BackgroundBreast cancer patients are at elevated risk of depression during treatment, thus provoking the chance of poor clinical outcomes. This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate whether integrating Chinese herbal medicines citation into conventional cancer therapy could decrease the risk of depression in the long-term breast cancer survivors.MethodsA cohort of patients aged 20–70 years and with newly diagnosed breast cancer during 2000–2008 was identified from a nationwide claims database. In this study, we focused solely on survivors of breast cancer at (...) least1 year after diagnosis. After one-to-one matching for age, sex, and baseline comorbidities, breast cancer patients who received and did not receive CHM treatment were enrolled. The incidence rate and hazard ratio citation for depression between the two groups was estimated at the end of 2012. A Cox proportional hazard model was constructed to examine the impact of the CHM use on the risk of depression.ResultsDuring the study period, the incidence rate of depression was significantly lower in the treated cohort than in the untreated cohort [8.57 compared with 11.01 per 1,000 person-years citation], and the adjusted HR remained significant at 0.74 in a Cox proportional hazards regression model. The corresponding risk further decreasing to 43% among those using CHM for more than 1 year.ConclusionFinding from this investigation indicated that the lower risk of depression observed in breast cancer patients treated with CHM, suggesting that CHM treatment should be considered for disease management toward breast cancer. Yet, the optimal administered dose should be determined in further clinical trials. (shrink)

Explaining how stereotypes and norms influence role-identities during reflected appraisal processes, we develop a theory about diverse groups of minority men—the “minority masculinity stress theory”—and apply it to Asian American men. We conceptually integrate hegemonic masculinity, stereotypes, and mental health to examine how Asian American men experience masculinity and how their experiences are uniquely stressful. We analyze elicited text from an open-ended questionnaire to explain two experiences of masculinity-related stress: trying to live up to the masculine ideal and enacting work-related (...) role-identities. Regarding the former, we discuss four illustrations—toughness, body image, restrictive emotionality, and heterosexuality—and two involving the latter—achiever and provider. We found that Asian American men receive stereotypical reflected appraisals that contradict potentially positive self-concepts and emphasize achievement beyond typical standards of hegemonic masculinity. Moreover, Asian American men’s role-identities contradict hegemonic masculinity, resulting in reflected appraisals that predispose them toward stress. (shrink)

Nanotechnology shows great promise in a variety of applications with attractive economic and societal benefits. However, societal issues associated with nanotechnology are still a concern to the general public. While numerous technological advancements in nanotechnology have been achieved over the past decade, research into the broader societal issues of nanotechnology is still in its early phases. Based on the data from the Web of Science database, we applied the main path analysis, cluster analysis and text mining tools to explore the (...) main research fronts and hierarchical structure of these societal issues. We found that the research studies fell into four categories: "General Toxicity and EHS (Environment, Health and Safety)," "Medicine and Cytotoxicity," "Assessment and Regulation," and "Environment and Ecotoxicity." These research studies have disclosed much information about the potential effect of nanotechnology on public health and the environment. Relatively speaking, the studies on the assessment, regulation, preventive solutions, and environmental protection are just emerging. This finding indicates that an abundance of effort should be conducted on these emerging themes to maximize the benefits of nanotechnology while minimizing its potential harm. The implications for various parties in this domain are also presented. (shrink)

The aim of this article is to report the results of therapy sessions conducted with survivors of an earthquake that struck Luku Township in Nantou County, central Taiwan, in September 1999. The sessions explored survivors’ feelings, interactions, and interpretations of the crisis, as well as their roles in post-earthquake relief efforts. The participants were teachers and administrators from four primary schools. The results indicated three distinct forms of caring, namely: encumbered caring, connected caring, and reflected caring. The findings were used (...) to construct a framework for caregiver self-monitoring. They also suggest that therapy groups provide an inner space that self-regulates the frustrations arising from this type of experience, for both caregivers and survivors. The intrasubjective and intersubjective dialogues within the groups are essentially reflective practices for improving services and generating new knowledge about medical ethics. (shrink)

The mechanistic significance of a kinetic isotope effect on a cytochrome P‐450catalyzed reaction depends, fundamentally, on the nature of the interaction of the substrate with the active site of the enzyme as well as on the nature of the chemistry of the reaction catalyzed. Consequently, kinetic isotope effects can be used to extract information on the topology of the enzyme and the mechanism of substrate oxidation. Kinetic isotope effect studies are sometimes accompanied by ‘metabolic switching’ or a change in metabolic (...) pathway, catalyzed either by the same enzyme or by a different enzyme. For the specific case where ‘metabolic switching’ gives rise to a change in regional specificity for the cytochrome P‐450 catalyzed metabolism of a compound, this change can be explained in terms of the topological constraints on substrate binding imposed by the active site of the enzyme. (shrink)

