Rhodonite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
This page kindly sponsored by Baker Ciara
About Rhodonite
Formula:
CaMn3Mn[Si5O15]
Often contains minor Mg and Fe. Structural studies and the recognition of new species in the rhodonite group indicate that the former simplified MnSiO3 formula no longer represents the overall rhodonite group. A pure Mn-dominant rhodonite is better expressed as Mn2+Mn2+3Mn2+[Si5O15], and indeed in 2019 this composition was recognized as the new rhodonite-group end-member vittinkiite.
The five cation sites M1-M5 exhibit ordering, which has given rise to such species as ferrorhodonite, which requires M5 to be Ca-dominant and M4 to be Fe2+-dominant.
The five cation sites M1-M5 exhibit ordering, which has given rise to such species as ferrorhodonite, which requires M5 to be Ca-dominant and M4 to be Fe2+-dominant.
Colour:
Red, pink, brownish-red, gray.
Lustre:
Vitreous, Pearly
Hardness:
5½ - 6½
Specific Gravity:
3.57 - 3.76
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1819 by Christoph Friedrich Jasche from the Greek ρόδον, "rose", referring to its color.
Type Locality:
Polymorph of:
Pyroxmangite of MnSiO3 composition is the high-pressure, low-temperature polymorph with respect to rhodonite of the same composition (Maresch & Mottana, 1976). There is also an unnamed α phase - UM1975-18-SiO:Mn - recognized in limestones from the Polish Tatra Mountains.
The Fe-substituted analogue is known - see ferrorhodonite.
Some preliminary analyses indicate much material currently called rhodonite is actually vittinkiite, ferrorhodonite or pyroxmangite, and probably should be termed rhodonite group until analysed. Most of these species are slightly darker than true rhodonite, but chemical analysis and sometimes XRD is required for identification.
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Rhodonite.
The Fe-substituted analogue is known - see ferrorhodonite.
Some preliminary analyses indicate much material currently called rhodonite is actually vittinkiite, ferrorhodonite or pyroxmangite, and probably should be termed rhodonite group until analysed. Most of these species are slightly darker than true rhodonite, but chemical analysis and sometimes XRD is required for identification.
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Rhodonite.Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3407
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3407:0
IMA Classification of Rhodonite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA status notes:
Redefined by the IMA
IMA Formula:
CaMn3Mn(Si5O15)
Approval history:
Redefined 2019 s.p. (IMA Proposal 18-I); for details see Shchipalkina et al. (2019).
Classification of Rhodonite
9.DK.05
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
K : Inosilicates with 5-periodic single chains
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
K : Inosilicates with 5-periodic single chains
65.4.1.1
65 : INOSILICATES Single-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=1)
4 : Single-Width Unbranched Chains, W=1 with chains P=5
65 : INOSILICATES Single-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=1)
4 : Single-Width Unbranched Chains, W=1 with chains P=5
14.17.1
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
17 : Silicates of Mn
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
17 : Silicates of Mn
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Rdn | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Rdn | Kretz (1983) | Kretz, R. (1983) Symbols of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 68, 277–279. |
| Rdn | Siivolam & Schmid (2007) | Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download |
| Rdn | Whitney & Evans (2010) | Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371 |
| Rdn | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Pronunciation of Rhodonite
Pronunciation:
| Play | Recorded by | Country |
|---|---|---|
| Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Rhodonite
Vitreous, Pearly
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Comment:
Somewhat pearly on cleavage
Colour:
Red, pink, brownish-red, gray.
Streak:
White
Hardness:
5½ - 6½ on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Perfect
Perfect on {110} & {110}
Good on {001}
Perfect on {110} & {110}
Good on {001}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Conchoidal
Density:
3.57 - 3.76 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.726 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Rhodonite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.711 - 1.738 nβ = 1.714 - 1.741 nγ = 1.724 - 1.751
2V:
Measured: 58° to 73°, Calculated: 58°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.013
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
r < v
Optical Extinction:
X ∧ a ≃ 5°; Y ∧ b ≃ 20°; Z ∧ c ≃ 25°.
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
X= yellowish red
Y= pinkish red
Z= pale yellowish red
Y= pinkish red
Z= pale yellowish red
Chemistry of Rhodonite
Mindat Formula:
CaMn3Mn[Si5O15]
Often contains minor Mg and Fe. Structural studies and the recognition of new species in the rhodonite group indicate that the former simplified MnSiO3 formula no longer represents the overall rhodonite group. A pure Mn-dominant rhodonite is better expressed as Mn2+Mn2+3Mn2+[Si5O15], and indeed in 2019 this composition was recognized as the new rhodonite-group end-member vittinkiite.
The five cation sites M1-M5 exhibit ordering, which has given rise to such species as ferrorhodonite, which requires M5 to be Ca-dominant and M4 to be Fe2+-dominant.
Often contains minor Mg and Fe. Structural studies and the recognition of new species in the rhodonite group indicate that the former simplified MnSiO3 formula no longer represents the overall rhodonite group. A pure Mn-dominant rhodonite is better expressed as Mn2+Mn2+3Mn2+[Si5O15], and indeed in 2019 this composition was recognized as the new rhodonite-group end-member vittinkiite.
The five cation sites M1-M5 exhibit ordering, which has given rise to such species as ferrorhodonite, which requires M5 to be Ca-dominant and M4 to be Fe2+-dominant.
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Al,Ca,Fe,Zn
Chemical Analysis
Oxide wt%:
| 1 | |
|---|---|
| SiO2 | 46.62 % |
| Al2O3 | 1.07 % |
| FeO | 1.85 % |
| MnO | 42.79 % |
| MgO | 0.32 % |
| CaO | 6.38 % |
| Na2O + K2O | 0.11 % |
| H2O+ | 0.54 % |
| H2O- | 0.40 % |
| Total: | 100.08 % |
Sample references:
| ID | Locality | Reference | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ambindavato, Soamanonga, Betioky District, Atsimo-Andrefana, Madagascar | Wet-chemical analysis by Mr.Raoult |
Crystallography of Rhodonite
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Class (H-M):
1 - Pinacoidal
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.758 Å, b = 10.499 Å, c = 12.205 Å
α = 108.58°, β = 102.92°, γ = 82.52°
α = 108.58°, β = 102.92°, γ = 82.52°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.929 : 1 : 1.162
Unit Cell V:
1,152.86 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
20
Morphology:
Crystals rough, typically tabular or elongate.
Twinning:
Lamellar, with {010} as composition plane.
Comment:
Non-standard space-group setting C-1. Reduced cell is (space group P-1): a = 7.682 Å, b = 11.818 Å, c = 6.707 Å, α = 92.355°, β = 93.948°, γ = 105.665° (Peacor & Niizeki, 1963).
Crystallographic forms of Rhodonite
Crystal Atlas:
Image Loading
Click on an icon to view
Rhodonite no.30 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Rhodonite no.49 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
3d models and HTML5 code kindly provided by
www.smorf.nl.
