Decided to redraw my favorite piece of official TMBD art, the Subterranean Press illustration by Tommy Arnold for Home: Habitat, Range, Niche, Territory, shown in the bottom right for comparison. I’ve used it as inspiration for my takes on all the characters shown, which from left to right are Overse (with Arada’s legs in her lap), Murderbot, Ratthi, Bharadwaj, and Pin-Lee.
When Drugs Became Available
Have you ever been writing some historical fiction and wondered "hey, I wonder if my characters would have been able to pop an ibuprofen in 1977?" Well, you're in luck, because this post is all about when common medications became available:
- Acetaminophen: 1950
- Albuterol: 1969 (UK) 1982 (US)
- Allopurinol: 1966
- Alprazolam: 1981
- Amitriptyline: 1961
- Amlodipine: 1990
- Amoxicilin: 1972
- Amphetamine/Dextroamphetamine (together as Adderall): 1996
- Apixiban: 2012
- Aripiprazole: 2002
- Aspirin (first NSAID): 1899
- Azidothymidine (first antiviral): 1987
- Barbital (first barbiturate): 1903
- Bupropion: 1985
- Buspirone: 1986
- Calcium Carbonate (TUMS): 1930
- Captopril (first ACE inhibitor): 1981
- Chlordiazepoxide (first benzodiazepine): 1960
- Chlorothiazide (first thiazide diuretic): 1957
- Chlorpromazine (first antipsychotic): 1952
- Cyclobenzeprine: 1977
- Diphenhydramine: 1946
- Furosemide: 1959
- Fluoxetine (first SSRI): 1988
- Gabapentin: 1993
- Glipizide: 1984
- Hydrochlorothiazide: 1959
- Ibuprofen: 1969 (UK) 1974 (US)
- Insulin: 1923 (though many types of insulins would become available over the next century)
- Imipramine (first tricyclic antidepressant): 1959
- Iproniazid (first antidepressant (MAOI)): 1952
- Levothyroxine: 1927 (though desiccated pork thyroid was used for the same reasons as early as 1890)
- Lisinopril: 1987
- Lithium: 1949
- Losartan (first ARB): 1995
- Lovastatin (first statin): 1987
- Naproxen: 1976 (Rx) 1990 (OTC)
- Nitrogen Mustard (first chemotherapy agent): early 1940's
- Methotrexate: 1947
- Methylphenidate: 1954
- Metformin: 1957 (France) 1995 (US)
- Metoprolol: 1978
- Montelukast: 1998
- Morphine: early 1800's
- Omeprazole: 1989
- Penicillin: 1945
- Phenbezamine (first antihistamine): 1942
- Prednisone: 1955
- Propranolol (first beta blocker): 1965 (UK) 1967 (US)
- Sertraline: 1990
- Spironolactone: 1959
- Sulfanilamide (first modern antibiotic): 1935
- Tolbutamide (first oral anti-diabetic drug): 1956
- Tramadol: 1977 (Germany) 1995 (US)
- Trazodone: 1981
- Valacyclovir: 1995
- Verapamil (first calcium channel blocker): 1964
- Warfarin: 1954
- Zopiclone (first "Z-drug"): 1986
Someone asked for this list in date order, so here it is!
