Boulangerite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Boulangerite
Formula:
Pb5Sb4S11
Colour:
Lead grey
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
2½ - 3
Specific Gravity:
6.2
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named in 1837 by Moritz Christian Julius Thaulow in honor of Charles Louis Boulanger (6 May 1810 - 6 October 1849), a French mining engineer. Boulanger first analyzed his namesake species calling it "plomb antimonie sulfure" in 1835. He also translated Leopold von Buch's famous book, "Description physique des Iles Canaries, suivie dʾune indication des principaux volcans du globe", which was a contributing factor in the decline of the Wernerian or Neptunian theory of the origin of the Earth.
Type Locality:
Easily confused with jamesonite.
Homeotype of lopatkaite.
May occur in intergrowths with jamesonite and meneghinite.
Boulangerite has an OD structure with the following MDO polytypes (Ventruti et al., 2012):
- MDO1 with space group P121/a1 and unit-cell parameters a1 ≈ 21.61, b1 ≈ 23.54, c1 ≈ 8.05 Å, β1 ≈ 100.7°
- MDO2 with space group P21/n11 and unit-cell parameters a2 ≈ 21.24, b2 ≈ 23.54, c2 ≈ 8.05 Å, α2 ≈ 90°
Schultz et al. (2017) explain the many contradictory structure models of boulangerite (both natural and synthetic) and the related mineral falkmanite by a phase transition between a low‐temperature (LT) modification (P21/c, a ≈ 8.07 Å, b ≈ 23.5 Å, c ≈ 21.6 Å, β ≈ 100.7°) and a disordered high‐temperature (HT) modification [Pnma, a = 23.530(2) Å; b = 4.0385(8) Å and c = 21.273(2) Å, with cation disorder] that occurs above ca. 350–400 °C.
There are interconnected SbS3 groups in the structure as, e.g., in jamesonite, robinsonite, and zinkenite.
Homeotype of lopatkaite.
May occur in intergrowths with jamesonite and meneghinite.
Boulangerite has an OD structure with the following MDO polytypes (Ventruti et al., 2012):
- MDO1 with space group P121/a1 and unit-cell parameters a1 ≈ 21.61, b1 ≈ 23.54, c1 ≈ 8.05 Å, β1 ≈ 100.7°
- MDO2 with space group P21/n11 and unit-cell parameters a2 ≈ 21.24, b2 ≈ 23.54, c2 ≈ 8.05 Å, α2 ≈ 90°
Schultz et al. (2017) explain the many contradictory structure models of boulangerite (both natural and synthetic) and the related mineral falkmanite by a phase transition between a low‐temperature (LT) modification (P21/c, a ≈ 8.07 Å, b ≈ 23.5 Å, c ≈ 21.6 Å, β ≈ 100.7°) and a disordered high‐temperature (HT) modification [Pnma, a = 23.530(2) Å; b = 4.0385(8) Å and c = 21.273(2) Å, with cation disorder] that occurs above ca. 350–400 °C.
There are interconnected SbS3 groups in the structure as, e.g., in jamesonite, robinsonite, and zinkenite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
738
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:738:2
IMA Classification of Boulangerite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Classification of Boulangerite
2.HC.15
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
H : Sulfosalts of SnS archetype
C : With only Pb
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
H : Sulfosalts of SnS archetype
C : With only Pb
3.5.2.1
3 : SULFOSALTS
5 : 2.5 < ø < 3
3 : SULFOSALTS
5 : 2.5 < ø < 3
5.6.15
5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
6 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Pb alone
5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
6 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Pb alone
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Bou | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Bou | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Boulangerite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Comment:
sometimes silky
Colour:
Lead grey
Streak:
Brownish
Hardness:
2½ - 3 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
Distinct on {100}
Distinct on {100}
Comment:
Flexible in thin crystals
Density:
6.2 g/cm3 (Measured) 6.21 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Boulangerite
Anisotropism:
Distinct
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 (%) | R2 (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 400nm | 40.5% | 44.0% |
| 420nm | 40.0% | 43.7% |
| 440nm | 39.5% | 43.5% |
| 460nm | 39.0% | 43.2% |
| 480nm | 38.6% | 43.0% |
| 500nm | 38.2% | 42.7% |
| 520nm | 37.9% | 42.4% |
| 540nm | 37.6% | 42.0% |
| 560nm | 37.2% | 41.6% |
| 580nm | 36.8% | 41.1% |
| 600nm | 36.3% | 40.3% |
| 620nm | 35.8% | 39.6% |
| 640nm | 35.4% | 38.8% |
| 660nm | 35.0% | 38.0% |
| 680nm | 34.6% | 37.3% |
| 700nm | 34.1% | 36.6% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 44.0%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Pleochroism:
Weak
Chemistry of Boulangerite
Mindat Formula:
Pb5Sb4S11
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Cu,Zn,Sn,Fe
Crystallography of Boulangerite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/b
Setting:
P21/a
Cell Parameters:
a = 21.56 Å, b = 23.51 Å, c = 8.09 Å
β = 100.8°
β = 100.8°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.917 : 1 : 0.344
Unit Cell V:
4,027.99 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
8
Morphology:
Needle-like crystals, rarely rings, fibrous, compact masses.
Comment:
Strong subcell is orthorhombic, with halved c.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0000096 | Boulangerite | Born L, Hellner E (1960) A structural proposal for boulangerite American Mineralogist 45 1266-1271 |  | 1960 | Pribram, Bohemia | 0 | 293 |
| 0019191 | Boulangerite | Ventruti G, Stasi F, Pinto D, Vurro F, Renna M (2012) The plumose boulangerite from Bottino, Apuan Alps, Italy: Crystal structure, OD character and twinning The Canadian Mineralogist 50 181-199 | 2012 | Bottino mine, Apuan Alps, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
| 0019740 | Boulangerite | Kaden R, Wagner G, Bente K (2012) Crystal chemistry and electrical conductivity of boulangerite, dadsonite and iodine-substituted pillaite grown by chemical vapor transport The Canadian Mineralogist 50 219-233 | 2012 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
| 0010118 | Boulangerite | Skowron A, Brown I D (1990) Refinement of the structure of boulangerite, Pb5Sb4S11 Acta Crystallographica C46 531-534 |  | 1990 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
| 0018398 | Boulangerite | Bente K, Meier-Salimi M (1991) Substitution experiments and structure investigations on Ag-Tl-bearing boulangerites - a contribution to the rayite problem Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Abhandlungen 163 212-216 | 1991 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Loading XRD data...
