German

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Etymology

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From Middle High German slaf, from Old High German slaf, from Proto-Germanic *slap-, perhaps ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)leh₂b- (to be weak, limp, languid), see also Latin labō (fluctuate, waver).[1]

The same word of Low German origin is schlapp, a synonym in modern standard German.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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schlaff (strong nominative masculine singular schlaffer, comparative schlaffer, superlative am schlaffsten)

  1. (of things) slack, limp
    • 2025 October 26, Christian Althoff, “Toter Raser. Witwe überlässt Polizei VW zur Abschreckung”, in Westfalen-Blatt, number 249, published 27 October 2025, page WB02:
      Sie werfen einen Blick in ein Autowrack. Glassplitter liegen im Fußraum, und der schlaffe Airbag ist blutverschmiert.
      They take ganders into the crack wreck. Glass shards are lying inside the footwell, and the slack airbag is bloodstained.
  2. (of people) weak, weary

Usage notes

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Schlaff is the more common form referring to things; schlapp is the more common form referring to people.

Declension

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Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “slap”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute

Further reading

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  • schlaff”, in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache[1] (in German)
  • schlaff” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
  • schlaff” in Duden online