Wiktionary

kam

See also: Appendix:Variations of "kam"
Languages (35)
Translingual • English
Abau • Afrikaans • Ainu • Albanian • Angloromani • Azerbaijani • Chinese • Czech • Danish • Dutch • Garo • German • Hausa • Ido • Kashubian • Latvian • Lithuanian • Northern Kurdish • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Palula • Pumpokol • Serbo-Croatian • Slovincian • Sumerian • Swedish • Talysh • Tok Pisin • Turkish • White Hmong • Yogad • Zazaki • Zou
Page categories

Translingual

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Etymology

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Clipping of English Kamba.

Symbol

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kam

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Kamba.

See also

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English

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Etymology

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From Welsh cam (“bent, crooked, distorted”), from Middle Welsh cam, from Old Welsh cam, from Proto-Brythonic *kam, from Proto-Celtic *kambos.

Cognate with Scottish Gaelic cam, Irish cam, French camus (“flat-nosed”) and more distantly Ancient Greek σκαμβός (skambós, “crooked, bent, bow-legged”). Doublet of camous.

Adjective

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kam (not comparable)

  1. (obsolete) Crooked, awry.

References

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Anagrams

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Abau

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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kam class I gender m

  1. my maternal uncle; used by the speaker to address their mother's brother

Declension

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declension of kam (kinship)
form
term of address kam
term of reference kam-uh

References

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  • Lock, Arnold Hugo. 2011. Abau Grammar. Data Papers on Papua New Guinea Languages 57. Ukarumpa, Papua New Guinea: SIL-PNG Academic Publications. Available online.
    • Table 12: Vowel harmony in the suffixation of kinship terms, p.29

Afrikaans

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Etymology

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From Dutch kam.

Pronunciation

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  • Audio:(file)

Noun

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kam (plural kamme)

  1. comb

Ainu

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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kam (Kana spelling カㇺ)

  1. flesh, meat
    unma kam hure.
    Horse meat is red.

Albanian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Suppletive. The present, imperfect, and subjunctive are from Proto-Albanian *kapmi, from Proto-Indo-European *kap- (“to seize, to grasp”), cognate with Latin capiō (“take, seize”) and Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to have, to hold”) (whence English have, German haben (“to have”), Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 (haban, “to have”)). The other tenses and participle are from Proto-Albanian *pat(i)-, from Proto-Indo-European *pótis (“owner, master, host, husband”), cognate with Latin potis (“able, capable”), Ancient Greek πόσις (pósis), Sanskrit पति (páti).[1]

Pronunciation

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Verb

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kam (aorist pata, participle pasur)

  1. to have
  2. (impersonal, third person) there is

Conjugation

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Standard Albanian conjugation of kam (active voice)

  • Show compound tenses:  

participle pasur
gerund duke pasur
infinitive për të pasur
singular plural
1st pers. 2nd pers. 3rd pers. 1st pers. 2nd pers. 3rd pers.
indicative present kam ke ka kemi keni kanë
imperfect kisha kishe kishte kishim kishit kishin
aorist pata pate pati patëm patët patën
perfect kam pasur ke pasur ka pasur kemi pasur keni pasur kanë pasur
past perfect kisha pasur kishe pasur kishte pasur kishim pasur kishit pasur kishin pasur
aorist II pata pasur pate pasur pati pasur patëm pasur patët pasur patën pasur
future1 do të kem do të kesh do të ketë do të kemi do të keni do të kenë
future perfect2 do të kem pasur do të kesh pasur do të ketë pasur do të kemi pasur do të keni pasur do të kenë pasur
subjunctive present të kem të kesh të ketë të kemi të keni të kenë
imperfect të kisha të kishe të kishte të kishim të kishit të kishin
perfect të kem pasur të kesh pasur të ketë pasur të kemi pasur të keni pasur të kenë pasur
past perfect të kisha pasur të kishe pasur të kishte pasur të kishim pasur të kishit pasur të kishin pasur
conditional1, 2 imperfect do të kisha do të kishe do të kishte do të kishim do të kishit do të kishin
past perfect do të kisha pasur do të kishe pasur do të kishte pasur do të kishim pasur do të kishit pasur do të kishin pasur
optative present paça paç pastë paçim paçi paçin
perfect paça pasur paç pasur pastë pasur paçim pasur paçit pasur paçin pasur
admirative present paskam paske paska paskemi paskeni paskan
imperfect paskësha paskëshe paskësh paskëshim paskëshit paskëshin
perfect paskam pasur paske pasur paska pasur paskemi pasur paskeni pasur paskan pasur
past perfect paskësha pasur paskëshe pasur paskësh pasur paskëshim pasur paskëshit pasur paskëshin pasur
imperative present — ki — — kini —
1) indicative future identical with conditional present 2) indicative future perfect identical with conditional perfect
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References