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.910 Å | (23) |
| 3.725 Å | (100) |
| 3.216 Å | (41) |
| 3.023 Å | (32) |
| 3.009 Å | (21) |
| 2.823 Å | (42) |
| 2.812 Å | (31) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) |
Geological Setting:
Low to moderate temperature hydrothermal veins.
Type Occurrence of Boulangerite
Synonyms of Boulangerite
Other Language Names for Boulangerite
Catalan:Boulangerita
Czech:Boulangerit
Dutch:Boulangeriet
German:Boulangerit
Antimonbleiblende
Bolidenit
Embrithit
Epiboulangerit
Mullanit
Orlandinit
Plumbostibit
Schwefelantimonblei
Yenerit
Antimonbleiblende
Bolidenit
Embrithit
Epiboulangerit
Mullanit
Orlandinit
Plumbostibit
Schwefelantimonblei
Yenerit
Italian:Boulangerite
Russian:Буланжерит
Serbian:Боланжерит
Slovak:Boulangerit
Ukrainian:Буланжерит
Varieties of Boulangerite
| Copper-bearing Boulangerite | Cuprian variety of Boulangerite. Originally reported from Transbaikalia (Zabaykalye), Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia. Compare meneghinite which may occur in intimate intergrowths with boulangerite. |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 549 photos of Boulangerite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 371 photos of Boulangerite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 160 photos of Boulangerite associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
| 138 photos of Boulangerite associated with Siderite | FeCO3 |
| 131 photos of Boulangerite associated with Sphalerite | ZnS |
| 117 photos of Boulangerite associated with Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| 113 photos of Boulangerite associated with Galena | PbS |
| 105 photos of Boulangerite associated with Fluorite | CaF2 |
| 97 photos of Boulangerite associated with Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
| 69 photos of Boulangerite associated with Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 2.HC. | Bernarlottiite | Pb6(As5Sb3)S18 |
| 2.HC. | Huntingdonite | Pb19Sb16As6S51Cl2 |
| 2.HC. | Moiraite | Pb12Sb8As8S36 |
| 2.HC.05f | Parapierrotite | TlSb5S8 |
| 2.HC.05g | Marumoite | Pb32As40S92 |
| 2.HC.05b | Baumhauerite II | |
| 2.HC.05d | Rathite | Ag2Pb12-xTlx/2As18+x/2S40 |
| 2.HC.05e | Heptasartorite | Tl7Pb22As55S108 |
| 2.HC.05d | Dufrénoysite | Pb2As2S5 |
| 2.HC.05e | Hendekasartorite | Tl2Pb48As82S172 |
| 2.HC.05b | Argentobaumhauerite | Ag1.5Pb22As33.5S72 |
| 2.HC.05c | Argentoliveingite | Ag3+xPb36-2xAs51+xS112 |
| 2.HC.05b | Baumhauerite | Pb12As16S36 |
| 2.HC.05d | Veenite | Pb16Sb9-xAs7+xS40, x ~ 0-0.5 |
| 2.HC.05e | Dekatriasartorite | TlPb58As97S204 |
| 2.HC.05a | Hyršlite | Pb8As10Sb6S32 |
| 2.HC.05e | Incomsartorite | Tl6Pb144As246S516 |
| 2.HC.05c | Liveingite | Pb9As13S28 |
| 2.HC.05c | Johnjamborite | Pb14Sb8.5As7.5S38 |
| 2.HC.05f | Pierrotite | Tl2(Sb,As)10S16 |
| 2.HC.05d | Rathite-IV | PbAs2S4 |
| 2.HC.05d | Argentodufrénoysite | Ag3Pb26As35S80 |
| 2.HC.05e | Écrinsite | AgTl3Pb4As11Sb9S36 |
| 2.HC.05a | Sartorite | PbAs2S4 |
| 2.HC.05a | Twinnite | Pb0.8Tl0.1Sb1.3As0.8S4 |
| 2.HC.05f | Philrothite | TlAs3S5 |
| 2.HC.05h | Polloneite | AgPb46As26Sb23S120 |
| 2.HC.05a | Guettardite | Pb8(Sb0.56As0.44)16S32 |
| 2.HC.10a | Fülöppite | Pb3Sb8S15 |
| 2.HC.10d | Semseyite | Pb9Sb8S21 |
| 2.HC.10d | Rayite | Pb8(Ag,Tl)2Sb8S21 |
| 2.HC.10c | Heteromorphite | Pb7Sb8S19 |
| 2.HC.10b | Plagionite | Pb5Sb8S17 |
| 2.HC.15 | Falkmanite | Pb3Sb2S6 |
| 2.HC.20 | Robinsonite | Pb4Sb6S13 |
| 2.HC.25 | Moëloite | Pb6Sb6S14(S3) |
| 2.HC.30 | Dadsonite | Pb23Sb25S60Cl |
| 2.HC.35 | Zoubekite | AgPb4Sb4S10 |
| 2.HC.35 | Proto-owyheeite | Ag9Pb40Sb45S112 |
| 2.HC.35 | Owyheeite | Ag3Pb10Sb11S28 |
| 2.HC.40 | Parasterryite | Ag4Pb20Sb14As10S58 |
| 2.HC.50 | Lopatkaite | Pb5Sb3AsS11 |
Other Information
Notes:
Raman bands connected with stretching and bending of the SbS3 groups are between 375 and 175 cm-1
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Boulangerite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-738.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
References for Boulangerite
Reference List:
Robinson, S. C. (1948) The identity of falkmanite and yenerite with boulangerite. American Mineralogist, 33 (11-12) 716-723
Born, L., Hellner, E. (1960) A structural proposal for boulangerite. American Mineralogist, 45 (11-12) 1266-1271
Dornberger-Schiff, K., & Hohne, E. (1962) Zur Symmetrie des Boulangerites. Chem. d. Erde, 22: 78-82.
