Cerianite-(Ce)
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Cerianite-(Ce)
Formula:
(Ce4+,Th)O2
Colour:
Dark green-amber
Crystal System:
Isometric
Member of:
Name:
Named simply cerianite in 1955 by A. R. Graham for the mineral's cerium content, by analogy with thorianite and uraninite. The suffix/modifier was added in 1987 to conform to the Levinson rule for species with essential REE.
The Ce analogue of uraninite and thorianite. The most simple Ce mineral known. Cerianite generally forms as an oxidation product of Ce3+-bearing minerals. Formation under hydrothermal oxidative conditions is rare.
One of three currently recognized minerals with tetravalent cerium, beside dyrnaesite-(La) and stetindite.
May be non-stoichiometric and bear some Ce(III) and vacancies.
One of three currently recognized minerals with tetravalent cerium, beside dyrnaesite-(La) and stetindite.
May be non-stoichiometric and bear some Ce(III) and vacancies.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
929
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:929:2
IMA Classification of Cerianite-(Ce)
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA status notes:
Renamed by the IMA
IMA Formula:
CeO2
First published:
1955
Classification of Cerianite-(Ce)
4.DL.05
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
L : With large (+- medium-sized) cations; fluorite-type structures
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
L : With large (+- medium-sized) cations; fluorite-type structures
4.4.12.1
4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
4 : AX2
4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
4 : AX2
7.7.2
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
7 : Oxides of Group III metals other than Al
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
7 : Oxides of Group III metals other than Al
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Cei-Ce | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Cerianite-(Ce)
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Dark green-amber
Chemistry of Cerianite-(Ce)
Mindat Formula:
(Ce4+,Th)O2
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Cerianite-(Ce)
Crystal System:
Isometric
Class (H-M):
m3m (4/m 3 2/m) - Hexoctahedral
Space Group:
Fm3m
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.42(1) Å
Unit Cell V:
159.22 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:
Octahedrons, tiny grains.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0011686 | Cerianite-(Ce) | Wyckoff R W G (1963) Second edition. Interscience Publishers, New York, New York Fluorite structure Crystal Structures 1 239-444 | 1963 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.124 Å | (100) |
| 2.706 Å | (29) |
| 1.913 Å | (51) |
| 1.632 Å | (44) |
| 1.241 Å | (15) |
| 1.1044 Å | (12) |
| 0.9146 Å | (13) |
Comments:
Similar to that of sphalerite.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks |
Type Occurrence of Cerianite-(Ce)
General Appearance of Type Material:
Octahedrons
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada, numbers M34491, M37257 (cotype).
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Carbonatite/nepheline syenite.
Synonyms of Cerianite-(Ce)
Other Language Names for Cerianite-(Ce)
Dutch:Cerianiet-(Ce)
German:Cerianit-(Ce)
Cerianit
Cerianit
Russian:Церианит-(Ce)
Simplified Chinese:方铈石
Spanish:Cerianita
Relationship of Cerianite-(Ce) to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Uraninite Group:
| Thorianite | ThO2 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m |
| Uraninite | UO2 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 13 photos of Cerianite-(Ce) associated with Bastnäsite-(Ce) | Ce(CO3)F |
| 10 photos of Cerianite-(Ce) associated with Monazite-(La) | La(PO4) |
| 8 photos of Cerianite-(Ce) associated with Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| 8 photos of Cerianite-(Ce) associated with Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| 4 photos of Cerianite-(Ce) associated with Rhabdophane-(La) | La(PO4) · H2O |
| 4 photos of Cerianite-(Ce) associated with Hollandite | Ba(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16 |
| 3 photos of Cerianite-(Ce) associated with Limonite | |
| 3 photos of Cerianite-(Ce) associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 3 photos of Cerianite-(Ce) associated with Lanthanite-(Nd) | Nd2(CO3)3 · 8H2O |
