淘汰

Chinese

		cleanse; eliminate; to clean out cleanse; eliminate; to clean out; to wash	to discard; to eliminate; too
simp. and trad. (淘汰)		淘	汰
alternative forms		洮汰

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): táotài

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄠˊ ㄊㄞˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): tou⁴ taai³

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thò-thai
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tô-thài / tô͘-thài

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: táotài
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄠˊ ㄊㄞˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: táotài
    • Wade–Giles: tʻao²-tʻai⁴
    • Yale: táu-tài
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: taurtay
    • Palladius: таотай (taotaj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: tou⁴ taai³
    • Yale: tòuh taai
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tou⁴ taai³
    • Guangdong Romanization: tou⁴ tai³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰou̯²¹ tʰaːi̯³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thò-thai
    • Hakka Romanization System: to^ˇ tai
    • Hagfa Pinyim: to² tai⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰo¹¹ tʰai̯⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tô-thài
    • Tâi-lô: tô-thài
    • Phofsit Daibuun: doi'taix
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɤ²³⁻³³ tʰai²¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /to²⁴⁻²² tʰai²¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /to¹³⁻²² tʰai²¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /to²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰai¹¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tô͘-thài
    • Tâi-lô: tôo-thài
    • Phofsit Daibuun: do'taix
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔ²⁴⁻²² tʰai⁴¹/

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• Middle Chinese: thajH

Rime
Character	汰
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	泰 (25)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	他蓋切
Baxter	thajH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰɑiH/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰɑiH/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɑiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰajH/
Li Rong	/tʰɑiH/
Wang Li	/tʰɑiH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/tʰɑiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tài
Expected Cantonese Reflex	taai3

Verb

淘汰

1. (literal) to rinse; to wash away
2. (figurative) to eliminate (something bad or unsuitable); to weed out; to make (something) fall into disuse

   加速淘汰  ―  jiāsù táotài  ―  to hasten elimination

3. (sports) to eliminate (a team or player); to knock out

Synonyms

• (to eliminate):

edit

• 免
• 免除 (miǎnchú)
• 刷 (colloquial)
• 削 (literary, or in compounds)
• 削除 (xuēchú)
• 去掉 (qùdiào)
• 去除 (qùchú)
• 報銷 / 报销 (bàoxiāo) (figurative, humorous)
• 屏除 (bǐngchú)
• 廓清 (kuòqīng)
• 打掉 (dǎdiào)
• 掃 / 扫
• 排解 (páijiě)
• 掃除 / 扫除 (sǎochú) (figurative)
• 排除 (páichú)
• 摒除
• 撤 (chè)
• 撤除 (chèchú)
• 消 (xiāo)
• 消弭 (xiāomǐ) (literary)
• 消解 (xiāojiě)
• 消釋 / 消释 (xiāoshì) (figurative)
• 消除 (xiāochú)
• 清洗 (qīngxǐ) (figurative)
• 清除 (qīngchú)
• 破 (pò) (literary, or in compounds)
• 破壞 / 破坏 (pòhuài)
• 破除 (pòchú)
• 祛除 (qūchú)
• 罷 / 罢
• 翦落 (jiǎnluò) (literary)
• 肅清 / 肃清 (sùqīng)
• 蕩 / 荡 (dàng) (literary, or in compounds)
• 解釋 / 解释 (jiěshì) (archaic)
• 解除 (jiěchú)
• 鋤 / 锄 (chú)
• 鏟除 / 铲除 (chǎnchú)
• 除
• 除去 (chúqù)
• 除忒 (Hakka)
• 除掉 (chúdiào)
• 除開 / 除开 (chúkāi)
• 革除 (géchú)
• 驅散 / 驱散 (qūsàn)
• 驅走 / 驱走 (qūzǒu)
• 驅除 / 驱除 (qūchú)

Derived terms

• 單淘汰 / 单淘汰
• 天然淘汰
• 淘汰賽 / 淘汰赛 (táotàisài)
• 自然淘汰 (zìrán táotài)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (淘汰):

• → Japanese: 淘(とう)汰(た) (tōta)
• → Korean: 도태(淘汰) (dotae)
• → Vietnamese: đào thải (淘汰)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
淘	汰
とう Hyōgai	た Grade: S
kan'on	kan'yōon

Alternative spelling
洮汰

Etymology

/tau ta/ → /tɔːta/ → /toːta/

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 淘汰 (táotài).

Equivalent to a compound of Middle Chinese-derived elements 淘 (tō, “wash in sieve”) +‎ 汰 (ta, “scour”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) とーた [tóꜜòtà] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [to̞ːta̠]

Noun

淘(とう)汰(た) • (tōta) ^{←たうた (tauta)?}

1. a culling out, weeding out
2. (especially in biology) a selection

   Synonym: 選択 (sentaku)

Derived terms

• 淘(とう)汰(た)圧(あつ) (tōtātsu, “selection pressure”)
• 淘(とう)汰(た)盤(ばん) (tōtaban)
• 群(ぐん)淘(とう)汰(た) (guntōta)
• 血(けつ)縁(えん)淘(とう)汰(た) (ketsuen tōta)
• 自(し)然(ぜん)淘(とう)汰(た) (shizen tōta)
• 雌(し)雄(ゆう)淘(とう)汰(た) (shiyū tōta)
• 社(しゃ)会(かい)淘(とう)汰(た) (shakai tōta)
• 人(じん)為(い)淘(とう)汰(た) (jin'i tōta)
• 性(せい)淘(とう)汰(た) (seitōta)

Verb

淘(とう)汰(た)する • (tōta suru) ^{←たうた (tauta)?}transitive suru (stem 淘(とう)汰(た)し (tōta shi), past 淘(とう)汰(た)した (tōta shita))

1. to cull out, weed out

Conjugation

Conjugation of "淘汰する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	淘汰し	とうたし	tōta shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	淘汰し	とうたし	tōta shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	淘汰する	とうたする	tōta suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	淘汰する	とうたする	tōta suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	淘汰すれ	とうたすれ	tōta sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	淘汰せよ¹ 淘汰しろ²	とうたせよ¹ とうたしろ²	tōta seyo¹ tōta shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	淘汰される	とうたされる	tōta sareru
Causative	淘汰させる 淘汰さす	とうたさせる とうたさす	tōta saseru tōta sasu
Potential	淘汰できる	とうたできる	tōta dekiru
Volitional	淘汰しよう	とうたしよう	tōta shiyō
Negative	淘汰しない	とうたしない	tōta shinai
Negative continuative	淘汰せず	とうたせず	tōta sezu
Formal	淘汰します	とうたします	tōta shimasu
Perfective	淘汰した	とうたした	tōta shita
Conjunctive	淘汰して	とうたして	tōta shite
Hypothetical conditional	淘汰すれば	とうたすれば	tōta sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

See also

• 選(せん)別(べつ) (senbetsu)
• 篩(ふる)い落(お)とし (furuiotoshi)

References

• “^▲淘汰”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

1. Ineko Kondō, Fumi Takano, Mary E. Althaus, et al. (2002), Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, third edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
淘	汰

Noun

淘汰 • (dotae) (hangeul 도태)

1. hanja form^? of 도태 (“a culling out, weeding out”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
淘	汰

Verb

淘汰

1. chữ Hán form of đào thải (“to purge; to get rid of”)