Ramdohr, Paul (1969) The Ore Minerals and their Intergrowths. Pergamon Press, Oxford. 1174pp. doi:10.1016/c2013-0-10027-x
Criddle, A. J., Stanley, C. J. (1993) Data file. In Quantitative Data File for Ore Minerals. Springer Netherlands. p.1-635. doi:10.1007/978-94-011-1486-8_1p.55
Kaden, R., Wagner, G., Bente, K. (2012) Crystal chemistry and electrical conductivity of boulangerite, dadsonite and iodine-substituted pillaite grown by chemical vapor transport. The Canadian Mineralogist, 50 (2) 219-233 doi:10.3749/canmin.50.2.219
Ventruti, G., Stasi, F., Pinto, D., Vurro, F., Renna, M. (2012) The plumose boulangerite from Bottino, Apuan Alps, Italy: Crystal structure, OD character and twinning. The Canadian Mineralogist, 50 (2). 181-199 doi:10.3749/canmin.50.2.181
Localities for Boulangerite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Afghanistan | |
| Orris et al. (2002) |
| Orris et al. (2002) |
Algeria | |
| Louha +5 other references |
Argentina | |
| Brodtkorb (2002) +1 other reference |
| MARQUEZ-ZAVALIA | |
| Sureda (1978) |
| sigam.segemar.gov.ar (n.d.) | |
| ... | |
| Econ Geol (1992) +2 other references |
| Mercado et al. (2025) |
| Coira et al. (1995) +1 other reference | |
| Slater (2016) | |
| Brodtkorb (2002) |
| Zappettini et al. (2014) +1 other reference |
| Carrasquero et al. (2013) | |
| Mugas Lobos et al. (2011) +1 other reference |
| ROBL +1 other reference |
| Brodtkorb (2002) | |
| ROBL +1 other reference | |
| Brodtkorb (2002) |
Armenia | |
| Harris et al. (1973) +1 other reference |
| Kukulyan (1983) +1 other reference |
Atlantic Ocean | |
| Firstova et al. (2016) |
Australia | |
| Gilligan et al. (1993) |
| Henley et al. (2001) |
| Ramdohr (1950) +3 other references |
| Fleminig +1 other reference |
| England et al. (1988) |
| Knights |
| Sielecki (1988) | |
| Sielecki (1988) | |
| Xu (1997) +1 other reference |
| Davis et al. (1998) |
| SA Geodata Database - Mineral Deposit ... |
| Paul Stahl collection |
| Nenke (1972) +1 other reference |
| Ramsden et al. (1990) |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| Groves +1 other reference |
| Bottrill +1 other reference | |
| Groves +1 other reference | |
| Sorrell (n.d.) | |
| Singer et al. (2009) |
| Zaw et al. (1997) |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| Hajitaheri (1985) |
| Hajitaheri (1985) | |
| |
| Ralph Bottrill collection |
| Blisset (1962) |
| Gulson et al. (1987) | |
| Simon Hitchman (2013) |
| |
| Bussat (1980) |
| Bussat (1980) |
| Bussat (1980) |
| Ferguson (1999) |
| Ferguson (1999) | |
| Ferguson (1999) |
| Ferguson (1999) | |
| I. R. Mulholland et al. (1998) +3 other references |
| Mueller et al. (2013) | |
Austria | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| A.Pichler (2012) |
| C.Auer (2017) |
| Blaß et al. (2002) |
| Blaß et al. (2002) | |
| Blaß et al. (2002) |
| C.Auer (2017) |
| G.Indra 1997 | |
| H. Meixner: 32 (3) |
| Puttner (1987) | |
| Niedemayr et al. (1999) +2 other references | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Puttner (1994) | |
| www.indra-g.at (2016) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Pichler (2009) |
| Pichler (2009) |
| Uwe Kolitsch (SXRD analysis of specimen labeled "jamesonite") +2 other references |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| G. Niedermayr: Carinthia II 191./111.:97-102 (2001) |
| Weißensteiner et al. (2013) |
| Huber et al. (1984) +4 other references |
| Huber et al. (1977) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Schachinger et al. (2014) |
| Feitzinger et al. (1988) +1 other reference |
| Strasser (2010) |
| Schachinger et al. (2014) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Friedrich (1969) +2 other references | |
| Schachinger et al. (2013) |
| Postl et al. (1997) |
| Auer (2020) |
| Auer (2023) |
| Gerald Gesselbauer (2010) |
| Postl (2013) |
| Taucher (1993) |
| Schachinger et al. (2014) |
| Fuchs (1988) |
| Brandmaier et al. (1985) |
| Friedrich (1933) +1 other reference |
| Archiv f.Lagerstättenforschung +1 other reference | |
| Schachinger et al. (2017) |
| Pichler (2003) |
| Aufschluss 1972 (SB) |
| Exel (1993) |
| Jakely (2008) |
| Bojar et al. (1998) +1 other reference | |
| Kolitsch (2016) |
| Kolitsch (2017) |
| Kolitsch (2014) |
| Vohryzka (1968) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2020) |
| Grundmann et al. (1971) |
| Meixner (1956) +1 other reference |
Azerbaijan | |
| - (2005) +1 other reference |
| Hovakimyan et al. (2019) |
Bolivia | |
| Ing. Mateo Vlahovic observations. |
| Federico Ahlfeld & Alejandro Schneider-Scherbina (1964) |
| Dr Günter Grundmann specimens and ... |
| Kempff et al. (La Paz, 2009) |
| Salomon Rivas y Federico Ahlfeld (1998) |
| USGS Bulletin # 1975 +1 other reference |
| Wilson (2001) | |
| Moricz et al. (2009) | |
| Wilson (2001) +3 other references | |
| Dr. Fritz Berndt collection (Dr. Frank Keutsch analysis, february 2010) |
| Cacho et al. (2019) |
| Federico Ahlfeld and Alejandro Schneider-Scherbina (1964) | |
| Federico Ahlfeld and Alejandro Schneider-Scherbina (1964) | |
| Franco (2018) | |
| Jiménez-Franco et al. (2018) | |
| Jiménez-Franco et al. (2018) | |
| Jiménez-Franco et al. (2018) | |
| Kempff et al. (La Paz, 2009) |
| Ahlfeld et al. (1964) |
| www.newpacificmetals.com (n.d.) |
| Ing. Mateo Vlahovic specimen |
| Petrov et al. (2006) |
| Cazorla Martínez et al. (2019) |
| Torró et al. (2019) | |
| Kempff et al. (La Paz, 2009) | |
| Torró et al. (2019) | |
| Geology and Mineral Resources of the Altiplano and Cordillera Occidental (USGS Bulletin no. 1975) |
| Salomon Rivas y Federico Ahlfeld (1998) | |
| Ahlfeld et al. (1964) |
| Ahlfeld et al. (1955) | |
| USGS Bulletin # 1975 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | |
| Ljudevit Barić +1 other reference |
| Ljudevit Barić | |
| Ljudevit Barić |
| Radosavljević et al. (2016) |
| Radosavljevic et al. (2005) | |
Brazil | |
| de Oliveira et al. (2008) |
Bulgaria | |