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  1. ^ Orel, Vladimir (1998), “kam”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden; Boston; Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 167

Angloromani

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited from Romani kham.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈkʰæm], [ˈcæm]

Noun

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kam

  1. sun

References

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  • “kam”, in Angloromani Dictionary‎[1], The Manchester Romani Project, 2004-2006, archived from the original on 26 November 2021, page 141

Azerbaijani

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Other scripts
Cyrillic кам
Arabic کام

Etymology

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Borrowed from Classical Persian کام.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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kam (definite accusative kamı, plural kamlar)

  1. wish, desire
    Synonyms: arzu, dilək, istək
  2. pleasure
    Synonyms: ləzzət, zövq

Declension

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Declension of kam
singular plural
nominative kamkamlar
definite accusative kamıkamları
dative kamakamlara
locative kamdakamlarda
ablative kamdankamlardan
definite genitive kamınkamların
Possessive forms of kam
nominative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) kamım kamlarım
sənin (“your”) kamın kamların
onun (“his/her/its”) kamı kamları
bizim (“our”) kamımız kamlarımız
sizin (“your”) kamınız kamlarınız
onların (“their”) kamı or kamları kamları
accusative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) kamımı kamlarımı
sənin (“your”) kamını kamlarını
onun (“his/her/its”) kamını kamlarını
bizim (“our”) kamımızı kamlarımızı
sizin (“your”) kamınızı kamlarınızı
onların (“their”) kamını or kamlarını kamlarını
dative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) kamıma kamlarıma
sənin (“your”) kamına kamlarına
onun (“his/her/its”) kamına kamlarına
bizim (“our”) kamımıza kamlarımıza
sizin (“your”) kamınıza kamlarınıza
onların (“their”) kamına or kamlarına kamlarına
locative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) kamımda kamlarımda
sənin (“your”) kamında kamlarında
onun (“his/her/its”) kamında kamlarında
bizim (“our”) kamımızda kamlarımızda
sizin (“your”) kamınızda kamlarınızda
onların (“their”) kamında or kamlarında kamlarında
ablative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) kamımdan kamlarımdan
sənin (“your”) kamından kamlarından
onun (“his/her/its”) kamından kamlarından
bizim (“our”) kamımızdan kamlarımızdan
sizin (“your”) kamınızdan kamlarınızdan
onların (“their”) kamından or kamlarından kamlarından
genitive
singular plural
mənim (“my”) kamımın kamlarımın
sənin (“your”) kamının kamlarının
onun (“his/her/its”) kamının kamlarının
bizim (“our”) kamımızın kamlarımızın
sizin (“your”) kamınızın kamlarınızın
onların (“their”) kamının or kamlarının kamlarının

Further reading

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  • “kam” in Obastan.com.

Chinese

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Etymology 1

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “related to 尷? related to English kam?”)

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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kam (Cantonese)

  1. (of people) cringe; weird; awkward
    kam撚 [Cantonese]  ―  kem5 lan2 [Jyutping]  ―  cringe person
  2. (of event or action) cringe; embarrassing
  3. difficult to deal with; tough

Etymology 2

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Onomatopoeic.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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kam

  1. (Cantonese) to clear one's throat
Alternative forms
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Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Adjective

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kam

  1. alternative form of camp

Czech

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Etymology

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Inherited from Old Czech kam(o), from Proto-Slavic *kamo.

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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kam

  1. where, whither (to what place)
    Antonym: odkud

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Danish

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Etymology

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From Old Norse kambr, from Proto-Germanic *kambaz, Norwegian, Swedish kam, English comb, German Kamm. The Germanic noun goes back to Proto-Indo-European *ǵómbʰos (“tooth, peg”), which is also the source of Sanskrit: जम्भः (jámbhaḥ, “tooth”), Ancient Greek γόμφος (gómphos, “peg”), Polish ząb (“tooth”).

