but orientation of the P{EP} element suggests otherwise.

                      (Singh et al., 2005)
                      Nomenclature History
                      Source for database identify of

                      Source for identity of: esg l(2)35Ce

                      (Whiteley et al., 1992)

                      Source for identity of: esg CG3758

                      (Kodira, 1999.11)
                      Nomenclature comments
                      Etymology
                      Synonyms and Secondary IDs (27)
                      Reported As
                      Symbol Synonym
                      4B7
                      (Hartenstein and Jan, 1992)
                      BG01042
                      BG:DS07851.7
                      (Ashburner et al., 1999, Ashburner et al., 1999.10.12)
                      CG3758
                      (National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Kondo et al., 2017, Hosono et al., 2015, Fukuoh et al., 2014, Ahmad et al., 2012, Hadar et al., 2012, Yano et al., 2012, Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Herranz et al., 2010, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Perkins et al., 2009, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Armstrong et al., 2006, Molnar et al., 2006, Kanuka et al., 2005, Norga et al., 2003)
                      Esg
                      (Jiang, 2024, Veneti et al., 2024, Bonfini et al., 2021, Jasper, 2020, Hayashi and Kondo, 2018, Ruiz-Losada et al., 2018, Chen et al., 2016, Li and Jasper, 2016, Miao and Hayashi, 2016, Huang et al., 2014, Kapuria et al., 2012, McLeod et al., 2010, Yang et al., 2010, Shindo et al., 2008)
                      br43
                      (Furukawa et al., 1992)
                      dgl
                      (Fossett et al., 1994, Furukawa et al., 1992)
                      esg
                      (Blanco Mendana et al., 2025, Castelló-Sanjuán et al., 2025, Janssens et al., 2025, Joly et al., 2025, Park et al., 2025, Plygawko et al., 2025, Rubanova et al., 2025, Balakireva et al., 2024, Feng et al., 2024, Kim et al., 2024, Mattila et al., 2024, Sood et al., 2024, Stewart et al., 2024, Zambrano-Tipan et al., 2024, Chen et al., 2023, Hodge et al., 2023, Josserand et al., 2023, Pang et al., 2023, Petsakou et al., 2023, Tang et al., 2023, Tuo et al., 2023, Zhai et al., 2023, Chen et al., 2022, Deshpande et al., 2022, Guo et al., 2022, National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Pegoraro et al., 2022, Sênos Demarco et al., 2022, Sreejith et al., 2022, Theodorou et al., 2022, Xiu et al., 2022, Zhang and Edgar, 2022, Buddika et al., 2021, Chen et al., 2021, Ferguson et al., 2021, Hung et al., 2021, Michki et al., 2021, Resnik-Docampo et al., 2021, Sheng et al., 2021, Yuen et al., 2021, Bosch et al., 2020, Hung et al., 2020, Khaminets et al., 2020, Mehrotra et al., 2020, Na et al., 2020, Rust et al., 2020, Strilbytska et al., 2020, Ulgherait et al., 2020, Wang and Spradling, 2020, Best, 2019, Camara et al., 2019, Cardozo Gizzi et al., 2019, Guo et al., 2019, Hu and Jasper, 2019, Hudry et al., 2019, Kockel et al., 2019, Liu et al., 2019, Shokri et al., 2019, Singh et al., 2019, Zwick et al., 2019, Aughey et al., 2018, Bischof et al., 2018, Doupé et al., 2018, Duan et al., 2018, Kavaler et al., 2018, Na et al., 2018, Nazer et al., 2018, Perochon et al., 2018, Perrimon and Doupé, 2018.5.15, Resende et al., 2018, Symonenko et al., 2018, Tan et al., 2018, Tang et al., 2018, Erceg et al., 2017, Jin et al., 2017, Karaiskos et al., 2017, Li et al., 2017, Lucchetta and Ohlstein, 2017, Meltzer et al., 2017, Requena et al., 2017, Simões et al., 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Jiang et al., 2016, Kockel et al., 2016, Kuleesha et al., 2016, Ou et al., 2016, Ramat et al., 2016, Sarov et al., 2016, Antonello et al., 2015, Apitz and Salecker, 2015, Doggett et al., 2015, Dutta et al., 2015, Jasper, 2015, Kim et al., 2015, Kohlmaier et al., 2015, Kok et al., 2015, Lu and