- Morphine: early 1800's
- Aspirin (first NSAID): 1899
- Barbital (first barbiturate): 1903
- Insulin: 1923 (though many types of insulins would become available over the next century)
- Levothyroxine: 1927 (though desiccated pork thyroid was used for the same reasons as early as 1890)
- Calcium Carbonate (TUMS): 1930
- Sulfanilamide (first modern antibiotic): 1935
- Nitrogen Mustard (first chemotherapy agent): early 1940's
- Phenbezamine (first antihistamine): 1942
- Penicillin: 1945
- Diphenhydramine: 1946
- Methotrexate: 1947
- Lithium: 1949
- Acetaminophen: 1950
- Chlorpromazine (first antipsychotic): 1952
- Iproniazid (first antidepressant (MAOI)): 1952
- Methylphenidate: 1954
- Warfarin: 1954
- Prednisone: 1955
- Tolbutamide (first oral anti-diabetic drug): 1956
- Chlorothiazide (first thiazide diuretic): 1957
- Metformin: 1957 (France) 1995 (US)
- Furosemide: 1959
- Hydrochlorothiazide: 1959
- Spironolactone: 1959
- Imipramine (first tricyclic antidepressant): 1959
- Chlordiazepoxide (first benzodiazepine): 1960
- Amitriptyline: 1961
- Verapamil (first calcium channel blocker): 1964
- Propranolol (first beta blocker): 1965 (UK) 1967 (US)
- Allopurinol: 1966
- Albuterol: 1969 (UK) 1982 (US)
- Ibuprofen: 1969 (UK) 1974 (US)
- Amoxicilin: 1972
- Naproxen: 1976 (Rx) 1990 (OTC)
- Cyclobenzeprine: 1977
- Tramadol: 1977 (Germany) 1995 (US)
- Metoprolol: 1978
- Captopril (first ACE inhibitor): 1981
- Trazodone: 1981
- Alprazolam: 1981
- Glipizide: 1984
- Bupropion: 1985
- Buspirone: 1986
- Zopiclone (first "Z-drug"): 1986
- Lovastatin (first statin): 1987
- Azidothymidine (first antiviral): 1987
- Lisinopril: 1987
- Fluoxetine (first SSRI): 1988
- Omeprazole: 1989
- Amlodipine: 1990
- Sertraline: 1990
- Gabapentin: 1993
- Losartan (first ARB): 1995
- Valacyclovir: 1995
- Amphetamine/Dextroamphetamine (together as Adderall): 1996
- Montelukast: 1998
- Aripiprazole: 2002
- Apixiban: 2012
I already keep track of a lot of this stuff but hey, it's useful.
ppl on ao3 should use the "this work was inspired by" option more. so many fics out there that put links to other fics in the a/n but theres a better option.....
☝️ use this!!!!!!
important addition i forgot that not everyone might know. similar to how ao3 bookmarks work, you can also link to non-ao3 fanworks using this format. so, for instance, if theres some fanart on tumblr that inspired you to write the fic? you can link that fanart to your fic!
unlike putting a link in the note the other party has to approve this kind of tie, possibly depending on their account settings idr, because it creates a two-way link relationship. so people tend to hold back on it because it's asserting a relatively intimate bond between your work and someone else's when they might not even know who you are.
Slight clarification—it asks the other party to approve, but even if they disapprove, the link from your work to theirs remains. Still might be uncomfortable to ask, but it works on your end regardless of how the other person responds
retracing ur steps to remember what u were about to say/do is so funny like yeah let me go stand next to the microwave for a second i think i dropped my thought over there. & then it works
[sits bolt upright awake at 3am] what if ba'al auditioned to be on wormhole xtreme. what if he actually got to guest star and by the time the stargate program noticed it was too late
Usually when the electrician goes 'hey.... there's something you should see' it's because someone set up shoddy wiring. This time it was because he pulled two snakes out of my wall
whoa…it’s crazy, i was under the impression that the cat has been fed every day for the past 19 years. but he’s informing me right now that’s never happened? not once in his life?
pov you're posting to spacetumblr after getting dm'd instructions on what to do during the rescue you didn't know was coming (1: hang on to me. 2: nothing else) purely because the uptight sanctmoon wiki mod has noticed that you're not posting new episode summary articles anymore.
I’ve been trying to put my finger on why Hades being depicted as a villain is so annoying in other media but works so well in Hadestown, and I think I’ve figured out why: Hadestown Hades isn’t the bad guy because he’s the god of the DEAD; instead, he’s the bad guy because he’s the god of WEALTH. Usually, whenever Hades appears in a movie or video game, he has some stupid motivation like “ughh I’m tired of being lord of the underworld I wanna be lord of everything” or “I’m the Greek mythology version of the western concept of Satan, fear me!!” but Hadestown really said screw that and made his motivation “I love my wife so much but we have a shitty marriage arrangement and her long absence combined with my severe self-doubt has lead me down the hellish road to corruption by all the riches under the ground.”