| Kostov et al : Minerals of Bulgaria (1964) +1 other reference |
| www.bgd.bg (n.d.) +1 other reference |
Canada | |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
| Dana 7:I:203. +2 other references |
| Thompson (1951) |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
| GJ Simandl (1991) +1 other reference |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
| Macdonald et al. (1996) +3 other references |
| Peatfield (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Thompson (1954) |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
| R.O. Meyer collection |
| - (n.d.) |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
| Scott (1971) |
| Hood et al. (1991) |
| Ray et al. (2002) | |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
| Peatfield (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Mauthner et al. (1996) |
| Peatfield (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Peatfield (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Harris et al. (1968) | |
| Peatfield (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
| Woodside et al. (2000) |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
| Healy et al. (1990) |
| Samson I M et al. (1999) |
| "Geology of New Brunswick: field guide ... |
| Sabina (1967) | |
| Larry Pilgrim (2009) +2 other references |
| Government of the Northwest Territories’ Northwest Territories Geological Survey (2016) |
| Coleman (1953) | |
| RIDLAND (1941) | |
| Coleman (1953) | |
| RIDLAND (1941) | |
| Welt (2020) |
| Kontak et al. (1996) |
| Harris et al. (1984) |
| Econ Geol (1989) |
| Econ Geol (1989) | |
| Sabina (1987) | |
| Econ Geol (1989) +1 other reference | |
| [MinRec 13:111 +2 other references |
| Jambor (1967) +1 other reference | |
| Rocks & Minerals 79:2 pp94-99 |
| Ann P.Sabina (1991) |
| Geoffrey Khalil Abdallah (1990) |
| Mineralogical Magazine 1988 52 : 691-697 +1 other reference |
| Sabina (1991) | |
| Patterson (1984) | |
| Kennedy (2012) |
| Dawson Creek +1 other reference |
| Boyle (1965) | |
| Stöger et al. (2023) |
| Personal Collection | |
| Dawson Creek +1 other reference | |
| Peatfield (n.d.) | |
| Lee et al. (2022) +1 other reference |
Chile | |
| Zentilli (2018) |
| Cecioni et al. (2000) | |
| Becerra et al. (2022) |
| Darío Chinchilla et al. (2016) |
China | |
| Huihuang Zhang et al. (2002) |
| Shide Zhou and Zhufan Liu (1982) |
| Jiangguo Yang et al. (2010) |
| Songnian Yang et al. (1985) +2 other references |
| Can. J. Earth Sci. 44: 479–492 (2007) | |
| Jianglong Li et al. (2012) |
| Wang et al. (2025) |
| Shisong Yuan et al. (2006) +2 other references |
| Yuegao Liu et al. (2011) +1 other reference |
| Lijing Yang et al. (2004) |
| Gongsheng Yan (1987) |
| Genwen Chen et al. (2008) |
| Liangqi Lei et al. (2002) |
| Liangqi Lei et al. (2002) | |
| Liangqi Lei et al. (2002) +1 other reference | |
| Liangqi Lei et al. (2002) |
| Liangqi Lei et al. (2002) |
| Liangqi Lei et al. (2002) | |
| Hongchang Li et al. (1987) |
| Laiyong Qin et al. (2007) |
| Jing et al. (2018) | |
| Renke Li (1993) |
| HMZ Metals Inc. (2003) | |
| Bingjie Wei et al. (1986) | |
| Renke Li (1993) | |
| Gao et al. (2018) |
| Broili et al. (2010) |
| Mengxiang Zhou (2006) |
| Li et al. (2023) |
| Heo et al. (2001) | |
| Heo et al. (2001) +1 other reference | |
| Liu et al. (2017) | |
| Youxun Liu et al. (2003) |
| Yi Li and Youbin Liang (1991) |
| Bosheng Zhou et al. (2002) +4 other references |
| Shiqian Li et al. (2005) |
| Yuanfeng Guo (1994) |
| Xuexiang Gu et al. (2003) +1 other reference |
| Zhang Guoxin (1996) |
| Li et al. (2019) |
| Hongchang Li et al. (1987) |
| Zhenxiang Bao et al. (1999) |
| Hongchang Li et al. (1987) |
| Jianhong Zheng et al. (2009) |
| Shoufu Wu (1983) |
| Fengyue Sun and Li Wang (2008) +3 other references |
| Liu et al. (2024) |
| Nicholas Rondilone Collection | |
| Song et al. (2019) |
| Yang et al. (2022) |
| Ji et al. (2022) |
| Zhengping Hao (1988) |
| Hongchang Li et al. (1987) |
| Yong Li et al. (2010) |
| Xianli Liu and Ying Jiang (1998) |
| Kai Zhang and Yongdong Shi (2000) |
| Xinyou Zhu et al. (2006) |
| Baohua Li et al. (2006) |
| Dengmei Yang et al. (2013) +1 other reference |
| Tianwei Guo and Zhongwen Han (1990) +1 other reference |
| Yang Shihui et al. (1991) | |
| Dianhao Huang and Shihua Hu (2000) +4 other references |
| Song Ye et al. (2001) |
| www.cicresources.com (2006) |
| Meng et al. (2025) |
| Xiaoping Fan et al. (2005) |
| Jianfang Zhang et al. (2010) +6 other references |
| Sun et al. (2023) |
| Jiaxin Teng and Qingming Wang (2006) +1 other reference | |
| Jiaxin Teng and Qingming Wang (2006) |
| Zengqian et al. (2003) |
| Liu et al. (2025) |
| Lei Zhang et al. (2015) |
| Xinpei Jiang (1994) +3 other references |
| Niu et al. (2025) |
| Runsheng Han et al. (2007) | |
| Niu et al. (2023) +1 other reference |
| Lina Peng et al. (2009) |
Colombia | |
| JAMP +1 other reference |
| Hernández +2 other references | |
Croatia | |
| Šoštarić (2009) |
Cuba | |
| Bortnikov et al. (1989) +1 other reference |
Czech Republic | |
| Šrein (2007) |
| Lapis 2000 (4) | |
| Pažout et al. (2017) | |
| |
| Pažout et al. (2024) | |
| Pažout et al. (2019) | |
| Pažout et al. (2017) | |
| Amer.Min. (1987) | |
| Sejkora et al. (2012) |
| Dolníček et al. (2023) |
| Stobbe (1981) +1 other reference |
| [Bull.N.M.Praha 2002 | |
| [Bull.N.M.Praha 2002 | |
| [Bull.N.M.Praha 2002 |
| [Bull.N.M.Praha 2002 | |
| |
| Kohout et al. (1995) |
| Beran (Ag, Au, Co) +2 other references |
| Fojt |
| Fojt | |
| Venclík et al. (2011) |
| Litochleb J. et al. (Šumava, Česká republika) |
| Černý |
| Pauliš et al. (2019) |
| Veselovský (2019) | |
| Mederski et al. (2020) |
| VÍŠKOVÁ et al. (2022) | |
| Pauliš et al. (2023) |
| Velebil +5 other references |
| Bednařík (jv. od Uh. Brodu) |
Dominican Republic | |
| Muntean et al. (1990) +2 other references |
Ecuador | |
| Mulshaw et al. (1994) +2 other references |