Resumen Con excepción de algunas tipificaciones generales, el contenido de los delirios no suele abordarse con la profundidad que merece. Uno de los motivos puede ser la predominancia clínica que la forma tiene por sobre el contenido delirante, tanto para su descripción como para el desarrollo de posibles tratamientos. La dimensión de genero para analizar los delirios suele reducirse a sus implicancias estructurales: ciertas diferencias, medibles y observables, entre hombres y mujeres cis-género. En el presente ensayo mi objetivo será explorar (...) el contenido de los delirios en el marco de los alcances simbólicos de las normativas de género. Defendiendo una continuidad entre nuestras creencias ordinarias y las creencias delirantes, sostendré que hay motivos para suponer que los valores cis-heteronormativos, que implican reconocernos como hombres o mujeres, son constitutivos de nuestras experiencias, incluyendo las delirantes. Desde la perspectiva de la segunda persona propondré reconceptualizar la escucha de la narrativa delirante utilizando estratégicamente tales valores para desarrollar un espacio de creencias compartidas. Caracterizaré el delirio, tanto en estructura como en contenido, como un indicador de posibles conflictos respecto de las relaciones de segunda persona que la persona que lo vive tiene con sus vínculos significativos. Sostendré que la revalorización clínica del contenido delirante cobra sentido para el reconocimiento recíproco entre quien escucha y quien narra la experiencia delirante. Abstract With the exception of some general typifications, the content of delusions is not usually approached with the depth it deserves. One of the reasons for this may be the clinical predominance that form has over delusional content, both for its description and for the development of possible treatments. The gender dimension of delusions is usually reduced to their structural implications: certain measurable and observable differences between cis-gender men and women. In the present essay my aim will be to explore the content of delusions in the framework of the symbolic scope of gender norms. Arguing for a continuum between our ordinary beliefs and delusional beliefs, I will argue that there is reason to suppose that cis-heteronormative values, which involve recognizing ourselves as either male or female, are constitutive of our experiences, including delusional ones. From the perspective of the second person I will propose to reconceptualize listening to the delusional narrative by strategically using such values to develop a shared belief space. I will characterize delirium, both in structure and content, as an indicator of possible conflicts regarding the second-person relationships that the person experiencing it has with significant others. I will argue that the clinical revaluation of the delusional content makes sense for the reciprocal recognition between the listener and the narrator of the delusional experience. (shrink)

Bu çalışmanın amacı, tasavvuf düşüncesinin önemli yorumcularından biri olan Molla Câmî’nin a‘yân-ı sâbite anlayışını ortaya koymak ve bu kavramın kazâ-kader, insan fiilleri ve yaratma teorisiyle olan ontolojik ilişkisini incelemektir. Vahdet-i vücûd düşüncesinin en temel kavramlarından olan a‘yân-ı sâbite, Câmî’ye göre ilahî ilimde bulunan sâbit hakikatler; haricî ve somut bir varlığa sahip olmayan, ezelî ve ebedî olarak değişmeyen maʻkûl suretlerdir. Bu sâbit hakikatler hüküm, eser ve nitelikleri vasıtasıyla dış dünyada zuhur etmektedirler. Câmî’ye göre kazâ varlıkların aynlarına dair ilahî hükmü; kader ise (...) bu hükmün tafsili, yani varlıkların istidat ve kabiliyetlerine göre belirli zaman ve sebeplere bağlı olarak tahakkuk etmesidir. Bu tarif, Eşʻarîlerin kazâ-kader tanımıyla uyuşmaktadır. Ancak Câmî, “kaderin sırrı” ve “kaderin sırrının sırrı” formülasyonlarıyla kader meselesini vahdet-i vücûd ontolojisi üzerinden yorumlamaktadır. Buna göre kaderin sırrı, her bir aynın a‘yân-ı sâbitede belirlenmiş kabiliyetine göre varlıkta zuhûr etmesi; kaderin sırrının sırrı ise ilahî zâtta bulunan değişmeyen nisbet ve şe’nlerdir. Bu nisbet ve şe’nlerin değişmediği vurgusu, ilahî ilmin maluma tâbi oluşu ilkesiyle ilişkilidir; Câmî bu ilke sayesinde ilahî ilmin varlıklar üzerinde zorlayıcı bir tesirinin bulunmadığını ileri sürer. Câmî mantalitesinde insan fiilleri yaratma bakımından Allah’a, kesb bakımından ise kula nispet edilmekle birlikte; kulun fiili, mutlak varlığın kulun mertebesine tenezzül ederek onun istidadına göre kayıtlanıp zuhur etmesi olarak izah edilmektedir. Câmî bu tenezzül ve kayıtlanmayı kulun ihtiyarî fiili olarak adlandırmaktadır. Kudret ve fiilin kula nispet edilmesi ise Hakk’ın kulda kudret ve fiil suretinde zuhuru bakımından olup kudret ve fiiller hakikatte Hakk’a nispet edilir. Bu nedenle Câmî, kulun fiil üzerinde doğrudan bir tesirinin olmadığını ifade eder. Bununla birlikte Câmî, mutlak cebir anlayışını kulun istidat ve kabiliyetine dayanan bir kesb teorisiyle aşmayı hedefler. Câmî, yaratmayı Hakk’ın vücûdunun a‘yân-ı sâbitelere bürünmesi olarak açıklar. Yaratmanın sürekliliği bağlamında, âlemin sadece arazlar değil bütün cüzleriyle her an yenilendiğini savunur ve bu sürekli yaratılış hadisesini Hakk’ın mütekabil isimlerinin faal oluşuyla ilişkilendirir. Yaratmayla ilgili diğer bir husus da Câmî’nin, bazı eserlerinde yaratmanın zaruretine veya vücubuna ilişkin ifadelerine yer vermesidir. Ona göre âlem, ayn-ı vâhidde toplanan arazların toplamından ibaret olup bu ayn-ı vâhid, vücûdun hakikatidir; bütün cevher ve arazlar onunla kaimdir. Çalışmanın önemli bulgularından biri, Câmî’nin kazâ-kader ve insan fiilleri meselesinde kelamî terminolojiyi kullanmakla birlikte, bunları vahdet-i vücûd düşüncesi bağlamında ontolojik düzeyde temellendirdiğini ortaya koymasıdır. Araştırmanın ulaştığı nihaî sonuç, Câmî’nin dayanan a‘yân-ı sâbite doktrini vasıtasıyla vahdet-i vücûd düşüncesine Allah âlem-insan modeli inşa ettiği; kelam ilminin kazâ-kader, insan fiilleri ve kesb görüşünü ontolojik zemine taşıyarak kulun kabiliyet ve istidadıyla ilişkilendirdiği yönündedir. (shrink)

© 2014 Berlemont, Allison, Weihe, Lu, Brodie, Martiny and Martiny.In many ecosystems, global changes are likely to profoundly affect microorganisms. In Southern California, changes in precipitation and nitrogen deposition may influence the composition and functional potential of microbial communities and their resulting ability to degrade plant material. To test whether such environmental changes impact the distribution of functional groups involved in leaf litter degradation, we determined how the genomic diversity of microbial communities in a semi-arid grassland ecosystem changed under reduced (...) precipitation or increased N deposition. We monitored communities seasonally over a period of 2 years to place environmental change responses into the context of natural variation. Fungal and bacterial communities displayed strong seasonal patterns, Fungi being mostly detected during the dry season whereas Bacteria were common during wet periods. Most putative cellulose degraders were associated with 33 bacterial genera and predicted to constitute 18% of the microbial community. Precipitation reduction reduced bacterial abundance and cellulolytic potential whereas nitrogen addition did not affect the cellulolytic potential of the microbial community. Finally, we detected a strong correlation between the frequencies of genera of putative cellulose degraders and cellulase genes. Thus, microbial taxonomic composition was predictive of cellulolytic potential. This work provides a framework for how environmental changes affect microorganisms responsible for plant litter deconstruction. (shrink)

Over the past decades, anti-cancer treatments have evolved rapidly from cytotoxic chemotherapies to targeted therapies including oral targeted medications and injectable immunooncology and cell therapies. New anti-cancer medications come to markets at increasingly high prices, and health insurance coverage is crucial for patient access to these therapies. State laws are intended to facilitate insurance coverage of anti-cancer therapies.Using Massachusetts as a case study, we identified five current cancer coverage state laws and interviewed experts on their perceptions of the relevance of (...) the laws and how well they meet the current needs of cancer care given rapid changes in therapies. Interviewees emphasized that cancer therapies, as compared to many other therapeutic areas, are unique because insurance legislation targets their coverage. They identified the oral chemotherapy parity law as contributing to increasing treatment costs in commercial insurance. For commercial insurers, coverage mandates combined with the realities of new cancer medications — including high prices and often limited evidence of efficacy at approval — compound a difficult situation. Respondents recommended policy approaches to address this challenging coverage environment, including the implementation of closed formularies, the use of cost-effectiveness studies to guide coverage decisions, and the application of value-based pricing concepts. Given the evolution of cancer therapeutics, it may be time to evaluate the benefits and challenges of cancer coverage mandates. (shrink)

En este texto abordo una de las propuestas ontológicas, epistémicas y metodológicas que sintetiza mejor el trabajo de las epistemologías feministas sobre cómo conceptualizar las nociones de género y sexo, así como su relación en el ámbito biológico. Describo los alcances y limitaciones de esta propuesta y muestro que la propia noción de sexo implica un sesgo androcéntrico desde el que se legitima la dicotomía endógeno/exógeno, un reduccionismo funcional, la idea de coherencia interna y la reducción de nuestra complejidad biológica (...) a los rasgos vinculados con la reproducción respecto a las diferencias biológicas en general y, como mostraré, en el ámbito biomédico en particular al caracterizar las prevalencias y el desarrollo de enfermedades. En contraste, propongo la idea de epigenealogía para una reconceptualización histórica de nuestra materialidad biológica capaz de profundizar en cómo nuestra plasticidad a través de los procesos epigenéticos danza sincrónicamente con nuestra experiencia social, contingente y situada. (shrink)

“Hay un amplio cielo azul. Debajo estoy yo, parada en una esquina del jardín. Mucha gente conoce a mis padres, y la mayoría me conoce a mí; algunos conocen el jardín y hay quienes inclusive caminaron hasta este rincón. Pero yo, entre todas las personas que hay bajo el cielo, soy la única que conoce a este pequeño retoño de manzana. Por eso puedo decir sin insolencia que en realidad me pertenece, porque cuando estoy lejos no le queda más remedio (...) que existir en mis pensamientos. Pienso: ¿Qué es lo qué pienso?”. (shrink)

© 2016 Human Kinetics, Inc.Consensus has yet to be achieved on whether obesity is inexorably tied to poor fitness. We tested the hypothesis that appropriate reference of cardiopulmonary exercise testing variables to lean body mass would eliminate differences in fitness between high-BMI and normal-BMI, otherwise-healthy children and adolescents typically seen when referencing body weight. We measured body composition with dual X-ray absorptiometry and CPET variables from cycle ergometry using both peak values and submaximal exercise slopes. In contrast to our hypothesis, (...) referencing to LBM tended to lessen, but did not eliminate, the differences in males and females;.WR/.HR differed between the two groups in females but not males. The mean percent predicted values for all CPET variables were below 100% in the high-BMI group. The pattern of CPET abnormalities suggested a pervasive impairment of O2 delivery in the high-BMI group. Tailoring lifestyle interventions to the specific fitness capabilities of each child may be one of the ways to stem what has been an intractable epidemic. (shrink)

In this paper, we introduce and investigate a new class of Pascal-like matrices constructed using double F-factorial binomial coefficients, in which the standard factorial function is replaced by the Fibonacci factorial. We first define the double F-factorial binomial coefficient and employ it to generate a bivariate polynomial sequence incorporating both Fibonacci and Lucas factorial terms. Fundamental recurrence relations for the coefficients of these polynomials are established. Using these relations, we construct a $F$-Pascal-like matrix, denoted by $P_{t}\left ( u,v\right )_{F},$ and (...) derive several of its algebraic properties, including matrix factorization, power identities, and determinant-trace relationships. We further define a new functional matrix $Q_{t,\lambda }\left ( x,y\right )_{F},$ referred to as the $F$ -Pascal-like matrix, and include its additive and product properties. The proposed constructions extend classical binomial and Pascal matrices within the framework of Fibonacci analysis, providing potential applications in combinatorics, number theory, and matrix theory. (shrink)

Partiendo del interés de Lipman por adquirir un equilibrio entre lo cognitivo y lo afectivo, lo conceptual y lo perceptivo en la práctica de la FpN, exploramos algunas posibilidades de integrar el marco de Betty Edwards para el entrenamiento de habilidades perceptivas como medio par enriquecer la construcción tradicional de problemas en la comunidad de indagación filosófica (CIF). Para ello, establecemos un paralelismo entre los puntos de vista de Lipman y Sharp sobre el pensamiento multidimensional y las percepciones del aprendizaje (...) corporizado y el filosofar, desde el uso de gestos, ilustraciones artísticas y teatro, hasta el dibujo en el currículum, con el fin de sugerir formas de enriquecer los planes de discusión en la CIF. A menudo, la compatibilidad entre el enfoque de pensamiento multidimensional en la FpN y un aprendizaje más experiencial y encarnado es natural: por ejemplo, el pensamiento afectuoso, que implica el desarrollo de actitudes morales y de una conciencia relacional, puede necesitar más atención a la expresión de las emociones de los niños, y movilizar más estímulos para complementar el diálogo tradicional. La interdependencia entre la problematización, la creatividad y la afectividad también puede ilustrarse con ideas del método de Betty Edwards de formación de habilidades perceptivas: nuestro objetivo es utilizar el método como recurso para el desarrollo de problemas filosóficos en la CIF. Argumentamos que, además de construir una mejor relación con la propia creatividad, aprender a ver mejor puede traducirse en una mejor comprensión del proceso de construcción de problemas filosóficos, e, inspirados por las habilidades específicas de percepción desarrolladas por el método, podemos añadir un marco más relacional y situado para el cuestionamiento filosófico. (shrink)

Background This study explores intergenerational perspectives on the use of humanoid nurse robots in healthcare settings, recognizing the increasing relevance of robotic technologies and associated ethical, emotional, and privacy concerns. Research aim The study aims to assess acceptance levels, concerns, and expectations regarding humanoid nurse robots among Generations X, Y, and Z. Research design A mixed-method design combining quantitative survey analysis and qualitative interviews was employed. Participants and research context The study was conducted in Türkiye with 45 participants: 15 from (...) Generation X (1965–1980), 15 from Generation Y (1981–1996), and 15 from Generation Z (1997–2012). Visual scenarios depicting robotic nurse applications were used during data collection. Ethical considerations The research obtained ethical approval from the Maltepe University Ethics Committee with the decision number 2024/23-02, issued during the meeting held on December 12, 2024 (Meeting No: 2024/23). Informed consent was obtained from all participants, and confidentiality and voluntary participation were ensured. Findings Quantitative findings showed that Generations Y and Z were more accepting of robots in technical tasks, whereas Generation X expressed skepticism, especially in emergency care roles. Privacy concerns were high across all groups (mean = 4.2). Qualitative interviews revealed that 75% of participants were skeptical about robots’ lack of empathy and strongly opposed their use in birth and neonatal care, emphasizing that these emotionally sensitive areas require the compassionate presence and emotional intelligence of human nurses. Conclusions: Cultural and generational characteristics significantly affect the acceptance of humanoid nurse robots. Targeted education, stronger data privacy frameworks, and emotionally intelligent human-robot interaction strategies are essential for successful integration into healthcare. The study confirms the Robot Anxiety Scale’s validity and reliability in the Turkish context. (shrink)

