Log InRegister
Quick Links : The Mindat ManualThe Rock H. Currier Digital LibraryMindat Newsletter [Free Download]
Home PageAbout MindatThe Mindat ManualHistory of MindatCopyright StatusWho We AreContact UsAdvertise on Mindat
Donate to MindatCorporate SponsorshipSponsor a PageSponsored PagesMindat AdvertisersAdvertise on Mindat
Learning CenterWhat is a mineral?The most common minerals on earthInformation for EducatorsMindat ArticlesThe ElementsThe Rock H. Currier Digital LibraryGeologic Time
Minerals by PropertiesMinerals by ChemistryMineral Visual ExplorerAdvanced Locality SearchRandom MineralRandom LocalitySearch by minIDLocalities Near MeSearch ArticlesSearch GlossaryMore Search Options
The Mindat ManualAdd a New PhotoRate PhotosLocality Edit ReportCoordinate Completion ReportAdd Glossary Item
Mining CompaniesStatisticsUsersMineral MuseumsClubs & OrganizationsMineral Shows & EventsThe Mindat DirectoryDevice SettingsThe Mineral QuizTime Machine
Photo SearchPhoto GalleriesSearch by ColorPhoto Colour ExplorerNew Photos TodayNew Photos YesterdayMembers' Photo GalleriesPast Photo of the Day GalleryPhotography

Uranospinite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.
Hide all sections | Show all sections

About UranospiniteHide

Formula:
Ca(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 10H2O
Colour:
Yellow, lemon-yellow to greenish yellow
Lustre:
Waxy, Pearly, Earthy
Hardness:
2 - 3
Specific Gravity:
3.45
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1873 by Albin Weisbach for the URANium content plus the Greek σπίυος "spinos", for "siskin," referring to the green color.
Often as fine-grained waxy to powdery light yellow coatings. Autunite Group.
May dehydrate to metauranospinite. Possible hydronium analogue is UM1997-19-AsO:HU.

A secondary mineral occurring in the oxidized zone of arsenic-bearing and uranium-bearing hydrothermal deposits.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
4113
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4113:9

Classification of UranospiniteHide

00572780017683530272384.jpg
The autunite-type sheet

The autunite-type sheet found in members of the autunite group.

IMA Classification of UranospiniteHide

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
8.EB.05

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
E : Uranyl phosphates and arsenates
B : UO2:RO4 = 1:1
40.2a.2.1

40 : HYDRATED NORMAL PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES
2a : AB2(XO4)2·xH2O, containing (UO2)2+
20.7.10

20 : Arsenates (also arsenates with phosphate, but without other anions)
7 : Arsenates of U

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference for Standard
UspIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of UranospiniteHide

Waxy, Pearly, Earthy
Transparency:
Translucent
Comment:
Luster pearly on {001}.
Colour:
Yellow, lemon-yellow to greenish yellow
Streak:
Very pale yellow
Hardness:
2 - 3 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Flexible
Cleavage:
Perfect
On {001}, perfect; on {100}, distinct.
Fracture:
Micaceous
Density:
3.45 g/cm3 (Measured)    3.30 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of UranospiniteHide

Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.550 nβ = 1.567 - 1.582 nγ = 1.572 - 1.587 nω = 1.572 - 1.587 nε = 1.550 - 1.560
2V:
Calculated: 50°
Birefringence:
0.024
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.022 - 0.027
Based on recorded range of RI values above.

Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.

Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
r > v moderate
Optical Extinction:
Parallel
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
O = Y = Z = Pale yellow E = X = Nearly colourless
Comments:
Commonly anomalously biaxial -, may be zoned.

Chemistry of UranospiniteHide

Mindat Formula:
Ca(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 10H2O
Element Weights:
Element% weight
U45.858 %
O33.906 %
As14.434 %
Ca3.861 %
H1.942 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Crystallography of UranospiniteHide

Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Class (H-M):
4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) - Ditetragonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:
P4/nmm
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.16 Å, c = 20.4 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 2.849
Unit Cell V:
1,045.82 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Crystals rare, tabular, flattened on {001}. Forms aggregates and crusts.
Comment:
Point Group/Class & Space Groups based on synthetic material and are probable.