| an NI 43-101 Technical Report prepared ... +1 other reference |
Egypt | |
| International Geological Congress (2008) |
| International Geological Congress (2008) | |
| International Geological Congress (2008) | |
| International Geological Congress (2008) | |
| International Geological Congress (2008) | |
| International Geological Congress (2008) | |
Ethiopia | |
| Cook et al. (2000) |
Finland | |
| Ilkka Mikkola collection |
| Geological Survey of Finland 2007 ... +1 other reference |
| Kojonen Kari 1989. The early ... |
| Economic Geology (1996) |
| Luukkonen Ari 1994. Main geological ... |
| Geological Survey of Finland website |
| Kontoniemi et al. (1991) |
| Hangala Leake S. 1987 The early ... |
| Geological Survey of Finland Aijala - ... |
| Geological Survey of Finland ... +1 other reference | |
France | |
| R. Pierrot |
| Périchaud (1968) |
| Pélisson (1989) |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| Pélisson (1989) |
| Périchaud (1968) | |
| Pélisson (1989) |
| |
| Pélisson (1989) | |
| Yves Masson collection |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| Arliguie M collection +1 other reference |
| Duarte (2014) |
| Personally collected by Matthias Diot ... |
| Périchaud (1968) |
| |
| |
| Bariand et al. (n.d.) | |
| Bariand et al. (n.d.) |
| French BRGM data |
| Barelli (1835) |
| De Ascençao Guedes et al. (2011) |
| Pierrot et al. (1973) +1 other reference |
| Chauris (2014) |
| Chauris (2014) |
| Wittern et al. (1997) |
| Hohl (1994) +1 other reference |
| Hohl (1994) +1 other reference | |
| Wittern et al. (1997) |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| |
| Brousse (1982) |
| Lips (2006) |
| Inventaire Mineralogique de la France ... |
| Inventaire mineralogique de l'Ariege ( Edition BRGM 1984) |
| Forner et al. (1997) |
| Berbain et al. (2005) |
| Lheur (2023) |
| Lheur (2023) | |
| Lheur (2023) | |
| Lacroix (1893) +2 other references |
| |
| G.ROGER (1971) |
| Dubru. M (1986) |
| Berbain et al. (2005) |
| Infoterre |
| Bernadi (2004) |
| Galvier et al. (1995) |
| Moëlo et al. (2006) |
| "La chalcostibite et la dadsonite de Saint Pons et al. (1979) |
| Fourcault (1993) |
| Loubet (2011) | |
| "La chalcostibite et la dadsonite de Saint Pons et al. (1979) | |
| Fourcault (1993) +1 other reference | |
| R. Pierrot |
| R. Pierrot |
| Pierrot et al. (1972) +1 other reference |
| Moëlo et al. (1975) +1 other reference |
| Self collected by S. MAURY +1 other reference |
| Self collected S. Maury |
Georgia | |
| Kekelia et al. (2008) |
Germany | |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) | |
| Walenta (1992) | |
| Walenta (1989) +1 other reference |
| |
| Weiß (1990) +1 other reference |
| DILL (1983) +1 other reference |
| Rank (1985) |
| |
| Krul (1969) +1 other reference |
| |
| Dana 7:I:421. |
| Schnorrer-Köhler (1988) |
| Wagner et al. (2000) | |
| Haas (n.d.) | |
| www.minernet.it (n.d.) | |
| Wagner et al. (2000) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Wagner et al. (2000) |
| Der Aufschluss 2000 (2) |
| Henrich (2009) |
| www.mineralienatlas.de (2025) |
| Wagner et al. (2000) | |
| Blaß et al. (1999) |
| Beyer (1978) |
| Reppke (1993) |
| Reppke (1993) |
| Reppke (1993) |
| Wagner et al. (2000) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Wagner et al. (2000) |
| Wagner et al. (2000) |
| Wagner et al. (2000) |
| Schnorrer et al. (1997) |
| Wagner et al. (2000) |
| Wagner et al. (2000) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Zur Mineralogie und Geologie des ... +2 other references |
| Wagner et al. (2000) |
| Schnorrer (1993) +1 other reference |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Wittern (2001) | |
| Thomas Luehr collection |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Wittern (2001) +1 other reference |
| Gröbner et al. (2011) | |
| Gröbner et al. (2011) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Gröbner et al. (2011) | |
| Gröbner et al. (2006) |
| Vollstädt (1979) |
| L. Baumann et al. (Stuttgart) |
| 43-47 +3 other references |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Günter Grundmann collection |
Ghana | |
| Oberthür et al. (1997) |
| Mineralogical Magazine 1997 61 : ... +2 other references | |
| Oberthür et al. (1997) |
| Oberthür et al. (1997) |
Greece | |
| Voudouris et al. (2008) |
| Katerinopoulos et al. (1994) | |
| Voudouris et al. (2018) | |
| Wendel et al. (1999) | |
| |
| Rieck et al. (1999) |
| Uwe Kolitsch & Branko Rieck (unpubl. SEM-EDS results) | |
| Christos L. Stergiou et al. (2022) |
| ... +9 other references | |
| Tzamos +8 other references | |
| Nebel et al. (1991) | |
| Tzamos et al. (2020) +2 other references |
| Melfos +13 other references |
| biomine.brgm.fr (2015) |
| Wind et al. (2023) |
| Wind et al. (2023) | |
| Bonev et al. (2005) +3 other references |
Greenland | |
| Petersen et al. (1993) |
Hungary | |
| Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya |
| Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya | |
| Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya | |
| Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya | |
| Sándor et al. (2005) |
| Szakáll et al. (1996) |
India | |
| Höller et al. (1997) +2 other references |
| Deb (1980) |
| Deb (1980) | |
| Mukherjee et al. (1998) |
| Mineralogical Magazine 1968 36 : ... | |
| Parihar et al. (2016, October) | |
| Borodaev et al. (2002) +1 other reference |
Indonesia | |
| Davies (2008) |
| Scotney et al. (2005) |
Iran | |
| Rafiei et al. (2010) |
| Yar Mohammadi et al. (2008) +1 other reference |
| Daliran (2008) |
| Asadi et al. (2000) | |
Ireland | |
| |
| Gordon (2019) |
| Yesares +9 other references |
| Andrew (2024) |
| Moreton (1999) | |
| Andrew et al. (2025) | |
| Rhoden (1959) | |
| MORRIS (1984) |
Italy | |
| - (n.d.) |
| Funiciello et al. (1979) |
| De Casa et al. (2003) |
| Bracco et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
| Gianluca Armellino et al. (2024) |
| P. Capitanio collection |
