Background: A short version of the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale comprising only re-experiencing symptom items has been recently validated on Japanese adults. This short-version-PDS had good psychometric properties among Japanese adults with and without posttraumatic stress disorder. The aim of this study was to translate and culturally validate the short-version-PDS for the Brazilian sociolinguistic context.Methods: A translation of the short-version-PDS was performed based on established guidelines. We enrolled 53 patients with PTSD as a potential comorbidity. The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of (...) the short-version-PDS included forward and back-translation by a Japanese Brazilian researcher and a certified translator; synthesis was achieved by consensus, backward translation, pilot test, and finalization. Content validity coefficient was used to assess quality of adaptation. Internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Spearman correlations were between the new short-version-PDS and the Brazilian version of the posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5, and a receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the best cut-off values for the short-version-PDS.Results: The short-version-PDS was well accepted by all subjects, none of the questions were experienced as inappropriate, and all questions of the 3 items were judged important. Item 1 presented CVCt = 0.92; item 2 had a CVCt = 0.87 and item 3 had a CVCt = 0.95. The internal consistency of the final version as measured by Cronbach's alpha was 0.78. The short-version-PDS scale correlated positively with the DSM-5 scale with a Spearman rho of 0.64 (95%CI [0.4-0.8], p 31.0 with sensitivity and specificity are 86.4 and 93.5%, respectively.Conclusions: This Brazilian Portuguese version of the short-version-PDS had good psychometric properties among Brazilian adults with and without PTSD. Transferability and generalizability of the cut-off scores should be further analyzed. (shrink)

Background Moral distress is a phenomenon that can lead to an imbalance of the mind and body. There are many coping strategies to overcome the obstacles that lead the subject to this condition. Some coping strategies are capable of being achieved through the cultivation of moral resilience. Aim The aim is to identify the strategies of moral resilience in the nursing management of University Hospitals in Brazil. Research design The research design is the qualitative study with discursive textual analysis. Participants (...) and research context : 44 nurse managers and nurses in leadership positions participated in a total of 30 University Hospitals in Brazil. Data were collected online, using a questionnaire with open questions. Ethical considerations The Ethics Committee approved the study. Participants received information about the research, agreed to respond to the questionnaire, and were guaranteed anonymity. Findings Personal adaptive strategies (intrapersonal and interpersonal) and organizational collaborative strategies (intrinsic and transformational management) emerged from this process. The intrapersonal strategies involved elements of rationality, flexibility, rebalancing practices, moral courage, and detachment. The interpersonal strategies addressed support networks, team involvement, and dialog. Organizational strategies dealt with actions which reorient ethical infrastructure, ethical education, and psychological protection, as well as fostering dialogical relationships, empowerment, and cooperation. Conclusion From the perspective of social historical construction, it is understood that developing personal and organizational strategies is essential to cultivating moral resilience. (shrink)

O Espiritismo surgiu a partir do trabalho de um francês, Hippolyte-Léon Denizard Rivail, que analisou os fenômenos mediúnicos. A Sociedade Parisiense de Estudos Espíritas (SPEE) foi fundada em 1858, com o objetivo de estudar todos os fenômenos relativos às manifestações espíritas. O nosso objetivo é: investigar a importância que a Sociedade teve no processo de formalização e institucionalização do estudo das manifestações espirituais; analisar o seu papel na elaboração, desenvolvimento, uniformização e consolidação do Espiritismo, à época de Allan Kardec. Utilizamos (...) basicamente fontes primárias: as obras produzidas por Kardec entre 1857 e 1869 e outros manuscritos inéditos. Analisarmos essa documentação, para compreender como e porque se deu a fundação da SPEE, o critério de inclusão/exclusão dos membros, as atividades desenvolvidas e como eram trabalhadas as comunicações mediúnicas recebidas na Sociedade e fora dela, dentro do processo de elaboração do Espiritismo. Concluímos que a SPEE teve um importante papel no processo de elaboração e consolidação do Espiritismo na época de Kardec. Ela se constituiu num espaço de obtenção das comunicações mediúnicas, de debate das informações atribuídas aos espíritos, de elaboração das obras publicadas, instrução para os espíritas, de proposição de um modelo de conduta a ser seguido pelos demais grupos espíritas, de padronização das atividades mediúnicas e da conduta dos médiuns. (shrink)

In Contagious Architecture, Luciana Parisi offers a philosophicalinquiry into the status of the algorithm in architectural and interaction design.