Li, 2015, model organism Encyclopedia of Regulatory Network (modERN) Project, 2015-, Nadimpalli et al., 2015, Sanchez-Díaz et al., 2015, Schertel et al., 2015, Sun et al., 2015, Zhai et al., 2015, Biteau and Jasper, 2014, Chandran et al., 2014, Chen and Krasnow, 2014, Ciglar et al., 2014, Driver and Ohlstein, 2014, Huang et al., 2014, Li et al., 2014, Li et al., 2014, Long et al., 2014, Loza-Coll et al., 2014, Okumura et al., 2014, Rogers and Rogina, 2014, Voog et al., 2014, Aleksic et al., 2013, Bai et al., 2013, Caviglia and Luschnig, 2013, Chen et al., 2013, Djiane et al., 2013, Guo et al., 2013, Guss et al., 2013, Li et al., 2013, Marianes and Spradling, 2013, Pandey et al., 2013, Rera et al., 2013, Roti et al., 2013, Zeng et al., 2013, Zhao et al., 2013, Bond and Foley, 2012, de Navascués et al., 2012, Foronda et al., 2012, Hadar et al., 2012, Hainaut et al., 2012, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Kapuria et al., 2012, Loncle and Williams, 2012, Poernbacher et al., 2012, Popkova et al., 2012, Toledano et al., 2012, Yang et al., 2012, Zhou et al., 2012, Abruzzi et al., 2011, Apidianakis and Rahme, 2011, Bellen et al., 2011, Hartl et al., 2011, Hochmuth et al., 2011, Jiang et al., 2011, Micchelli et al., 2011, Nakajima et al., 2011, Okegbe and DiNardo, 2011, Perdigoto et al., 2011, Pi et al., 2011, Simons and Clevers, 2011, Strand and Micchelli, 2011, Takashima et al., 2011, Takashima et al., 2011, Wang et al., 2011, Beebe et al., 2010, Biteau et al., 2010, Buchon et al., 2010, Estella and Mann, 2010, Francis et al., 2010, Jiang et al., 2010, Kazemi-Esfarjani, 2010.6.21, Kim et al., 2010, Magwire et al., 2010, Park et al., 2010, Reis et al., 2010, Salzer et al., 2010, Wang et al., 2010, Zeng et al., 2010, Apidianakis et al., 2009, Buchon et al., 2009, Buchon et al., 2009, Chau et al., 2009, Chung et al., 2009, Flaherty et al., 2009, Grieder et al., 2009, Harbison et al., 2009, Jiang and Edgar, 2009, Jiang et al., 2009, Lee et al., 2009, McKay et al., 2009, Mortimer and Moberg, 2009, Southall and Brand, 2009, Biteau et al., 2008, Cao et al., 2008, Choi et al., 2008, Maeda et al., 2008, Stofanko et al., 2008, Voog et al., 2008, Araujo et al., 2007, Buszczak et al., 2007, Inoue and Hayashi, 2007, Kankel et al., 2007, Kitadate et al., 2007, Li et al., 2007, Minidorff et al., 2007, Minidorff et al., 2007, Mortimer and Moberg, 2007, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Ryder et al., 2007, Sandmann et al., 2007, Singh et al., 2007, Wada et al., 2007, Zhang et al., 2007, Armstrong et al., 2006, Casper and Van Doren, 2006, Choksi et al., 2006, Jiang and Crews, 2006, Jung et al., 2006, Le Bras and Van Doren, 2006, Molnar et al., 2006, Negre et al., 2006, Shigenobu et al., 2006, Shigenobu et al., 2006, Wheeler et al., 2006, Bolinger and Boekhoff-Falk, 2005, Brown and Feder, 2005, Kanuka et al., 2005, Staudt et al., 2005, Jiang and Crews, 2003, Streit et al., 2002)
                      flg
                      l(2)07082
                      l(2)35Ce
                      (Ashburner et al., 1999, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna, Alexandrova et al., 1996, Roote, 1995.5.4, Ashburner et al., 1990)
                      l(2)4B7
                      l(2)br43
                      (The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna, Ashburner et al., 1990)
                      l(2)esg
                      (Roote, 1995.5.15)
                      l35Ce
                      (Fossett et al., 1994)
                      shof
                      wiz
                      (Rodriguez et al., 1996)
                      Name Synonyms
                      D.m.Escargot
                      (Qi et al., 2008)
                      Escargot
                      (Strilbytska et al., 2017, Li and Jasper, 2016, Miao and Hayashi, 2016, Ramat et al., 2016, Apitz and Salecker, 2015, Loza-Coll et al., 2014, Rera et al., 2013, Yano et al., 2012, McLeod et al., 2010, Zeng et al., 2010, Buchon et al., 2009, Shindo et al., 2008)