| Italo Campostrini - Miland University (EDX) |
| Mondillo et al. (2020) |
| Giorno et al. (2025) | |
| Romani et al. (1997) +1 other reference |
| Bedognè et al. (2006) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) | |
| Jervis (1873) +1 other reference |
| Barresi A.A. et al. (Piemonte) |
| Barresi A.A. et al. (Piemonte) | |
| Ambrino et al. (2008) |
| Maletto et al. (2013) |
| Campostrini (2001) |
| Ciriotti et al. (2010) |
| Maletto et al. (2014) | |
| Ciriotti et al. (2019) |
| Ciriotti et al. (2019) | |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Ara D. et al. (2013) |
| Saccà C. (1988) |
| Triscari (1985) +1 other reference |
| Exel (1987) |
| Exel (1987) |
| Mair (1996) +1 other reference | |
| Exel (1987) | |
| - (n.d.) |
| Exel (1987) +1 other reference | |
| Exel (1987) |
| Exel (1987) | |
| De Michele (1974) |
| Aachen/Deutschland. +1 other reference |
| Mair (1996) |
| Forenza et al. (2005) |
| De Michele (1974) |
| Biagioni C. et al. (2015) |
| Tazzini et al. (1979) | |
| Biagioni et al. (2008) |
| Biagioni (2009) +1 other reference |
| Orlandi et al. (1996) +1 other reference |
| Orlandi et al. (2014) | |
| Cristian Biagioni et al. (2019) | |
| M. Bachelli find & collection | |
| Benvenuti M. et al. (1992/93) |
| Orlandi (2003) |
| D'Achiardi A. (1873) |
| Orlandi et al. (1980) +2 other references |
| Orlandi et al. (1994) +2 other references |
| Orlandi et al. (1976) +4 other references | |
| Morino et al. (2016) |
| Biagioni et al. (2019) | |
| Franzini et al. (1982) +3 other references |
| Marco Bonifazi collection | |
| Amici Mineralogisti Fiorentini [ Brizzi (1984) | |
| Bonifazi Marco specimen | |
| Orlandi et al. (2009) | |
| Orlandi et al. (2000) +1 other reference |
| Carrozzini B. et al. (1993) | |
| Nannoni R. et al. (PI) |
| Di Colbertaldo (1968) +1 other reference |
Ivory Coast | |
| Coulibaly et al. (2025) |
| Coulibaly et al. (2025) |
Japan | |
| Kato et al. (1969) +1 other reference |
| T. Matsukuma (1958) |
| Matsukuma (1962) | |
| - (n.d.) |
| Kase et al. (1993) |
| Fujiwara (1994) |
| Petrov (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
| Mineralogical Journal Vol. 12 (1984) |
Jersey | |
| Mourant (1985) |
Kazakhstan | |
| Spiridonov (2014) |
| Saburov (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| Baibatsha et al. (2015) |
| - (2005) |
Kosovo | |
| Féraud J. (1979) +2 other references |
| Hyseni et al. (2010) +2 other references |
| Mederski et al. (2019) |
| Kołodziejczyk et al. (2016) |
Kyrgyzstan | |
| Filippov et al. (2013) |
| Kolesar et al. (1993) |
| Kolesar et al. (1993) | |
| Chvileva (1965) |
| Palumbo-Roe et al. (2011) |
| Pavlova et al. (2009) |
Malawi | |
| Wall et al. (1996) |
Malaysia | |
| Ariffin (2012) |
| Kiong et al. (2004) |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
| Dr. Günter Grundmann collection |
Mexico | |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) | |
| Querol +1 other reference |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Hoffmann (1968) +2 other references |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Rivières et al. (2011) |
| Peter Megaw |
| GONZALEZPARTIDA et al. (2003) | |
| GONZALEZPARTIDA et al. (2003) | |
| Rubinovich-Kogan et al. (1988) +1 other reference |
| Alfonso et al. (2011) |
| Julio |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) | |
| White (1971) +1 other reference |
| Marty Zinn collection |
Mongolia | |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
| Khishgee et al. (2015) |
| Khishgee et al. (2014) | |
Morocco | |
| Barral et al. (2009) |
| Nshimiyimana et al. (2018) |
| El Arbaoui et al. (2015) | |
| Essarraj et al. (2022) |
Namibia | |
| von Bezing (2007) |
New Zealand | |
| Robinson (2018) |
| Robinson (2018) | |
| Robinson (2018) | |
| MacKenzie et al. (2013) |
| Grapes et al. (1999) |
| Grapes et al. (1999) | |
| Jury (1981) |
| Christie et al. (1997) | |
Nigeria | |
| Akande et al. (1992) +1 other reference |
North Korea | |
| Watanabe (1943) |
North Macedonia | |
| Boev et al. (1993) |
| RMZ - Materials and Geoenvironment Vol 52 No. 3 pp 535-548 (2006) |
Norway | |
| Naik (1975) +1 other reference |
| Lindahl (1979) |
| Kåre Kullerud et al. (2018) +1 other reference |
| Kullerud et al. (2018) |
| - (2001) |
| - (2013) |
| Vogt (1935) +1 other reference |
| Nordrum (2004) | |
| Geological Survey of Norway. The Ore ... +1 other reference |
| Cook et al. (1998) |
| Saager (1967) |
| Geological Survey of Norway. The Ore ... | |
| Geological Survey of Norway. The Ore ... +2 other references | |
| Carsten (1937) +1 other reference |
| - (2005) |
| - (1997) |
| - (1997, August) |
Pacific Ocean | |
| Tuomo Törmänen (2005) |
Peru | |
| Hyrsl et al. (2003) |
| Hyrsl et al. (2003) +1 other reference | |
| - (1997) |
| Gibson (1992) |
| Wang et al. (2024) |
| Crowley et al. (1997) |
| Hyrsl et al. (2003) +1 other reference | |
| Goodell (1974) +1 other reference | |
| Crowley et al. (1997) |
| Birnie et al. (1977) |
| - (1997) |
| Alvarez A et al. (1988) |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
Poland | |
| Paulo et al. (1972) |
| Siuda +3 other references |
| Siuda (2001) | |
| Traube (1888) | |
| Mochnacka et al. (2009) +1 other reference |
| Mochnacka et al. (2012) +1 other reference |
| Mochnacka et al. (2015) |
| Mochnacka et al. (2015) |
| Kozłowski et al. (2024) |
| Kozłowski et al. (2024) | |
| Kozłowski et al. (2024) | |
| Kozłowski et al. (2024) | |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| Nejbert et al. (2014) |
Portugal | |
| Pedro Alves analytical data and ... +1 other reference |
| Analyzed by Pedro Alves: SEM-EDS and polarised-light microscopy (October 2016) |
| Martins (2018) |
Romania | |
| Ilinca (2012) |
| Constantinescu et al. (1982) +1 other reference | |
| www.minerals-of-the-carpathians +1 other reference |
| Bailly et al. (1998) |
| Kipfer (1976) | |
| Mârza +7 other references | |
| Marias Francisc |
