Rathite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.
About Rathite
Formula:
Ag2Pb12-xTlx/2As18+x/2S40
May contain minor Sb substituting for As.
Substitution 2Pb <-> Tl + As. Topa & Kolitsch (2018) revised the general formula to AgxTlyPb16-2(x+y)As16+x+y-zSbzS40 (with 1.6 < x < 2, 0 < y < 3, 0 < z < 3.5).
Substitution 2Pb <-> Tl + As. Topa & Kolitsch (2018) revised the general formula to AgxTlyPb16-2(x+y)As16+x+y-zSbzS40 (with 1.6 < x < 2, 0 < y < 3, 0 < z < 3.5).
Colour:
Silver to lead-gray, tarnishes iridescent
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
3
Specific Gravity:
5.33 - 5.41
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named after Gerhard vom Rath (20 August 1830, Duisburg, Prussia - 23 April 1888, Koblenz, German Empire), Professor of Mineralogy, Bonn, Germany.
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhard_vom_Rath :
"Rath was educated at Cologne, at Bonn University, and finally at Berlin, where he graduated Ph.D. in 1853. In 1856, he became assistant to Johann Jakob Nöggerath in the mineralogical museum at Bonn, and succeeded to the directorship in 1872. Meanwhile, in 1863 he was appointed extraordinary professor of geology, and in 1872 he became professor of geology and mineralogy in the university of Bonn.
He was distinguished for his accurate researches on mineralogy and crystallography; he described a great many new minerals, some of which were discovered by him, and he contributed largely to our knowledge of other minerals, notably in an essay on tridymite. He travelled much in southern Europe, Palestine, and the United States, and wrote several essays on petrology, geology and physical geography, on earthquakes and on meteorites. He died at Koblenz in 1888."
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhard_vom_Rath :
"Rath was educated at Cologne, at Bonn University, and finally at Berlin, where he graduated Ph.D. in 1853. In 1856, he became assistant to Johann Jakob Nöggerath in the mineralogical museum at Bonn, and succeeded to the directorship in 1872. Meanwhile, in 1863 he was appointed extraordinary professor of geology, and in 1872 he became professor of geology and mineralogy in the university of Bonn.
He was distinguished for his accurate researches on mineralogy and crystallography; he described a great many new minerals, some of which were discovered by him, and he contributed largely to our knowledge of other minerals, notably in an essay on tridymite. He travelled much in southern Europe, Palestine, and the United States, and wrote several essays on petrology, geology and physical geography, on earthquakes and on meteorites. He died at Koblenz in 1888."
Type Locality:
Berlepsch et al. (2002) note that Ag substitution is probably essential in the structure and makes the mineral different from dufrénoysite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3370
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3370:7
IMA Classification of Rathite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Ag2Pb12-xTlx/2As18+x/2S40
First published:
1896
Classification of Rathite
2.HC.05d
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
H : Sulfosalts of SnS archetype
C : With only Pb
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
H : Sulfosalts of SnS archetype
C : With only Pb
3.7.12.1
3 : SULFOSALTS
7 : ø = 2
3 : SULFOSALTS
7 : ø = 2
5.7.47
5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
7 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Pb and other metals
5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
7 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Pb and other metals
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Rat | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Rat | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Rathite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Silver to lead-gray, tarnishes iridescent
Streak:
Chocolate-brown
Hardness:
3 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Perfect
{100} perfect.
{100} perfect.
Parting:
On {010}.
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Density:
5.33 - 5.41 g/cm3 (Measured) 5.31 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Rathite
Anisotropism:
Strong; olive-green or yellow and bluish violet
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 (%) | R2 (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 400nm | 40.0% | 45.2% |
| 420nm | 39.2% | 44.8% |
| 440nm | 38.4% | 44.3% |
| 460nm | 37.8% | 43.7% |
| 480nm | 37.2% | 43.7% |
| 500nm | 36.6% | 42.8% |
| 520nm | 36.0% | 42.3% |
| 540nm | 35.4% | 41.8% |
| 560nm | 34.7% | 41.0% |
| 580nm | 34.0% | 40.2% |
| 600nm | 33.3% | 39.3% |
| 620nm | 32.6% | 38.4% |
| 640nm | 31.9% | 37.6% |
| 660nm | 31.3% | 36.7% |
| 680nm | 30.7% | 35.9% |
| 700nm | 30.2% | 35.2% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 45.2%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
White
Internal Reflections:
Deep red
Pleochroism:
Strong
Chemistry of Rathite
Mindat Formula:
Ag2Pb12-xTlx/2As18+x/2S40
May contain minor Sb substituting for As.
Substitution 2Pb <-> Tl + As. Topa & Kolitsch (2018) revised the general formula to AgxTlyPb16-2(x+y)As16+x+y-zSbzS40 (with 1.6 < x < 2, 0 < y < 3, 0 < z < 3.5).
May contain minor Sb substituting for As.
Substitution 2Pb <-> Tl + As. Topa & Kolitsch (2018) revised the general formula to AgxTlyPb16-2(x+y)As16+x+y-zSbzS40 (with 1.6 < x < 2, 0 < y < 3, 0 < z < 3.5).