                      Esgargot
                      (Guss et al., 2013)
                      Fusion-1
                      (Samakovlis et al., 1996)
                      double glazed
                      escargot
                      (Kondo et al., 2017, Buchon and Osman, 2015, Kohlmaier et al., 2015, Kroll et al., 2015, Sun et al., 2015, Rogers and Rogina, 2014, Guo et al., 2013, Roti et al., 2013, Zeng et al., 2013, Foronda et al., 2012, Pearson et al., 2012, Whitworth et al., 2012, Hartl et al., 2011, Hochmuth et al., 2011, Okegbe and DiNardo, 2011, Pi et al., 2011, Simons and Clevers, 2011, Strand and Micchelli, 2011, Takashima et al., 2011, Biehs et al., 2010, Biteau et al., 2010, Buchon et al., 2010, Estella and Mann, 2010, Salzer et al., 2010, Apidianakis et al., 2009, Buchon et al., 2009, Chau et al., 2009, Chung et al., 2009, Flaherty et al., 2009, Grieder et al., 2009, Harbison et al., 2009, Jiang and Edgar, 2009, Lee et al., 2009, Cao et al., 2008, Harbison and Sehgal, 2008, Maeda et al., 2008, McConnell et al., 2008, Sambandan et al., 2008, Stofanko et al., 2008, Voog et al., 2008, Araujo et al., 2007, Kankel et al., 2007, Kitadate et al., 2007, Mortimer and Moberg, 2007, Singh et al., 2007, Armstrong et al., 2006, Lim and Tomlinson, 2006, Negre et al., 2006, Sambandan et al., 2006, Shigenobu et al., 2006, Bolinger and Boekhoff-Falk, 2005, Staudt et al., 2005, Hall et al., 2004)
                      esgargot
                      (Buchon et al., 2009)
                      fleabag
                      (Hayashi et al., 1992)
                      shut off
                      (Hime et al., 1994)
                      wizard
                      (Fellowes and Godfray, 2000, Rodriguez et al., 1996)
                      Secondary FlyBase IDs
                      • FBgn0001981
                      • FBgn0000445
                      • FBgn0011711
                      • FBgn0015967
                      • FBgn0263955
                      Datasets (0)
                      Study focus (0)
                      Experimental Role
                      Project
                      Project Type
                      Title
                      Study result (0)
                      Result
                      Result Type
                      Title
                      External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 56 )
                      Sequence Crossreferences
                      NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                      GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                      GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                      RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                      UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                      UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                      UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                      Other crossreferences
                      AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                      DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                      EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                      FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                      InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                      KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                      MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                      Linkouts
                      FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                      FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                      Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
                      iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                      Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
                      References (553)