| Marias Francisc | |
| Marias Francisc | |
| Minerals of Carpathians |
| KOVÁCS et al. (2020) |
| Lavinsky (n.d.) |
| Damian et al. (2006) +1 other reference | |
| Damian et al. (2008) | |
| Clain et al. (2006) |
Russia | |
| Potseluev et al. (2006) |
| Pavlova et al. (2009) |
| Vakh et al. (2009, March) +2 other references |
| Vikentyev et al. (2025) |
| Bortnikov et al. (1987) +1 other reference |
| Aleksandr Yudin (2001) +1 other reference |
| Nagornaya et al. (2020) +1 other reference |
| Bortnikov et al. (2004) |
| Rodionov et al. (2001) |
| Rodionov et al. (2001) +1 other reference | |
| Burlakov (1995) |
| Seltmann et al. (2010) +1 other reference |
| Nozhkin et al. (2011) | |
| Volkov et al. (2013) |
| Goryachev (2001) +2 other references |
| Makshakov +2 other references |
| Makshakov +2 other references | |
| Makshakov et al. (2024) | |
| Makshakov et al. (2024) | |
| Seltmann et al. (2010) | |
| Goryachev (2001) +1 other reference |
| Goryachev (2001) | |
| Chernyavsky et al. (2012) |
| Kalinin +2 other references |
| Grant et al. (2001) +2 other references |
| Ratkin et al. (2021) | |
| Seltmann et al. (2010) |
| Kazachenko et al. (1979) | |
| Ivashchenko et al. (2006) +1 other reference |
| Fridovsky et al. (2018) |
| Gamyanin G.N. et al. (2001) |
| Kudrin et al. (2021) | |
| Bortnikov et al. (1998) +2 other references |
| Gamyanin et al. (2016) |
| Pavlova et al. (2009) |
| Pavlova et al. (2009) | |
| Pavlova et al. (2009) |
| Pavlova et al. (2009) | |
| Anikina et al. (2016) | |
| Pavlova et al. (2009) | |
| Sokol et al. (2021) |
| Sokol et al. (2021) |
| Vikentyev (2015) +3 other references |
| Hyršl (1992) |
| Nekrasov et al. (1988) +1 other reference | |
| Kachalovskaya et al. (1988) +1 other reference |
| Kiseleva et al. (2008) | |
| Kovalev et al. (2019) +1 other reference |
| Redin et al. (2015) |
| Redin et al. (2015) | |
| Pekov (1998) |
| Gvozdev et al. (2020) | |
| Spiridonov et al. (2010) +2 other references |
Serbia | |
| Slobodan A. Radosavljević et al. (2013) +1 other reference | |
| Slobodan A. Radosavljević et al. (2016) | |
| Radosavljević et al. (2012) |
| Cissarz et al. (1957) |
Slovakia | |
| Smithsonian Institution USNM ... |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Luptáková J. & Pršek J. (2004) +1 other reference | |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Maťo et al. (stredné Slovensko) |
| Bálintová T. et al. (Slovakia) +1 other reference |
| Miškovic J. (1990) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Trdlička Z. (1962) | |
| Láznička P. (1964) | |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Grecula (1995) | |
| Kodě +1 other reference |
| Ďuďa (1993) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Luptáková J. et al. (Malé Karpáty Mts., Slovakia) | |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Andráš P. et al. (1999) |
| Uher et al. (2000) |
| Grecula (1995) |
| Pauliš et al. (2002) | |
| Háber et al. (SGR) +1 other reference | |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| Hurný J. (1977) | |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| Grecula (1995) |
| Grecula (1995) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Mikuš T. (2019) |
| Pauliš et al. (2002) | |
| Grecula (1995) | |
| Martin Števko-unpublished |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| Grecula (1995) | |
| Malachovský (1979) |
| Števko et al. (2021) | |
| Martin Števko-unpublished |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| Števko M. (2017) |
| Martin Števko-unpublished |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Pauliš et al. (2002) | |
| Pršek J & Biroň A. (2007) | |
| Grecula (1995) |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| Slavkay M. (ed.) |
| Bacsó |
| Grecula (1995) |
| Ďuďa et al. (1996) | |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra |
| Bakoš F. et al. (Tatry) +1 other reference |
| Makovicky et al. (2007) |
| Duda |
| Duda et. all. |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| Ďuďa R. (2001) | |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Chovan et al. (1998) |
| Martin Števko-unpublished |
| Bakoš +1 other reference |
| Smirnov A. (Nízke Tatry) |
| Smirnov A. (Nízke Tatry) | |
| Orlandi et al. (2005) |
| Pauliš +5 other references | |
| Smirnov et al. (2007) | |
Slovenia | |
| Žorž et al. (2002) |
South Africa | |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| De Jager (1966) +1 other reference |
| SAMS (South African Micromount Society) |
South Korea | |
| Imai et al. (1982) +1 other reference |
| Chi et al. (1989) |
| Chi et al. (1989) | |
| Shin et al. (1987) +2 other references |
| Nakai (1941) |
Spain | |
| Martinez Frias (1991) |
| Martínez-Frías et al. (2004) | |
| Georges FAVREAU collection & EDX ... | |
| Castroviejo et al. (2011) |
| Álvarez-Valero et al. (2009) |
| Lillo Ramos (1992) |
| Almodóvar et al. (1997) |
| Calvo (2008) |
| Econ Geol (1996) |
| mti-minas-castillalamancha.blogspot.com (n.d.) |
| Crespo et al. (2000) |
| |
| Analyzed by XRD by Dr. Joan Vinals (Barcelona) |
| mti-minas-extremadura.blogspot.com.es (2016) |
| Mineralium Deposita (1996) |
| Castroviejo (1990) |
| Martínez Abad I et al. (2014) |
Sweden | |
| Grensman et al. (2001) |
| Tiu (2019) +1 other reference | |
| Geijer (1965) |
| Thaulow (1837) +1 other reference |
| SGU Ca17 |
| |
| Burke et al. (1990) |
| Jasinski (1983) | |
| Canadian Mineralogist (1984) | |
| Canadian Mineralogist (1984) | |
| Canadian Mineralogist (1984) | |
| |
| Zakrzewski et al. (1982) |
| EurJMin 5 +1 other reference |
| Andersson et al. (2014) |
| Rincon (2022) |
| Jonsson (1992) |
| Laitos (2014) | |
| Ödman (1939) |
| Smellie | |
| Grip (1951) | |
| Econ Geol (1996) +1 other reference |
| Juve (1974) |
| Z Krist 68 |
| Jansson et al. (2022) |
| Kieft et al. (1987) +1 other reference | |
Switzerland | |
| Romani (2000) |
| Romani (2000) +1 other reference |
| Romani (2000) +1 other reference | |
