laparoscopy

Philipp Bozzini, the father of endoscopy, Adolf Kussmaul who used sunlight as an artificial light source and known by some authors as the father of gastroenterology, Max Nitze who developed and used cystoscopy, Johann von Mikulicz-Radecki who used rigid gastroscopy for the first time, Dimitrij Oscarovic Ott who performed the first peritoneoscopy with tube endoscopy at the same time with Georg Kelling are all surgeons who demonstrated their skills in the endoscopic area as well (8, 15).

Infection during natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery peritoneoscopy: a randomized comparative study in a survival porcine model.

Jagannath et al., "Flexible transgastric peritoneoscopy: a novel approach to diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in the peritoneal cavity," Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, vol.

The peritoneoscopy can be done at the bedside or in a treatment room, and can decrease the risk of leaks and outflow failure, as well as improve catheter survival (Maffei et al., 1992; Nahman et al., 1992).

Starting in 1967, Semm (53), transformed what was called at the time "peritoneoscopy" into modern laparoscopy by improving the optical system, removing the source of light from the abdominal cavity and creating an automatic control of gas insufflations into the abdomen.

Symptoms and investigative findings in 145 patients with tuberculosis peritonitis diagnosed by peritoneoscopy and biopsy over a five year period.

The diagnosis of CH-C was based on the following: increased serum alanine aminotransferase for at least 6 months; the presence of serum HCV RNA by reverse transcription followed by nested PCR targeted to the 5' noncoding region (18); and the presence of chronic active hepatitis on liver biopsy obtained through peritoneoscopy. Twenty-nine CH-C patients received an intravenous injection of 3 x [10.sup.6] units of human fibroblast-derived IFN-[beta] (Feron; Toray Industries Inc.) twice a day or an intramuscular injection of 10 x [10.sup.6] units of recombinant or natural IFN [rIFN-[alpha]2b (Schering Plough) or CIF (Otsuka Pharmaceutical Inc.), respectively] for 2-4 weeks.

* 1937--Hope suggested use of peritoneoscopy in differential diagnosis of ectopic gestation and reported 10 cases of ectopic gestation.