Lu Ciccia realizó investigaciones en el Departamento de Fisiología del Sistema Nervioso de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, para luego doctorarse en Estudios de Género por la misma universidad. Actualmente, por las derivas de la vida, es académica del Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios de Género de la UNAM. Refiero a la trayectoria de la autora para mostrar hasta qué punto su libro más reciente, La invención de los sexos, es una exposición integral y provocadora de los años de investigación (...) aquí descritos. Este volumen es original en nuestra lengua porque desarrolla una forma de trabajo en la cual los estudios feministas incorporan críticamente en sus registros las formas de investigación de las ciencias experimentales. (shrink)

Bu çalışma, Batı hukuk anlayışına yön veren isimlerden biri olan John Rawls’ın teoriden pratiğe ve küresel ölçeğe aşamalar halinde geliştirdiği Adalet Teorisi nosyonunu ‘’uluslararası iktisadi adalet’’ perspektifinde değerlendirmektedir. Dolayısıyla Halkların Yasası (The Law of Peoples) adlı eser, iktisadi adaletin uluslararası boyutu ele alınarak incelenmektedir. Rawls’a göre kendi toplumlarında iktisadi adalet sağlansa dahi dünyadan bağımsız bir yaşamın sürdürülemeyeceği gerçeğiyle yüzleşen halklar, uluslararası iktisadi adalet nosyonunun sağlayacağı faydaları ve güvenliği algılamak zorunda kalmaktadır. Uluslararası yardım görevleri ile zorluk içindeki halkların teşvik edilmesine yönelik (...) faaliyetler önemlidir. Normatif uygulamalarla, yaptırımlarla erişilmesi zor olan uluslararası iktisadi adalet nosyonları, eşit halkların göstereceği karşılıklı hoşgörüye dayalı adil ilkelerle olası görülmektedir. -/- This study evaluates the notion of A Theory of Justice, which John Rawls, one of the names shaping the Western concept of law, developed in stages from theory to practice and to a global scale, from the perspective of ‘’international economic justice’’. Therefore, The Law of Peoples is analyzed by considering the international dimension of economic justice. According to Rawls, people who faced with the reality that even if economic justice is achieved in their own societies, they cannot live a life independent of the world, are forced to perceive the benefits and security that the notion of international economic justice would provide. International duty of assistance and activities to encourage burdened societies are important. Notions of international economic justice which are very difficult to realize with normative practices and sanctions, seem more likely with fair principles based on tolerance that equal people will show. (shrink)

A través de un largo excurso por la historia de España, el autor se propone descubrir la particularidad de la Ilustración en el país ibérico para desmontar la tesis según la cual, aquende los Pirineos, no hubo propiamente un Siglo de las Luces, y por lo tanto, tampoco una auténtica filosofía moderna. Presenta en un segundo momento la figura intelectual del padre Benito Feijoo como ejemplo paradigmático de lo que fue la Ilustración española y su diferencia con el Enlightement inglés, (...) las Lumières francesas y la Aufklärung alemana. Se desarrolla la idea según la cual el siglo XVIII sentó las bases de una revolución cultural de carácter supranacional que se materializó en la Constitución de Cádiz de 1812, luego abortada por la Restauración absolutista de Fernando VII. (shrink)

XX əsrin əvvəllərində İstanbulda yayımlanan “Hikmət” qəzetinin əsas məqsədi insan haqq və hüquqlarını müdafiə etməklə “intibah-ı İslam”a töhfə vermək, Osmanlı və İslam dünyasında vəhdətə, maarifçi hərəkatının genişlənməsinə, din birliyinə nail olmaqdı. Qəzatin əsas yazarlarından biri olan Əhməd bəy Ağaoğlunun məqalələrinin mövzusunu da məhz bu amal təşkil edirdi. Onun fikir və düşüncə dünyası, yazdığı əsərlər və maqalələrində İkinci Məşrutiyyətdən sonra Osmanlı dövlətində formalaşan İslamçılıq, Türkçülük və Qərbçilik kimi fikri cərəyanlar içərisində islamçı və türkçü anlayışını görmək mümkündür. Bu vəhdətin formalaşdırılması, milli-mənəvi dəyərlərə (...) bağlılıq, tarixi köklərə sadiqlik, onun yaradıcılığının əsasını təşkil edirdi. Ağaoğlu qətiyyətlə bildirirdi ki, dövləti quran, onun təməlini təşkil edən başlıca və yeganə ünsür millətdir. Bu səbəbdən də, hakimiyyəti dəyişmək üçün xalq bütün hüquq və imkanlara malik olmalıdır. O, türk millətini qətiyyət və iradə göstərərək bu hüquqları əldə etməyə, demokratik pribsiplərlə idarə olunan cəmiyyət və milli bir hökumət qurmağa çağırırdı. Ağaoğlu cəmiyyətin nicatının “Türk birliyi” və “İttihd-ı İslam” ideyası ətrafında birləşmək olduğuna inanır və qəzetdə əsasən milli birlik ideyasını təbliğ edirdi. (shrink)

Cet article est une lecture critique de l'ouvrage de Catherine Malabou L'avenir de Hegel. Plasticité. Temporalité. Dialectique (Vrin, 1996) selon lequel le concept hégélien de temps excède la signification qu'en a proposée Heidegger. Il y a en fait plusieurs temps dans la pensée spéculative et cette richesse du temps peut être nommée sa plasticité (Plaztizitàt) : formation de l'événement, explosion de l'inattendu, avenir ou « voir venir ». Tout en saluant la pertinence et la nouveauté de cette interprétation, Derrida se (...) demande si l'on peut jamais voir venir ce qui vient. L'avenir véritable n'est-il pas un adieu non dialectisable, partant non plastique, à tout processus de formation, d'anticipation, de deuil? Cet adieu ne demeure-t-il pas l'impensé de la philosophie hégélienne? This paper is a critical reading of Catherine Malabou's book on the future of Hegel. (Vrin, 1996) according to which the Hegelian notion of time goes much further beyond the meaning that had been suggested by Heidegger. There are in fact several times within the spéculative thought and such a wealth oftime may be termed plasticity (Plaztizitàt) : the surge of an event, the explosion of the unexpected, the future, or the idea of what is bound to corne. Whilst at the same time acknowledging the relevance and the newness of such an interprétation, Derrida questions whether one is ever able to perceive what is bound to corne. Isn't the true future an undialectizable and non plastic farewell to any kind of conception, anticipation and mourning process? Doesn't such a farewell remain what is left unthought in Hegelian philosophy? (shrink)

This paper is concerned with the idea of unity of mankind and the possibilities of its political expression, particularly with respect to the contribution of the Spanish scholastics Francisco de Vitoria and Francisco Suárez, who gave a crucial impetus to the development of the concept of ius gentium. Then it discusses how the issue was developed in the work of Hugo Grotius and how political expression of the unity of mankind was reflected on in modern scholasticism — in the work (...) of Luigi Taparelli and Jacques Maritain. In the conclusion it briefl y evaluates the differences and the potential impact on the social doctrine of the Church and contemporary political thinking in the context of Christian social thought, particularly with regard to the concept of a ‘global political authority’. (shrink)

La resolución de sistemas de ecuaciones lineales es sin duda el problema más importante en Matemática Aplicada. Es importante en sí mismo y también porque es un paso intermedio en la resolución de muchos otros problemas de gran relevancia. La eliminación Gaussiana es hoy en día el método estándar para resolver este problema en un ordenador y, además, fue el primer algoritmo numérico para el que se realizó un análisis de errores de redondeo. En 1948, Alan Turing publicó un artículo (...) de gran relevancia sobre este tema: “Rounding-off errors in matrix processes” (Quart. J. Mech. Appl. Math. 1, pp. 287-308). En este artículo, Turing formuló la eliminación Gaussiana en términos de la factorización LU de una matriz e introdujo la noción de número de condición de una matriz, que son dos de las nociones más fundamentales del Análisis Numérico moderno. Además, Turing presentó un análisis de errores de la eliminación Gaussiana para matrices generales que influyó profundamente en el espíritu del análisis de errores definitivo desarrollado por Wilkinson en 1961. El trabajo de Alan Turing sobre la eliminación Gaussiana aparece en un periodo fascinante del Análisis Numérico moderno. Otros gigantes de las matemáticas como John von Neumann, Herman Goldstine y Harold Hotelling también realizaron investigaciones sobre la eliminación Gaussiana en la década de 1940-50. El objetivo de estos investigadores era encontrar un método eficiente y fiable para resolver sistemas de ecuaciones lineales en los ordenadores modernos que estaban desarrollándose por entonces. En aquella época, no estaba claro en absoluto si utilizar la eliminación Gaussiana era una elección adecuada o no. El propósito de este artículo es revisar, a nivel básico, las contribuciones realizadas por Alan Turing y otros investigadores al análisis de errores de la eliminación Gaussiana, el contexto histórico de esas contribuciones y su influencia en el Análisis Numérico moderno. (shrink)

Análisis historiográfico del relato de las vicisitudes del alfaquí T.a-lu-t, elaborado por Ibn al-Qu-t.iyya y reproducido por numerosas fuentes andalusíes y orientales. De dicho análisis se desprende que la supuesta versión amplia de la crónica de Ibn al-Qu-t.iyya nunca existió y que la coincidencia entre varias obras en presentar una versión extensa del relato es debida a su común dependencia de un subarquetipo que amplificó retóricamente el texto original de Ibn al- Qu-t.iyya.

The study of Joseon 朝鮮 Neo-Confucianism has recently given some attention to an inclination toward the Learning of the Mind-Heart, and Yi Gan 李柬 is at the center of this research. He was an outstanding disciple of Gwon Sang-ha 權尙夏 and a successor to the philosophical spirit of the Yulgok 栗谷 School; he is renowned for initiating the Horak 湖洛 Debate through his controversies with Han Won-jin 韓元震. In “A Thesis on the Not-Yet-Aroused State,” Yi asserted that the mind-heart is (...) purely good, basing his argument on the doctrine that “li 理 and qi 氣 are actualized as the same entity, and the mind-heart and nature are united as one.” Han Won-jin criticized this assertion as belonging to the Lu-Wang 陸王 School of Neo-Confucianism, and in fact, Yi Gan’s arguments were, in some aspects, consistent with Wang Yangming’s 王陽明 philosophy of the mind-heart. Indisputably, however, Yi Gan was an ardent follower of Zhu Xi’s 朱熹 philosophy. In this case, Yi Gan’s inclination toward the Learning of the Mind-Heart may perhaps be viewed in the tradition of the Learning of the Way, which emphasized self-cultivation and practice, a distinct feature of Joseon Neo-Confucianism. (shrink)

Artykuł przedstawia Deborę Vogel jako jedną z najważniejszych krytyczek i teoretyczek sztuki lat trzydziestych XX wieku. Po polsku oraz w jidysz stworzyła ona system, w którym sztuka jawi się jako poetycko-programowa reakcja na rzeczywistość. Jest ona elitarna, ale też ściśle związana z codziennością. Jest niezbędna dla życia, ale też jest „samym życiem”, w sensie banalnej i wiecznej ballady. Za tą konstrukcją myślową kryje się malarstwo Marca Chagalla. To na przykładzie jego obrazów Vogel dowodzi głównej tezy awangardy o jedności formy i (...) treści. Na tożsamość życia i sztuki Vogel spogląda przez pryzmat aktualności rozumianej nie jako manifestowanie poglądów politycznych, lecz jako konstruowanie rzeczywistości w dziele sztuki. Punktem wyjścia jest dla lwowskiej intelektualistki estetyka Hegla, od której stopniowo przesuwa się ku dialektyce materialistycznej, rozwijając m. in. tezy Lu Märten, pionierki estetyki marksistowskiej. Poetyka życia oraz koncepcje sztuki były u Vogel szeroko zakorzenione w filozofii, m.in. w teorii subiektywnego postrzegania Jakoba von Uexkülla. W artykule omówiona zostaje jego koncepcja koła funkcjonalnego, jak i mająca duży wpływ na artystów awangardowych teza, iż rzeczywistość stanowi dla indywiduum wyłącznie konstrukcję własnych doznań zmysłowych. Na koniec stawiane są pytania dotyczące znaczenia myśli Bergsona i Simmla dla rozumienia sztuki w ujęciu proponowanym przez Deborę Vogel. (shrink)

Il y a dans les Dialogues de Platon une idée scénique de l’âme. Le texte lui-même peut-être lu comme une représentation, comme une mise en scène de la pensée qui se déploie dans l’âme. L’âme, à son tour, contient une population psychique avec de nombreux habitants. Ces habitants de l’âme parlent entre eux, et ce sont ces discours qui font (sont) l’âme, parce que la psyche pour Platon a une nature linguistique, est un tissu de mots et d’images. Dans le (...) Philèbe l’âme est assimilée à un biblion, et les textes de Platon, tout autant que les textes du théâtre, sont des biblia. L’écriture des logoi sokratikoi a pour but la mémoire (mneme) et la conservation (sōtēría) de l’enseignement du maître pendant son absence. Cependant – comme dit le Phédre – le discours du maître doit s’écrire dans l’âme des disciples, et tous les discours – comme dit le Protagoras – se gardent uniquement dans l’âme des hommes. L’âme est un texte qui garde les discours et les images, et dans l’âme, comme sur une scène, on parle avec les autres ou avec soi même. L’idée de l’âme comme une scène est fondée aussi bien sur la définition de la pensée qui – dans le Théétète – est «une discussion que l’âme elle-même poursuit tout du long avec elle-même». (shrink)

Il y a un impensé dans les analyses de l’action publique locale : la question des passions territoriales qui la nourrissent n’apparaît jamais au rang de critère déterminant. Pourtant, les conseils municipaux et les assemblées intercommunales sont un théâtre privilégié où s’expriment émois, désirs et déchirements. Cette charge émotionnelle est peu prise en compte. Les analyses sont centrées sur la façon dont les leaders exercent leur « métier » d’élu local en jouant des émotions et les instrumentalisant pour asseoir leur (...) pouvoir. Dans cet article, l’auteur a souhaité faire un pas de côté en retournant le miroir et en décryptant cette densité émotionnelle à partir du ressenti des élus. (shrink)

Il n’y a pas de doute que lire n’est pas pour Ricœur un acte impensé, mais fait partie au contraire de sa réflexion philosophique. Que ce soit parce qu’il lit les textes d’autres philosophes, en les commentant abondamment, en les citant ou en affirmant que ces textes sont, pour lui, des références philosophiques fondamentales, que ce soit parce qu’il cite, étudie ou commente un large éventail de textes extra-philosophiques, notamment des travaux scientifiques, logiques, linguistiques, structuralistes ou théorico-littéraires, ou parce qu’il (...) interprète lui-même des œuvres littéraires et des textes bibliques ou théologiques, Ricœur, chacun peut l’accorder facilement, a développé une pratique aussi consciente qu’intensive de la lecture. La première impression laissée par son style est celle d’un penseur qui privilégie le dialogue et valorise l’intersubjectivité. Mieux encore : ne pourrait-on pas dire que, chez lui, le besoin de se nourrir des textes d’autrui témoigne d’une exigence toujours grandissante à l’égard de soi-même quant à l’invention des moyens conceptuels créatifs susceptibles de marquer sa propre singularité? Chez Ricœur, l’activité de la lecture est bien davantage du côté du partage avec ses propres lecteurs que du côté d’une fidélité réductrice au texte source. Pour être en mesure d’honorer la vertu du partage, il faut peut-être commencer par déjouer tous les pièges de l’autorité, surtout celui dans lequel un texte canonique lu par un philosophe trop sûr de sa propre lecture pourrait nous faire tomber. (shrink)

On aura lu dans le présent numéro de Dialogue une longue étude critique, où Claude Panaccio analyse la traduction, par Roland Galibois, du Commentaire d'Occam sur le Livre des Prédicables de Porphyre, ainsi que mon introduction à ce texte.On nous permettra sans doute d'y répondre, et on trouvera ci-après l'excellente justification que R. Galibois donne de sa traduction.