Noun

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kam c (singular definite kammen, plural indefinite kamme)

  1. comb
  2. crest (of an animal)
  3. loin, back (of a butchered animal)
  4. ridge (of a mountain)

Declension

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Declension of kam
common
gender 		singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative kam kammen kamme kammene
genitive kams kammens kammes kammenes

Derived terms

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References

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Dutch

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Dutch Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia nl

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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    From Middle Dutch kamp, from Old Dutch *kamb, from Proto-West Germanic *kamb, from Proto-Germanic *kambaz (“comb”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵómbʰos (“tooth; row of teeth”).

    Noun

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    Kam

    kam m (plural kammen, diminutive kammetje n)

    1. a comb, utensil to groom hair, fur etc.
    2. (by extension) a ridge or comb-like structure
      De kam van de berg is bedekt met sneeuw. ― The ridge of the mountain is covered in snow.
    3. (technical) a cam
    4. a bridge (e.g. of a violin)
    Derived terms
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    Descendants
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    Etymology 2

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    See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

    Verb

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    kam

    1. inflection of kammen:
      1. first-person singular present indicative
      2. (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
      3. imperative

    Anagrams

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    Garo

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    Etymology

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    Borrowed from Assamese কাম (kam).

    Noun

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    kam

    1. work

    Derived terms

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    German

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    Pronunciation

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    Verb

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    kam

    1. first/third-person singular preterite of kommen

    Hausa

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    Pronunciation

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    Ideophone

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    kam

    1. firmly, tightly
    2. adamant, insistent

    Alternative forms

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    Ido

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    Etymology

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    Borrowed from Latin quam. The initial qu was changed to k so as not to cause confusion with the word with quan.

    Pronunciation

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    Adverb

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    kam

    1. than, as, to (in comparison)
      La karno esas plu fresha kam la fisho. ― The meat is fresher than the fish.
      Co esas tam utila kam to. ― This one is as useful as that one.

    See also

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    Kashubian

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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    Etymology tree
    Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-
    Proto-Indo-European *-mō
    Proto-Indo-European *h₂éḱmō
    Proto-Balto-Slavic *kā́ˀmō
    Proto-Slavic *kàmy
    Kashubian kam

      Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kàmy.

      Pronunciation

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      • IPA(key): /ˈkam/
      • Rhymes: -am
      • Syllabification: kam

      Noun

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      kam m inan

      1. stone (piece of rock that has been separated)

      Declension

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      Declension of kam
      singular plural
      nominative kam kamë/kamienie
      genitive kama/kamienia kamów/kamieniów
      dative kamòwi/kamieniowi kamóm/kamienióm
      accusative kam kamë/kamienie
      instrumental kamã/kamieniã kamama/kamieniama
      locative kamie/kamieniu kamach/kamieniach
      vocative kamie/kamieniu kamë/kamienie

      Further reading

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      • Stefan Ramułt (1893), “kam”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 66
      • Sychta, Bernard (1968), “kam”, in Słownik gwar kaszubskich [Dictionary of Kashubian dialects] (in Polish), volumes 2 (H – L), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 125
      • Jan Trepczyk (1994), “kamień”, in Słownik polsko-kaszubski (in Kashubian), volumes 1–2
      • Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011), “kamień”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎[2]
      • “kam”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

      Latvian

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      Pronoun

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      kam

      1. dative of kas

      Lithuanian

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      Etymology

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      Compare Polish czemu, with similar semantic development.

      Pronunciation

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      Pronoun

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      kám

      1. dative of kas
      2. (derogatory, interrogative) why, for what reason, what's the reason
        Synonyms: kodėl, dėl ko
        Õ kám táu tõ rei̇̃kia? ― And what do you need this for?

      Northern Kurdish

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      Etymology

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      From Armenian կամ (kam).[1][2]

      Noun

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      kam ?[3]

      1. threshing sledge, threshing board
        Synonyms: cencer, patoz

      References

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      1. ^ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973), “կամն”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, page 502b
      2. ^ Cabolov, R. L. (2001), Etimologičeskij slovarʹ kurdskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Kurdish Language] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Russian Academy Press Vostochnaya Literatura, page 513
      3. ^ Jaba, Auguste; Justi, Ferdinand (1879), Dictionnaire Kurde-Français [Kurdish–French Dictionary], Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences, page 323b

      Norwegian Bokmål

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      Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:
      Wikipedia no

      Etymology

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      From Old Norse kambr.

      Noun

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      kam m (definite singular kammen, indefinite plural kammer, definite plural kammene)

      1. a comb

      Derived terms

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      References

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      Norwegian Nynorsk

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      Etymology

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      From Old Norse kambr. Akin to English comb.