| Romani (2000) | |
| Cabalzar (1977) |
| Bächtiger K. (1986) |
| Bodmer U. (1982-1983) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Rykart R. (1979) +1 other reference |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| collection Joachim Esche |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Cabalzar (1977) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Meisser N. et al. (2020) | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) | |
| Schmutz et al. (1986) | |
| Ansermet S. (1996) +1 other reference |
| Gabriel (2017) |
| |
| Most recent: Gea 1993/04 p.137 with ... |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| 86. (in German) +2 other references |
Tajikistan | |
| Turlychkin et al. (1972) |
Turkey | |
| v. Steiger et al. (1943) +2 other references |
| Lucas Etienne collection |
| Lucas Etienne collection | |
| Kines (1969) |
| Arik (2012) |
UK | |
| G. Curtis |
| G.Curtis collection. | |
| Kingsbury et al. (1956) | |
| Golley et al. (1995) | |
| Hobson (1972) | |
| Steve Rust collection +1 other reference |
| Golley et al. (1995) | |
| Golley et al. (1995) | |
| G.Curtis collection. |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Clayton et al. (2000) | |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| |
| Cooper et al. (1990) |
| Stanley et al. (1991) | |
| Kingsbury et al. (1956) +3 other references |
| Kingsbury et al. (1956) | |
| Kingsbury (1965) |
| www.english-nature.org.uk (2016) |
| Tindle (2008) | |
| Day (1999) |
| Bevins et al. (1988) +1 other reference |
| Day (1999) |
Ukraine | |
| [World of Stones 12:20] |
| Evseev et al. (1995) |
| Latish et al. (1959) | |
| Lazarenko E.K. (1975) | |
| Biruk et al. (2012) |
USA | |
| - (2008) |
| USGS OFR 2004-1200 (Hawley,2004) |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) | |
| - (2008) | |
| - (2008) | |
| - (2008) | |
| - (2008) | |
| - (2008) | |
| - (2008) | |
| - (2008) | |
| - (2008) | |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) | |
| - (2008) +1 other reference | |
| - (2008) | |
| - (2008) | |
| - (2008) |
| Taylor |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) +1 other reference |
| - (2008) | |
| - (2008) | |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) |
| Moore et al. (1986) |
| USGS PP 1760A |
| Nokleberg (2005) | |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) | |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) | |
| Brian Beck Collected |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Arthur E. Smith collection |
| Murdoch (1966) |
| Murdoch (1966) +2 other references |
| Cooper et al. (1986) | |
| Gross et al. (1967) +2 other references |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Anthony et al. (2016) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Murphy (1979) |
| Grybeck (1976) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Carnein et al. (2005) |
| Ream (2004) |
| Ream (1995) | |
| Ream (2004) |
| Hall et al. (1972) | |
| Ream (1995) | |
| Ream (1995) | |
| Ream (1995) |
| - (2005) | |
| Dana 7:I:321 & 421. |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| Rocks & Min. 70:246 |
| - (2005) |
| Allen (1990) |
| Koschmann et al. (1968) |
| Ream (2004) | |
| Ream (1995) |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| Rocks & Min. 70:262 +2 other references | |
| Dana 7:I:421. |
| MRDS #10078357 |
| Ream (2004) | |
| Chan (1966) |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| Crowley et al. (1981) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| King et al. (1994) |
| Gabe Cangelosi |
| Jensen et al. (2012) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| Dana 7:I:421. +1 other reference |
| Geology and Mineral Deposits of the St. ... |
| - (2005) |
| Gobla (2012) | |
| Geology and Mineral Deposits of the Zosell (Emery) +3 other references |
| Geology and Mineral Deposits of the Zosell (Emery) +2 other references | |
| Geology and Mineral Deposits of the Zosell (Emery) +3 other references | |
| - (2005) |
| Integrated Methods for Discovery: ... +1 other reference |
| Parraga (2007) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Peter G. Vikre (1998) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Open-File Report ... +1 other reference |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Silver Coin Mine. Compact Disc. Paul ... |
| Paul M. Adams (2016) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Mineral News (1990) |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Mankins (2022) |
| Mankins (2022) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| - (2005) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Berry et al. (1952) +1 other reference |
| Johnson (1977) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference | |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| NY State Museum spec. no. 17795 |
| John E.Callahan |
| Kenny Gay - North Carolina Geological ... |
| - (2005) |
| Smith et al. (2000) |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| Roberts et al. (1965) | |
| Roberts et al. (1965) | |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Dietrich (1990) +1 other reference |
| Dana 6: 143 | |
| - (2005) | |
| Lasmanis (1995) +1 other reference |
| Valentine et al. (1960) +2 other references |
| Cannon (1975) |
| Purdy (1951) +1 other reference |
| Cannon (1975) +1 other reference |
| Cannon (1975) | |
| Cannon (1975) +1 other reference | |
| Dana 7:I:421 +1 other reference |
| Cannon (1975) | |
| Falster (1981) +1 other reference |
| Falster (1987) | |
| Nativel (1986) | |
Uzbekistan | |
| Eilu (2003) |
| Gromova +5 other references |
| Ashirov et al. (2023) |
Venezuela | |
| Christopher O'Neill specimen |
Vietnam | |
| Nevolko et al. (2019) |
| Nevolko et al. (2019) | |
| Nevolko et al. (2019) |
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Dörnberg Mine, Olsberg, Hochsauerlandkreis, Arnsberg, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany