海南

Chinese

		ocean; sea	south
simp. and trad. (海南)		海	南
anagram		南海

Etymology

Literally, south of a “sea”, which, in the case of Hainan Island or province, refers to the Qiongzhou Strait (瓊州海峽 / 琼州海峡 (Qióngzhōu Hǎixiá)), and in the case of Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, refers to the Qinghai Lake (青海湖 (Qīnghǎi Hú)). The district in Wuhai, Inner Mongolia is named after its position relative to the Haibowan (海勃灣／海勃湾) District.

“Kainan” is an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 海(かい)南(なん) (Kainan).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Hǎinán

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄞˇ ㄋㄢˊ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hoi² naam⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): hoi² nam³

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): Hói-nàm

  (Hailu, HRS): hoi^ˊ nam

  (Meixian, Guangdong): hoi³ nam²

• Eastern Min (BUC): Hāi-nàng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hai³ nang²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): Hái-lâm

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hai² lam⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵he-noe

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Hǎinán
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄞˇ ㄋㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Hǎinán
    • Wade–Giles: Hai³-nan²
    • Yale: Hǎi-nán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Haenan
    • Palladius: Хайнань (Xajnanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: hoi² naam⁴
    • Yale: hói nàahm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hoi² naam⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: hoi² nam⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːi̯³⁵ naːm²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: hoi² nam³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hᵘɔi⁵⁵ ⁿdam²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Hói-nàm
    • Hakka Romanization System: hoi^ˋ nam^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: hoi³ nam²
    • Sinological IPA: /hoi̯³¹ nam¹¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: hoi^ˊ nam
    • Sinological IPA: /hoi²⁴⁻³³ nam⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: hoi³ nam²
    • Sinological IPA: /hoɪ³¹ nam¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: Hāi-nàng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hai³³⁻²¹ nˡaŋ⁵³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: hai³ nang² [Phonetic: hai² nang²]
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: Hâi-náng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hai⁴⁵³⁻¹³ naŋ¹³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: hai³ nang² [Phonetic: hai¹ nang²]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hai³³²⁻⁵⁵ naŋ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Hái-lâm
    • Tâi-lô: Hái-lâm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: haylaam
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /hai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lam²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /hai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lam²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hai² lam⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hái lâm
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hai⁵²⁻³⁵ lam⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵he-noe
    • MiniDict: he^去 noe
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²he-noe
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /he³³ nø⁴⁴/

Proper noun

海南

1. (～島) Hainan, Hainan Island (an island off the coast of southern China)

   • 海南黎人，親死，不食粥飯，唯飲酒食生牛肉，以為至孝在是。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
     海南黎人，亲死，不食粥饭，唯饮酒食生牛肉，以为至孝在是。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]

     From: Zhou Qufei, Representative Answers from the Region beyond the Mountains, 12^th century CE

     Hǎinán Lí rén, qīn sǐ, bù shí zhōu fàn, wéi yǐnjiǔ shí shēng niúròu, yǐwéi zhìxiào zài shì. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

2. (～省) Hainan (a province off the coast of southern China, primarily made up of Hainan Island)
3. (～藏族自治州, ～州) Hainan, Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (a Tibetan autonomous prefecture of Qinghai, China)
4. (～區) Hainan (a district of Wuhai, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)
5. (～市) Kainan (a city in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan)

Synonyms

• (Hainan Island): (historical or literary) 瓊州／琼州 (Qióngzhōu), 瓊崖／琼崖 (Qióngyá)

Coordinate terms

• 海東／海东 (Hǎidōng)
• 海西 (Hǎixī)
• 海北 (Hǎiběi)
• 南海 (Nánhǎi)

Derived terms

• 海南人 (Hǎinánrén)
• 海南地不容 (Hǎinán dìbùróng)
• 海南島 / 海南岛 (Hǎinán Dǎo)
• 海南話 / 海南话 (Hǎinánhuà)
• 海南雞飯 / 海南鸡饭 (Hǎinán jīfàn)
• 海南鳽 / 海南𫛚 (hǎinánjiān)
• 潮州粿條福建麵，海南咖啡廣府炒 / 潮州粿条福建面，海南咖啡广府炒 (Cháozhōu guǒtiáo Fújiàn miàn, Hǎinán kāfēi Guǎngfǔ chǎo)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (海南):

• → Japanese: 海南(かいなん) (Kainan)
• → Korean: 해남(海南) (Haenam)
• → Vietnamese: Hải Nam (海南)

Others:

• → English: Hainan, Hai-nan
• → Manchu: ᡥᠠᡳ
  ᠨᠠᠨ (hai nan)
• → Russian: Хайна́нь (Xajnánʹ)
• → Thai: ไหหลำ (hǎi-lǎm)
• → Zhuang: Haijnanz

References

• Duffus, William (1883), “Hainan”, in English-Chinese Vocabulary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Swatow, Swatow: English Presbyterian Mission Press, page 130

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
海	南
かい Grade: 2	なん Grade: 2
goon

Alternative spelling
海南 (kyūjitai)

Located at the southern part of 海草(かいそう)郡(ぐん) (kaisōgun, “Kaisō District, Wakayama”).

Proper noun

海(かい)南(なん) • (Kainan) 

1. Kainan (a city in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
海	南
ハイ Grade: 2	ナン Grade: 2
irregular

Alternative spelling
海南 (kyūjitai)

From Mandarin 海南 (Hǎinán)

Proper noun

海(ハイ)南(ナン) • (Hainan) 

1. Hainan (an island and province of China)
2. Hainan, Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (a Tibetan autonomous prefecture of Qinghai, China)
3. Hainan (a district of Wuhai, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
海	南
ヘ Grade: 2	ナム Grade: 2
irregular

Alternative spelling
海南 (kyūjitai)

Kanji in this term
海	南
かい Grade: 2	なん Grade: 2
goon

Alternative spelling
海南 (kyūjitai)

From Korean 해남 (Haenam)

Proper noun

海(かい)南(なん) or 海(ヘ)南(ナム) • (Kainan or Henamu) 

1. Haenam (a county of South Jeolla Province, South Korea)

See also

• 黄(こう)海(かい)南(なん)道(どう) (Kōkai Nandō)
• 海(かい)北(ほう) (Kaihō)

Korean

Hanja in this term
海	南

Proper noun

海南 • (haenam) (hangeul 해남)

1. hanja form^? of 해남 :
   1. Hainan (an island and province of China)
   2. Hainan, Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (a Tibetan autonomous prefecture of Qinghai, China)
   3. Hainan (a district of Wuhai, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)
   4. Haenam (a county of South Jeolla Province, South Korea)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
海	南

Proper noun

海南

1. chữ Hán form of Hải Nam:
   1. Hainan (an island and province of China)
   2. Hainan, Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (a Tibetan autonomous prefecture of Qinghai, China)
   3. Hainan (a district of Wuhai, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)