Kamphaugite-(Y)
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Kamphaugite-(Y)
Erling Kamphaug (1931-2000)
Formula:
Ca(Y,REE)(CO3)2(OH) · H2O
Colour:
White to colorless
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
2 - 3
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Name:
Named after the Norwegian Erling Kamphaug (1931-2000) a mineral collector who supplied the first specimens from Hørtekollen, Norway for study.
The mineral was first reported from the Verkhnee Espe Massif, Kazakhstan as "tengerite" by Stepanov (1961), later designated as "calciotengerite" by Mineev (1994). Similar Ca-Y-carbonat mineral with the same XRD pattern were also described from Transvaal, South Africa (Verwoerd 1963) and Evans-Lou pegmatite, Quebec, Canada (Hogarth, 1972). However, it was first the find of better crystallized materiale at Hørtekollen, Norway that made a description of it as a new mineral possible by Raade & Braastad (1993).
The mineral was first reported from the Verkhnee Espe Massif, Kazakhstan as "tengerite" by Stepanov (1961), later designated as "calciotengerite" by Mineev (1994). Similar Ca-Y-carbonat mineral with the same XRD pattern were also described from Transvaal, South Africa (Verwoerd 1963) and Evans-Lou pegmatite, Quebec, Canada (Hogarth, 1972). However, it was first the find of better crystallized materiale at Hørtekollen, Norway that made a description of it as a new mineral possible by Raade & Braastad (1993).
Type Locality:
Related to tengerite-(Y) and similar minerals. A result of low-temperature hydrothermal alteration of yttrium-bearing minerals in granitic rocks, often found in cavities and cracks. At the TL kamphaugite-(Y) may have a coating of montmorillonite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2151
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2151:3
IMA Classification of Kamphaugite-(Y)
Approved
IMA Formula:
CaY(CO3)2(OH) · H2O
Approval year:
1987
First published:
1993
Classification of Kamphaugite-(Y)
5.DC.10
5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
D : Carbonates with additional anions, with H2O
C : With large cations
5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
D : Carbonates with additional anions, with H2O
C : With large cations
16b.1.7.1
16b : HYDRATED CARBONATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
1 : AmBn(XO3)pZqxH2O & with (m+n):p = 1:1
16b : HYDRATED CARBONATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
1 : AmBn(XO3)pZq
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Khg-Y | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Kamphaugite-(Y)
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
White to colorless
Comment:
Spherules may be pale yellow to brown
Streak:
White
Hardness:
2 - 3 on Mohs scale
Hardness Data:
Estimated
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
None Observed
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Optical Data of Kamphaugite-(Y)
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.627 nβ = 1.663 nγ = 1.663 nε = 1.627
2V:
Measured: 15°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.036
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
not observed
Pleochroism:
Non-pleochroic
Comments:
The mineral from Hørtekollen is anomalously biaxial with 2V (-)approximately equal to 15.
Chemistry of Kamphaugite-(Y)
Mindat Formula:
Ca(Y,REE)(CO3)2(OH) · H2O
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Kamphaugite-(Y)
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Class (H-M):
4 2 2 - Trapezohedral
Space Group:
P41 21 2
Setting:
P41 21 2
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.434 Å, c = 21.793 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 2.932
Unit Cell V:
1205.2 ų
Z:
8
Morphology:
Forms observed: {001} and probably {100} and {110}
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0006483 | Kamphaugite-(Y) | Romming C, Kocharian A K, Raade G (1993) The crystal structure of kamphaugite-(Y) European Journal of Mineralogy 5 685-690 | 1993 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 6.140 Å | (100) |
| 4.381 Å | (80) |
| 3.516 Å | (60) |
| 2.831 Å | (50) |
| 2.631 Å | (90) |
| 1.891 Å | (30) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 31 : Thermally altered carbonate, phosphate, and iron formations | |
| 32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits | |
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks |
Type Occurrence of Kamphaugite-(Y)
General Appearance of Type Material:
Platy crystals up to 1 mm across forming divergent or rose-like aggregates, sometimes small spherules.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
In the Mineralogical-Geological Museum, University of Oslo, catalogue no. 14769.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
In cavities of a magnetite-helvite skarn deposit.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Kamphaugite-(Y)
Other Language Names for Kamphaugite-(Y)
Dutch:Kamphaugiet-(Y)
German:Kamphaugit-(Y)
Russian:Камфаугит-(Y)
Simplified Chinese:碳钇钙石
Traditional Chinese:碳釔鈣石
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 20 photos of Kamphaugite-(Y) associated with Decrespignyite-(Y) | Cu(Y,REE)4(CO3)4(OH)5Cl · 2H2O |
| 7 photos of Kamphaugite-(Y) associated with Paratooite-(La) | (La,Sr,Ca)4CuCa(Na,Ca)2(CO3)8 |
| 5 photos of Kamphaugite-(Y) associated with Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| 5 photos of Kamphaugite-(Y) associated with Stilbite Subgroup | M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O |
| 5 photos of Kamphaugite-(Y) associated with Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 5 photos of Kamphaugite-(Y) associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 5 photos of Kamphaugite-(Y) associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 4 photos of Kamphaugite-(Y) associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
| 4 photos of Kamphaugite-(Y) associated with Donnayite-(Y) | NaCaSr3Y(CO3)6 · 3H2O |
| 3 photos of Kamphaugite-(Y) associated with Helvine | Be3Mn2+4(SiO4)3S |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 5.DC. | Gysinite-(Ce) | PbCe(CO3)2(OH) · H2O |
| 5.DC. | Calcioancylite-(La) | (LaCa)(CO3)2(OH) · H2O |
| 5.DC. | Gysinite-(La) | PbLa(CO3)2(OH) · H2O |
| 5.DC.05 | Kozoite-(La) | La(CO3)(OH) |
| 5.DC.05 | Calcioancylite-(Ce) | (Ce,Ca,Sr)CO3(OH,H2O) |
| 5.DC.05 | Calcioancylite-(Nd) | Ca(Nd,La,Ce)(CO3)2(OH).H2O |
| 5.DC.05 | Unnamed (Ce-analogue of Kozoite-(La) and -(Nd)) | (Ce,La)(CO3)(OH) |
| 5.DC.05 | Ancylite-(La) | LaSr(CO3)2(OH) · H2O |
| 5.DC.05 | Ancylite-(Ce) | CeSr(CO3)2(OH) · H2O |
| 5.DC.05 | Kozoite-(Nd) | Nd(CO3)(OH) |
| 5.DC.05 | Gysinite-(Nd) | PbNd(CO3)2(OH) · H2O |
| 5.DC.15 | Sheldrickite | NaCa3(CO3)2F3 · H2O |
| 5.DC.20 | Thomasclarkite-(Y) | (Na,Ce)(Y,REE)(HCO3)(OH)3 · 4H2O |
| 5.DC.25 | Peterbaylissite | [Hg2]2+3[CO3]2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 5.DC.30 | Clearcreekite | [Hg2]2+3[CO3]2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 5.DC.35 | Niveolanite | NaBe(CO3)(OH) · 2H2O |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Kamphaugite-(Y)
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2151.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
References for Kamphaugite-(Y)
Reference List:
Raade, Gunnar, Brastad, Kjartan (1993) Kamphaugite-(Y), a new hydrous Ca-(Y,REE)-carbonate mineral. European Journal of Mineralogy, 5 (4) 679-684 doi:10.1127/ejm/5/4/0679
Rømming, Christian, Kocharian, Armen K., Raade, Gunnar (1993) The crystal structure of kamphaugite-(Y) European Journal of Mineralogy, 5 (4) 685-690 doi:10.1127/ejm/5/4/0685
Raade, Gunnar, Sæbø, Per Chr., Austrheim, Håkon, Kristiansen, Roy (1993) Kuliokite-(Y) and its alteration products kainosite-(Y) and kamphaugite-(Y) from granite pegmatite in Tordal, Norway. European Journal of Mineralogy, 5 (4) 691-698 doi:10.1127/ejm/5/4/0691
González del Tánago, J., La Iglesia, A., Delgado, A. (2006) Kamphaugite-(Y) from La Cabrera massif, Spain: a low-temperature hydrothermal Y-REE carbonate. Mineralogical Magazine, 70 (4) 397-404 doi:10.1180/0026461067040338
Verwoerd, W. J. (2008) Kamphaugite-(Y) from the Goudini carbonatite, South Africa. The Canadian Mineralogist, 46 (4). 1007-1022 doi:10.3749/canmin.46.4.1007
Localities for Kamphaugite-(Y)
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| Brugger et al. (2006) +1 other reference |
Canada | |
| Hogarth (1972) |
Hungary | |
| GEODA" New minerals in Hungary" +1 other reference |
Italy | |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Grill (1935) |
| sergio varvello | |
| Orlandi (2011) |
| Gamboni (2003) |
Japan | |
| Nishio-Hamane et al. (2024) |
| Tsuruta et al. (2005) |
Kazakhstan | |
| Stepanov (1961) |
Namibia | |
| von Bezing (2007) |
| von Bezing (2007) |
Norway | |
| Revheim (2006) |
| Breivik et al. (2010) |
| Raade et al. (1993) |
| Husdal (2008) |
| Witzke (2023) |
| Raade et al. (1993) +1 other reference | |
| Knut Edvard Larsen (2023) | |
| Raade et al. (1993) +1 other reference |
| Larsen et al. (2010) |
Russia | |
| - (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| |
South Africa | |
| Verwoerd (2008) |
Spain | |
| Menor (2007) |
| Mineralogical Magazine 70 (4) | |
| Tánago et al. (2012) | |
USA | |
| King (2000) |
| Médard et al. (2007) |
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Hørtekollen, Sylling, Lier, Buskerud, Norway