kalk

See also: Kalk

Albanian

Noun

kalk m

1. (linguistics) calque

Czech

Etymology

Etymology tree

Latin calx

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.

Proto-Italic *-ājō

Proto-Italic *-āō

Latin -ō

Latin calcāre

Italian calcarebor.

French calquerdeverb.

French calquebor.

Czech kalk

Borrowed from French calque (“a trace, copy”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkalk]

Noun

kalk m inan

1. (linguistics) calque

Declension

Declension of kalk (velar masculine inanimate)

	singular	plural
nominative	kalk	kalky
genitive	kalku	kalků
dative	kalku	kalkům
accusative	kalk	kalky
vocative	kalku	kalky
locative	kalku	kalcích
instrumental	kalkem	kalky

Further reading

• “kalk”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “kalk”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “kalk”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2026
• “kalk”, in Nový encyklopedický slovník češtiny (in Czech), 2012–2020

Danish

Etymology 1

From Latin calx.

Noun

kalk c (singular definite kalken, not used in plural form)

1. calcium carbonate
2. synonym of kalksten (“limestone”)
3. slaked lime, limewater (aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide)

   Synonym: læsket kalk (“hydrated lime”)

4. quicklime

   Synonym: brændt kalk (“burned lime”)

5. calcium

Declension

Declension of kalk

common gender	singular
	indefinite	definite
nominative	kalk	kalken
genitive	kalks	kalkens

Etymology 2

From Latin calix.

Noun

kalk c (singular definite kalken, plural indefinite kalke)

1. chalice

Declension

Declension of kalk

common gender	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	kalk	kalken	kalke	kalkene
genitive	kalks	kalkens	kalkes	kalkenes

Further reading

• “kalk” in Den Danske Ordbog
• “kalk,2” in Den Danske Ordbog

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɑlk/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: kalk
• Rhymes: -ɑlk

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch calc, from Old Dutch *kalk, from Proto-West Germanic *kalk.

Noun

kalk m (uncountable, no diminutive)

1. lime (mineral)

Derived terms

adjectives

• kalkachtig
• kalkarm
• kalkminnend

nouns

• bergkalk
• kalknagel
• kalkoven
• kalksteen
• mergelkalk

verbs

• kalken
• ontkalken
• verkalken

Descendants

• Afrikaans: kalk
• Negerhollands: kalk
  • → Virgin Islands Creole: kalk (dated)
• → Indonesian: kalk
• → Japanese: カルキ (karuki)
• → Papiamentu: karkó, kalki
• → Sranan Tongo: karki

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

kalk

1. inflection of kalken:
   1. first-person singular present indicative
   2. (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
   3. imperative

German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkalk/

• Audio (Germany (Berlin)):

  (file)

Verb

kalk

1. singular imperative of kalken

Icelandic

Etymology

From Latin calx, probably via Middle Low German.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkʰal̥k]
• Rhymes: -al̥k

Noun

kalk n (genitive singular kalks, no plural)

1. lime, quicklime (calcium oxide)
2. calcium (in food)

Declension

Declension of kalk (sg-only neuter)

	singular
	indefinite	definite
nominative	kalk	kalkið
accusative	kalk	kalkið
dative	kalki	kalkinu
genitive	kalks	kalksins

Synonyms

• (calcium): kalsín, kalsíum

Derived terms

• áburðarkalk
• brennt kalk (“burnt lime, calcium oxide”)
• kalk- (“calc-, calci-, calco-”)
• kalka (“calcify”)
• kalkað brjósk (“calcified cartilage”)
• kalkberandi (“calciferous, calcigerous”)
• kalkborinn (“calcareous”)
• kalkflagna- (“psamm-, psammo-”)
• kalkflögur (“psammoma bodies”)
• kalkhrörnun (“calcareous degeneration”)
• kalkhungur (“calcifames”)
• kalkipappír
• kalkkenndur (“calcareous”)
• kalkmiga (“calcariuria”)
• kalkmyndandi (“calciferous”)
• kalkmyndun (“calcification”)
• kalksteinn (“chalk, limestone”)
• kalkvatn (“limewater”)
• klórkalk (“bleaching powder, chloride of lime”)
• leskjað kalk (“slaked lime”)
• óleskjað kalk (“unslaked lime”)

Anagrams

• lakk

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch kalk, from Middle Dutch calc, from Old Dutch *kalk, from Latin calx.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkal(ə̆)ʔ]
• Hyphenation: kalk

Noun

kalk (plural kalk-kalk)

1. (mineralogy) lime

   Synonym: kapur

Further reading

• “kalk”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Kashubian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Latin calxbor.

Proto-West Germanic *kalk

Old High German kalk

Middle High German kalc

German Kalkbor.

Kashubian kalk

Borrowed from German Kalk.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkalk/
• Rhymes: -alk
• Syllabification: kalk

Noun

kalk m inan

1. lime (inorganic material containing calcium)

   Synonym: wapno

Declension

Declension of kalk

	singular	plural
nominative	kalk	kalczi
genitive	kalkù	kalków
dative	kalkòwi	kalkóm
accusative	kalk	kalczi
instrumental	kalkã	kalkama
locative	kalkù	kalkach
vocative	kalkù	kalczi

Further reading

• Stefan Ramułt (1993) [1893], “kalk”, in Jerzy Trepczyk, editor, Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), 3 edition
• Jan Trepczyk (1994), “wapno”, in Słownik polsko-kaszubski (in Kashubian), volumes 1–2
• Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011), “wapno”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎^[1]
• “kalk”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

Lithuanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [¹ˈkɑˑlk]
• Rhymes: -ɑˑlk
• Syllabification: kálk

Verb

kálk

1. second-person singular imperative of kalti

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From Latin calx, via Middle Low German or German Low German.

Noun

kalk m (definite singular kalken)

1. (mineralogy) lime

Related terms

• kalkstein

Etymology 2

From Latin calix and Old Norse kalkr; compare with German Kelch.

Noun

kalk m (definite singular kalken, indefinite plural kalker, definite plural kalkene)

1. a chalice

References

• “kalk” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɑlk/

Etymology 1

From Latin calx, via Middle Low German or German Low German.

Noun

kalk m (definite singular kalken)

1. (mineralogy) lime

Related terms

• kalkstein

Etymology 2

From Latin calix and Old Norse kalkr.

Noun

kalk m (definite singular kalken, indefinite plural kalkar, definite plural kalkane)

1. a chalice

References

• “kalk” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old High German

The spelling of this entry has been normalized from calc according to the principles established by Wiktionary's editor community or recent spelling standards of the language.

Alternative forms

• calc, calch, calck, chalc, chalch, chalh, kalck

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *kalk.

Noun

kalk m

1. lime (inorganic material containing calcium)
2. limestone (stone containing lime)

Declension

Declension of kalk (masculine a-stem)

case	singular	plural
nominative	kalk	kalkā, kalka
accusative	kalk	kalkā, kalka
genitive	kalkes	kalko
dative	kalke	kalkum
instrumental	kalku	—

Descendants

• Middle High German: kalc
  • Alemannic German: Chalch
  • Bavarian: Koich

    Cimbrian: khalch

    Hianzisch: Koli

    Tyrol Bavarian: Kchoich

  • Central Franconian: Kallek, Kallik

    Hunsrik: Kallik

  • East Central German:

    Erzgebirgisch: Kallich

    Silesian: Koilk

    Vilamovian: kiöelk

  • East Franconian: Kallich, Kollich
  • German: Kalk
  • Luxembourgish: Kallek
  • Rhine Franconian:

    Hessian: Kalch, Kalsch

    Palatine German: Kalk, Kalik

    Pennsylvania German: Kallick, Kalk

  • Yiddish: קאַלכ (kalkh)

Old Saxon

The spelling of this entry has been normalized from calc according to the principles established by Wiktionary's editor community or recent spelling standards of the language.

Alternative forms

• calc

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *kalk.

Noun

kalk m

1. lime (inorganic material containing calcium)
2. limestone (stone containing lime)

Declension

kalk (masculine a-stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	kalk	kalkos
accusative	kalk	kalkos
genitive	kalkes	kalkō
dative	kalke	kalkum
instrumental	—	—

Descendants

• Middle Low German: kalk, kallik
  • Low German: Kalk
  • Plautdietsch: Kaulkj
  • → Latvian: kaļķis
  • → Scandinavian:
    • Icelandic: kalk
    • Faroese: kálk
    • Norwegian:

      Norwegian Nynorsk: kalk

      Norwegian Bokmål: kalk

      • → Lule Sami: kálkka (or from Swedish)
      • → Southern Sami: kaalhke (or from Swedish)
    • Old Danish: kalk
      • Danish: kalk
    • Old Swedish: kalker
      • Swedish: kalk
        • → Finnish: kalkki
          • → Inari Sami: kalkkâ
          • → Skolt Sami: kalkk
        • → Northern Sami: kálka

Polish

Alternative forms

• kalek (nonstandard)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkalk/
• Rhymes: -alk
• Syllabification: kalk

Noun

kalk

1. genitive plural of kalka

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Borrowed from French calque.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kâlk/

Noun

kȁlk m inan (Cyrillic spelling ка̏лк)

1. calque

Declension

Declension of kalk

	singular	plural
nominative	kȁlk	kàlkovi
genitive	kalka	kàlkōvā
dative	kalku	kalkovima
accusative	kalk	kalkove
vocative	kalče	kalkovi
locative	kalku	kalkovima
instrumental	kalkom	kalkovima

Derived terms

• kalkírati

Swedish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kalk/
• Rhymes: -alk

Etymology 1

From Old Swedish kalker, from Middle Low German kalk, from Latin calx.

Noun

kalk c

1. (uncountable) limestone
2. (uncountable) lime, calcium oxide (kalciumoxid) or calcium hydroxide (kalciumhydroxid)

Declension

Declension of kalk

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	kalk	kalks
	definite	kalken	kalkens
plural	indefinite	—	—
	definite	—	—

Derived terms

• bränd kalk (“quicklime”)
• kalkbrott (“limestone quarry”)
• kalkfärg
• kalkljus (“limelight”)
• kalksten
• kalkvatten
• släckt kalk (“slaked lime”)

Related terms

• förkalkas
• förkalkning
• kalka

Descendants

• → Finnish: kalkki
  • → Inari Sami: kalkkâ
  • → Skolt Sami: kalkk
• → Northern Sami: kálka

See also

• kalcium

Etymology 2

From Old Swedish kalker, from Latin calix (“cup, chalice”).

Noun

kalk c

1. (countable) chalice, a large drinking cup
2. (countable, botany) a cup-shaped calyx

Declension

Declension of kalk

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	kalk	kalks
	definite	kalken	kalkens
plural	indefinite	kalkar	kalkars
	definite	kalkarna	kalkarnas

References

• “kalk”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish)
• “kalk”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
• “kalk”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)

Turkish

Verb

kalk

1. second-person singular imperative of kalkmak

Woiwurrung

Alternative forms

• galk (“stick”)
• galk (“firewood”)
• galk-galk (“stick”)
• gaam (“stick”)
• galk (“wood, tree, stick, bone”)

Etymology

Cognates

Cognate with Wathaurong kalk (“bone, wood, stick”), Guugu Yimidhirr kalka (“spear”), Madhi Madhi kalki (“bone, wood”), Ladji-Ladji kalki (“bone”), Wadi Wadi kalki (“bone”), Wemba-Wemba kalk (“bone”), Chaap Wuurong kalk (“wood, bone”), Djadjawurrung kalk (“wood, bone”), Daungwurrung kalk (“wood, bone”), Daungwurrung galk (“bone”).

Noun

kalk

1. wood
2. stick
   • "Woongana ngana kalk." - We will give you a stick.
3. tree
4. wood (a forest)
5. message stick
6. log
7. bone

Derived terms

• tharangalk (“sky”)
• tharangalk-bek (“the wooded country”)
• mungu kalk (“message stick”)
• wooree-kalk (“log”)
• y'boo kalk (“stick”)
• kalk-pirm (“sticks”)
• kalk-kalk-mirrin broong (“log”)
• brungergalk (“rotting logs”)
• galgi ngarrak (“backbone”)
• ter-ru-galk (“branch”)

See also

• nyilang (“bone”)
• bajerrang (“tree”)
• treang (“tree”)
• tharrang (“tree”)
• wirrip (“trunk”)

References

• Barry J. Blake, Woiwurrung, in The Aboriginal Language of Melbourne and Other Sketches (1991; edited by R. M. W. Dixon and Barry J. Blake; OUP, Handbook of Australian Languages 4), pages 31–124

Yir-Yoront

Noun

kalk (ergative kalkat)

1. (Yirrk-Thangalkl) spear

Further reading

• Languages of Cape York: papers presented to the linguistic symposium, part B, held in conjunction with the Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies Biennial General Meeting, May, 1974 (published 1976)