Pouvant être lu à différents niveaux, le conte a une valeur universelle, atemporelle et, paradoxalement, il est un vecteur de transmission sociale ancré dans son temps. À travers l’étude du conte Hansel et Gretel, les auteures de cet article y font part de leurs réflexions sur les fonctions et rôles du conte, dans ses différentes dimensions intra, inter et transpsychiques. Les figures féminines négatives qui y sont présentées et le processus d’identification en contre de Gretel rendent compte de sa construction (...) identitaire, mais également des représentations sociale et historique du féminin transmises à travers le temps. (shrink)

On aura lu dans le présent numéro de Dialogue une longue étude critique, où Claude Panaccio analyse la traduction, par Roland Galibois, du Commentaire d'Occam sur le Livre des Prédicables de Porphyre, ainsi que mon introduction à ce texte.On nous permettra sans doute d'y répondre, et on trouvera ci-après l'excellente justification que R. Galibois donne de sa traduction.

"Henri Bergson est élu au Collège de France le 17 mai 1900 et y enseigne jusqu’en 1914. Il fait deux cours : le samedi, où il explique un texte, et le vendredi où il traite de sujets comme "l’idée de cause" (1900-1901), "l’idée de temps" (1901-1902), "l’histoire des théories de la mémoire" (1903-1904), etc. Il ne fait pas cours tous les ans. À trois reprises, il se fait remplacer : en mars 1906 par Couturat (Bergson reprend ses cours à l’automne (...) 1906) ; en 1909-1910 par R. Worms ; entre 1914 et 1921 par Édouard Le Roy. Les événements de sa vie, postérieurs à la publication de L’Évolution créatrice, comportent, notamment, ses missions pendant la Première Guerre mondiale, en Espagne et surtout aux États-Unis, et la participation à la création de l’Institut international de coopération intellectuelle au sein de la Société des Nations. En 1928, il reçoit le prix Nobel de littérature". (shrink)

Signes, pour Maurice Merleau-Ponty, n'était pas un alphabet complet, mais plutôt ces signaux soudains comme un regard que nous recevons des événements, des livres et des choses. Ou qu'il nous semble recevoir d'eux : il faut croire que nous y mettons du nôtre, puisqu'il y a des constantes dans ces messages. En philosophie, l'idée d'une vision, d'une parole opérante, d'une opération métaphysique de la chair, d'un échange où le visible et l'invisible sont rigoureusement simultanés. En politique, le sentiment que les (...) mécanismes d'étouffement, de paralysie ou de terreur ne sont pas irréversibles. Si l'auteur a bien lu, ces signes, donc, ne seraient pas de si mauvais augure. En sorte que Signes, loin d'être une traversée des apparences, devient pour le lecteur d'aujourd'hui une traversée de l'œuvre même, dans ses grandes interrogations, de Merleau-Ponty. (shrink)

Thе еxprоpriаtiоn оf аgriculturаl lаnd tо prоvidе nеw lаnd fоr industriаl аnd urbаn еxpаnsiоn, rеfеrrеd tо аs cоmpulsоry аcquisitiоn, is prеvаlеnt in dеvеlоping cоuntriеs. Using Viеtnаm аs а lаbоrаtоry, this study еvаluаtеs thе impаcts оf lоsing fаrmlаnd thrоugh cоmpulsоry аcquisitiоn оn hоusеhоld wеlfаrе аnd rеаchеs thе fоllоwing findings. A 10 pеrcеntаgе pоint incrеаsе in thе prоpоrtiоn оf lаnd еxprоpriаtеd rеsults in а 2.2% dеcrеаsе in hоusеhоld wеlfаrе prоxiеd by fооd еxpеnditurе. Bеsidеs, pоliticаlly uncоnnеctеd аnd еthnic minоrity hоusеhоlds аrе disprоpоrtiоnаtеly vulnеrаblе. (...) Thе аdvеrsе wеlfаrе еffеct cоuld tаkе up tо 10 yеаrs tо еvаpоrаtе. Thе rеductiоn in hоusеhоld wеlfаrе is аttributаblе tо thе dеclinе in аgriculturаl incоmе аnd thе inаbility tо pаrticipаtе in thе nоn-аgriculturаl lаbоr mаrkеt. Othеr аspеcts оf hоusеhоld bеhаviоr fоllоwing cоmpulsоry аcquisitiоn аrе аlsо еxplоrеd, such аs sаving, sоciаl cаpitаl, lаbоr, аnd cаpitаl аllоcаtiоn. (shrink)