borg

See also: BORG, Borg, bôrg, and borġ

English

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /bɔːɡ/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /bɔɹɡ/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)ɡ

Etymology 1

Clipping of cyborg, a contraction of cybernetic organism.

Noun

borg (plural borgs)

1. Synonym of cyborg.
   • 2003, Dalos Gaymer, “Gotcha Force Review for GameCube”, GameFAQs:

     You'll also have to put together a team or Force of borgs that you won from winning battles. Before battle you assemble your Force within the GF Energy Limit. Each borg has a cost attached to them and this GF Energy Limit is kind of like your budget.

Verb

borg (third-person singular simple present borgs, present participle borging, simple past and past participle borged)

1. Alternative spelling of Borg.

Etymology 2

Noun

borg (plural borgs)

1. Alternative form of BORG.

Anagrams

• Grob, brog

Cimbrian

Etymology

From Middle High German vurch. Cognate with German Furche, English furrow.

Noun

borg m

1. (Sette Comuni) furrow (trench cut in soil)

References

• “borg” in Martalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974), Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

Danish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈpɒˀw], [ˈpɒwˀ]
• Homophone: bov

Etymology 1

From Old Danish borgh, burg, from Old Norse borg, from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold, city”), cognate with German Burg (“castle”) and English borough. The Germanic noun is derived from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“to rise”), which is also the source of Danish bjerg (“mountain”).

Noun

borg c (singular definite borgen, plural indefinite borge)

1. castle, stronghold

Inflection

Declension of borg

common gender	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	borg	borgen	borge	borgene
genitive	borgs	borgens	borges	borgenes

Further reading

• borg on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^da

Etymology 2

From Middle Low German borg, borge. Compare German Borg (“credit”).

Noun

borg c

1. (dated) credit

   På borg. ― On credit.

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

borg

1. imperative of borge (“to guarantee, vouch for”)

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɔrx/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: borg
• Rhymes: -ɔrx

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch borge, ultimately from the root of the verb bergen (“to protect, safeguard”).

Noun

borg m (plural borgen, no diminutive)

1. surety, bail

   Synonyms: borgtocht, cautie

2. guarantor
3. deposit

Derived terms

• borgtocht

Descendants

• Negerhollands: borg
• → Indonesian: boreh
• → Papiamentu: bòrg, borg, borg
• → Sranan Tongo: borgu

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

borg

1. singular past indicative of bergen
2. inflection of borgen:
   1. first-person singular present indicative
   2. (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
   3. imperative

Faroese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pɔɹk/

Etymology 1

From Old Norse borg, from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold, city”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“fort”). Related to berg (“mountain”), bjørg (“mountain side”).

Noun

borg f (genitive singular borgar, plural borgir)

1. castle, stronghold

Declension

f2	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	borg	borgin	borgir	borgirnar
accusative	borg	borgina	borgir	borgirnar
dative	borg	borgini	borgum	borgunum
genitive	borgar	borgarinnar	borga	borganna

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Danish borg, from Middle Low German borg, borge. Compare German Borg (“credit”).

Noun

borg n (genitive singular borgs, uncountable)

1. bail
2. (dated) credit

   At keypa upp á borg.

   To buy on credit.

Declension

n3s	singular
	indefinite	definite
nominative	borg	borgið
accusative	borg	borgið
dative	borgi	borginum
genitive	borgs	borgsins

Synonyms

• (bail): borgan

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse borg, from Proto-Germanic *burgz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ-. Related to berg, bjarg (“rock, cliff”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpɔrk/
• Rhymes: -ɔrk

Noun

borg f (genitive singular borgar, nominative plural borgir)

1. city
2. castle
3. rocky hill (with cliffs)

Declension

Declension of borg (feminine)

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	borg	borgin	borgir	borgirnar
accusative	borg	borgina	borgir	borgirnar
dative	borg	borginni	borgum	borgunum
genitive	borgar	borgarinnar	borga	borganna

Derived terms

• borgarbúi
• borgardómari
• borgarfulltrúi
• borgarhluti
• borgarísjaki
• borgarsjórn
• borgarstjóri
• höfuðborg
• Rómaborg
• Vínarborg

Irish

Noun

borg m (genitive singular boirg, nominative plural boirg)

1. alternative form of buirg (“borough”)

Declension

Declension of borg (first declension)

bare forms singular plural nominative borg boirg vocative a bhoirg a bhorga genitive boirg borg dative borg boirg forms with the definite article singular plural nominative an borg na boirg genitive an bhoirg na mborg dative leis an mborg don bhorg leis na boirg

Mutation

Mutated forms of borg

radical	lenition	eclipsis
borg	bhorg	mborg

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “borg”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla [Irish–English Dictionary], Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Danish borg, from Old Norse borg, from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold, city”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“fort”). Inherited with masculine declension from Danish, the optional feminine declension was later borrowed from Nynorsk.