Toggle
Edge Lines | Miller Indices | Axes
Transparency
Opaque | Translucent | Transparent
View
Along a-axis | Along b-axis | Along c-axis | Start rotation | Stop rotation
Toggle
Edge Lines | Miller Indices | Axes
Transparency
Opaque | Translucent | Transparent
View
Along a-axis | Along b-axis | Along c-axis | Start rotation | Stop rotation
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Show
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Display Options
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
View
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
Rotation
Stop | Start
Stop | Start
Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0000690 | Rhodonite | Peacor D R, Essene E J, Brown P E, Winter G A (1978) The crystal chemistry and petrogenesis of a magnesian rhodonite American Mineralogist 63 1137-1142 |  | 1978 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0003774 | Rhodonite | Nelson W R, Griffen D T (2005) Crystal chemistry of Zn-rich rhodonite ("fowlerite") and rhodonite cation distributions American Mineralogist 90 969-983 | | 2005 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0003775 | Rhodonite | Nelson W R, Griffen D T (2005) Crystal chemistry of Zn-rich rhodonite ("fowlerite") American Mineralogist 90 969-983 | | 2005 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0003776 | Rhodonite | Nelson W R, Griffen D T (2005) Crystal chemistry of Zn-rich rhodonite ("fowlerite") and rhodonite cation distributions American Mineralogist 90 969-983 | | 2005 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0003777 | Rhodonite | Nelson W R, Griffen D T (2005) Crystal chemistry of Zn-rich rhodonite ("fowlerite") and rhodonite cation distributions American Mineralogist 90 969-983 | | 2005 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0003778 | Rhodonite | Nelson W R, Griffen D T (2005) Crystal chemistry of Zn-rich rhodonite ("fowlerite") and rhodonite cation distributions American Mineralogist 90 969-983 | | 2005 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0003779 | Rhodonite | Nelson W R, Griffen D T (2005) Crystal chemistry of Zn-rich rhodonite ("fowlerite") and rhodonite cation distributions American Mineralogist 90 969-983 | | 2005 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0003780 | Rhodonite | Nelson W R, Griffen D T (2005) Crystal chemistry of Zn-rich rhodonite ("fowlerite") and rhodonite cation distributions American Mineralogist 90 969-983 | | 2005 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0003781 | Rhodonite | Nelson W R, Griffen D T (2005) Crystal chemistry of Zn-rich rhodonite ("fowlerite") and rhodonite cation distributions American Mineralogist 90 969-983 | | 2005 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0003782 | Rhodonite | Nelson W R, Griffen D T (2005) Crystal chemistry of Zn-rich rhodonite ("fowlerite") and rhodonite cation distributions American Mineralogist 90 969-983 | | 2005 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0003783 | Rhodonite | Nelson W R, Griffen D T (2005) Crystal chemistry of Zn-rich rhodonite ("fowlerite") and rhodonite cation distributions American Mineralogist 90 969-983 | | 2005 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0003784 | Rhodonite | Nelson W R, Griffen D T (2005) Crystal chemistry of Zn-rich rhodonite ("fowlerite") and rhodonite cation distributions American Mineralogist 90 969-983 | | 2005 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0003785 | Rhodonite | Nelson W R, Griffen D T (2005) Crystal chemistry of Zn-rich rhodonite ("fowlerite") and rhodonite cation distributions American Mineralogist 90 969-983 | | 2005 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0003786 | Rhodonite | Nelson W R, Griffen D T (2005) Crystal chemistry of Zn-rich rhodonite ("fowlerite") and rhodonite cation distributions American Mineralogist 90 969-983 | | 2005 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0003787 | Rhodonite | Nelson W R, Griffen D T (2005) Crystal chemistry of Zn-rich rhodonite ("fowlerite") American Mineralogist 90 969-983 | | 2005 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0003788 | Rhodonite | Nelson W R, Griffen D T (2005) Crystal chemistry of Zn-rich rhodonite ("fowlerite") and rhodonite cation distributions American Mineralogist 90 969-983 | | 2005 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0003789 | Rhodonite | Nelson W R, Griffen D T (2005) Crystal chemistry of Zn-rich rhodonite ("fowlerite") and rhodonite cation distributions American Mineralogist 90 969-983 | | 2005 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0018494 | Rhodonite | Leverett P, Williams P A, Hibbs D E (2008) Ca-Mg-Fe-rich rhodonite from the Morro da Mina mine, Conselheiro Lafaiete, Minas Gerais, Brazil The Mineralogical Record 39 125-130 | 2008 | the Morro da Mina mine, Conselheiro Lafaiete, Minas Gerais, Brazil | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
Epitaxial Relationships of Rhodonite
Epitaxial Minerals:
| Marsturite | NaCaMn3Si5O14(OH) |
| Tiragalloite | Mn2+4As5+Si3O12(OH) |
Epitaxy Comments:
(001)[100]mar // (001)[100]rho; Dunn & Leavens (1986)
(010)[001]tir // (010)[100]rho; Roth & Meisser (2011)
(010)[001]tir // (010)[100]rho; Roth & Meisser (2011)
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Loading XRD data...
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 2.772 Å | (100) |
| 2.980 Å | (65) |
| 2.924 Å | (65) |
| 3.14 Å | (30) |
| 3.34 Å | (25) |
| 3.10 Å | (25) |
| 2.651 Å | (18) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 22 : Hydration and low-? subsurface aqueous alteration (see also #23) | |
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits | |
| Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics | <3.5-2.5 |
| 40 : Regional metamorphism (greenschist, amphibolite, granulite facies) |
Geological Setting:
Manganese deposits formed by hydrothermal, contact or regional metamorphic, and sedimentary processes.
Type Occurrence of Rhodonite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
No designated type material.
Synonyms of Rhodonite
Other Language Names for Rhodonite
Varieties of Rhodonite
| Dyssnite | Dull brownish black alteration of rhodonite containing both higher valance manganese and iron. |
| Fowlerite | Zn- and Ca-bearing variety of rhodonite, which consequently is paler pink than end-member rhodonite. Fowlerite was particularly noticed as rhodonite rarely occurred in crystals before the discovery at Franklin, New Jersey, USA. (Note: Keatingine was discr... |
| Hsihutsunite | A purplish-red variety of rhodonite, unusually high in Ca. |
| Orlets | Usually finegrained quartzite-like rhodonite enriched by manganese and low contents of iron and magnesium (usually <1-2 wt.% FeO+MgO). Usually metasomatic origin (manganese skarns). |
Relationship of Rhodonite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Rhodonite Group:
| Ferrorhodonite | CaMn3Fe[Si5O15] | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Vittinkiite | MnMn3Mn[Si5O15] | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 297 photos of Rhodonite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 256 photos of Rhodonite associated with Galena | PbS |
| 154 photos of Rhodonite associated with Franklinite | Zn2+Fe3+2O4 |
| 154 photos of Rhodonite associated with Willemite | Zn2SiO4 |
| 149 photos of Rhodonite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 99 photos of Rhodonite associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
| 63 photos of Rhodonite associated with Spessartine | Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| 60 photos of Rhodonite associated with Sphalerite | ZnS |
| 58 photos of Rhodonite associated with Axinite-(Mn) | Ca2Mn2+Al2BSi4O15(OH) |
| 48 photos of Rhodonite associated with Andradite | Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.DK. | Ferrorhodonite | CaMn3Fe[Si5O15] |
| 9.DK. | Vittinkiite | MnMn3Mn[Si5O15] |
| 9.DK. | Ferri-hellandite-(Ce) | (Ca3Ce)Ce2Fe3+◻2B4Si4O22(OH)2 |
| 9.DK. | Shijiangshanite | Pb3CaAl(Si5O14)(OH)3 · 3H2O |
| 9.DK.05 | Nambulite | LiMn2+4Si5O14(OH) |
| 9.DK.05 | Marsturite | NaCaMn3Si5O14(OH) |
| 9.DK.05 | Natronambulite | (Na,Li)(Mn,Ca)4Si5O14OH |
| 9.DK.05 | Scandiobabingtonite | (Ca,Na)2(Fe2+,Mn)(Sc,Fe3+)Si5O14(OH) |
| 9.DK.05 | Lithiomarsturite | LiCaMn3Si5O14(OH) |
| 9.DK.05 | Manganbabingtonite | Ca2Mn2+Fe3+Si5O14(OH) |
| 9.DK.05 | Babingtonite | Ca2Fe2+Fe3+Si5O14(OH) |
| 9.DK.10 | Santaclaraite | CaMn4[Si5O14OH](OH) · H2O |
| 9.DK.15 | Saneroite | NaMn2+5[Si5O14(OH)](VO3)(OH) |
| 9.DK.20 | Ferri-mottanaite-(Ce) | Ca4Ce2Fe3+(Be1.5◻0.5)[Si4B4O22]O2 |
| 9.DK.20 | Tadzhikite-(Ce) | Ca4Ce3+2Ti◻2(B4Si4O22)(OH)2 |
| 9.DK.20 | Hellandite-(Yb) | (Ca,Y)4(Yb,Y)2(Al,Fe3+,Ti4+)(Be,Li)2[B4Si4O22](O,F,OH)2 |
| 9.DK.20 | Mottanaite-(Ce) | Ca4(Ce,REE)Σ2Al(Be1.5◻0.5)Σ2[B4Si4O22]O2 |
| 9.DK.20 | Ciprianiite | Ca4[(Th,U),Ca]Σ2Al(Be0.5◻1.5)Σ2[B4Si4O22](OH)2 |
| 9.DK.20 | Hellandite-(Y) | (Ca,REE)4Y2Al◻2(B4Si4O22) (OH)2 |
| 9.DK.20 | Hellandite-(Ce) | (Ca,REE)4Ce2Al◻2(B4Si4O22) (OH)2 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Rhodonite in petrology
An essential component of rock names highlighted in red, an accessory component in rock names highlighted in green.
Internet Links for Rhodonite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3407.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
References for Rhodonite
Reference List:
Larsen, Esper S., Shannon, Earl V. (1922) Notes on some new rhodonite specimens from Franklin Furnace, New Jersey. American Mineralogist, 7 (9) 149-152
Liebau, F., Hilmer, W., Lindemann, G. (1959) Über die Kristallstruktur des Rhodonits (Mn,Ca)SiO3. Acta Crystallographica, 12 (3) 182-187 doi:10.1107/s0365110x59000548
Peacor, Donald R., Niizeki, Nobukazu (1963) The redetermination and refinement of the crystal structure of rhodonite, (Mn,Ca)SiO3. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials, 119 (1) 98-116 doi:10.1524/zkri.1963.119.1-2.98
Manning, P. G. (1968) Absorption spectra of the manganese-bearing chain silicates pyroxmangite, rhodonite, bustamite and serandite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 9 (3) 348-357
Ito, Jun (1972) Rhodonite-pyroxmangite peritectic along the join MnSiO3-MgSiO3 in air. American Mineralogist, 57 (5-6) 865-876
Maresch, W. V., Mottana, A. (1976) The pyroxmangite-rhodonite transformation for the MnSiO3 composition. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 55 (1) 69-79 doi:10.1007/bf00372755
Narita, Hajime, Koto, Kichiro, Morimoto, Nobuo (1977) The crystal structures of MnSiO3 polymorphs (rhodonite- and pyroxmangite-type) Mineralogical Journal, 8 (6) 329-342 doi:10.2465/minerj.8.329
Peacor, Donald R., Essene, Eric J., Brown, Philip E., Winter, Gary A. (1978) The crystal chemistry and petrogenesis of a magnesian rhodonite. American Mineralogist, 63 (11-12) 1137-1142
Sapountzis, Elias S., Christofides, George (1982) A calcium-poor rhodonite from Xanthi (N. Greece) Mineralogical Magazine, 46 (340) 337-340 doi:10.1180/minmag.1982.046.340.06
Viswanathan, Krishnamoorthy, Harneit, Otto (1986) Lattice expansion and ionic substitution in common pyroxenoids. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 94 (2) 238-244 doi:10.1007/bf00592940
Pinckney, Linda R., Burnham, Charles W. (1988) Effects of compositional variation on the crystal structures of pyroxmangite and rhodonite. American Mineralogist, 73 (7-8) 798-808
Livi, Kenneth J. T., Veblen, David R. (1992) An analytical electron microscopy study of pyroxene-to-pyroxenoid reactions. American Mineralogist, 77 (3-4) 380-390
Robie, Richard A., Huebner, J. Stephen, Hemingway, Bruce S. (1995) Heat capacities and thermodynamic properties of braunite (Mn7SiO12) and rhodonite (MnSiO3) American Mineralogist, 80 (5) 560-575 doi:10.2138/am-1995-5-615
Pertlik, F., Zahiri, R. (1999) Rhodonite with a Low Calcium Content: Crystal Structure Determination and Crystal Chemical Calculations. Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly, 130 (2) 257-265 doi:10.1007/pl00010206
Nelson, W. R. (2005) Crystal chemistry of Zn-rich rhodonite ("fowlerite") American Mineralogist, 90 (5) 969-983 doi:10.2138/am.2005.1694
Cook, Robert B. (2005) Connoisseur's Choice: Rhodonite, Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia. Rocks & Minerals, 80 (4) 264-269 doi:10.3200/rmin.80.4.264-269
Localities for Rhodonite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Algeria | |
| Byramjee R.and Meindre M. (1956) |
Antarctica | |
| Plimer et al. (1983) |
| AmMin 44:439 | |
Argentina | |
| USGS MRDS Database |
| Rocks & Minerals 80:4 pp264-269 +2 other references |
| Singer et al. (2009) | |
| Jovic et al. (2011) |
| P&E Mining Consultants Inc. (2007) |
Australia | |
| Stevens (1972) |
| Brown et al. (1992) |
| Brown et al. (1992) |
| Brown et al. (1992) |
| Brown et al. (1992) | |
| Brown et al. (1992) | |
| Brown et al. (1992) |
| Brown et al. (1992) | |
| Brown et al. (1992) | |
| Brown et al. (1992) | |
| Brown et al. (1992) | |
| Brown et al. (1992) | |
| Brown et al. (1992) | |
| Brown et al. (1992) | |
| Brown et al. (1992) | |
| Brown et al. (1992) |
| Brown et al. (1992) | |
| Brown et al. (1992) | |
| Brown et al. (1992) | |
| Huebner +6 other references |
| Spandler et al. (2016) |
| Henley et al. (2001) |
| R.E Brown and W.J Stroud |
| Brown et al. (1992) | |
| Brown et al. (1992) | |
| Brown et al. (1992) |
| Brown et al. (1992) | |
| Brown et al. (1992) | |
| Brown et al. (1992) | |
| Brown et al. (1992) | |
| Goodwin (1998) |
| Howarth (1973) | |
| Brown et al. (1992) | |
| Kawachi et al. (1994) +1 other reference | |
| Matthew Goodwin +1 other reference |
| R.E Brown and W.J Stroud |
| Brown et al. (2001) |
| Mason (1976) |
| Minerals of Broken Hill (1982) | |
| Museum Victoria mineral collection | |
| Ramdohr (1950) | |
| Ramdohr (1950) | |
| Ramdohr (1950) | |
| Museum Victoria collection | |
| Museum Victoria collection |
| Ramdohr (1950) | |
| Blampain et al. (2006) | |
| Ramdohr (1950) | |
| Ramdohr (1950) |
| Ramdohr (1950) | |
| NSW Geological Survey report GS1951/049 ... | |
| Warren et al. (1974) |
| Ahmad et al. (compilers) |
| R Bottrill |
| Paul et al. (2015) |
| Ralph Bottrill et al. (AGCC) +1 other reference |
Austria | |
| Pertlik et al. (1999) +1 other reference |
| Taucher (1994) +1 other reference |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Münichsdorfer (1989) |
| Meixner (1949) |
| Groß (1983) +1 other reference | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) | |
| Groß (1983) | |
| Exel (1993) |
| Meixner (1968) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Walter (1992) |
| Postl +3 other references | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Meixner (1981) | |
| Weißensteiner (1979) | |
| Strasser (1989) +1 other reference |
| Kolitsch et al. (2015) +4 other references |
| Strasser (1989) | |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2021) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2019) | |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) | |
| Strasser (1989) | |
| Strasser (1989) |
| www.franzbernhard.x10hosting.com (2016) |
| Postl+Moser (1988) |
| Meixner (1975) +1 other reference | |
| Pichler (2003) |
| Alker (1957) | |
| Meixner (1979) |
| - (n.d.) | |
| Exel (1993) +2 other references | |
| Kolitsch et al. (2019) |
| Brandstätter et al. (2015) | |
| Kolitsch et al. (2018) |
| Strasser (2008) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2021) |
| Meixner (1968) |
| Neinaveie (1979) |
| Hölblinger et al. (2019) | |
| Niedermayr (1986) +2 other references |
| Kolitsch (2017) | |
Bolivia | |
| USGS Bulletin # 1975 |
Brazil | |
| Bello +1 other reference |
| - (2002) |
| Varentsov (1996) |
| Santos et al. (2021) +1 other reference |
| Williams et al. (2008) |
| Viana +6 other references | |
| Am Min (1955) | |
| De Ascenção Guedes et al. (2024) | |
| Salgado et al. (2019) +1 other reference |
| Souza Neto et al. (2008) |
Bulgaria | |
| Marcus Voigt and Alfredo Petrov ... +1 other reference |
| Vassileva +1 other reference |
| Stanimirova et al. (2023) | |
| Milenkov et al. (2022) |
| Vassileva | |
| Vassileva +2 other references |
| Vassileva | |
| [MinRec 22 p.439] | |
| Vassileva +2 other references |
Burkina Faso | |
| Sattran et al. (2002) |
Canada | |
| Peatfield (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments in description) |
| Peatfield (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Hora et al. (2006) |
| Thompson (1951) |
| Richard Gunter Collection. |
| personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments in description) |
| Peatfield (n.d.) | |
| Gübelin et al. (1976) | |
| Heinrich (1962) |
| Klein (1966) |
| Klein (1966) |
| Nova Scotia Mineral Occurrence Database |
| Reiner Mielke 2015 |
| Reiner Mielke 2017 |
| Miller (2021) | |
| www.alpinegems.net | |
| Färber (n.d.) |
Chile | |
| Thompson et al. (2004) |
| Gómez-Gajardo et al. (2024) |
| Gómez-Gajardo et al. (2024) | |
| Gómez-Gajardo et al. (2024) | |
China | |
| Wang (1936) +2 other references |
| Lisheng Luo (1988) +1 other reference |
| Yongjun Di et al. (2006) |
| Yachui Jiang et al. (1994) |
| Xing et al. (2022) |
| Xing et al. (2021) +3 other references | |
| Jiuling Zhang (1982) +3 other references |
| Guangxiang Cheng (1984) +1 other reference |
| Jia et al. (2025) |
| Shikun Huang (1990) |
| Qiying Wei and Kan Tu (1987) |
| McQueen et al. (1995) |
| Jingqu Yao (1992) |
| Jingqu Yao (1992) | |
| Jingqu Yao (1992) |
| Jiuling Zhang (1982) |
| Changming Yang (1986) |
| Jingwen Mao et al. (1996) | |
| Shouquan Zhu (1994) |
| Yuanfang Xiao (1980) |
| Fabre (n.d.) |
| Zhicheng Lü et al. (2002) |
| Guo et al. (2021) |
| Fabre (n.d.) |
| Zhao et al. (2003) |
| Zhao et al. (2003) | |
| Zhao et al. (2003) | |
| Zhao et al. (2003) | |
| Jiuling Zhang (1982) |
| Jiannan Liu et al. (2013) |
| Pingyi Wan (2002) |
| Kefa Yang (1982) +1 other reference |
| Pingyi Wan (2002) |
| Pingyi Wan (2002) |
| Pingyi Wan (2002) |
| Pingyi Wan (2002) | |
| Zhibin Gao (1982) |
| Chengzhong Zhang and Zengda Liu (2006) |
| Bing Zhou et al. (2007) | |
| Ziyi Wan (1986) |
| Xianhua Ji et al. (2012) +1 other reference |
| Dong Wei (2007) |
| Dong Wei (2007) | |
| Jiuling Zhang (1982) |
| Yongbao et al. (2018) |
| |
| Deng et al. (2018) +4 other references |
| Qingtao Zhu (1983) +8 other references |
| Huifang Liu and Shucang Yue (1988) +1 other reference |
| Chaoyang Li et al. (2003) |
Costa Rica | |
| Rocks & Min.: 21:561. |
Czech Republic | |
| Marek +1 other reference |
DR Congo | |
| De Putter et al. (2018) |
Ecuador | |
| an NI 43-101 Technical Report prepared ... +1 other reference |
Egypt | |
| Shalaby et al. (2004) |
Finland | |
| Bulletin de la Commission Geologique de ... +1 other reference |
| Heikkilä +1 other reference |
| Nordenskiöld (1863) +1 other reference |
| Nordenskiöld (1863) |
France | |
| Chopin (1978) |
| Chopin (1978) |
| Wittern et al. (1997) |
| Patureau et al. (2011) |
| Perseil (1967) |
| Yves Masson collection |
| Inventaire minéralogique de la France ... |
| Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. ... | |
| De Ascenção Guedes et al. (2002) |
| European J. Mineralogy +1 other reference |
| Palache et al. (1951) +2 other references |
| Dana 6:A2:107. +1 other reference | |
| Lacroix (1900) |
| Bourbon M. (1972) |
Germany | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| von Kobell (1865) |
| |
| Hentschel (1983) |
| Hentschel (1983) +1 other reference | |
| Hentschel (1983) |
| Hentschel (1983) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Hering (2020) |
| www.mineralienatlas.de (n.d.) |
Ghana | |
| Dzigbodi-Adjimah (2004) |
Greece | |
| Michailidis et al. (2010) |
| [Erroneously reported] |
| Soulamidis et al. (2024) | |
| Reinecke et al. (1985) +1 other reference |
| Reinecke et al. (1985) +1 other reference | |
| |
| Tombros et al. (2023) |
Honduras | |
| - (2005) |
India | |
| Bhattacharyya (1985) |
| Sivaprakash (1981) | |
| Sivaprakash (1980) | |
| Narayanan Kutty et al. (1977) |
| Richard M. Pearl: "Minerals of India" |
| Kilpady (1960) +1 other reference |
| Roy et al. (1968) |
| Fermor et al. (1906) +1 other reference |
| MINERALOGICAL MAGAZINE |
| Bilgrami (1955) | |
| Richard M. Pearl: "Minerals of India" +1 other reference |
Indonesia | |
| Marcoux et al. (1993) +2 other references |
| Angeles et al. (2002) |
| Barton et al. (1978) +1 other reference |
| books.google.at (n.d.) |
| Nur et al. (2011) |
| Milési et al. (1999) +1 other reference |
Iran | |
| Moinevaziri (2019) |
| Mehrabi et al. (2016) |
Italy | |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Castello (1982) |
| Del Caldo et al. (1973) |
| Redazionale (2005) |
| 415. +1 other reference | |
| 415 (354) +1 other reference |
| Castellaro et al. (2023) |
| analysed by Dr. Anthony Kampf +1 other reference |
| Castellaro et al. (2011) |
| Antofilli et al. (1983) |
| Ferrario et al. (1976) |
| Marchesini et al. (2025) | |
| |
| Bedognè et al. (1993) +1 other reference | |
| Ghizzoni et al. (2005) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
| Cámara et al. (2014) +1 other reference |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Barresi A.A. et al. (Piemonte) |
| Maccario et al. (1970) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) | |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Deidda et al. (2022) |
| Paolo Bosio find & collection |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) | |
| Deidda et al. (2022) |
| Massimo Deidda et al. (Ce) +1 other reference |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Bertolani (1976) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Bonino A. (1965) +2 other references |
| SEM-EDS analysis (AMI UK Service) +3 other references |
| Marinai |
| Dini A. et al. (2013) |
| Jervis (1874) +1 other reference | |
| Mancini (1997) +2 other references |
| Pedroni et al. (1996) |
| Pedroni et al. (1996) | |
| De Michele (1974) |
Japan | |
| Am Min 48:952-954 |
| - (n.d.) |
| Fukuoka (1981) |
| Am Min 48:952-954 | |
| Arribas et al. (2018) |
| H. Momoi (1964) |
| H. Momoi (1964) |
| Fukuoka (1981) |
| H. Momoi (1964) |
| - (n.d.) |
| Fukushima et al. (2005) +1 other reference |
| Nakagawa et al. (2009) | |
| Tanaka et al. (2010) |
| Nakagawa et al. (2009) |
| H. Momoi (1964) +1 other reference |
| Nakamura +1 other reference |
| - (n.d.) |
| Matsubara et al. (1996) |
| - (n.d.) | |
| Fukuoka (1981) |
| Lee (1955) |
| Toyofumi Yoshimura et al. (1969) |
| Lee (1955) | |
| Minerals in Japan (Field Best Encyclopedia V. 15, 2003) |
| Am Min 66:638 +2 other references | |
| Fukuoka (1981) | |
| Fukuoka (1981) | |
| - (n.d.) +3 other references |
| Fukuoka (1981) | |
| Fukuoka (1981) | |
| FUKUOKA et al. (1977) +1 other reference | |
| Fukuoka (1981) | |
| Katsu Kaneko (1956) |
| - (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| N. Aikawa (1987) | |
| Fukuoka (1981) |
| Suzaki et al. (1969) |
| - (n.d.) |
| Fukuoka (1981) | |
| Haruna (2002) |
| - (n.d.) |
| - (n.d.) | |
| Toyofumi Yoshimura et al. (1969) | |
| - (n.d.) | |
| - (n.d.) | |
| Nambu M (1967) |
| - (n.d.) |
| - (n.d.) | |
| - (n.d.) | |
| - (n.d.) | |
| - (n.d.) | |
| Fukuoka (1981) | |
| Nambu et al. (1961) | |
| - (n.d.) |
| Masutomi Museum specimen (Kyoto) +3 other references |
| - (n.d.) |
| - (n.d.) |
| - (n.d.) | |
| - (n.d.) | |
| - (n.d.) |
| - (n.d.) | |
| - (n.d.) | |
| - (n.d.) |
| Fukuoka (1981) |
| - (n.d.) | |
| - (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| - (n.d.) | |
| - (n.d.) | |
| H. Momoi (1964) +3 other references |
| Nagase et al. (2012) | |
| - (n.d.) |
| - (n.d.) |
| - (n.d.) | |
| Toyofumi Yoshimura et al. (1969) |
| Toyofumi Yoshimura et al. (1969) +1 other reference |
| Toyofumi Yoshimura et al. (1969) | |
| Momoi (1964) +1 other reference |
| Mineralogical Journal Vol. 17 (1994) |
| Nishio-Hamane et al. (2016) |
| Toyofumi Yoshimura et al. (1969) +1 other reference |
| Kaneko (1956) |
| H. Momoi (1964) |
| Nakagawa et al. (2009) | |
| Nakagawa et al. (2009) | |
| Nakagawa et al. (2009) | |
| Nakagawa et al. (2009) | |
| Am Min 85:242-250 +1 other reference |
| Mayumi Yoshinaga (1963) | |
| H. Momoi (1964) |
| Yoshinaga (1963) |
| Fukuoka (1981) |
| Narita (1963) |
| Fukuoka (1981) +2 other references |
| ... +1 other reference |
| Fuzimoto (2006) | |
| Fukuoka (1981) | |
| Lee (1955) +1 other reference |
| Akira Kato (2011) | |
| Akira Kato (2011) | |
| Akira Kato (2011) | |
| Yoshinaga (1959) +1 other reference |
| H. Momoi (1964) | |
| geopubs.wr.usgs.gov (2004) +1 other reference |
| H. Momoi (1964) |
| Hitoshi Momoi (1964) |
| H. Momoi (1964) |
| Aikawa (1979) |
| - (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| H. Momoi (1964) |
| H. Momoi (1964) |
| |
| Kato (2012) |
| Kato (2010) | |
| Akira Kato (2009) |
| Fukuoka (1981) |
| - (n.d.) |
| Fukuoka (1981) |
| Fukuoka (1981) |
| H. Momoi (1964) |
| H. Momoi (1964) | |
| - (n.d.) |
| Fukuoka (1981) |
| - (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| - (n.d.) | |
| Matsubara et al. (2007) | |
| Hirata et al. (1993) |
| - (n.d.) +2 other references | |
| - (n.d.) |
| - (n.d.) | |
| Fukuoka (1981) | |
| Introduction to Japanese Minerals (Geological Survey of Japan, 1970) +1 other reference |
| Kato et al. (1994) | |
| Fukuoka (1981) | |
| - (n.d.) |
| Fukuoka (1981) | |
| Hitoshi Momoi (1964) | |
| Matsubara et al. (1988) +1 other reference |
| N. Aikawa (1987) |
| Petrov (n.d.) | |
| Bull. Kanagawa pref. Mus. (Nat. Sci.) | |
| Matsubara et al. (2004) | |
| Petrov (n.d.) | |
| Fukuoka (1981) |
| Fukuoka (1981) | |
| Hitoshi Momoi (1964) |
| - (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| H. Momoi (1964) |
| Fukuoka (1981) | |
| H. Momoi (1964) +1 other reference | |
| - (n.d.) |
| H. Momoi (1964) | |
| H. Momoi (1964) +1 other reference | |
| Fukuoka (1981) | |
| Fumitoshi HIROWATARI (1961) +1 other reference |
| - (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Lee (1955) +1 other reference | |
| H. Momoi (1964) | |
| H. Momoi (1964) | |
| H. Momoi (1964) | |
| H. Momoi (1964) | |
| H. Momoi (1964) | |
| H. Momoi (1964) | |
| H. Momoi (1964) +1 other reference | |
| Fukuoka (1981) | |
| - (n.d.) |
Kazakhstan | |
| - (1993) |
| V.V. Kalinin data +2 other references |
| Kayupova (1963) +1 other reference |
Kyrgyzstan | |
| Pekov (1998) |
Madagascar | |
| Behier (1963) |
| Dekoninck et al. (2024) | |
| Besaire (1961) |
| Behier (1963) |
| Lacroix (1939) +1 other reference |
Mexico | |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Querol +1 other reference |
| Enríquez et al. (2018) |
| Panczner (1987) +1 other reference | |
| Osterman (1984) |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Rocks & Minerals 80:4 pp264-269 | |
| Panczner (1987) | |
| Panczner (1987) | |
| Panczner (1987) | |
| Panczner (1987) | |
| Simmons et al. (2005) |
| Panczner (1987) | |
| Panczner (1987) | |
| Panczner (1987) | |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) | |
| Panczner (1987) | |
| Panczner (1987) | |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Rocks & Minerals 80:4 pp264-269 |
| Rocks & Minerals 80:4 pp264-269 | |
| Ref.: Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas et al. (2000) |
| Akira Kato (2011) |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Fier et al. (2009) |
Mongolia | |
| MacDonald et al. (2024) |
Morocco | |
| Varentsov (1996) |
Mozambique | |
| Lulin et al. (1985) +2 other references |
Namibia | |
| von Bezing (2007) +1 other reference |
| Dunn (1991) |
New Zealand | |
| Read et al. (1971) +1 other reference |
| Marshall (1918) |
| Sameshima et al. (1991) | |
| Auton (1997) |
| Partington | |
| Hutton (1957) |
| Williams et al. (1967) |
| Simpson et al. (2011) |
| Fraser (1910) | |
| Fraser (1910) | |
| Fraser (1910) | |
| Boyle (1979) | |
North Korea | |
| Suzuki (1943) |
| Kinosaki (1941) | |
North Macedonia | |
| Strmić Palinkas et al. (2013) |
Norway | |
| Voght (1910) |
| Nordrum (2008) |
| Nordrum et al. (1981) +1 other reference | |
| Raade et al. (1983) +1 other reference |
| Frontpage picture in STEIN 17 (2) |
| Geological museum collection Oslo | |
| Garmo (1974) +1 other reference |
| Knut Edvard Larsen collection # MM-4989 ( Ex Ø. Juul Nilsen collection) | |
| Garmo (1974) | |
| Raade (1973) +1 other reference |
| Wel (1974) |
Peru | |
| - (1997) +2 other references |
| Hyrsl et al. (2003) +1 other reference | |
| Hyršl et al. (2000) | |
| Fabre (n.d.) |
| Imai et al. (1985) +1 other reference |
| Econ Geol (1984) |
| Gibson (1992) | |
| Chauvet et al. (2006) |
| www.sec.gov (n.d.) |
| Gustavo Durieux et al (2029) | |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
| Pérez-Puig Obieta et al. (2013) |
| Wilson (1989) |
| Hyrśl (2012) |
| Crowley et al. (1997) |
| Hyrśl (2012) | |
| Pedro Hugo Tumialán () |
| - (1997) |
| Favreau (n.d.) |
| John W. Rozelle and Donald B. Tschabrun (2009) |
| Oudin et al. (1982) +3 other references |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
| D. Slade collection |
| Corthay et al. (2014) |
| www.mineralmundi.com (2007) | |
Philippines | |
| South-East Asian Oil |
| Cooke et al. (1996) |
| South-East Asian Oil | |
Portugal | |
| Barriga et al. (1988) |
| Azevedo (2024) |
| |
| LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ... | |
| LNEG - Siorminp |
| LNEG - Siorminp database information +1 other reference |
| LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ... | |
Romania | |
| www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk (2003) |
| Tămaş et al. (2014) | |
| Papp et al. (2005) |
| Hîrtopanu et al. (2003) | |
| Hîrtopanu et al. (2003) |
| Hîrtopanu +2 other references |
| Cristeastan et al. (2012) | |
| Hirtopanu et al. (2015) |
| Hârtopanu et al. (1996) +1 other reference |
| Munteanu (1993) +1 other reference |
| minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu (2008) |
| Hîrtopanu (1997) +3 other references |
Russia | |
| Brusnitsyn et al. (2009) |
| Pekov (1998) | |
| Brusnitsyn (2006) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Chukanov et al. (2021) |
| Semkova +4 other references | |
| webmineral.ru (2020) |
| |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Kuleshov et al. (2002) |
| Varentsov (1996) |
| Nokleberg et al. (2010) |
| V.V. Kalinin data |
| Kassandrov et al. (2009) |
| Kassandrov et al. (2009) | |
| webmineral.ru (2020) |
| Makshakov +2 other references |
| Filimonova et al. (2006) | |
| imcg.wr.usgs.gov (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
| Strujkov et al. (1996) |
| Savva et al. (2022) | |
| Savva et al. (2019) | |
| Savva et al. (2016) +1 other reference | |
| Старикова (2011) |
| Grant et al. (2001) |
| Ratkin et al. (2021) | |
| Kazachenko et al. (2006, July) | |
| Perevoznikova et al. (2009) |
| Dobrovol’skaya et al. (2008) | |
| Kazachenko et al. (1979) | |
| Mason (1976) | |
| Brusnitsyn (2000) |
| Brusnitsyn A.I. (2000) |
| Brusnitsyn A.I. (2000) |
| [AmMin 85:1845] |
Rwanda | |
| Bertossa (1968) +1 other reference |
Saudi Arabia | |
| Doebrich et al. (2007) |
Slovakia | |
| Koděra (1955) |
| Jeleň et al. (2006) | |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Kodě +1 other reference |
| Maťo Ľ. et al. (in Slovak with English abstract) +2 other references | |
| Háber et al. (SGR) |
| Pauliš et al. (2002) | |
| Zipster (1817) +1 other reference |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Martin Števko-unpublished | |
| Radvanec M. and Gonda S. (2020) +1 other reference |
| Koděra (1986) | |
| Pauliš et al. (2002) | |
| Martin Števko & Pavol Myšľan +1 other reference |
| Majzlan et al. (2025) |
| Grzegorz Słowik collection +2 other references | |
| Majzlan et al. (2025) | |
South Africa | |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Cairncross et al. (1993) |
| Rozendaal et al. (2017) |
| Rozendaal et al. (2017) |
South Korea | |
| Yang et al. (2013) |
Spain | |
| Jorge (2000) +1 other reference |
| Bocamina (4) |
| Jiménez-Millán et al. (1993) +1 other reference | |
| Calvo (2009) |
| Dill et al. (2023) |
| 2005 |
| & locality references +1 other reference | |
| Joan Abella i Creus (2008) |
| Mineralogistes de Catalunya |
Sweden | |
| Geijer (1939) |
| |
| Grensman et al. (2001) +1 other reference |
| |
| Wilke (1976) |
| |
| |
| Per Geijer |
| GFF 13 |
| Igelström (1888) +1 other reference |
| Roy (1972) |
| Igelström (1890) | |
| Collection of Bergsskolan (8115) +1 other reference | |
| Koark (1970) | |
| |
| |
| Segerbäck (2014) | |
| AmMin 16 |
| Holtstam et al. (1999) |
| Österberg (2003) +1 other reference | |
| Blomstrand (1874) |
| Gatedal (n.d.) | |
| Flink (1885) +2 other references |
| Lee (1958) | |
| |
| Nysten et al. (2016) +1 other reference | |
| Garnum et al. (2002) +2 other references | |
| Nysten (2020) |
| Öhman et al. (2004) |
| |
| Holtstam +6 other references |
Switzerland | |
| Geiger T. (1948) +1 other reference |
| Geiger T. (1948) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Mandarino (2001) | |
| Wenk et al. (1978) +2 other references |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Lareida (1989) +1 other reference |
| Brugger et al. (1996) |
| Brugger J. (1996) | |
| Brugger J. (1996) | |
| Brugger et al. (1999) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) +2 other references |
| Huttenlocher (1936) +1 other reference |
| Ansermet (2012) |
| Ansermet (2012) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
Taiwan | |
| Yui et al. (1989) |
| Mayumi Yoshinaga (1963) |
Tajikistan | |
| Likhachov et al. (eds.) +1 other reference |
| Likhachov et al. (eds.) +1 other reference | |
Turkey | |
| Öztürk (1997) |
| Oyman (2003) |
| Oyman (2003) | |
UK | |
| Russell (1946) |
| Russell (1945) |
| Russell (1946) |
| Russell (1946) |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Russell (1946) |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Russell (1946) | |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Young (1987) +1 other reference |
| Stanley et al. (1991) | |
| Collins (1871) +1 other reference |
| |
| Hall (1868) |
| Russell (1946) |
| Russell (1946) |
| Dearman (1966) +2 other references |
| Russell (1946) |
| Render (n.d.) |
| Russell (1946) |
| |
| Render (n.d.) |
| Day (1999) | |
| |
USA | |
| Dean (1995) |
| Cook et al. (1982) | |
| - (2008) |
| USGS OFR 2004-1200 (Hawley,2004) |
| USGS OFR 2004-1200 (Hawley,2004) | |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) | |
| juneau.ak.blm.gov (n.d.) |
| - (2008) |
| Toland (2004) |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) |
| Hewett et al. (1930) +1 other reference |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Haxel et al. (2023) |
| Farnham (1961) +1 other reference |
| Anthony et al. (1995) | |
| Galbraith (1947) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Schrader (1917) +1 other reference | |
| Schrader (1915) |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10102534 +1 other reference |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Gübelin et al. (1976) +1 other reference | |
| - (2005) |
| Murdoch et al. (1966) +2 other references |
| Trask et al. (1943) +1 other reference |
| Taliaferro (1943a) +5 other references | |
| Taliaferro (1943a) +2 other references |
| Trask et al. (1943) +1 other reference |
| Trask et al. (1943) +3 other references |
| Taliaferro (1943a) +2 other references | |
| Trask et al. (1943) +1 other reference |
| Trask et al. (1943) +1 other reference | |
| Trask (1950) +3 other references |
| Trask (1950) +3 other references | |
| Taliaferro (1943a) +4 other references |
| Trask et al. (1943) +1 other reference |
| Trask et al. (1943) +1 other reference |
| Trask et al. (1943) +1 other reference | |
| Taliaferro (1943a) +4 other references |
| Taliaferro (1943a) +5 other references |
| Taliaferro (1943a) +2 other references |
| - (2005) |
| Trask et al. (1943) +4 other references | |
| Trask et al. (1943) +3 other references |
| Trask et al. (1943) +1 other reference |
| Taliaferro (1943a) +2 other references |
| Trask et al. (1943) +4 other references | |
| Trask et al. (1943) +2 other references | |
| Trask et al. (1943) +3 other references |
| Murdoch et al. (1966) |
| Trask et al. (1943) +3 other references |
| Trask et al. (1943) +4 other references |
| Trask et al. (1943) +4 other references | |
| Troxel et al. (1962) +2 other references |
| Trask et al. (1943) +4 other references | |
| Anonymous (1962) +1 other reference |
| Troxel et al. (1962) +1 other reference | |
| Trask et al. (1943) +5 other references |
| Trask et al. (1943) +1 other reference |
| Trask (1950) +2 other references |
| Trask (1950) +2 other references |
| Trask et al. (1943) +5 other references |
| Trask et al. (1943) +1 other reference |
| Trask (1950) +3 other references | |
| Trask (1950) +2 other references |
| Trask (1950) +2 other references |
| Goudey (1936) +1 other reference |
| Erwin (1934) +4 other references |
| Trask (1950) +2 other references |
| Trask et al. (1943) +4 other references |
| Trask et al. (1943) +3 other references |
| Taliaferro (1943a) +3 other references |
| Trask et al. (1943) +1 other reference | |
| - (2005) |
| Anonymous (1962) +3 other references |
| Murdoch et al. (1966) +1 other reference | |
| - (2005) |
| Huebner +6 other references |
| Trask (1950) +4 other references |
| Flohr et al. (1992) | |
| Trask (1950) +3 other references |
| Trask (1950) +2 other references | |
| Trask et al. (1943) +1 other reference |
| Trask (1950) +2 other references |
| Trask (1950) +2 other references | |
| Trask et al. (1943) +1 other reference |
| Trask et al. (1943) +1 other reference | |
| Trask et al. (1943) +4 other references |
| Turner (1895) +6 other references |
| Bradley et al. (1918) +1 other reference | |
| Trask et al. (1943) +1 other reference |
| Trask et al. (1943) +1 other reference |
| Trask et al. (1943) +1 other reference | |
| Trask et al. (1943) +1 other reference |
| Trask et al. (1943) +1 other reference |
| Trask et al. (1943) +4 other references | |
| Trask (1950) +2 other references | |
| Trask et al. (1943) +1 other reference |
| Trask et al. (1943) +3 other references | |
| Hanks (1884) +1 other reference | |
| Trask et al. (1943) +1 other reference |
| Sterrett (1909) +1 other reference |
| CDMG OFR 94-11 " Mineral Land ... |
| - (2005) |
| Trask et al. (1943) +3 other references |
| - (2005) |
| |
| Murdoch et al. (1940) +1 other reference |
| Mining and Scientific Press (1883) +2 other references | |
| Cannon Microprobe Services |
| Anonymous (1962) +1 other reference |
| Tucker (1939) +1 other reference |
| Lavinsky (n.d.) +5 other references |
| Chet Lemansky +4 other references |
| Trask (1950) +1 other reference |
| Trask (1950) +2 other references |
| Pemberton (1983) +2 other references |
| Trask et al. (1943) +3 other references |
| Trask et al. (1943) +3 other references | |
| Trask et al. (1943) +4 other references |
| Trask (1950) +2 other references |
| Trengrove (1960) +1 other reference | |
| Trask (1950) +2 other references |
| - (2005) |
| Bradley (1936) +2 other references |
| Trask (1950) +2 other references |
| Trask (1950) +2 other references |
| Eakle (1922) +1 other reference |
| Trask (1950) +2 other references |
| Trask (1950) +2 other references |
| Muir Wood (1979) |
| Trask (1950) +3 other references |
| Trask et al. (1943) +1 other reference |
| - (2005) |
| Huebner +3 other references |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| Trask et al. (1943) +4 other references |
| Hewett et al. (1961) +1 other reference |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| Trask et al. (1943) +3 other references |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| Trask (1950) +1 other reference |
| Durrell (1940a) +1 other reference |
| Sterrett (1912) +2 other references |
| Durrell (1940a) +1 other reference |
| - (2005) |
| Trask et al. (1943) +4 other references |
| Trask (1950) +2 other references |
| Trask (1950) +1 other reference |
| Trask et al. (1943) +4 other references | |
| Trask et al. (1943) +1 other reference |
| Trask (1950) +2 other references |
| Trask et al. (1943) +3 other references |
| Trask et al. (1943) +1 other reference |
| Trask et al. (1943) +1 other reference | |
| Trask et al. (1943) +1 other reference |
| Dings et al. (1957) |
| Dings et al. (1957) | |
| Dings et al. (1957) +1 other reference | |
| Dings et al. (1957) | |
| Dings et al. (1957) | |
| Berke et al. (2023) | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| The Williamson Southern Group |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Shannon et al. (1985) | |
| Foley +4 other references |
| Holmes et al. (1983) +1 other reference |
| Rocks & Min.:62:9 +3 other references |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| D. Slade collection |
| Ransome (1901) +1 other reference |
| - (2005) | |
| Ransome (1901) | |
| Holmes et al. (1983) |
| 2008 New Mexico Mineral Symposium ... |
| Ransome (1901) +1 other reference | |
| Ransome (1901) +3 other references |
| Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Ransome (1901) | |
| Ransome (1901) +1 other reference | |
| Ransome (1901) | |
| Ransome (1901) +1 other reference | |
| Ransome (1901) +1 other reference | |
| - (2005) | |
| Ransome (1901) +1 other reference |
| Chase (1911) |
| - (2005) |
| Rocks & Minerals 75:339 |
| Januzzi +2 other references |
| Kunz (1890) |
| Foye (1919) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Rocks & Min.:64:198. |
| Cook (1978) |
| - (2005) |
| |
| Pavlides et al. (1962) |
| Pavlides et al. (1962) | |
| Douglas Watts specimen |
| King et al. (1994) | |
| Morrill & Hinckley |
| - (1917) |
| "Western Massachusetts Mineral ... |
| Kunz (1890) +1 other reference | |
| Anthony (1997) |
| Dunn (1976) +1 other reference |
| Morris (1983) |
| Rocks & Minerals: 61:328. +1 other reference |
| McSwiggen et al. (1994) |
| - (2005) |
| Gobla (2012) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| Anaconda Mining Company Collection | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| Weed (1912) +1 other reference | |
| Sales (1914) | |
| Sales (1914) | |
| Weed (1912) | |
| Weed (1912) | |
| - (2005) | |
| Weed (1912) +1 other reference | |
| Weed (1912) | |
| Weed (1912) +1 other reference | |
| - (2005) | |
| Weed (1912) +1 other reference | |
| Sales (1914) | |
| Gabe Cangelosi Collection | |
| - (2005) | |
| Weed (1912) | |
| - (2005) | |
| Ex. Harold "Hal" Miller (Geophysisist) | |
| Weed (1912) | |
| Rocks & Min.: 16: 246. | |
| Sales (1914) | |
| - (2005) | |
| Rocks & Min.: 16: 244. +1 other reference |
| Weed (1912) +1 other reference | |
| Weed (1912) | |
| Sales (1914) +1 other reference | |
| Rocks & Min.: 16: 244 +1 other reference | |
| Rocks & Min.: 16: 244. +1 other reference | |
| Weed (1912) +1 other reference | |
| Gammons et al. (2016) +1 other reference | |
| Weed (1912) +1 other reference | |
| Rocks & Min.: 16: 244. +1 other reference | |
| Weed (1912) +1 other reference | |
| Weed (1912) +1 other reference | |
| Manganese at Butte +2 other references | |
| Weed (1912) | |
| - (2005) |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| J.V. Tingley and J. Quade (1987) | |
| USGS Bull 741 |
| USGS Open-File Report 76-56 +1 other reference |
| Bonham et al. (1985) |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| NBMG Bull 59 Geology and Mineral ... |
| - (2005) | |
| NBMG Bull 59 Geology and Mineral ... +1 other reference | |
| - (2005) | |
| NBMG Bull 59 Geology and Mineral ... | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| - (2005) |
| NBMG Bull 59 Geology and Mineral ... | |
| - (2005) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Clark (1922) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| - (2005) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| - (1976) |
| Rocks & Minerals (1990) +1 other reference |
| |
| Rocks & Minerals (1990) |
| Woodman Institute (Dover, NH) |
| Palache (1935) +1 other reference |
| King (n.d.) | |
| Palache (1935) | |
| King (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
| Weissman field collected 1985 | |
| Bruce T. Mitchell | |
| Palache (1935) +1 other reference | |
| Mason (1976) | |
| Leavens et al. (2009) |
| Palache (1935) +1 other reference | |
| NJ State Geol. Ann. Rpt (1900) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Allen et al. (1953) +1 other reference | |
| AmMin 38:883 | |
| Econ Geol (1987) | |
| Allen et al. (1953) +1 other reference | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Abrecht (1985) | |
| Allen et al. (1953) +1 other reference | |
| - (2005) |
| Walstrom (n.d.) |
| USGS Bull 945C |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| NMGS 37th Field Conference +1 other reference |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) +1 other reference | |
| - (1965) +1 other reference | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| - (2005) | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Schilling (1956) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Zodac |
| Ransom (1974) | |
| Jensen (1978) |
| NY State Museum spec. no. 12669 |
| Chamberlain et al. (2023) | |
| Rocks & Min.: 60:130-135. |
| www.excaliburmineral.com |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| Brown |
| - (2005) | |
| Len Ramp et al (1977) | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (1943) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| - (1943) | |
| - (1943) | |
| - (1943) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| - (1952) |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| Phyllis Richardson | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| - (1952) |
| - (1952) | |
| - (1952) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (1952) |
| Miller (1972) |
| Michael W. Kieron collection | |
| Miller (1971) | |
| Rocks & Minerals (1986) |
| Miller (1971) | |
| American Mineralogist (1930) +1 other reference |
| Willard Roberts - XRD |
| Paris (2011) |
| Smith (1991) |
| - (2005) |
| North (2010) |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| - (2005) |
| Bullock (1981) +1 other reference |
| - (2005) |
| Rocks & Min. Vol. 71 (1996) |
| Kunz (1890) |
| Kunz (1890) +1 other reference | |
| Morrill & Chaffee |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dietrich (1990) | |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dietrich (1990) | |
| Beard et al. (2002) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| - (2005) |
| Derkey et al. (1990, November) |
| Derkey et al. (1990, November) +1 other reference |
| - (2005) | |
| Cannon (1975) |
| Valentine et al. (1960) +3 other references |
| Cannon (1975) | |
| Valentine et al. (1960) +2 other references |
| - (2005) |
| Cannon (1975) | |
| Cannon (1975) +1 other reference |
| - (2005) | |
Zambia | |
| Sullivan (1980) |
Quick NavTopAbout RhodoniteUnique IdentifiersIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPronunciation Physical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Chemical AnalysisCrystallography Crystallographic forms Crystal StructureEpitaxial Relationships X-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesVarietiesRelationshipsCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatOther InformationRhodonite in petrologyInternet Links References Localities Locality List
North Mine, Broken Hill, Broken Hill district, Yancowinna Co., New South Wales, Australia