As machines have become increasingly smart and have entangled human thinking with artificial intelligences, it seems no longer possible to distinguish among levels of decision-making that occur in the newly formed space between critical reasoning, logical inference and sheer calculation. Since the 1980s, computational systems of information processing have evolved to include not only deductive methods of decision, whereby results are already implicated in their premises, but have crucially shifted towards an adaptive practice of learning from data, an inductive method (...) of retrieving information from the environment and establishing general premises. This shift in logical methods of decision-making does not simply concern technical apparatuses, but is a symptom of a transformation in logical thinking activated with and through machines. This article discusses the pioneering work of Katherine Hayles, whose study of the cybernetic and computational infrastructures of our culture particularly clarifies this epistemological transformation of thinking in relation to machines. (shrink)

Astract Sex investigates the impact of advances in contemporary science and information technology on conceptions of sex. Evolutionary theory and the technologies of viral information transfer, cloning and genetic engineering are changing the way we think about human sex, reproduction and the communication of genetic information. Abstract Sex presents a philosophical exploration of this new world of sexual, informatic and capitalist multiplicity, of the accelerated mutation of nature and culture.

What is algorithmic thought? It is not possible to address this question without first reflecting on how the Universal Turing Machine transformed symbolic logic and brought to a halt the universality of mathematical formalism and the biocentric speciation of thought. The article draws on Sylvia Wynter’s discussion of the sociogenic principle to argue that both neurocognitive and formal models of automated cognition constitute the epistemological explanations of the origin of the human and of human sapience. Wynter’s argument will be related (...) to Gilbert Simondon’s reflections on ‘technical mentality’ to consider how socio-techno-genic assemblages can challenge the biocentricism and the formalism of modern epistemology. This article turns to ludic logic as one possible example of techno-semiotic languages as a speculative overturning of sociogenic programming. Algorithmic rules become technique-signs coinciding not with classic formalism but with interactive localities without re-originating the universality of colonial and patriarchal cosmogony. (shrink)

Although in Italy there is currently no effective law on physician-assisted suicide or euthanasia, Decision No. 242 issued by the Italian Constitutional Court on September 25, 2019 established that an individual who, under specific circumstances, has facilitated the implementation of an independent and freely-formed resolve to commit suicide by another individual is exempt from criminal liability. Following this ruling, some citizens have submitted requests for assisted suicide to the public health system, generating a situation of great uncertainty in the application (...) processes. As a matter of fact, shared and defined procedures are lacking as Decision 242/2019 merely added some principles on which the legislature will have to base its future intervention. This paper analyses the advisory role that the Decision attributes to territorial ethics committees with the aim of stimulating discussions on their role in oversight mechanisms. The proposed conclusion is that the envisaged role does not appear consistent with the functions of these bodies and is ultimately substantially undefined and unjustified. (shrink)

Why have theories of evolution become now a matter of concern for critically rethinking sex and sexual difference? Why after years of deconstructing the ontologies of sex rooted in biological discourses and metaphysics of identity has critical thought turned to biology, physics, and mathematics? One way to tackle this new turn toward scientific thought may be derived from the reaction against an overused method of textual critique, which has come short of engaging with the reality of matter. If sexuality and (...) sex are material forms of irreducible difference, then one needs a window into the material processes that lead to such forms. (shrink)

En este artículo se analiza la doctrina kantiana de la definición. Se estudia el desarrollo de esa doctrina en las lecciones de lógica del período precrítico, a partir de su comparación con la teoría de las definiciones de Meier. Se sostiene que Kant organiza su estudio a partir de los aspectos escogidos por Meier, pero es crítico de sus tesis.

What has philosophy become after computation? Critical positions about what counts as intelligence, reason, and thinking have addressed this question by reenvisioning and pushing debates about the modern question of technology towards new radical visions. Artificial intelligence, it is argued, is replacing transcendental metaphysics with aggregates of data resulting in predictive modes of decision-making, replacing conceptual reflection with probabilities. This article discusses two main positions. While on the one hand, it is feared that philosophy has been replaced by cybernetic metaphysics, (...) on the other hand it is claimed that only the coconstitution of philosophy and automation challenges modern transcendental reason and colonial capital. As Donna Haraway pointed out, cybernetic circuits of communication have constructed counterfactual ontologies against the master narrative of the human. This article addresses recent attempts at redeveloping a critique of natural philosophy that explains cybernetic metaphysics beyond the universal master narratives of mechanicism and vitalism. This article suggests that the recursive system of nature and technology also needs to account for the problem of philosophical decision, which will be explored in terms of mediatic thinking, instrumentality, and automation. This article follows insights from the movie Get Out (2017) to argue that the model of philosophical decision relies on a servomechanic understanding of the medium of thought, based on the colonial abstraction of value in the prosthetic extension of the slave-machine. It explores the nonphilosophical envisioning of automation in terms of a counterfactual theorisation of the negative negation of the medium and argues for a nonoptical darkness entering the space of thinking. Philosophy and automation are neither coupled nor set in opposition as if in a ceaseless mirroring. Instead, both philosophy and automation must transform their self-determining axiomatics in order to host the heretic activities of machine propositions. (shrink)