Noun

borg m or f (definite singular borga or borgen, indefinite plural borger, definite plural borgene)

1. a castle (fortified building)

References

• “borg” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse borg, from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold, city”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“fort”).

Noun

borg f (definite singular borga, indefinite plural borger, definite plural borgene)

1. a castle

References

• “borg” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English

Etymology

Related to the verb borgian (“to borrow”), which see.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /borɡ/, [borˠɣ]

Noun

borg m

1. pledge

Declension

Strong a-stem:

	singular	plural
nominative	borg	borgas
accusative	borg	borgas
genitive	borges	borga
dative	borge	borgum

Derived terms

• godborh

Related terms

• borgian

Descendants

• Middle English: borwe
  • English: borrow (obsolete)
    • → Middle Scots: borrow
  • Middle Scots: borch
    • Scots: borrow (influenced by the verb)

Old French

Noun

borg oblique singular, m (oblique plural bors, nominative singular bors, nominative plural borg)

1. alternative form of burg

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *burgz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“fortified elevation”).

Noun

borg f (genitive borgar, plural borgir)

1. a city, town (often fortified)
2. a castle
3. any fortified place

Declension

Declension of borg (strong i-stem)

feminine	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	borg	borgin	borgir	borgirnar
accusative	borg	borgina	borgir	borgirnar
dative	borgu	borgunni	borgum	borgunum
genitive	borgar	borgarinnar	borga	borganna

Descendants

• Icelandic: borg
• Faroese: borg
• Norwegian Nynorsk: borg; (dialectal) børg
• Elfdalian: borg
• Old Swedish: borgh
  • Swedish: borg
• Old Danish: borgh, burg
  • Danish: borg
  • Norwegian Bokmål: borg
• Old Gutnish: burg, borg

Further reading

• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910), “borg”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

Polish

Alternative forms

• bórg (Łowicz)

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Compare Kashubian bórg.

Pronunciation

• (Masovia):
  • (Łowicz) IPA^(key): [ˈbɔrk]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

borg m inan

1. (Łowicz) synonym of kredyt

Further reading

• Marzena Kozanecka-Zwierz, Magdalena Bartosiewicz, Renata Marciniak-Firadza, editors (2014), “borg”, in Gwara – Księżaków "język ojczysty" Dziedzictwo regionu łowickiego (in Polish), Łowicz: Muzeum w Łowiczu, →ISBN, page 22

Swedish

en borg

Etymology 1

From Old Swedish borgh (“fortress, city”), from Old Norse borg (also "bulwark", "wall'), from Proto-Germanic *burgz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ-. Akin to English borough, burgh, Old Irish bri (hence the name Birgitta).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɔrj/

• Audio; “en borg”:

  (file)

Noun

borg c

1. a fortified castle (or city)

Usage notes

Compare slott, which leans more towards palace.

Declension

Declension of borg

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	borg	borgs
	definite	borgen	borgens
plural	indefinite	borgar	borgars
	definite	borgarna	borgarnas

Derived terms

• borgfred
• borggård
• borgruin
• bygdeborg
• fanborg
• fingerborg
• fornborg
• Göteborg
• Helsingborg
• hoppborg
• högborg
• kungaborg
• landborg
• medeltidsborg
• riddarborg
• Swedenborg
• trojaborg
• vagnborg
• valborg

Related terms

• Borg
• borga
• borgare
• borgen
• borgerlig
• borgmästare

See also

• slott (non-fortified)
• tinne
• vallgrav (“moat”)
• vindbrygga (“drawbridge”)

Etymology 2

Unadapted borrowing from English, from cyborg.

Noun

borg c

1. a borg

Declension

Declension of borg

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	borg	borgs
	definite	borgen	borgens
plural	indefinite	borger	borgers
	definite	borgerna	borgernas

References

• “borg”, in Svenska Akademiens ordböcker [Dictionaries of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
• borg in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)