Epitaxial Relationships of UranospiniteHide

Epitaxial Minerals:
'Zeunerite'Cu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2O
Epitaxy Comments:
Uranospinite may contain a core of zeunerite with the same crystallographic orientation.

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
10.16 Å(100)
5.13 Å(70)
4.90 Å(60)
3.56 Å(90)
3.39 Å(80)
2.52 Å(50b)
1.90 Å(60)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Geological Setting:
Oxidized zones of U- and As-bearing hydrothermal deposits.

Type Occurrence of UranospiniteHide

Place of Conservation of Type Material:
State Museum for Mineralogy and Geology, Dresden. Mining Academy, freiberg, Saxony, Germany: #21722.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Synonyms of UranospiniteHide

Other Language Names for UranospiniteHide

Simplified Chinese:钙砷铀云母
Spanish:Uranospinita
Traditional Chinese:鈣砷鈾雲母

Relationship of Uranospinite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:
Other Members of Autunite Group:
AutuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2OOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
BassetiteFe2+(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10H2OMon. 2/m
HeinrichiteBa(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 10H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
HydronováčekiteMg(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2OTric. 1 : P1
KahleriteFe(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2OTet. 4/m : P42/n
NováčekiteMg(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 10H2OMon. 2/m
RauchiteNi(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 10H2OTric. 1 : P1
SabugaliteHAl(UO2)4(PO4)4 · 16H2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
SaléeiteMg(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10H2OMon. 2/m
TorberniteCu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2OTet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4/mmm
UranocirciteBa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10H2OTet.
ZeuneriteCu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2OTet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4/mmm

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:
15 photos of Uranospinite associated with ZeuneriteCu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2O
4 photos of Uranospinite associated with UranophaneCa(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O
4 photos of Uranospinite associated with MetauranospiniteCa(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
4 photos of Uranospinite associated with FluoriteCaF2
3 photos of Uranospinite associated with ChamositeFe2+5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
2 photos of Uranospinite associated with 'Gummite'
2 photos of Uranospinite associated with TourmalineAD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
2 photos of Uranospinite associated with AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
2 photos of Uranospinite associated with AutuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O
2 photos of Uranospinite associated with GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

