The Crusades: an encyclopedia

Quaestiones Medii Aevi Novae, 2023

Fulcher of Chartres (1058/59-1127), a chaplain of Baldwin of Boulogne, the first Latin king of Jerusalem (1100-1118), in his work Historia Hierosolymitana, reflecting on the strategic situation of Christians in Palestine after the events of the First Crusade, noted: "Truly it is manifest to all that it was a wonderful miracle that we lived among so many thousands of thousands and as their conquerors made some of them our tributaries and ruined others by plundering them and making them captives". Thus, the Crusaders were conquerors, [...] Therefore, it is important to consider what the Crusaders’ ambitions were and how far could they reach in the first period after the capture of Jerusalem?

A little more than a month before he planned to go on crusade to the Holy Land,

Normandy, 1066-1217 respectively, both of whom discuss the mechanics and purposes of certain aspects of medieval warfare. 3 David Bachrach, on the other hand, focuses on the role religion and religious rites had to play in medieval warfare in his book Religion and the Conduct of War, c. 300-c. 1215. 4 A paper concerning Richard the Lionheart's role in the Third Crusade would be incomplete without discussing the works concerning the king and his legacy. The two principal scholars on either side of the Richard debate are John Gillingham, author of Richard I and many other works concerning the Lionheart, and Jean Flori, author of Richard the Lionheart: King and Knight. Gillingham is a Richard apologist, restoring the recently lost reputation of the monarch through understanding the truth that existed behind the legend.

Journal of Medieval History, 2019

This article investigates the family backgrounds of aristocratic participants in the First Crusade. Through an examination of these it explores the ways in which their decision to join the crusade was influenced by the examples of the previous generation of conquerors, the participants in the invasion of Sicily in 1061, the expedition to England in 1066 and the conflicts on the Iberian peninsula. In this way it opens a discussion about the motives and expectation of the First Crusaders. It argues that dreams of conquest and the desire to match an older generation’s martial and political achievements may have been as important a factor in motivating crusaders as religious ideals.

A discussion about Richard I's involvement in the Third Crusade and the legitamacy of modern day claims of his character.

Settlement and Crusade in the Thirteenth Century - Multidisciplinary Studies of the Latin East, 2021

2017

The British Historical Society of Portugal Newsletter, 2023

In 1187, Sultan Saladin of Egypt captured Jerusalem and, as a result, revived the relatively dormant enthusiasm for crusading. As was the case during the Second Crusade, a large fleet of crusaders from the lower ranks of the nobility and the merchant casts of the Anglo-Norman domains, the Rhineland, Flanders, Friesland and elsewhere in northern Europe heeded the call for a Crusade proclaimed by Pope Gregory VIII and organised by his successor Pope Clement III. This article explains why so many low-ranking crusaders decided to travel by sea to the Holy Land during the Third Crusade and the consequences for Portugal. Also, it considers why, after half a century of relative inactivity of the northern European crusaders in Iberia, these new contingents understood the importance of the wars there, within the revived crusading ideology of the period.

In: Mercenaries and Crusaders. Ed. Attila Barany. (Debrecen) 61-86. ISBN 9789634905547, 2024

This volume is the proceedings of an international conference "Mercenaries and Crusaders (1202-1480)" held between 22-24 June 2022 at the University of Debrecen (https://mercenariesandcrusaders.com/). It was organised and the proceedings have been edited under the auspices of the HUN-REN (Hungarian