      Pronunciation

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      Noun

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      kam m (definite singular kammen, indefinite plural kammar, definite plural kammane)

      1. a comb

      Derived terms

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      References

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      Palula

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      Etymology

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      Borrowed from Urdu کم (kam), from Persian کم (kam).

      Pronunciation

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      Adjective

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      kam (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling کم)

      1. less
      2. inferior

      References

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      • Henrik Liljegren; Naseem Haider (2011), “kam”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎[3], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

      Pumpokol

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      Etymology

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      Possibly related to Proto-Yeniseian *qapʰ (“boat made of birchbark”), but not listed by any etymological sources on Yeniseian languages.[1][2]

      Pronunciation

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      Noun

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      kam (plural unknown)

      1. a water vessel made of birchbark, glossed as "Túes" by Gerhard F. Müller

      References

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      1. ^ https://starlingdb.org/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fDATA%2fYENISEY%2fYENET&text_number=524&root=config
      2. ^ Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 639

      Further reading

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      • Портфель Миллера in Russian state archives, folio 199.
      • Werner, Heinrich K. (2005), Die Jenissej-Sprachen des 18. Jahrhunderts (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz KG, →ISBN, page 183

      Serbo-Croatian

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      Etymology 1

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      Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kamy.

      Pronunciation

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      Noun

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      kȃm m inan (Cyrillic spelling ка̑м)

      1. (poetic) stone, rock
      Declension
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      Declension of kam
      singular plural
      nominative kȃm kȃmi / kȁmovi
      genitive kama kama / kamova
      dative kamu kamima / kamovima
      accusative kam kame / kamove
      vocative kame kȃmi / kȁmovi
      locative kamu kamima / kamovima
      instrumental kamom kamima / kamovima

      Etymology 2

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      Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kamo.

      Adverb

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      kam (Cyrillic spelling кам)

      1. (Kajkavian) where (to), in which direction, whither
        Synonym: kamo
        Synonym: kud
        Synonym: kuda

      Slovincian

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      Alternative forms

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      Etymology

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      Etymology tree
      Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-
      Proto-Indo-European *-mō
      Proto-Indo-European *h₂éḱmō
      Proto-Balto-Slavic *kā́ˀmō
      Proto-Slavic *kàmy
      Slovincian kam

        Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kàmy.

        Pronunciation

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        • IPA(key): /ˈkam/
        • Rhymes: -am
        • Syllabification: kam

        Noun

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        kam m inan

        1. stone (piece of rock that has been separated)

        Further reading

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        Sumerian

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        Romanization

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        kam

        1. romanization of 𒄰 (kam)

        Swedish

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        Etymology

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        From Old Swedish kamber, from Old Norse kambr,[1] cognate with Danish kam[1] and Dutch kam.

        That in turn derived from Proto-Germanic *kambaz, whence also Old English camb (English comb), Old High German kamb (German Kamm).[1] Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵómbʰos (“tooth (animate)”),[1] whence also Ancient Greek γόμφος (gómphos, “peg”),[1] Lithuanian žam̃bas, Old Church Slavonic зѫбъ (zǫbŭ, “tooth”), Russian зуб (zub, “tooth”).

        Pronunciation

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        Noun

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        kam c

        1. a comb for grooming hair
        2. a comb, a fleshy growth on the top of the head of some birds and reptiles
        3. a crest, summit of a hill or mountain ridge
        4. a crest, ridge of a wave
        5. a cam, a part of an engine

        Declension

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        Declension of kam
        nominative genitive
        singular indefinite kam kams
        definite kammen kammens
        plural indefinite kammar kammars
        definite kammarna kammarnas

        Derived terms

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        References

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        1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Swedish etymological dictionary (article "kam", in Swedish)

        Anagrams

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        Talysh

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        Etymology

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        Cognate with Persian کم (kam).

        Adverb

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        kam

        1. a few, a little

        Tok Pisin

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        Etymology

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        From English come.

        Noun

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        kam

        1. come

        Turkish

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        Etymology

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        Learned borrowing from Proto-Turkic *kām (“sorcerer, soothsayer, magician”)[1].

        Cognates

        Cognate with Chuvash юмӑҫ (jumăś), Khakas хам (xam), Old Uyghur 𐽲𐽰𐽹 (qʾm /⁠ḳam⁠/), Shor қам (qam), Southern Altai кам (kam) and Tuvan хам (xam).

