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An alveolar ejective fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨sʼ⟩.
| Alveolar ejective fricative | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| sʼ | |||
| IPA number | 132 401 | ||
| Audio sample | |||
| Encoding | |||
| Entity (decimal) | sʼ | ||
| Unicode (hex) | U+0073 U+02BC | ||
| X-SAMPA | s_> | ||
| |||
Features
editFeatures of an alveolar ejective fricative:
- Its manner of articulation is sibilant (a subclass of fricatives and affricates), which means it is generally produced with a higher-frequency turbulence. Sibilants may be articulated with various tongue shapes and degrees of palatalization, depending on their place of articulation.
- Its place of articulation is alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal.
- Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
- It is an oral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
- It is a median consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream down the midline of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
- The airstream mechanism is ejective (glottalic egressive), which means the air is forced out by pumping the glottis upward.
In many languages, it is allophonic with the affricate [ts'].[1]
Occurrence
edit| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adyghe | Shapsug[2] | сӏэ | ⓘ | 'name' | Corresponds to [tsʼ] in other dialects. |
| Amharic | ፀጉር/cegur | [sʼəgur] | 'hair' | More frequently realized as an affricate [t͡sʼ]. | |
| Ganza[3]: 101 | [sʼásʼà] | ‘fat, thick’ | |||
| Hausa[4] | tsutsa | [sʼusʼa] | 'worm' | Allophone of /tsʼ/ in some dialects | |
| Keres | Acoma[5]: 7–13 | s'eep'e | [sʼeːpʼe] | 'we bit it' | Contrasts with other ejective sibilants /ʃʼ/ and /ʂʼ/. |
| Lakota[citation needed] | s'a | [sʼa] | 'habitually' | ||
| Tlingit[6] | sʼeek | ⓘ | 'bear' | ||
| Upper Necaxa Totonac[7] | [ˈsʼa̰ta̰] | 'small' | |||
| Emberá-Catío[8] | [sʼokxo] | 'type of water jar' | |||
See also
editReferences
edit- ↑ Shosted, Ryan K.; Rose, Sharon (2011). "Affricating ejective fricatives: The case of Tigrinya". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 41 (1): 41–65. doi:10.1017/S0025100310000319. ISSN 0025-1003. JSTOR 44526590. S2CID 17186877.
- ↑ Kerasheva, Z. I. (1957). Особенности шапсугского диалекта адыгейского языка [Features of the Shapsug Dialect of the Adyghe Language] (in Russian). Maykop: Adyghe Book Publishing House.
- ↑ Smolders, Joshua (2016). "A Phonology of Ganza" (pdf). Linguistic Discovery. 14 (1): 86–144. doi:10.1349/PS1.1537-0852.A.470. Retrieved 16 January 2017.
- ↑ Jaggar, Philip J. (19 December 2001). Hausa. London Oriental and African Language Library. Vol. 7. John Benjamins. doi:10.1075/loall.7. ISBN 978-90-272-8304-7.
- ↑ Miller, Wick R. (1965). Acoma Grammar and Texts. University of California Press.
- ↑ Maddieson, Ian; Smith, Caroline L.; Bessell, Nicola (2001). "Aspects of the Phonetics of Tlingit". Anthropological Linguistics. 43 (2): 135–176. ISSN 0003-5483. JSTOR 30028779.
- ↑ Beck, David (1 January 2006). "The emergence of ejective fricatives in Upper Necaxa Totonac". University of Alberta Working Papers in Linguistics.
- ↑ Mortensen, Charles Arthur (1994). Nasalization in a revision of Embera-Katio phonology (masters thesis). Arlington: MA thesis, University of Texas.
External links
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