8.EB.Meta-autunite GroupA1-2(UO2)2(TO4)2 · 5-10H2O
8.EB.05RauchiteNi(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 10H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.EB.05UranocirciteBa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10H2OTet.
8.EB.05ZeuneriteCu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2OTet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4/mmm
8.EB.05MetarauchiteNi(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.EB.05HeinrichiteBa(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 10H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.EB.05KahleriteFe(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2OTet. 4/m : P42/n
8.EB.05HydronováčekiteMg(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.EB.05TorberniteCu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2OTet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4/mmm
8.EB.05NováčekiteMg(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 10H2OMon. 2/m
8.EB.05AutuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2OOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
8.EB.05SaléeiteMg(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10H2OMon. 2/m
8.EB.05Xiangjiangite(Fe3+,Al)(UO2)4(PO4)2(SO4)2(OH) · 22H2OTet.
8.EB.10BassetiteFe2+(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10H2OMon. 2/m
8.EB.10LehneriteMn2+(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m
8.EB.10Meta-autuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2OTet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m)
8.EB.10MetasaléeiteMg(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 8H2O
8.EB.10MetauranocirciteBa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 7H2OMon. 2 : P21
8.EB.10MetauranospiniteCa(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2OTet. 4/m : P42/n
8.EB.10MetaheinrichiteBa(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2OMon. 2 : P21
8.EB.10MetakahleriteFe2+(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.EB.10MetakirchheimeriteCo(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.EB.10MetanováčekiteMg(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2OTet. 4/m : P4/n
8.EB.10MetanatroautuniteNa(UO2)(PO4)(H2O)3Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/ncc
8.EB.10MetatorberniteCu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 8H2OTet. 4/m : P4/n
8.EB.10MetazeuneriteCu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2OTet. 4/m : P42/n
8.EB.10PrzhevalskitePb2(UO2)3(PO4)2(OH)4 · 3H2OTet.
8.EB.10'Pseudo-autunite'(H3O)4Ca2(UO2)2(PO4)4 · 5H2OOrth.
8.EB.15AbernathyiteK(UO2)(AsO4) · 3H2OTet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/ncc
8.EB.15Uramphite(NH4)2(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2OTet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nmm
8.EB.15Meta-ankoleiteK2(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2OTet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nmm
8.EB.15NatrouranospiniteNa2(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 5H2OTet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nmm
8.EB.15Trögerite(H3O)(UO2)(AsO4) · 3H2OTet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nmm
8.EB.15Chernikovite(H3O)2(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2OTet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nmm
8.EB.15Uramarsite(NH4)(UO2)(AsO4) · 3H2OTet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/mmm
8.EB.20ChistyakovaiteAl(UO2)2(AsO4)2(F,OH) · 6.5H2OMon.
8.EB.20ThreadgolditeAl(UO2)2(PO4)2(OH) · 8H2OMon.
8.EB.25Uranospathite(Al,◻)(UO2)2(PO4)2F · 20(H2O,F)Orth. mm2 : Pnn2
8.EB.25ArsenuranospathiteAl(UO2)2(AsO4)2F · 20H2OOrth. mm2 : Pnn2
8.EB.30Vochtenite(Fe2+,Mg)Fe3+(UO2)4(PO4)4(OH) · 12-13H2OMon.
8.EB.35CoconinoiteFe3+2Al2(UO2)2(PO4)4(SO4)(OH)2 · 20H2OMon.
8.EB.40RanunculiteHAl(UO2)(PO4)(OH)3 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
8.EB.45TrianguliteAl3(UO2)4(PO4)4(OH)5 · 5H2OTric.
8.EB.50FurongiteAl13(UO2)7(PO4)13(OH)14 · 58H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.EB.55ArsenosabugaliteH0.5Al0.5(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.EB.55SabugaliteHAl(UO2)4(PO4)4 · 16H2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
8.EB.60Horákite(Bi7O7OH)[(UO2)4(PO4)2(AsO4)2(OH)2] · 3.5H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b

RadioactivityHide

Radioactivity:
Element % Content Activity (Bq/kg) Radiation Type
Uranium (U) 45.8575% 11,464,375 α, β, γ
Thorium (Th) 0.0000% 0 α, β, γ
Potassium (K) 0.0000% 0 β, γ

For comparison:

  • Banana: ~15 Bq per fruit
  • Granite: 1,000–3,000 Bq/kg
  • EU exemption limit: 10,000 Bq/kg

Note: Risk is shown relative to daily recommended maximum exposure to non-background radiation of 1000 µSv/year. Note that natural background radiation averages around 2400 µSv/year so in reality these risks are probably extremely overstated! With infrequent handling and safe storage natural radioactive minerals do not usually pose much risk.

Interactive Simulator:

Note: The mass selector refers to the mass of radioactive mineral present, not the full specimen, also be aware that the matrix may also be radioactive, possibly more radioactive than this mineral!

Activity:

DistanceDose rateRisk
1 cm
10 cm
1 m

The external dose rate (D) from a radioactive mineral is estimated by summing the gamma radiation contributions from its Uranium, Thorium, and Potassium content, disregarding daughter-product which may have a significant effect in some cases (eg 'pitchblende'). This involves multiplying the activity (A, in Bq) of each element by its specific gamma ray constant (Γ), which accounts for its unique gamma emissions. The total unshielded dose at 1 cm is then scaled by the square of the distance (r, in cm) and multiplied by a shielding factor (μshield). This calculation provides a 'worst-case' or 'maximum risk' estimate because it assumes the sample is a point source and entirely neglects any self-shielding where radiation is absorbed within the mineral itself, meaning actual doses will typically be lower. The resulting dose rate (D) is expressed in microsieverts per hour (μSv/h).

D = ((AU × ΓU) + (ATh × ΓTh) + (AK × ΓK)) / r2 × μshield

Fluorescence of UranospiniteHide

Bright lemon-yellow (UV).

Other InformationHide

Notes:
Radioactive.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for UranospiniteHide

References for UranospiniteHide

Reference List:

Localities for UranospiniteHide

Showing 72 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
Hide all sections | Show all sections

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina
 
  • La Rioja Province
    • Vinchina department
      • Jagüé
        • Sierra de Cumichango
          • Quebrada de Cumichango
Las Especies Minerales de La Republica ...
  • San Juan Province
    • Sarmiento Department
      • Jagüel
        • San Santiago deposit
Encyclopedia of Minerals
Australia
 
  • South Australia
    • District Council of Yankalilla
      • Myponga
South Australian Museum collections / ... +3 other references
    • Pastoral Unincorporated Area
      • Radium Hill area
SA Geodata Database - Mineral Deposit ...
Austria
 
  • Salzburg
    • St. Johann im Pongau District
Paar et al. (1978)
      • Mühlbach am Hochkönig
Strasser (1989)
China
 
  • Guangxi
    • Guilin
      • Ziyuan Co.
        • Miaoershan Uranium ore field (Ziyuan Uranium ore field)
Shaohua Shi et al. (2011)
Czech Republic
 
  • Central Bohemian Region
    • Příbram District
      • Háje
Pauliš P. et al. (Kutna Hora, issue 1) +1 other reference
- (Pavel Škácha coll.)
  • Karlovy Vary Region
    • Karlovy Vary District
Hloušek et al. (2002)
    • Sokolov District
Pauliš P. et al. (Kutna Hora, issue 1)
Petr Pauliš
  • Olomouc Region
    • Jeseník District
      • Javorník
        • Zálesí
Sejkora (1994)
Europe
 
  • Ore Mountains
Paulis et al. (2003)
France
 
  • Nouvelle-Aquitaine
    • Haute-Vienne
      • Bellac
        • Compreignac
Queneau (n.d.)
  • Occitanie
    • Hérault
      • Lodève
        • Le Bosc
Frédéric Bonnet Collection
        • Le Puech
Dal Bo et al. (2018)
        • Lodève
- (1998)
Germany
 
  • Baden-Württemberg
    • Freiburg Region
      • Rottweil
        • Schenkenzell
          • Wittichen
            • Böckelsbach valley
            • Burgfelsen
Walenta (1992)
            • Heubach Valley
Walenta (1992)
            • Wüstenbächle
Walenta (1992)
      • Waldshut
        • Dachsberg
          • Urberg
Walenta (1992)
        • St Blasien
          • Menzenschwand
Möhn et al. (11/2020)
            • Vorderdorf
Weiß (1990)
    • Karlsruhe Region
      • Freudenstadt
        • Alpirsbach
          • Reinerzau mining district
            • Auerhahn Inn
Walenta (1992)
Walenta (1992)
  • Bavaria
    • Lower Franconia
      • Aschaffenburg District
        • Sailauf
          • Hartkoppe
  • Rhineland-Palatinate
    • Bad Kreuznach
      • Rüdesheim
        • Niederhausen
N. Jb. Miner. Abh. 115 (1971)
    • Birkenfeld
      • Birkenfeld
        • Ellweiler
Aufschluss 69/ (7+8) +1 other reference
    • Donnersbergkreis
      • Winnweiler
        • Winnweiler
Weiß (1990)
  • Saxony
    • Erzgebirgskreis
      • Annaberg-Buchholz
        • Kleinrückerswalde
Möhn et al. (07/2020)
      • Schneeberg
        • Neustädtel
          • Weißer Hirsch Mine (shaft 3)
A. Weisbach (1873) +1 other reference
Greece
 
  • Attica
    • East Attica
      • Lavreotiki
        • Plaka
          • Paliokamariza Mines (Paleokamariza Mines)
Branko Rieck collection (EDS and SXRD analyses) +3 other references
Iran
 
  • Isfahan Province
    • Nain County
      • Anarak District
Bariand et al. (1993)
Italy
 
  • Piedmont
    • Cuneo Province
      • Bagnolo Piemonte
Piccoli (2002) +1 other reference
Marello et al. (2013)
      • Canosio
Piccoli et al. (2007)
Kazakhstan
 
  • Jetisu Region
    • Alakol District
Sidorenko et al. (2007)
Morocco
 
  • Drâa-Tafilalet Region
    • Ouarzazate Province
      • Amerzgane Cercle
        • Ouisselsate Caïdat
ONA
Favreau et al. (2006)
Favreau et al. (2006)
Poland
 
  • Lower Silesian Voivodeship
    • Karkonosze County
      • Gmina Stara Kamienica
Mochnacka et al. (2000) +1 other reference
      • Kowary
Siuda R. et al. (2008) +1 other reference
Łukasz Kruszewski (pers. comm., to be updated) +4 other references
    • Lubin County
Kucha (2021)
    • Polkowice County
      • Gmina Polkowice
Kucha (2021)
Russia
 
  • Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
    • Chukchi Peninsula (Chukotka Peninsula; Chukotski Peninsula)
Alekseev (2025)
  • Zabaykalsky Krai
    • Krasnokamensky District
      • Krasnokamensk
Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.)
South Africa
 
  • Western Cape
    • Central Karoo District Municipality
      • Beaufort West Local Municipality
        • Beaufort West
Cairncross et al. (1995)
Switzerland
 
  • Valais
    • Saint-Maurice
      • Salvan
        • Les Marécottes
          • La Creusaz
Stalder et al. (1998)
Tajikistan
 
  • Sughd
    • Kandjol ore field
Chernikov et al. (1997)
UK
 
  • England
    • Cornwall
      • Carn Brea
        • Carnkie
          • Basset Mines
Golley et al. (1995)
  • Scotland
    • Dumfries and Galloway
      • Dalbeattie
Day (1999)
USA
 
  • Arizona
    • Coconino County
      • Cameron Mining District
        • Cameron
          • Huskon Mines (Huskon group)
Scarborough (1981)
      • Orphan Mining District
        • Grand Canyon Village
Anthony et al. (1995) +1 other reference
  • Colorado
    • Jefferson County
      • Ralston Buttes Mining District
Page et al. (1956) +2 other references
    • San Juan County
      • Elk Park
Eckel et al. (1997)
  • Michigan
    • Baraga County
      • Huron River
Carlson et al. (2007)
  • Nevada
    • Washoe County
      • Pyramid Mining District
NBMG Bull 70 Geology and Mineral ...
Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference
  • New Hampshire
    • Grafton County
      • Grafton
Morrill +1 other reference
  • New Jersey
    • Sussex County
      • Ogdensburg
        • Sterling Hill
Dunn (1995) +1 other reference
  • New Mexico
    • Socorro County
      • Ladron Mountains Mining District
Lalith Aditya Senthil Kumar Collection
  • Oregon
    • Lake County
      • Lakeview
Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology NBMG ...
  • Utah
    • Emery County
DANA R. KELLEY AND PAUL F. KERR (1958)
    • Juab County
Bullock (1981)
    • Kane County
Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference
  • Wyoming
Hausel et al. (2001)
Uzbekistan
 
  • Namangan Region
    • Pop District
Pekov (1998) +1 other reference
 
Mindat.org® is an outreach project of the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization. Mindat® and mindat.org® are registered trademarks of the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy.
Copyright © mindat.org and the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy 1993-2026, except where stated. Most political location boundaries are © OpenStreetMap contributors. Mindat.org relies on the contributions of thousands of members and supporters. Founded in 2000 by Jolyon Ralph and Ida Chau.
To cite: Ralph, J., Von Bargen, D., Martynov, P., Zhang, J., Que, X., Prabhu, A., Morrison, S. M., Li, W., Chen, W., & Ma, X. (2025). Mindat.org: The open access mineralogy database to accelerate data-intensive geoscience research. American Mineralogist, 110(6), 833–844. doi:10.2138/am-2024-9486.
Privacy Policy - Terms & Conditions - Contact Us / DMCA issues - Report a bug/vulnerability Current server date and time: May 21, 2026 00:50:33 Page updated: May 9, 2026 22:05:40
Go to top of page