Sorry @exeiguess but your tags passed peer review. This is it exactly. The two are intertwined especially when it comes to discussions of labor and worker’s rights and exploitation, and THAT’S part of what makes him work so perfectly as the antagonist in Hadestown.
rereading pierce's early tortall books as an adult is like. they're not perfect. especially as someone brown and asian lol. but you can feel like that specific era of feminism coming off the page almost as a response to the state of the genre when it was written. the amount of times an older women would take a child or teen protagonist aside and be like just so you know you don't have to marry someone you slept with. no one can force you to be pregnant. contraceptive methods are easily available. sex workers deserve respect and care. you don't have to stay silent about abuse and despite our sexist society resources do exist to protect you. a womans body is her own. just a relentless focus on reproductive health specifically in her medieval fantasy books about dealing with gender roles
tag yourselves i’m studyology
Spring has begun; life is rekindled...
An extremely basic primer on Federal Cultural Resources Management Archaeology in the United States*
*by a person who is not an archaeologist
(Because several people have liked a comment I made explaining this in the notes of one of my Stargate posts, which indicates to me that people are going looking for an explanation of what the hell I’m talking about when I make obscure jokes about Daniel Jackson’s CRM cover story)
(But seriously I’m nowhere near an expert on this. If you want to know more after reading this I recommend digging into more reliable sources than your local tumblr user. Special thanks to @specialagentartemis (who is an archaeologist) for reviewing this post and helping me fill in holes I’d left.)
At the broadest level, cultural resources management is, well, managing cultural resources like archaeological sites. It’s an outgrowth of the modern archaeological philosophy which prioritizes preservation-in-place of archaeological data over exploitation of sites, because the fact is that excavation destroys the site. (modern archaeology does NOT go the Heinrich Schliemann route of blasting through layers of site to get to what we think will be the cool stuff. But even the most professional and responsible excavation still has you digging up the site, and you can only dig up a site once) You have to have good reason to believe that what you will learn from a site by excavating is worth the destruction to move forward, or you have to have good reason to believe the site will be destroyed anyway, and therefore what information can be preserved must be gathered via excavation.
That second portion—the site will be destroyed anyway, so we must go about it in an orderly and information-preserving way (or, alternatively, the site would be destroyed, but identifying the site allows us to force a change in plans which prevents the destruction)—is the most common focus of CRM, and is one of the primary concerns of archaeologists in the employ of the federal government.
In the United States, following this practice is mandated by law. The Federal government, publicly funded museums, and other governmentally-associated groups are required to not go around fucking up archaeological sites, stealing artifacts, and mishandling human remains. The most relevant of these laws to CRM work are:
The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA). [wikipedia page] [national parks service page]
- This is the most recent act on this list, passed in 1990, with an update in 2024. There are three main parts.
- The first is repatriation, which requires federal agencies or anyone getting federal funding (aka public universities, museums) to return or give control of cultural items (sacred artifacts, funerary items, objects of cultural patrimony, and human remains) to lineal descendants or culturally affiliated tribes of the people who produced them. (The parks service’s NAGPRA FAQ has precise legal definitions of these terms)
- As of 2025—35 years after it became law—only something like 48% of human remains known to be held by federal or federal-grant-receiving institutions had been returned. The 2024 update was meant to address this by strengthening tribal authority (closing a loophole where institutions could call remains “culturally unidentifiable” and keep them) and setting deadlines, (previously there really weren’t any consequences as long as institutions claimed to be working on it) but the process is still ongoing, and—in part due to resource issues (NAGPRA mandates work without by default funding work, and on both the institutional and tribal sides that can mean there simply aren’t the labor hours to move the process forward)—is unlikely to be completed anytime soon. [source]
- The second portion is disposition, which establishes procedures for the handling of Native American cultural items on federal lands, whether inadvertently discovered or intentionally excavated. In conjunction with the other acts, this is the part which directly impacts why military bases have archaeologists on staff—if they do construction and strike an archaeological site, they must then follow NAGPRA procedure. Note that this only applies to federal lands—private individuals discovering sites on private lands are not bound by NAGPRA.
