The Artificial Intelligence Ontology (AIO) is a systematization of artificial intelligence (AI) concepts, methodologies, and their interrelations. Developed via manual curation, with the additional...

We consider Sussman et al. 's suggestion that auditory biases for processing low-noise relationships among pairs of acoustic variables is a preadaptation for human speech processing. Data from other animal communication systems, especially those involving sexual selection, also suggest that neural biases in the receiver system can generate strong selection on the form of communication signals.

Ruchkin et al. ascribe a pivotal role to long-term memory representations and binding within working memory. Here we focus on the interaction of working memory and long-term memory in supporting on-line representations of experience available to guide on-going processing, and we distinguish the role of frontal-lobe systems from what the hippocampus contributes to relational long-term memory binding.

Although O'Regan & Noë (O&N) claim that the world may serve as the viewers' external visual memory, findings from the field of memory research have demonstrated the existence of internal visual representations. These representations are stored in the viewer's brain, contain information regarding visual objects and their relations, guide subsequent exploration of the visual world and promote change detection.

Recenzio Kiraly V. Istvan Death and History c. konyverol.

We contrast two positions concerning the initial domain of actions that infants interpret as goal-directed. The 'narrow scope' view holds that goal-attribution in 6- and 9-month-olds is restricted to highly familiar actions (such as grasping) (). The cue-based approach of the infant's 'teleological stance' (), however, predicts that if the cues of equifinal variation of action and a salient action effect are present, young infants can attribute goals to a 'wide scope' of entities including unfamiliar human actions and actions of (...) novel objects lacking human features. It is argued that previous failures to show goal-attribution to unfamiliar actions were due to the absence of these cues. We report a modified replication of showing that when a salient action-effect is presented, even young infants can attribute a goal to an unfamiliar manual action. This study together with other recent experiments reviewed support the 'wide scope' approach indicating that if the cues of goal-directedness are present even 6-month-olds attribute goals to unfamiliar actions. (shrink)

Michael Ryan (d. 1840) remains one of the most mysterious figures in the history of medical ethics, despite the fact that he was the only British physician during the middle years of the 19th century to write about ethics in a systematic way. Michael Ryan’s Writings on Medical Ethics offers both an annotated reprint of his key ethical writings, and an extensive introductory essay that fills in many previously unknown details of Ryan’s life, analyzes the significance of (...) his ethical works, and places him within the historical trajectory of the field of medical ethics. (shrink)

Ryan Recalls is not a typical autobiography for while it contains personal memoirs and preoccupations, it also contains book reviews, book launches, published and unpublished papers as well as various newspaper articles put together by the author" --Page 2 of cover.

This Editorial reports an exchange in form of a comment and reply on the article “History and Nature of the Jeffreys–Lindley Paradox” (Arch Hist Exact Sci 77:25, 2023) by Eric-Jan Wagenmakers and Alexander Ly.

Lehet-e filozófiai értelemben beszélni a betegségről? Lényegében ezt a kérdést járja körbe a kolozsvári egyetemi tanár könyve. Király V. István szerint ezt az explicit filozófiai diskurzusban igencsak elhanyagolt témát, nem ellentéte, - a filozófus számára sokkal ismerősebb - egészség viszonyában, hanem önmagában sui generis kell megragadni. A betegség alapvető létmódja a lehetőség, hiszen miden ember és élőlény - lényegénél és léténél fogva - megbetegedhet. Az arisztotelészi lehetőség (dynamis) fogalma pedig a szabadsághoz vezet el, így a betegségről való meditáció - hasonlóan (...) a halálról való elmélkedéshez (a szerzőtől ld.: Halandóan lakozik szabadságában az ember) - az emberi egzisztencia megértéséhez visz közelebb. A kiadvány érdekessége, hogy egy igen bőséges, mintegy ötven oldalra rugó angol összefoglalás kíséri. A heideggeri létfilozófia által inspirált, igen eredeti, de a filozófiában kevéssé járatosak számára is befogadható, gondolatébresztő mű. (shrink)

Recent research on legal discourses from a linguistic perspective has gained significant momentum, particularly in the Vietnamese context. A key development in Vietnam is the recognition of "precedent" (Án lệ) as a valid source of law. Despite this progress, there is a notable lack of studies examining the functional language of this discourse. This paper aims to empirically investigate how judges interpret experiences within Vietnamese precedents. The research corpus includes all 17 active criminal precedents in Vietnam, documented across 111 A4 (...) pages, and encompasses various cases such as murder, robbery, property embezzlement, and vehicle-related offenses. Utilizing Halliday's Register Theory (Halliday Language, Context, and Text: Aspects of Language in a Social-Semiotic Perspective, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1989), this study delineates the creation of a Field in Vietnamese criminal precedents, characterized by three variables: Field, Mode, and Tenor. Building on Martin & Rose’s (Working with Discourse: Meaning Beyond the Clause, Bloomsbury, London, 2007) identification of two systems for realizing Field in discourse—Ideation and Conjunction—this research applies these theoretical frameworks to analyze the linguistic tools judges use to articulate human experiences in Vietnamese criminal precedents. Adopting a qualitative methods approach, the study employs content analysis to explore the meanings established in these precedents, alongside statistical methods to quantify the frequency of Ideational meaning-making resources utilized in constructing the Field. The anticipated outcomes include elucidating the relationships that contribute to the construction of the Field in Vietnamese precedent discourses and summarizing the typical means of Conjunction employed within these legal texts. (shrink)

I offer in this paper a new conception of democratic self-determination. My proposal defends Rafanelli's peaceful reform intervention from the concern that we should not promote justice abroad, because it would interfere with the self-determining choice of other people to select an authoritarian government. I challenge this influential view of authoritarian self-determination. I argue instead that self-determination should be democratic in its input, or the procedure deliberating and voting on the constitution. Self-determination should also be democratic in its output, or (...) the constitution's rules. Democratic self-determination offers three important advantages: it joins self-determination indivisibly with other inalienable human rights, such as the human right to racial non-discrimination. Second, it guards against the problem of the false mandate, or authoritarians attempting to legitimate their autocratic rule using rigged referenda and suppressed debate. Third, democratic self-determination reduces the risk of ethnic conflict given the diversity of actual states. Democratic self-determination passes the a ctual deliberation test, since it has been vindicated by inclusive deliberation with people from diverse cultures. (shrink)

À partir de Merleau-Ponty, Henry et Sartre, ce livre montre comment chaque expérience perceptive est susceptible d'accroître ou d'affaiblir la capacité des individus à se laisser affecter en profondeur par leur situation et à l'endurer.

„...nem egy általában vett szerző -/- szól az általában vett olvasóhoz..." -/- Fehér M. István1 -/- -/- „A filozófia a legmélyebb, legfölkavaróbb -/- kérdésekkel hivatott foglalkozni. -/- Végleges megoldásukat nehezen élné túl." -/- Hajós József 2 -/- -/- -/- Egyre több írás – iromány – hermeneutikai szituáltságát konstituálják manapság a „tudományos konferenciák". Gyakran persze ezek „helyettesítik" be a tapasztalatot, a tapasztalat élő kihívásait is. Úgyhogy meglehetősen ritkaságszámba megy az olyan esemény, amikor egy-egy előadás valóságos konferencia-szerű alkalma és tényleges visszhangja igazán (...) találkoznak azzal a szervességgel, amelynek a lehetőségeit rajtuk – azaz, voltaképpen: esetlegességükön – kívül mindig sok más egyéb vonatkozás is artikulál. (shrink)

Ce travail a pour objet d’examiner comment sont articulés deux thèmes centraux de l’oeuvre philosophique de Poincaré : la question de la nature mathématique de la physique et la critique des questionnements « métaphysiques » relatifs aux théories scientifiques. En s’appuyant sur la dimension linguistique du traitement de ces thèmes par Poincaré et en analysant certains aspects de ses réflexions sur le continu et la mesure des grandeurs physiques, notre examen sera poursuivi en suivant le fil conducteur de la distinction (...) entre les notions d’identité numérique et d’égalité, dont nous tâcherons de montrer qu’elle sous-tend tout à la fois la caractérisation par Poincaré de la métaphysique et ses considérations sur la géométrie et le continu.The purpose of this study is to examine the link between two main topics of Poincaré’s philosophical work : the question of the mathematical nature of physics and the criticism of “metaphysical” questions about physical theories. By focusing on the linguistic dimension of Poincaré’s treatment of these subjects and by analysing some aspects of his reflections about continuum and physical measurement, our inquiry will be pursued following the vital lead of the distinction between numerical identity and equality, which appears to underlie both Poincaré’s characterisation of metaphysics and his reflections about geometry and the continuum. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to offer a Henrian interpretation of the debate between Sartre and Merleau-Ponty concerning the place of the imaginary in the perceptive life. The hypothesis is that in Sartre, Merleau-Ponty and Henry, the role of the imaginary in the original affective experience which the perceptive life has of its own intrinsic vulnerability can be investigated on three levels: the articulation between the absolute dimension and the egological dimension of consciousness in Sartre, the genesis of perception (...) in the body in Merleau-Ponty, and the immanent adherence of the perceptive act to the radical suffering of its own force in Henry. From each of these three levels, the paper shows that without an imaginary in charge of bringing it back constantly to the experience of its own original vulnerability, the perceptive life is bound to lose the aff ective density of its relation to the perceived, and therefore is bound to become disincarnate. (shrink)

As a model for processing information about people's perceptions to understand the complex world and society in which they live, the cultural schema serves as a key concept in Cultural Linguistics when directing to the perception and processing of information about people, and social groups, and events. Cultural schema theory is valuable in deciphering culturally structured concepts, covering the entire range of human experience expressed in many fields such as education, belief, religion, etc. Through the practice of sacred rituals, each (...) religious believer can form his system of ideas about entities in his or her belief world. Those experiences and experiences are conceptualized through the language picture. In the process of cultural development and integration, the cultural awareness of the Catholic community also reflects certain changes in Catholicism in the West in harmony with the customs and beliefs of Eastern countries. like Vietnam, expressed through the practice of funeral rites and traditional marriage of the Vietnamese. In this article, by using quantitative and qualitative methods, we have conducted a character analysis of the above cultural schemas based on the corpus of 120 discourses drawn during the implementation perform funeral and marriage rites for Vietnamese Catholics. Research results show that cultural schemas (event diagrams, role schemas, image schemas, propositional schemas, and emotional schemas) reflect the cultural knowledge (beliefs, standards, principles, and expectations) of each Vietnamese Catholic about DEATH and MARRIAGE as a journey or a new transformation in one's life... That is the basis for them to transmit achieve and explain the basic values of these two concepts, helping us to understand more deeply the mind of the Vietnamese Catholic community in Vietnam when performing two important rituals in human life in reality. (shrink)

L’objectif de cette contribution est de montrer de quelle façon la phénoménologie de Renaud Barbaras permet de faire droit à ce que l’on peut définir comme la finitude radicale de la manifestation. Si, chez Barbaras, la finitude constitutive de toute manifestation est radicale, c’est dans la mesure où elle est elle-même finie, c’est-à-dire habitée par une indétermination originaire. L’inachèvement constitutif de toute manifestation est lui-même inachevé. Il y a un polymorphisme de la finitude...

Az ELTE filozófiaoktatójának új könyve, ahogy alcíme világosan állítja a vallás filozófiai alapjainak feltárására vállalkozik. Vagyis a következő alapvető kérdéseket igyekszik megválaszolni: Mi a vallás? Mi a vallási hit; és mi lehet ennek a hitnek a tartalma? (Ez utóbbit nevezi könyvében “vallási reprezentációnak”.) Tömör, de rendkívül intenzív vizsgálódása vérbeli filozófia, fogalmi megismerés és elemzés, amelynek egyik lábát a középkori filozófia beható ismerete, másik lábát pedig a kortárs, ún. angolszász filozófia nyelvfilozófiai alapú módszerei adják, amint a megismeréstudomány és evolúcióbiológia felismerései támogatnak. (...) A végeredmény egy elegáns és világos érvelés, nem apológia és nem bálványdöntés, hanem egy igen eredeti vallásfilozófiai alapozás, amely a vallás, a hit, mint antropológiai jellemző megértéséhez is közelebb visz. A szándékoltan rövid, de jól hasznosítható irodalomjegyzékkel záruló kiadvány filozófiai jártasságot feltételez olvasójáról. (shrink)

The advent of functional imaging has reinforced the attempts to define dreaming as a sleep state-dependent phenomenon. PET scans revealed major differences between nonREM sleep and REM sleep. However, because dreaming occurs throughout sleep, the common features of the two sleep states, rather than the differences, could help define the prerequisite for the occurrence of dreams. [Hobson et al.; Nielsen; Solms; Revonsuo; Vertes & Eastman].

L?objectif de cet article est de montrer à partir d?une libre reprise de certaines thèses développées par le second Merleau-Ponty qu?un certain usage de la perception est susceptible d?accroître l?épreuve que le sujet fait d?être profondément requis par le sens d?une situation qu?il est en train de vivre. Notre hypothèse est qu?il est nécessaire pour ce faire que l?acte perceptif s?éprouve intrinsèquement mis en jeu par la situation à laquelle il se rapporte, mis en jeu dans l?épreuve affective qu?il fait (...) de sa possibilité originaire. Ce n?est donc pas seulement ce qui est perçu qui est susceptible de faire événement dans la vie du sujet, mais la façon dont l?acte perceptif est amené à se déployer et à éprouver sa propre possibilité au contact du perçu. Il importe en ce sens de faire une distinction entre les propriétés affectives conférées intentionnellement au perçu et l?épreuve affective que l?acte per­ceptif fait de lui-même en se rapportant à celui-ci. Nous allons ainsi défendre l?idée selon laquelle l?acte perceptif ne peut participer en profondeur à l?épreuve d?une situation qui fait événement dans la vie du sujet que s?il se laisse être profondément mis en jeu par cette situation. Au départ de cette réflexion, il importe ainsi de reconnaître que le sujet peut être ébranlé par le contenu de telle ou telle situation sans que son acte perceptif se laisse pour autant mettre. (shrink)

L’objectif de cet article est de montrer que le concept de barbarie tel que Henry en fait usage dans sa phénoménologie radicale renvoie en dernière instance à un mouvement de naturalisation de l’adhésion des individus au pâtir de leur vie, cette naturalisation du désir de s’éprouver des individus allant de pair avec un déni de sa dimension radicalement intersubjective. En ce sens, notre hypothèse est que certaines des thèses de La barbarie ne peuvent être véritablement comprises qu’à partir d...

L’objectif de cet article est de montrer que la phénoménologie de Michel Henry offre des ressources importantes pour interroger le rôle de la vie sociale et du langage dans l’épreuve que les individus font tout autant de la puissance que de la vulnérabilité intrinsèque de leur désir d’éprouver la vie.

Table des matières 1. Émotion et situation 2. La performativité de l?émotion 3. Émotion et action 4. L?imaginaire et la facticité du réel 5. La théâtralité originaire de l?agir 6. Jeu et incarnation 7. Croyance, sens, imaginaire 8. La performativité de l?image 9. Le corps de l?image, l?image du corps 10. L?imaginaire et l?épaisseur de la vie 11. La théâtralisation de l?émotion 12. Émotion et influence sociale 13. Conclusion.

L’objectif de cet article est de construire à partir d’une reprise de certaines thèses de Michel Henry les premiers jalons d’une phénoménologie radicale du soin. Sur base d’une interrogation sur le rapport entre le souffrir originaire de la vie et son mouvement immanent d’ipséisation, l’auteur montre qu’en refusant toute forme de naturalisation du consentement du pâtir de la vie à lui-même, la phénoménologie radicale de Michel Henry permet de développer une nouvelle approche du soin, notamment du point de vue de (...) son rapport à la dimension originairement intersubjective du désir de s’éprouver de la vie. L’article se termine par une réflexion sur la dimension potentialisante d’un certain usage des rôles dans le rapport de l’acte médical à la singularité radicale de l’individu souffrant. Dans la perspective d’une phénoménologie radicale de la vie, l’acte médical ne peut pas être seulement décrit comme reposant sur l’adhésion des individus à la vie. Il est plus profondément encore amené à accroître par sa façon même de s’effectuer l’adhésion intérieure des individus au pâtir radical de leur vie. (shrink)

The paper tries to grasp and acquire Karl Jaspers’s philosophical-mental horizons mainly with the terminological and methodological instruments of the musical – primarily symphonic – thematisation. Namely those typically jaspersian tensions and impulses, which in their connections to the Encompassing and to Existence are apparently far from them – turning back (and forth) to the oriental and western meta- physics of Sound and Light. While the “philosophical problems” elevated into themes, now start to inter- weave into spectacle (spectaculum) and – (...) along this – they open up as ciphers. Concomitantly they do not send us – western thinkers – beyond the World, but contrarily, they attach us to the communicative re- sponsibility towards the world, to ourselves respectively to others. (shrink)

The book attempts to conceptualize the “ancient” issues of human death and human mortality in connection to the timely and vital subject of euthanasia. This subject forces the meditation to actually consider those ideological, ethical, deontological, legal, and metaphysical frameworks which guide from the very beginning any kind of approach to this question. This conception – in dialogue with Heideggerian fundamental ontology and existential analytics – reveals that, on the one hand, the concepts and ethics of death are originally determined (...) by the ontology of death, and, on the other hand, that, on this account, the question of euthanasia can only be authentically discussed in the horizon of this ontology. It is only this that may reveal to whom dying – our dying – pertains, while it also reveals our relationship to euthanasia as a determined human potentiality or final possibility. Thus euthanasia is outlined in the analysis as the possibility of becoming a mortal on the one hand, while on the other hand it appears in relation to the particularities of its existential structure, which essentially differ from the existential and ontological structure of any other possibility of dying. This is why it should not be mixed up with, or mistaken for, any of these. (shrink)

The chapters of the book are seemingly short, but deep explorations on the various fields and possibilities of human being and existence. Such explorations of course reorder and reformulate the timely and essential possibilities of philosophy and philosophizing. These together convey the true weight and stakes of things. For it is indeed so that: „Philosophy is destined to deal with the Deepest and most disturbing questions. It would hardly survive, if they were definitively solved.”.

Metaphysical analysis of the Death and the Dying!

This article interprets Pam Gems’s play Queen Christina as an avant la lettrethesis on the performance of gender, identifying correspondences between the protagonist’s trajectory and the successive feminist interventions. Focusing on the 17th-century Swedish queen’s transformation from a masculine-identified bastion of patriarchy into an untamed rebel against political and sexual conservatism, Gems, in fact, indirectly shares her views on aspects of western feminist thought. This article’s analysis demonstrates that following Christina’s initial appropriation and subsequent contestation of patriarchal values, she engages (...) with radical feminism before briefly identifying herself as a socialist feminist. In the wake of her unfulfilled attempt at maternity, she moves on to embrace cultural feminism; though, eventually, she decides not to privilege any specific political position and thus echoes Gems’s own ambivalence and reservation towards explicit ideological commitment. (shrink)

Authenticity, Reception and Media Reality This article deals with the reception of media reality, which is meant to be an alternative mode of consciousness, and with the phenomenon of authenticity and its understanding within media reality. It is also pointed out the distortion in the reception of media reality. As an unifying concept for media education and for the treatment of reception defects it is mentioned media anthropology - an interdisciplinary, respectively trans-disciplinary science, which can provide more consistent re-analyzing of (...) the relationship between man and media as tools for improving his skills. From the methodological point of view the method of epistemological anarchism, Paul Feyerabend's "anything goes" is explained as an epistemological translation tool for developing reviewing competences and reception skills as a whole (organic reception). We propose to deal the distortion of media reception in different therapeutic ways: from sensory deprivation, through media substitution, organic reception, to transcendence of the observer and imitation of media - meta-creation. In the sense of organic, systemic reception we in fact propose to "copy" the communication strategy of media system(s) in order to extend or set appropriate "epistemic" competences. In the related illustration of this mechanism, the theory of A. Weinstock is applied for setting a research indifference point in the middle of a fictive reception continuum of polarities sympathy and antipathy with media. This paper represents a part of activities, which summarize author's dissertation thesis Reception instruction in the media reality, where there are presented not only analyses and attempted typology of reception instructions, but also case studies with specific proposals for teaching and researching within areas of media ethics and media education. (shrink)

Rozvoj a vzdělávání provozních pracovníků v retailovém segmentu v ČR.

Multisensory Environment and Sensory Deprivation in the Treatment of Reception Defects This article deals with two types of alternative therapy and treatment methods. They are considered to be used in media education, in the treatment of reception defects, such as abuse, narcosis, neurosis, frustration, fetishism and superimposition. Purpose of this article is to summarize and discuss not only these media reality reception defects, but also to object them in two ways - multisensory environment within special pedagogic treatment, sensory deprivation within (...) alternative psychiatric therapy (dark therapy, chamber and floating tanks, meditation, holotropic breathing, neuro-linguistic programming, etc.). Methodology in this study is to consider them as using media in the way of organic reception and therefore included in media anthropology, education and ethics. Within media reality a system reception feedback is needed, therefore the method "anything goes" for this use is explained. The aim of this article is to bind alternative media based methods with the research of reception of the media reality and the outstanding media anthropological issues: therapy, education, ethics, philosophy, etc. The scientific aim not only of this study, but also of author's whole work is to sustain the whole - media anthropological view - by using partial methods for media reality analysis and proving its relevance in disputing other theories being enclosed within media discourse. Also the ethics - code of dealing with technological extensions of human competence - the media - is a part of the organic reception. As the conclusion a need of such kind of research, education and treatment is objected and the examples of author's effort are explained. There is strongly recommended to create and use other media anthropology based equipment: Hitchhiker's Guide to Media Reality, A Chronicle of Abused media, blogs, a textbook, etc. (shrink)