According to attention-based theories, to explain organizational attention is to explain organizational behavior. In our study, we test the model of situated attention and firm behavior by examining the effects of attention structures and allocation of attention on organizational outcomes. We hypothesize a positive relationship between attention structures and the allocation of organizational attention that, in turn, has an effect on financial performance. Using a unique data set composed of indicators of social responsibility published by 338 Brazilian organizations between 2001 (...) and 2007, we find support for our hypotheses. Our findings suggest that organizational attention to social issues fully mediates the relationship between attention structures and financial performance. (shrink)

If the image of the future has already been colonized by the inevitability of a planetary automation or by the Singularity, is it at all possible to re-introduce alienness in machine thinking beyond a master pattern that knows it all? As contemporary forms of artificial intelligence such as neural nets experiment with predictive learning generating counter-factual models for what has not yet been thought, they have also become productive of machine percepts and concepts. These are not of an optical nature, (...) but are exclusively algorithmic. However, as opposed to the master pattern of the Singularity aiming to debunk logic from thinking, this article argues that the growth of the automated network is never given: the indeterminacy of fallibility in the trial-and-error efforts to predict what has not yet been programmed – known – constantly defies the master pattern from within the system. This article draws on Octavia E. Butler’s farsighted story of Mary in Mind of My Mind as an example of the alien formation of an intuitive patterning, and of alien image-models ready to take over the transcendental schema of the Patternist. (shrink)

In Western countries, a social trend toward delaying childbearing has been observed in women of reproductive age for the last two decades. This delay is due to different factors related to lifestyle, such as the development of a professional career or the absence of the right partner. As a consequence, women who defer childbearing may find themselves affected by age-related infertility when they decide to conceive. Fertility preservation techniques are, therefore, proposed as a solution for these women. Among all possible (...) solutions, social freezing is an alternative strongly discussed from a scientific, social and ethical point of view.A survey among 930 female students at the University of Padova (Italy) investigated their knowledge and attitudes on social egg freezing and their potential intentions regarding this procedure. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the level of awareness of age-related infertility in Italian young women and their attitudes regarding acceptable indications for elective oocyte freezing, their potential personal use, the circumstances in which they would then decide to use cryopreserved eggs, and their attitudes towards cost coverage and oocyte donation.Data collected in this study revealed some important points about young women and their knowledge about social oocyte freezing in Italy as compared to other European countries and the United States.Overall, 34.3% of the students reported having heard about the possibility of oocyte cryopreservation for non-medical reasons and being aware of the meaning of this procedure; only 19.5% were in favour of social egg freezing and 48.4% thought that the cost for this procedure should be borne entirely by the woman herself. Regarding egg donation, the majority of students (64.9%) would not accept donating their eggs to a known woman or couple and 42.5% would instead accept donating to a biobank.Our study shows that young Italian women are significantly less aware of age-related decline in fertility and the possibility of using social egg freezing compared to their similarly situated counterparts in other Western countries. (shrink)

This article takes inspiration from Kittler’s claim that philosophy has neglected the means used for its production. Kittler’s argument for media ontology will be compared to the post-Kantian project of re-inventing philosophy through the medium of thought (in particular Deleuze’s Spiritual Automaton). The article discusses these views in the context of the automation of logical thinking where procedures, tasks, and functions are part of the instrumental processing of new ends evolving a new mode of reasoning. In particular, the article suggests (...) that in constructivist logic and information theory, the temporal gap between truth and proof, between input and output, can be taken to argue that the means of thought expose the indetermination or the incomputability of proof. The automation of reasoning in logical processing coincides not with mindless correlations of data, replacing axioms with data, truths with self-validating proofs. Instead, the problem of the indeterminacy of proof within automated logic re-habilitates techne or instrumentality, and the relation between means and ends away from classical idealism and analytic realism. By following John Dewey’s argument for instrumentality, it will be argued that the task of thinking today needs to re-invent a logic of techne away from the teleological view of ends or the crisis of finality. If the post-Kantian preoccupations about the task of thinking already announced that the medium of thought could offer possibilities for a non-human philosophy (or a philosophy beyond truth), this article envisions a machine philosophy originating from within computational media. (shrink)