Crystallography of Rathite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/b
Setting:
P21/c
Cell Parameters:
a = 8.496(1) Å, b = 7.969(1) Å, c = 25.122(3) Å
β = 100.704(2)°
β = 100.704(2)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.066 : 1 : 3.152
Unit Cell V:
1,671.28 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:
Prismatic to short prismatic and striated [001].
Twinning:
On {100} producing polysynthetic pseudo-orthorhombic crystals; also on {3¯01}. Exhibits polysynthetic twin lamellae of irregular thickness.
Comment:
Data from Berlepsch et al. (2002).
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Show
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Display Options
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
View
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
Rotation
Stop | Start
Stop | Start
Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0010628 | Rathite | Marumo F, Nowacki W (1965) The crystal structure of rathite-I Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 122 433-456 | ![]() | 1965 | Lengenbach quarry, Binnatal, Switzerland | 0 | 293 |
| 0010712 | Rathite | Engel P, Nowacki W (1970) Die kristallstruktur von rathit-II [As25 S56|PbVII6.5 PBIX12] Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 131 356-375 | ![]() | 1970 | Lengenbach, Binnatal, Switzerland | 0 | 293 |
| 0011095 | Rathite | Berlepsch P, Armbruster T, Topa D (2002) Structural and chemical variations in rathite, Pb8Pb4-x(Tl2As2)x(Ag2As2)As16S40: modulations of a parent structure Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 217 581-590 | ![]() | 2002 | Valais, Switzerland | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 2.75 Å | (100) |
| 3.60 Å | (80) |
| 3.39 Å | (70) |
| 2.87 Å | (70) |
| 4.19 Å | (60) |
| 2.97 Å | (60) |
| 2.22 Å | (50) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) |
Type Occurrence of Rathite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Striated crystals to a few millimeters in size.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland, B742.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Dolomite
Synonyms of Rathite
Other Language Names for Rathite
Relationship of Rathite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Sartorite Group:
| Argentobaumhauerite | Ag1.5Pb22As33.5S72 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Argentodufrénoysite | Ag3Pb26As35S80 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Argentoliveingite | Ag3+xPb36-2xAs51+xS112 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Barikaite | Ag3Pb10(Sb8As11)S40 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Baumhauerite | Pb12As16S36 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Bernarlottiite | Pb6(As5Sb3)S18 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Boscardinite | TlPb4(Sb7As2)S18 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Carducciite | (Ag2Sb2)Pb12(As,Sb)16S40 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Dekatriasartorite | TlPb58As97S204 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Dufrénoysite | Pb2As2S5 | Mon. 2 : P21 |
| Écrinsite | AgTl3Pb4As11Sb9S36 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Enneasartorite | Tl6Pb32As70S140 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Geuerite | Ag2Tl4Pb4As22S40 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Giuşcăite | Ag2Tl4Pb4As20Sb2S40 | Mon. m |
| Guettardite | Pb8(Sb0.56As0.44)16S32 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Hendekasartorite | Tl2Pb48As82S172 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Heptasartorite | Tl7Pb22As55S108 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Hyršlite | Pb8As10Sb6S32 | Mon. 2 : P21 |
| Incomsartorite | Tl6Pb144As246S516 | Mon. 2/m |
| Interliveingite | AgPb18As25S56 | Mon. 2 : P21 |
| Liveingite | Pb20As24S56 | Mon. 2 : P21 |
| Parapierrotite | TlSb5S8 | Mon. m |
| Philrothite | TlAs3S5 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Pierrotite | Tl2(Sb,As)10S16 | Orth. mm2 : Pna21 |
| Polloneite | AgPb46As26Sb23S120 | Mon. 2 : P21 |
| Sartorite | PbAs2S4 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Twinnite | Pb0.8Tl0.1Sb1.3As0.8S4 | Mon. 2/m |
| Veenite | Pb16Sb9-xAs7+xS40, x ~ 0-0.5 | Mon. 2 : P21 |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 19 photos of Rathite associated with Realgar | As4S4 |
| 13 photos of Rathite associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
| 11 photos of Rathite associated with Hendekasartorite | Tl2Pb48As82S172 |
| 2 photos of Rathite associated with Interliveingite | AgPb18As25S56 |