| 2 photos of Cerianite-(Ce) associated with Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 4.DL. | Xianhuaite-(Ce) | K2CeNb5O15 |
| 4.DL.05 | Uraninite | UO2 |
| 4.DL.05 | Aeschynite Group | AD2O6 |
| 4.DL.05 | Zirkelite | (Ti,Ca,Zr)O2-x |
| 4.DL.05 | Thorianite | ThO2 |
| 4.DL.10 | Tazheranite | (Zr,Ti,Ca)(O,◻)2 |
| 4.DL.10 | Hiärneite | Ca2Zr4Mn3+SbTiO16 |
| 4.DL.10 | Calzirtite | Ca2Zr5Ti2O16 |
| 4.DL.15 | Vorlanite | Ca(U6+)O4 |
Other Information
Notes:
Radioactive.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Cerianite-(Ce)
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-929.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
References for Cerianite-(Ce)
Reference List:
Graham, A. R. (1955) Cerianite, CeO2: a new rare-earth oxide mineral. American Mineralogist, 40 (7-8) 560-564
Keramidas, Vassilis G., White, William B. (1973) Raman spectra of oxides with the fluorite structure. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 59 (3) 1561-1562 doi:10.1063/1.1680227
Nickel, Ernest H., Mandarino, Joseph A. (1987) Procedures involving the IMA Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names and guidelines on mineral nomenclature. American Mineralogist, 72 (9-10) 1031-1042
Weber, W. H., Hass, K. C., McBride, J. R. (1993) Raman study of CeO2: Second-order scattering, lattice dynamics, and particle-size effects. Physical Review B, 48 (1) American Physical Society (APS) 178-185 doi:10.1103/physrevb.48.178
Zaitsev, A. N., Chakhmouradian, A. R., Siidra, O. I., Spratt, J., Williams, C. T., Stanley, C. J., Petrov, S. V., Britvin, S. N., Polyakova, E. A. (2011) Fluorine-, yttrium- and lanthanide-rich cerianite-(Ce) from carbonatitic rocks of the Kerimasi volcano and surrounding explosion craters, Gregory Rift, northern Tanzania. Mineralogical Magazine, 75 (6) 2813-2822 doi:10.1180/minmag.2011.075.6.2813
Chakrabarty, A., Mitchell, R. H., Ren, M., Sen, A. K., Pruseth, K. L. (2013) Rinkite, cerianite-(Ce), and hingganite-(Ce) in syenite gneisses from the Sushina Hill Complex, India: occurrence, compositional data and petrogenetic significance. Mineralogical Magazine, 77 (8) 3137-3153 doi:10.1180/minmag.2013.077.8.08
Zhukova, Irina A., Stepanov, Aleksandr S., Malyutina, Alexandra, Doroshkevich, Anna G., Korsakov, Andrey V., Jiang, Shao‐Yong, Bakovets, Vladimir V., Pomelova, Tatyana A., Nigmatulina, Elena N. (2023) Raman spectroscopic study of non‐stoichiometry in cerianite from critical zone. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 54 (11) 1191-1200 doi:10.1002/jrs.6557
Localities for Cerianite-(Ce)
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Angola | |
| Beleque (2010) |
Argentina | |
| COLOMBO +2 other references |
| Lira et al. (Ed. E.O. Zappettini) |
Australia | |
| Bernie & Margaret Day collection |
| Ex Bernie and Margaret Day Collection | |
| Munro-Smith (2006) |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analythical data of ... |
| PA Wulser personal data |
| Knorsch et al. (2025) |
| Dunkan et al. (1990) +5 other references |
| Salama et al. (2025) |
| Salama et al. (2025) | |
| Le Gleuher M. (2008) |
Austria | |
| Kolitsch (2017) |
| Kolitsch (2023) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2023) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2013) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2015) +1 other reference |
| Kolitsch et al. (2025) | |
| Kolitsch et al. (2021) |
| Kolitsch (2017) |
| Kolitsch (2014) |
Bolivia | |
| Salomon Rivas and Federico Ahlfeld: Los Minerales de Bolivia y sus Parajes (Santa Cruz, 1998) +1 other reference |
Brazil | |
| Bento et al. (2022) |
| Neumann et al. (2015) |
| Nascimento et al. (2019) | |
| Cabral et al. (2024) |
| Baretto & Fujimori (1986) +1 other reference |
| Gomes et al. (2023) | |
| Proceedings 30th Intl Geol Cong Vol 16 ... |
Burundi | |
| Thoreau et al. (1958) +7 other references |
Canada | |
| Pan et al. (2000) |
| Sheard et al. (2012) |
| Pinckston et al. (1995) +1 other reference |
| Pe-Piper +1 other reference |
| SAGE (1981) |
| Reiner Mielke 2011 |
| Graham (1955) |
Chile | |
| analysed by Gerhard Möhn and Joy Desor |
China | |
| Fu et al. (2024) |
| Orris et al. (2002) |
| Liu et al. (2025) |
| Huixin Jin et al. (2007) |
| Zhang Peishan et al. (1996) |
| Yi-Li et al. (2023) |
| Zhang Peishan et al. (1996) | |
| Shi et al. (2024) |
| Xie et al. (2024) |
| Yang et al. (2006) |
| Zhang Peishan et al. (1996) +2 other references |
Czech Republic | |
| Dolníček et al. (2023) |
| Matýsek et al. (2025) |
| Matýsek D. (2013) |
Egypt | |
| Mahmoud et al. (2018) |
Finland | |
| Ilkka Mikkola collection |
| Lahti et al. (1988) |
Germany | |
| 70. +1 other reference |
| Habel (2007) |
| Schnorrer (1995) +1 other reference |
| Blass |
| Blaß et al. (2001) |
| Hentschel (1982) |
Greece | |
| Rieck et al. (2022) |
Hungary | |
| Szakáll & Gatter: Hun. Min. Spec. |
India | |
| Bhushan (2015) +1 other reference |
| Rao et al. (1978) |
| Baidya et al. (2) +1 other reference |
| Chakrabarty et al. (2013) | |
Italy | |
| Frank K. Mazdab collection (see https://www.rockptx.com/fkm-151-to-fkm-175/#FKM-171 for normalized analysis) +1 other reference |
| Biffi P. et al. (Varese) |
| Biffi P. et al. (2004) |
| Gentile et al. (2023) | |
| Guastoni (2009) |
| Cuchet et al. (2023) +1 other reference |
| Cuchet et al. (2023) +1 other reference | |
| Cuchet et al. (2023) +1 other reference | |
| Rivista Mineralogica Italiana |
Jordan | |
| Khoury et al. (2016) |
| Sokol +9 other references | |
Kazakhstan | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Am.Min.79 (1994) | |
Madagascar | |
| Berger et al. (2014) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Hatzl (2010) |
Malawi | |
| Guastoni et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
Mexico | |
| Mineralogical Society of America - ... |
Mongolia | |
| Kynický et al. (2005) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
Mozambique | |
| Slobodník +4 other references |
Namibia | |
| Orris et al. (2002) |
New Zealand | |
| Railton et al. (1990) |
Nigeria | |
| Styles et al. (1983) |
Norway | |
| Collection of Iveland Municipality # ... +1 other reference |
| Frigstad (1999) | |
| Frigstad (1999) | |
| Neumann et al. (1963) |
| Neumann (1985) |
| Husdal (2023) |
| Raade (1972) +3 other references |
| Bergstøl et al. (1977) |
| Larsen et al. (2020) |
Pacific Ocean | |
| Peretyazhko et al. (2025) |
| Peretyazhko et al. (2025) | |
| Volokhina et al. (2020) +1 other reference |
Paraguay | |
| Woolley (1987) |
Poland | |
| Cegiełka et al. (2018) |
| Matyszczak (2018) |
| Matyszczak (2018) |
| Matyszczak (2018) | |
| Kozłowski et al. (2016) | |
| Naglik et al. (2021) |
Portugal | |
| Alves (n.d.) |
Russia | |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2013) |
| Kasatkin et al. (2020) |
| Kosantin's data |
| USGS Professional Paper 1765 |
| Silyanov et al. (2021) |
| Filimonova et al. (2006) +1 other reference |
| ... |
| V.V. Seredin data |
| Okrugin et al. (2023) |
| Sharygin et al. (2014) |
Slovakia | |
| Konečný et al. (2011) |
| Ondrejka M. et al. (Western Carpathians, Slovakia) |
South Africa | |
| Atanasova et al. (2016) |
| Horiuchi et al. (2014) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
South Korea | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
Spain | |
| Ковальчук et al. (2014) |
| Dill et al. (2023) | |
| Abella i Creus (2018) |
Sweden | |
| Aksel Österlöf collection and NR ... |
| Xray Uppsala Univ. | |
| Öhman et al. (2005) +2 other references |
| Andersson et al. (2024) | |
Switzerland | |
| Cuchet et al. (2023) |
| Cuchet et al. (2023) |
| Cuchet et al. (2014) | |
| Meisser (2012) |
Tanzania | |
| Zaitsev et al. (2011) |
| Harmer et al. (2016) |
Turkey | |
| Deady et al. (2019) |
Ukraine | |
| Dudar +1 other reference |
USA | |
| Philpotts et al. (1998) |
| Färber (n.d.) |
| Margerum (2003) |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data |
| Müller et al. (2011) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Rocks & Minerals Vol.65 No.4 +1 other reference |
| Anthony et al. (2016) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| ... | |
| O'Neill (2014) +2 other references |
| Hawthorne et al. (2006) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Rocks & Min.:60:165. |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Buchholz et al. (2017) |
| Van Rythoven et al. (2020) |
| Van Rythoven et al. (2020) +1 other reference | |
| Van Rythoven et al. (2020) | |
| Andersen et al. (2017) | |
| M. Moore (2010) +1 other reference | |
Vietnam | |
| Ishihara et al. (2010) |
Zambia | |
| Harmer et al. (2016) |
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Clara Mine, Oberwolfach, Ortenaukreis, Freiburg Region, Baden-Württemberg, Germany