- (That said, private individuals are still not allowed to own human remains found on private property, because when human remains are found, states require a coroner be called to investigate. The coroner+local archaeologists will determine if they’re ancient or modern, but even if ancient the private individual still can’t keep them because they’re in the coroner’s custody and coroners have rules about handling human remains.)
- The third portion makes it a criminal offense to traffic in Native American human remains or cultural items obtained in violation of the act.
- If you have ever heard of the Ancient One (Kennewick Man) that situation fell under the authority of NAGPRA.
The Antiquities Act of 1906 [wikipedia] [parks service]
- The oldest act on this list and the first law to provide for the legal protection of cultural resources on federal lands.
- In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, people could just. Take artifacts. And then sell them. This destroyed a great deal of archaeological information—there is very little to be learned from an artifact itself removed from its context compared to that artifact in situ (in place). Concern over this is what made congress move to prohibit the practice by law.
- It requires that people secure permission from federal land managers before doing any archaeological investigations or removing of objects on federal lands, and sets penalties for doing so without permission.
- It also gave the president the authority to establish national monuments so that’s why we have those. (The Trump Administration has been trying to reduce or remove protections on a number of these.)
The Archeological and Historic Preservation Act of 1974 (AHPA) (note, federal spelling: only one ‘a’ in archeology) [parks service page]
- (This is the one I always forget because its title is like a blend of the next two on the list)
- To quote the NPS page linked above: “AHPA is a salvage bill. It addresses the preservation of historical and archeological data that might otherwise be lost or destroyed through federally funded or licensed activities or programs.”
- It requires federal agencies to preserve historic/archaeological items that would without intentional preservation be lost or destroyed by the agencies’ projects or operations, and gives the secretary of the interior the authority to assist agencies with this and undertake studies related to the archaeological or historic resources at-risk.
The Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979 (ARPA) (idk why this one has the normal spelling instead of the federal spelling but it does) [Wikipedia] [Parks Service]
- Building on the earlier Antiquities Act and recognizing stronger protections were needed against intentional criminal looting, ARPA significantly strengthened the legal protections of archaeological resources.
- It laid out clearer processes and criminal penalties for violations, and strengthened the tools of law enforcement to prevent things like the trafficking of looted artifacts.
- The Antiquities Act had “unconstitutionally vague” penalties. ARPA, in contrast, lays out detailed regulations forbidding unauthorized excavation or removal of artifacts on federal or tribal lands, and also forbids buying/selling/transporting such items, with hefty fines and jail time attached, and any recovered artifacts will be confiscated.
- To quote someone I know, the Antiquities Act established an idea of what we wanted to protect, but ARPA had teeth.
The National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) [wikipedia] [parks service]
- Passed in 1966, NHPA is the most sweeping of the historic preservation laws. Frankly explaining all of it is beyond the scope of this post (and beyond my knowledge) but to hit the main points:
- NHPA established the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)
- It requires all federal agencies to establish their own historic preservation programs. (In conjunction with the secretary of the interior)
- It created the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, which advises the president, congress, and other federal agencies regarding matters of historic preservation.
- It determines a role for state and local governments and tribes in carrying out the act. States and tribes are responsible for identifying properties to be listed in the NRHP, and for assisting federal agencies in carrying out section 106 review.
- Section 106 review is a process which mandates federal agencies evaluate the impact of their activities (both direct federal projects and projects with federal approval or funding) on properties either listed in the NRHP or eligible to be. It allows interested parties to comment and consult on how best to avoid/minimize/mitigate adverse effects on historic properties.