En este artículo discuto la contribución de Matías Oroño, intitulada “El conceptualismo de Kant y los juicios de gusto”. Esta contribución, en lo esencial, es una crítica a la tesis según la cual es posible encontrar una fundamentación del no-conceptualismo kantiano en el tratamiento de los juicios de gusto. Esta tesis es defendida por Dietmar Heidemann en un artículo que Oroño refuta. En el presente artículo se sostiene que la interpretación de Oroño es acertada, con algunos reparos. Sin embargo, me (...) parece importante señalar que Oroño no cuestiona dos premisas del no-conceptualismo sostenidas por Heidemann que necesitan ser revisadas. Estas premisas son: los elementos no-conceptuales que interesan tienen valor cognitivo, esos elementos son fenoménicos, intencionales, representacionales. (shrink)

This paper develops a relational perspective in the philosophy of chemistry. It argues that chemical entities should not be understood as self-subsistent substances endowed with fixed intrinsic properties, but as historically situated and processual realities whose identities emerge through networks of relations. These relations are not limited to intramolecular interactions, but also involve experimental practices, representational tools, technological infrastructures, environmental conditions, social uses, and temporal trajectories. Grounded in Whitehead's process philosophy and in contributions from Schummer, Bensaude-Vincent and Harré, the paper (...) proposes a threefold framework of relationality: ontological, epistemological, and socio-environ mental. At the ontological level, chemical substances are conceived as nodes in dynamic networks of reactivity and transformation; at the epistemological level, chemical knowledge is shown to depend on situated practices of modeling, experimentation, and representation; at the socio-environmental level, chemical entities acquire multiple modes of existence beyond the laboratory. The case of amphetamines illustrates how chemical substances are created, stabilized, circulated, and transformed within scientific, industrial, cultural, and ecological contexts. The paper concludes that a relational philosophy of chemistry offers a more adequate framework for understanding the contingency, plurality, and ethical implications of chemical entities in the world. (shrink)

Ao lado das imagens já conhecidas de Nietzsche como “precursor do nazismo”, “racista”, “pós-moderno”, “pensador perigoso e irracionalista”, em tempos recentes acrescentou-se à imagem de “precursor do transhumanismo”. Ao apresentarmos aqui alguns elementos do transhumanismo, em especial aqueles ligados às mais recentes biotecnologias, bem como alguns conceitos do pensamento de Nietzsche, em especial o além-do-homem e a ontologia da imanência do vir-a-ser, visamos ampliar esse debate, enfatizando que, para Nietzsche, o ideal transhumanista não seria mais do que um sintoma do (...) ideal ascético, tão presente ainda na nossa contemporaneidade. (shrink)

In this paper we examine the use of an analogy taken from physics in the introductory text of the Transcendental Dialectic, in the Critique of Pure Reason. It is argued that the analogy has a didactic purpose and allows Kant to introduce new concepts. This use of analogies is called ‘rhetorical’ and is distinguished from the logical and mathematical uses of analogies.

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar o feminismo decolonial a partir das experiências históricas e das lutas das mulheres indígenas e camponesas de Abya Yala, evidenciando como seus corpos e suas vozes são atravessados pela dupla violação resultante da colonização europeia e da misoginia. A justificativa para a reflexão encontra-se na necessidade de ampliar os estudos sobre o feminismo decolonial, fundamental para compreender as múltiplas formas de opressão vividas por essas mulheres e para reconhecer a originalidade de suas epistemologias (...) e práticas de resistência. A metodologia consistiu em revisão bibliográfica de autoras como María Galindo, Rita Segato, Lorena Cabnal, Julieta Paredes, Francesca Gargallo e Lia Pinheiro Barbosa, articulando suas contribuições com conceitos desenvolvidos pelo Grupo Modernidade/Colonialidade, como modernidade, colonialidade e decolonialidade. O percurso analítico demonstra que o feminismo decolonial não se reduz à soma entre crítica feminista e crítica decolonial, mas propõe uma ruptura epistemológica com o feminismo ocidental, ao reconhecer que colonização, racismo e misoginia constituem processos imbricados e interdependentes. Evidencia-se que, para as mulheres indígenas, a luta individual e a coletiva são inseparáveis, pois carregam as marcas da violência colonial e da intensificação das desigualdades de gênero provocada pelo patriarcado europeu, que ao se somar ao patriarcado já existente nas comunidades originárias, ampliou as formas de opressão. Nesse sentido, o feminismo decolonial propõe um movimento de retorno às comunidades, à ancestralidade e às cosmovisões originárias, assumindo a territorialidade e a coletividade como fundamentos da resistência. Conclui-se, portanto, que o feminismo decolonial, ao questionar o privilégio epistêmico do feminismo branco e afirmar os saberes situados das mulheres de Abya Yala, contribui para a construção de epistemologias plurais e para o combate à reprodução da colonialidade na produção do conhecimento. (shrink)

Las heroínas de las tragedias euripideas Medea e Hipsípila coinciden en numerosos aspectos: se vincularon con Jasón, tuvieron hijos con él, se encuentran en una tierra extranjera sin la supervisión de su _kýrios_ y están lejos de su _oîkos_ natal. Mi objetivo consiste en analizar cómo se representa en cada drama el vínculo entre estas mujeres, sus tutores y sus casas paternas. Para ello, estudio en detalle el momento en el que se alejan de sus padres y hogares buscando definir (...) si esos modos dispares de separación anticipan el futuro de sus propios _oîkoi_ y herederos. (shrink)

El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar que las emociones juegan un rol constitutivo en el concepto de justicia epistémica acuñado por Miranda Fricker. A este respecto, tomamos como punto de partida la crítica de Alexis Shotwell con arreglo a la cual la teoría de Fricker envuelve en sí misma una forma de injusticia epistémica. Esta crítica se basa en la opinión de que Fricker no considera otros recursos epistémicos aparte del conocimiento proposicional. A nuestro juicio, esta visión es inexacta. (...) Mientras es cierto que esta última se enfoca en el conocimiento proposicional, no es verdad que descarte otros tipos de conocimiento. Precisamente porque Fricker les concede a las emociones un papel central, y las emociones están compuestas de sentimientos y creencias, hay lugar para otras formas de conocimiento en donde aspectos proposicionales y no proposicionales vienen acoplados. (shrink)

The advent of the COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly transformed grief around the world. What are the impacts of context factors regarding the COVID-19 pandemic on dysfunctional symptoms of grief? This is a study with a qualitative approach, integrative review, whose article data collection was carried out in the following databases: Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), Portal Brasileiro de Publicações e Dados Científicos em Acesso Aberto (Oasisbr), United States National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Scientific Electronic Library (SciELO) and Web of Science. (...) Thirty-three articles were selected for the analysis. The studies showed different results when the risk factors were detailed individually. However, the pandemic context proved to be a complex element that created vulnerability associated with grieving. Bioethics presents itself as a locus of interdisciplinary discussion for a more profound understanding of the complex specificities and, based on the social and political responsibility of Protection Bioethics to protect vulnerable populations, it is recommended to mental health professionals who intentionally explore the impacts of the pandemic on the grieving process. The suffering of people bereaved during the pandemic must be publicly recognized, offering safe spaces for reception and sharing. (shrink)

According to several passages in the available sources, Kant developed some ideas about the difference between being persuaded and being convinced which have antecedents in the German tradition, but with regard to which he developed ideas of his own. It is my intention to examine precisely some of these passages. I will explain how the philosopher understood this difference, what its relevance is and why the figure of the other is necessary to determine it. For this purpose, texts published in (...) the critical period and students’ lecture notes from the same period are considered. Furthermore, I will compare the treatment of the subject in these sources and in the textbooks used by Kant in his courses. In the conclusions, the link between this issue and Kantian arguments in defending freedom of thought and expression is also suggested. In order to do so, I first explain the notion of holding to be true and its difference from the notion of being true. Secondly, I examine what it means to be convinced and what it means to be persuaded. Finally, I analyse the relevance of alterity for the identification of this difference and consider the importance of freedom of expression. (shrink)

This paper explores the intersection of art and artificial intelligence, focusing on the aesthetic and philosophical implications of AI-generated art. While systems like Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN s) and diffusion models have grown increasingly sophisticated, they often replicate rather than redefine traditional notions of creativity, originality, and beauty. By examining the aesthetic and philosophical dimensions of AI-generated art, we highlight its tendency toward redundancy and its alignment with commodified, crowd-pleasing aesthetics. Drawing on Immanuel Kant, Vilém Flusser, and Walter Benjamin, we (...) argue that AI art struggles to break new ground, instead reinforcing familiar styles and contributing to what we term “redundancy” in the art world. Finally, engaging with the concepts of Spielraum and homo ludens, the paper advocates for reimagining AI as a tool for artistic play and experimentation, capable of fostering innovation and challenging technological determinism. (shrink)

Within the doctrine of Fürwahrhalten, Kant distinguishes between cognition, opinion and belief. Belief is a conviction based on subjective grounds. Kant distinguishes between theoretical belief and practical belief, and within the latter he distinguishes between pragmatic belief and moral belief. The notion of negative belief is embedded in the context of an argument intended to show that what moral belief refers to is more than a mere opinion and is based on subjective grounds. If the concept of moral belief is (...) based on man’s moral disposition, it is unavoidable. As a condition, the Gesinnung in us is not subject to contingency, since even the most faithless person does not have the means to escape the fear of God. The moral disposition on which the belief in reason is based is not a contingent disposition, but is rooted in the limits of our capacity and has its seat in the nature of our reason itself. (shrink)

En la filosofía política contemporánea persiste una discusión sobre la relación entre genealogía y normatividad, según la cual ambas se excluyen mutuamente. Esta controversia, se enmarca en las coordenadas propias de las discusiones en el ámbito anglosajón, desde donde tendió a dejarse de lado el valor de los análisis de Foucuault para pensar lo jurídico. Por ello, en este trabajo se propone retomar el vínculo que, en los textos foucaulteanos, la crítica guarda con la genealogía como método de trabajo filosófico, (...) y con la normatividad como uno de los aspectos o dimensiones de este vínculo, con la finalidad de replantear la utilidad de de las genealogías en el campo jurídico, y reinscribir el derecho como un objeto de reflexión histórico-crítica. El artículo se desarrolla en tres partes, la primera dedicada a la noción de crítica en Foucault y Kosseleck, quienes ahondaron en la configuración que la cuestión tuvo, en Occidente, desde la modernidad en adelante. La segunda, se ocupa de la genealogía como método crítico filosófico en el pensamiento de Foucuault. Y, la tercera, se ocupa de la manera en que la normatividad se encuentra en el corazón de la filosofía foucaulteana, y del tipo de caracterizaciones y distinciones que Foucault realizó en torno de ella, en la década de 1970. (shrink)

O presente texto é oriundo da disciplina “Antropologia do Risco e da Resiliência” ofertada pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia Social da Universidade Federal de Santa Catariana (UFSC), ministrada pelo professor Caetano Sordi entre março e julho de 2024. No texto tento refletir sobre conceitos e perspectivas sobre risco e resiliência discutidas ao longo da disciplina, no qual vislumbro a possibilidade diálogo com meu projeto de pesquisa que busca debruça-se no protagonismo da negritude feminina em Batalha no estado do Piauí, (...) focalizando em estratégias para promover o sustento de seus grupos domésticos, e na luta pelo reconhecimento de seus territórios. O objetivo do presente texto é propor pensar em como mulheres negras evocam a resiliência diante dos riscos produzindo suas estratégias de resistência. Em sua escrita marcante, Conceição Evaristo traduz em Olhos d’água realidades e sentimentos que retratam a vida dura de pessoas negras, principalmente de mulheres que sofrem com a pobreza, com a violência em diversas instâncias e com o racismo. O conto A gente combinamos de não morrer que integra o livro Olhos d’água nos lembra das lutas, sonhos, medos de pessoas que não se entregam ao desespero e combinam de não morrer. (shrink)

Este trabajo se articula en torno de la noción de justicia epistémica, la cual será abordada, prioritariamente, en función de su carácter de virtud intelectual. Para otorgarle un marco de discusión más amplio a dicho concepto, se tomará como punto de partida el giro aretaico de la epistemología contemporánea, y se identificarán las dos aproximaciones principales a la noción de virtud intelectual que tuvieron lugar bajo su amparo. En un segundo momento, se ofrecerá un examen de la estructura de la (...) virtud de la justicia epistémica a partir de la reconstrucción de ciertos elementos centrales de la teoría de Miranda Fricker, elucidando a un tiempo qué concepciones de corte neo-aristotélico impactaron sobre la misma. Finalmente, se propondrá entender a la justicia epistémica como una virtud central de la adjudicación, explicitándose los motivos de su importancia, a pesar de las objeciones que podrían plantearse en su contra. (shrink)

Resumen: En el presente artículo buscaremos analizar los diversos tratamientos que Walter Benjamin ha realizado a lo largo de su obra acerca de la crítica como temática eminentemente filosófica. Para ello abordaremos, en primer lugar, su acercamiento a la poesía del Romanticismo alemán, luego a la poesía barroca y, finalmente, a la obra de Baudelaire con el objetivo de justificar que una comprensión acabada de la crítica implica necesariamente para el filósofo alemán recuperar la actualización como clave de lectura de (...) la historia. En efecto, si actualizar presupone para Benjamin la asunción de la no coincidencia del tiempo consigo mismo, esto es, la supervivencia del pasado en el presente y el potencial significante de sus emergencias, buscaremos mostrar cómo la noción de crítica benjaminiana descansa en ese diferencial temporal y encuentra allí su fuente de sentido.: In this article we intend to analyze the different considerations that Walter Benjamin carried out in his work on the problem of critique as an eminently philosophical subject. To do this, we will address, first, his approach to German romantic poetry, then baroque poetry and, finally, Baudelaire’s work, in order to explain how a full comprehension of critique means, for the German philosopher, to recover the idea of “actualization” as a key for reading History. In fact, if the actualization presupposes, for Benjamin, the assumption of the non-coincidence of time with itself, that is, the survival of the past within the present and its potentiality to signify, we try to show how Benjamin’s notion of criticism rests on that temporal difference and finds there its source of meaning. (shrink)

Public health emergencies such as pandemics can put health systems in a position where they need to ration medical equipment and interventions because the resources available are not sufficient to meet demand. In public health management, the fair allocation of resources is a permanent and cross-sector issue since resources, and especially economic resources, are not infinite. During the COVID-19 pandemic resources need to be allocated under conditions of extreme urgency and uncertainty. One very problematic aspect has concerned intensive care medicine (...) and age discrimination has been among the most hotly discussed issues, as age has been touted as a probable criterion for selection. In this paper we analyse some documents originating from scientific societies and medical associations, mainly related to EU sphere and available in English, French, Spanish and Italian (Switzerland, Spain, Belgium, France, England and Italy), concerning the criteria for admission to the intensive care units. We highlights how, in most of these documents, it is explicitly stated that “age itself” is not a criterion for patient selection. Our conclusion is that these criteria should be defined in advance of a crisis situation and be grounded in clinical indicators. Establishing “cut-off” policies with regard to criteria such as age or chronic disability is definitely an unjustifiable form of discrimination even in the context of a public health emergency. (shrink)

At the turn of the 21st century, topology, the mathematical study of spatial properties that remain the same under the continuous deformation of objects, has come to invest all fields of aesthetics and culture. In particular, the algebraic topology of continuity has added to the digital realm of binary information, the on and off states of 0s and 1s, an invariant property (e.g. a continuous function), which now governs the relation between different forms of data. As this invariant function of (...) continual transformation has entered the field of automated computation, the culture of binary digits has shifted towards a new level of calculation derived from the introduction of temporal quantities into finite sets of algorithmic instructions and parameters. This new level of topological computation, it will be argued, defines new operative procedures of control, constantly adding axioms at the limit of calculation through an invariant function that establishes a smooth or uninterrupted connectivity between distinct data. The establishment of a continual function between distinct forms of data is based on homeomorphism or topological isomorphism between data objects, of which parametricism, as the new global style for architecture and design, is a perfect example. (shrink)

ABSTRACT The objective of this research is to analyze how the motherhood of black women is represented in the short story O retorno de Tatiana [Tatiana’s Return], by Miriam Alves, considering the reference to Afro-diasporic matrices and how they bring ancestry to this narrative. The discussion is committed to theories and concepts specific to contemporary Afro-Brazilian literature at the intersection with theoretical paradigms originating from black feminist thought. By engendering a means of freedom and transcendence, Miriam Alves raises reflection on (...) the prohibition of motherhood for black women and the ways in which they can exercise motherhood through matrifocality and motherhood by extension, also thinking the religiosity of Afro-descendant origin as a place of healing for womb-matrix of the main character. The short story can be instituted as a settlement of resistance, with the ancestral force manifested in the way of living, feeling and writing. (shrink)

Neste artigo, acompanhamos o percurso teórico e clínico de Freud, destacando como a sua formação médica e a sua interlocução com a neurologia e a psiquiatria de sua época foram decisivas para a construção de um novo modelo clínico. Analisamos a emergência da psicanálise no interior do campo médico como uma inflexão conceitual fundamental: do órgão ao sujeito, da lesão à linguagem, da observação à escuta. Por meio de uma leitura cronológica e articulada de textos pré-psicanalíticos, clínicos e metapsicológicos, evidenciamos (...) de que modo Freud abordou os sintomas e os fenômenos, deslocando-se da neurologia localizacionista para uma escuta orientada pela lógica do inconsciente. Ao examinarmos o diálogo crítico de Freud com figuras centrais da psiquiatria clássica, demostramos ainda como, na psicanálise, o diagnóstico não se reduz à nomeação classificatória, mas se insere na direção do tratamento, ressaltando a função singular da escuta clínica. Propomos, assim, uma recusa à normatização, reafirmando a posição ética da psicanálise diante dos desafios contemporâneos da patologização generalizada, ao sustentar uma clínica que se orienta pela escuta do sujeito: prática capaz de resistir ao diagnosticismo da experiência subjetiva. (shrink)

En este artículo se examina la noción de analogía en la filosofía de Kant. Excluido el significado coloquial del término, se identifican tres ámbitos de uso de esa noción. Se trata del ámbito de la lógica, el de la matemática y el de la filosofía crítica. Se sostiene que el uso de analogías en la filosofía crítica se vincula con la noción matemática de analogía, pero no se identifica con esta.

Apresenta-se, a seguir, a primeira tradução para a língua portuguesa do prefácio escrito por Sigmund Freud, em 1919, para o livro Das Ritual: Psychoanalytische Studien, de Theodor Reik. Trata-se de um texto breve, porém denso, no qual Freud revisita o percurso da psicanálise desde seu surgimento como resposta a uma necessidade médica – diante de sintomas que escapavam aos tratamentos então disponíveis – até a sua consolidação como campo teórico voltado também à compreensão de produções como a arte, a religião (...) e a cultura. (shrink)

Este trabajo reflexiona críticamente sobre la construcción discursiva de la Patagonia como una distancia intersubjetiva, relativa, polisémica e histórica. En el análisis se distinguen las ideas de la región como territorio, unidad geocultural, geografía imaginaria, domicilio existencial y lugar de enunciación, y se señalan algunas de sus superposiciones y contradicciones conceptuales más frecuentes. Se problematizan las perspectivas esencialistas y folklorizantes de la región y su literatura, así como la inscripción de la Patagonia en las cartografías culturales nacionales y nacionalistas. This (...) work proposes a critical reflection about the discursive construction of the Patagonia as an inter-subjective, relative, polysemic and historical distance. In the present analysis, we distinguish between different ideas of the region, such as territory, geocultural unit, imaginary geography, existential residence and locus of enunciation, and we indicate some of its overlapping and more frequent conceptual contradictions. We criticize the essentialist and folklorist perspectives of the region and its literature, as well as the inscription of the Patagonia in the national and nationalistic cultural cartographies. (shrink)

Los héroes que participan de la célebre convocatoria de Jasón para ir a la Cólquide en busca del vellocino de oro son precedidos por una reconocida identidad individual que coexiste, mientras dura la expedición, con la identificación colectiva argonáutica. La caracterización Minia que se despliega a lo largo de la epopeya propone mantener la concordia (ὁμόνοια) y solidaridad entre los compañeros y rechazar la ira (μῆνις) y la soberbia, inter alia. Sin embargo, Idas y Anceo, dos participantes de la empresa, (...) son presentados en el catálogo como soberbios (ὑπέρβιος). Mi objetivo en este artículo consiste en analizar cómo se define la identidad argonáutica y de qué manera se resuelve la tensión entre la identificación singular de Idas y Anceo con las cualidades grupales establecidas. (shrink)

Nesse artigo, apontamos alguns elementos para entender como a perspectiva interseccional deve estar presente em análises e estudos da atualidade. Aqui, expusemos a crise da democracia brasileira, sua relação com o racismo estrutural presente no país e a contribuição de mandatos coletivos para a superação desse desafio. Apresentaremos o quadro evolutivo de candidaturas coletivas que tiveram êxito nas eleições de 2016 a 2022, nas esferas municipal e estadual, e como a composição desses mandatos pode contribuir para uma nova forma de (...) diálogo de parlamentares com a população. Apresentamos ainda uma análise relacionada ao desempenho dos mandatos, na perspectiva da coletividade. Os Mandatos coletivos vêm trazendo cada vez mais a possibilidade de ocupação de espaços por grupos historicamente apagados, como a população negra, indígena, LGBTQIAPN+ e Pessoas com deficiência. Na proposta de sua atuação, assinala-se a horizontalidade de atuação, quebrando com a forma historicamente construída e hegemônica de atuar no parlamento. Na análise em questão, focamos nosso recorte em mandatos coletivos compostos por mulheres negras no Nordeste do país, no estado do Ceará, onde a capital de Fortaleza elegeu o primeiro mandato coletivo do Estado, a Mandata Nossa Cara. O estudo adota a metodologia da escrevivência considerando a proximidade da autora com a campanha e parte inicial da condução do mandato, em seguida fazendo parte da Frente Nacional de Mandatas e Mandatos Coletivos. Apontamos para um melhor acompanhamento dessas candidaturas e seus desdobramentos em mandatos, bem como da legislação necessária para que a efetividade de coletividades representadas nos parlamentos aumente a participação política de populações minorizadas. (shrink)