Wiktionary

rune

See also: Rune, runë, and runę

English

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Anglo-Saxon runes

Etymology

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Etymology tree
Proto-Celtic *rūnābor.?
Proto-Germanic *rūnō
Proto-Germanic *rūnǭ
Proto-Norse ᚱᚢᚾᛟ (runo)
Old Norse rúnbor.
English rune

    Borrowed from Old Norse rún, which is from Proto-Germanic *rūnō (“letter, literature, secret”), which is borrowed either from Proto-Celtic *rūnā or from the same source as it; compare Dutch rune, German Rune, Raune, Danish rune and Swedish runa. Compare roun.

    Finnic epic poem
    Semantic loan from Finnish runo.
    "code point"
    Suggested by Ken Thompson for use in Plan 9.[1]

    Pronunciation

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    • enPR: ro͞on, IPA(key): /ɹuːn/
    • Audio (US):(file)
    • Rhymes: -uːn

    Noun

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    rune (plural runes)

    1. A letter, or character, used in the written language of various ancient Germanic peoples, especially the Scandinavians and the Anglo-Saxons.
      • 1922, Eleanour Sinclair Rohde, The Old English Herbals, London: Longmans, Green and Co., page 14:
        Yet they made for man those mystic swords of superhuman workmanship engraved with magic runes and dipped when red hot in blood or in a broth of poisonous herbs and twigs.
      • 1970, Richard Hamer, editor, A Choice of Anglo-Saxon Verse, Croydon: Faber & Faber, →ISBN, page 76:
        Runes were the letters of an ancient Germanic alphabet, ultimately derived from the Mediterranean alphabets, which was used for carving on wood or stone and which to some extent survived the introduction of writing.
    2. Any visually similar script, such as Hungarian runes (the Old Hungarian script) or Turkic runes (the Old Turkic script).
    3. A Finnic or Scandinavian epic poem, or a division of one, especially a division of the Kalevala.
    4. A letter or mark used as a mystical or magic symbol.
      • 1924, Lord Dunsany, chapter III, in The King of Elfland's Daughter, New York: G.P. Puttnam's Sons, page 30:
        And the sword that had visited Earth from so far away smote like the falling of thunderbolts [...] and the runes in Alveric’s far-travelled sword exulted, and roared at the elf-knight; until in the dark of the wood, amongst branches severed from disenchanted trees, with a blow like that of a thunderbolt riving an oak-tree, Alveric slew him.
      • 1971, Richard Carpenter, Catweazle and the Magic Zodiac, Harmondsworth: Puffin Books, page 32:
        "Finding you somewhere to live isn't going to be easy," he said. "We must cast the runes," said Catweazle. "They will tell us."
      • 2016, Jeph Jacques, Questionable Content (webcomic), Number 3242: The Dunkelest Brau:
        "Are the, um, eldritch runes supposed to glow like that?" "Dunno. I asked the distributor about 'em and he started shaking really fast like in a Tool video."
    5. A verse or song, especially one with mystical or mysterious overtones; a spell or an incantation.
      Synonyms: enchantment, hex; see also Thesaurus:magic spell
      • 1895 June 22, Louis Wain, “Owls”, in Illustrated London News, volume 106, number 2931, page 28:
        Where the daylight peeps thro' like the glint of the Moon, / And the branches are rustling a murmurous rune, / The Owls sit in council like prophets of Fate, / Discussing grave questions of Kingdom and State.
      • 1891, Mary Noailles Murfree (as Charles Egbert Craddock), In the "Stranger People's" Country, Nebraska, published 2005, page 15:
        the fiddle sang and sang as ceaselessly as the chanting cicada without, and the frogs intoning their sylvan runes by the waterside.
    6. (obsolete) Alternative form of roun (“secret or mystery”).
    7. (programming, in the Go programming language) A Unicode code point.
      • 2016, Shiju Varghese, Go Recipes, Apress, →ISBN, page 12:
        Go language defines the type rune as an alias for the type int32 to represent a Unicode code point. A string in Go is a sequence of runes.

    Derived terms

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    Verb

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    rune (third-person singular simple present runes, present participle runing, simple past and past participle runed)

    1. (intransitive, poetic, dated) To compose or perform poetry or songs.

    Descendants

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    • → Mandarin: 盧恩 / 卢恩 (lú'ēn)

    Translations

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    References

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    1. ^ https://bsky.app/profile/robpike.io/post/3lo7rvalnd22y

    Anagrams

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    Danish

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    Danish Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia da
     
    Younger Futhark (Danish Long branch above), (Swedish-Norwegian Short branch below)

    Etymology

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    From Old Danish run, runæ, from Old Norse rún, from Proto-Norse ᚱᚢᚾᛟ (runo, acc.) from Proto-Germanic *rūnō

    Noun

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    rune c (singular definite runen, plural indefinite runer)

    1. rune

    Declension

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    Declension of rune
    common
    gender     		singular plural
    indefinite definite indefinite definite
    nominative rune runen runer runerne
    genitive runes runens runers runernes

    Derived terms

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    References

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    Dutch

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    Etymology

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    Borrowed from German Rune, from Old Norse rún.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    rune f (plural runen, diminutive runetje n)

    1. rune

    Derived terms

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    Anagrams

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    French

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    French Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia fr

    Etymology

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      Borrowed from Old Norse rún.

      Pronunciation

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      Noun

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      rune f (plural runes)

      1. rune

      Derived terms

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      Descendants

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      Further reading

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      Italian

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      Pronunciation

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      • IPA(key): /ˈru.ne/
      • Rhymes: -une
      • Hyphenation: rù‧ne

      Noun

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      rune f

      1. plural of runa

      Anagrams

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      Middle Dutch

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      Etymology

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        From Old Dutch *rūna, from Proto-Germanic *rūnō.

        Noun

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        rune f

        1. (rare) secretive whispering

        Inflection

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        Weak feminine noun
        singular plural
        nominative rune runen
        accusative rune runen
        genitive rune, runen runen
        dative rune, runen runen

        Further reading

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        Middle English

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        Etymology 1

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        Noun

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        rune

        1. (AB language, Ormulum, Early Middle English, Shropshire, Worcestershire; West Riding) alternative form of roune (“conversation”)

        Etymology 2

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        Verb

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        rune

        1. (Early Middle English, Worcestershire; West Riding) alternative form of rounen

        Norwegian Bokmål

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        Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:
        Wikipedia no

        Etymology

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        From Old Norse rún.

        Pronunciation

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        Noun

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        rune f or m (definite singular runa or runen, indefinite plural runer, definite plural runene)

        1. rune

        References

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        Anagrams

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        Norwegian Nynorsk

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        Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia has an article on:
        Wikipedia nn
         
        Elder Futhark
         
        Comparison of some post-Reformation runic alphabets from Norway

        Alternative forms

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        Etymology 1

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        Borrowed from Danish rune; likely a reanalysis of Old Norse plural rúnir, whence also runer f pl. Doublet of run.

        Pronunciation

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        Noun

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        rune f (definite singular runa, indefinite plural runer, definite plural runene)

        1. rune (a letter of runic alphabet)
          Synonym: run
        Derived terms
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        Etymology 2

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        Related to run (“witchcraft; rune”).

        Pronunciation

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        Noun

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        rune f (definite singular runa, indefinite plural runer, definite plural runene)

        1. an old formula, particularly a verse or a proverb

        Etymology 3

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        Noun

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        rune (present tense runar, past tense runa, past participle runa, passive infinitive runast, present participle runande, imperative rune/run)

        1. to conjure
          Synonyms: ganda, trylla

        References

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        • “rune” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
        • “Runa” in Ivar Aasen (1873) Norsk Ordbog med dansk Forklaring

        Old English

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        Pronunciation

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        Noun

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        rūne

        1. accusative singular of rūn
        2. genitive singular of rūn
        3. dative singular of rūn
        4. nominative plural of rūn
        5. accusative plural of rūn

        Serbo-Croatian

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        Noun

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        rune (Cyrillic spelling руне)

        1. inflection of runa:
          1. genitive singular
          2. nominative/accusative/vocative plural
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