| 2 photos of Rathite associated with Argentoliveingite | Ag3+xPb36-2xAs51+xS112 |
| 2 photos of Rathite associated with Argentobaumhauerite | Ag1.5Pb22As33.5S72 |
| 2 photos of Rathite associated with Smithite | AgAsS2 |
| 2 photos of Rathite associated with Imhofite | Tl5.8As15.4S26 |
| 1 photo of Rathite associated with Orpiment | As2S3 |
| 1 photo of Rathite associated with Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 2.HC. | Bernarlottiite | Pb6(As5Sb3)S18 |
| 2.HC. | Huntingdonite | Pb19Sb16As6S51Cl2 |
| 2.HC. | Moiraite | Pb12Sb8As8S36 |
| 2.HC.05f | Parapierrotite | TlSb5S8 |
| 2.HC.05g | Marumoite | Pb32As40S92 |
| 2.HC.05b | Baumhauerite II | |
| 2.HC.05e | Heptasartorite | Tl7Pb22As55S108 |
| 2.HC.05d | Dufrénoysite | Pb2As2S5 |
| 2.HC.05e | Hendekasartorite | Tl2Pb48As82S172 |
| 2.HC.05b | Argentobaumhauerite | Ag1.5Pb22As33.5S72 |
| 2.HC.05c | Argentoliveingite | Ag3+xPb36-2xAs51+xS112 |
| 2.HC.05b | Baumhauerite | Pb12As16S36 |
| 2.HC.05d | Veenite | Pb16Sb9-xAs7+xS40, x ~ 0-0.5 |
| 2.HC.05e | Dekatriasartorite | TlPb58As97S204 |
| 2.HC.05a | Hyršlite | Pb8As10Sb6S32 |
| 2.HC.05e | Incomsartorite | Tl6Pb144As246S516 |
| 2.HC.05c | Liveingite | Pb20As24S56 |
| 2.HC.05c | Johnjamborite | Pb14Sb8.5As7.5S38 |
| 2.HC.05f | Pierrotite | Tl2(Sb,As)10S16 |
| 2.HC.05d | Rathite-IV | PbAs2S4 |
| 2.HC.05d | Argentodufrénoysite | Ag3Pb26As35S80 |
| 2.HC.05e | Écrinsite | AgTl3Pb4As11Sb9S36 |
| 2.HC.05a | Sartorite | PbAs2S4 |
| 2.HC.05a | Twinnite | Pb0.8Tl0.1Sb1.3As0.8S4 |
| 2.HC.05f | Philrothite | TlAs3S5 |
| 2.HC.05h | Polloneite | AgPb46As26Sb23S120 |
| 2.HC.05a | Guettardite | Pb8(Sb0.56As0.44)16S32 |
| 2.HC.10a | Fülöppite | Pb3Sb8S15 |
| 2.HC.10d | Semseyite | Pb9Sb8S21 |
| 2.HC.10d | Rayite | Pb8(Ag,Tl)2Sb8S21 |
| 2.HC.10c | Heteromorphite | Pb7Sb8S19 |
| 2.HC.10b | Plagionite | Pb5Sb8S17 |
| 2.HC.15 | Falkmanite | Pb3Sb2S6 |
| 2.HC.15 | Boulangerite | Pb5Sb4S11 |
| 2.HC.20 | Robinsonite | Pb4Sb6S13 |
| 2.HC.25 | Moëloite | Pb6Sb6S14(S3) |
| 2.HC.30 | Dadsonite | Pb23Sb25S60Cl |
| 2.HC.35 | Zoubekite | AgPb4Sb4S10 |
| 2.HC.35 | Proto-owyheeite | Ag9Pb40Sb45S112 |
| 2.HC.35 | Owyheeite | Ag3Pb10Sb11S28 |
| 2.HC.40 | Parasterryite | Ag4Pb20Sb14As10S58 |
| 2.HC.50 | Lopatkaite | Pb5Sb3AsS11 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Rathite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3370.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
References for Rathite
Reference List:
Baumhauer, H. (1896) XXVII. Ueber den Rathit, ein neues Mineral aus dem Binnenthaler Dolomit. Zeitschrift für Krystallographie und Mineralogie, 26 (1). 593-602 doi:10.1524/zkri.1896.26.1.593
Solly, R. H. (1901) Sulpharsenites of lead from the Binnenthal. Part II.—Rathite. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 13 (59). 77-85 doi:10.1180/minmag.1901.013.59.11
Solly, R. H. (1911) On the relation between Rathite, Rathite α, and Wiltshireite. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 16 (74). 121-123 doi:10.1180/minmag.1911.016.74.08
Lewis, W. J. (1912) On Rathite and its variety, Wiltshireite. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 16 (75). 197-206 doi:10.1180/minmag.1912.016.75.03
Marumo, F.; Nowacki, W. (1965) The crystal structure of rathite-I. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 122 (5-6). 433-456 doi:10.1524/zkri.1965.122.5-6.433 [as "rathite I"]
Ozawa, T.; Nowacki, W. (1974) Note on the mineral rathite-IV. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Monatshefte, 1974 (11). 530-531 doi:10.1127/njmm/1974/1974/530
Berlepsch, P.; Armbruster, Th.; Topa, D. (2002) Structural and chemical variations in rathite, Pb8Pb4-x(Tl2As2)x(Ag2As2)As16S40: modulations of a parent structure. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials, 217 (11). 581-590 doi:10.1524/zkri.217.11.581.20784
Localities for Rathite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Canada | |
| Tomkins et al. (2004) |
Spain | |
| Crespo et al. (2000) |
Switzerland (TL) | |
| Zeits. Kryst. Min. (1896) +3 other references |
| 50. (in German) +2 other references | |
Ukraine | |
| Bobrov et al. (2006, August) +1 other reference |
Quick NavTopAbout RathiteUnique IdentifiersIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography Crystal StructureX-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesRelationshipsCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatOther InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List





symbol to view information about a locality.
The
Lengenbach Quarry, Fäld, Binn, Goms, Valais, Switzerland