- The Trump administration is currently trying to gut section 106
Taken together, these laws mean, essentially, that if the federal government wants to build something, they have to check if there is an archaeological site there first via methods like surveys and tribal consultations.
(Note: one way to fuck up big time in CRM is to blow off or ignore a tribe telling you there is a site somewhere. Especially in conjunction with a lazy or botched survey. Doing that and then hitting a big site is a great way to severely damage public relations and lose your client organization tens of millions of dollars. Yes, this is a thing that has happened many times. [example])
If a site is identified, either plans have to change (location of project can sometimes be shifted, as it was in the linked example above), or the site must be sufficiently excavated to scientific standard or otherwise protected in a way consistent with the interests of other parties (read: states and tribes) If an excavation takes place, then the agency must either repatriate cultural objects and human remains (If they are associated with Native American tribes in a way which falls under NAGPRA) or provide for their storage and preservation (if they are associated with some other cultural group—for example, items from the American Revolutionary or Civil Wars, or if they are associated with Native American Tribes but not covered by NAGPRA).
Cultural Resources Management archaeology doesn't get as much airplay as academic archaeology, but it’s a huge segment of the field. Especially for those archaeologists with a bachelor’s or master’s degree rather than a PhD. Most CRM archaeologists work for independent firms that contract with companies and governments, (this form of archaeologist employment is sometimes called ‘digbumming’ or ‘shovelbumming’ lol) but some work directly for the government agencies in question. They perform surveys, create reports, and in all other ways make sure the agencies behave in compliance with the law, up to and including the point at which contractors are brought in to handle excavation etc. Much of this work is either related to or administered by the Parks Service under the department of the interior, but the military has to handle a significant portion as well. This is because the military does a lot of construction on public lands, as well as things like wilderness training exercises and bomb/weapons testing which can impact sites. So anytime a branch of the military wants to build something new—army barracks, navy dockyards, air force runway, even a new parking lot—there's gonna be an archaeologist involved. Large projects may have whole teams.
All of this covers federal (and sometimes tribal) lands and activities. States and local governments can and do have their own laws concerning cultural resources, (and Section 106 mandates cooperation) which is why federal archeologists will work with the State Historic Preservation Office(r) (SHPO) (pronounced “Shipo”) as well as tribal historians and archaeologists (tribal governments sometimes have an equivalent Tribal Historic Preservation Officer, or THPO) (pronounced “tipo”). This applies even on overseas military bases, which must comply with both American federal law and any historic preservation laws in effect in the host country.
Historic preservation laws are in place for the protection of both knowledge in general and specifically the rights of indigenous peoples, which is why it is a good thing that the US military employs so many archeologists. The laws—and the people ensuring compliance with them—are a check on the actions of the federal government. In the current political climate, I think it’s obvious why we need as many such checks as possible. It is good that we have laws about this, it is good that the military has to follow them, and it is good that there is an entire segment of the field of archaeology dedicated to that goal.
secret organizations for studying paranormal phenomena are always calling the creatures they find like "specimen 58008" or some fake latin taxonomy or something vague and ominous like "the red angel" or whatever and thats all well and good but i want a story about a bunch of cryptozoologists going around naming things the way people name like actual birds and lizards and shit.
i want to get lost in the woods and meet the ring-tailed tree creeper and roger's false elk. i want a character who is desperate to prove this monster is actually a distinct species from that very similar looking monster so they can name it after themself. i want two field researchers narrowly escaping an encounter with some ten foot tall thing made of carnivorous vines and one of them is like wow wait til the guys back at the lab hear we got that close to a lesser thorn-backed bone eater 🙂 and the other scientist is like.,...... 😰lesser?
thank you for appreciating my boobs calculator joke but the real overlooked gem of this post is rogers false elk. basically this entire post was just an excuse to come up with a hypothetical monster called rogers false elk. its just so pleasing to me. does nobody care him? does nobody but me care for rogers false elk?