        Pronunciation

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        Noun

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        kam (definite accusative kamı, plural kamlar)

        1. synonym of şaman (“shaman”)

        Declension

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        Declension of kam
        singular plural
        nominative kam kamlar
        definite accusative kamı kamları
        dative kama kamlara
        locative kamda kamlarda
        ablative kamdan kamlardan
        genitive kamın kamların
        Possessive forms
        nominative
        singular plural
        1st singular kamım kamlarım
        2nd singular kamın kamların
        3rd singular kamı kamları
        1st plural kamımız kamlarımız
        2nd plural kamınız kamlarınız
        3rd plural kamları kamları
        definite accusative
        singular plural
        1st singular kamımı kamlarımı
        2nd singular kamını kamlarını
        3rd singular kamını kamlarını
        1st plural kamımızı kamlarımızı
        2nd plural kamınızı kamlarınızı
        3rd plural kamlarını kamlarını
        dative
        singular plural
        1st singular kamıma kamlarıma
        2nd singular kamına kamlarına
        3rd singular kamına kamlarına
        1st plural kamımıza kamlarımıza
        2nd plural kamınıza kamlarınıza
        3rd plural kamlarına kamlarına
        locative
        singular plural
        1st singular kamımda kamlarımda
        2nd singular kamında kamlarında
        3rd singular kamında kamlarında
        1st plural kamımızda kamlarımızda
        2nd plural kamınızda kamlarınızda
        3rd plural kamlarında kamlarında
        ablative
        singular plural
        1st singular kamımdan kamlarımdan
        2nd singular kamından kamlarından
        3rd singular kamından kamlarından
        1st plural kamımızdan kamlarımızdan
        2nd plural kamınızdan kamlarınızdan
        3rd plural kamlarından kamlarından
        genitive
        singular plural
        1st singular kamımın kamlarımın
        2nd singular kamının kamlarının
        3rd singular kamının kamlarının
        1st plural kamımızın kamlarımızın
        2nd plural kamınızın kamlarınızın
        3rd plural kamlarının kamlarının

        References

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        1. ^ Clauson, Gerard (1972), “kam”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 625

        Further reading

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        White Hmong

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        Pronunciation

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        Etymology 1

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        This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
        Particularly: “Not mentioned by Ratliff at all. The "accustomed to" meaning is very likely borrowed from Chinese 慣／惯 (guàn, “to become accustomed”). The "willing, agreeable" meaning seems to be a semantic extension of the "accustomed to" meaning. Or perhaps it's from 敢 (gǎn, “dare to”)? Or maybe it's native Hmongic or from some other source?”

        Verb

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        kam

        1. to be willing, agreeable
          Kuv kam thiab. ― I'm willing.
          Kuv tsis kam mus. ― I won't go.

        Adverb

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        kam

        1. accustomed to
          Noj mov tsi kam. ― Unaccustomed to eating rice.
          Nws sau ntawv tsis kam. ― He isn't accustomed to writing.

        Etymology 2

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        This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
        Particularly: “Not mentioned by Ratliff at all. Perhaps borrowed from Chinese 幹／干 (gàn, “trunk; (colloquial) to do”) or 關／关 (guān, “to concern”)?”

        Noun

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        kam (classifier: tus)

        1. business, affairs
          Koj muaj kam dab tsi? ― What is your business? What do you want?
          kam teb chaws ― national affairs; national politics

        References

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        • Heimbach, Ernest E. (1979), White Hmong — English Dictionary‎[5], SEAP Publications, →ISBN, page 75.

        Yogad

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        Pronoun

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        kam

        1. you (plural)

        Zazaki

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        Alternative forms

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        Pronunciation

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        Pronoun

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        kam

        1. who

        Zou

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        Etymology

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        From Proto-Kuki-Chin *kam. Cognate with Mizo kám.

        Pronunciation

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        • IPA(key): [kʌ̄m]
        • Hyphenation: kam

        Noun

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        kam

        1. mouth

        References

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        • Philip Thangliènmâng (2010), Minimal dictionary and Self-tutor Functional Grammar in Zo-English-Hindi, New Delhi: Zoculsin, →ISBN, page 19
        • Lukram Himmat Singh (2013), A Descriptive Grammar of Zou (PhD thesis), Canchipur: Manipur University, page 47
        Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=kam&oldid=90434245"