O artigo examina as perspectivas de formação pedagógica de professores, no âmbito da educação profissional no Brasil, olhando-as a partir de resultados de estudos. A investigação consiste em uma análise qualitativa e interpretativa, baseada em uma análise de conteúdo, sobre dissertações e teses voltadas à temática ‘formação pedagógica de professores na educação profissional’, produzidas no período compreendido entre 2005-2015. Este recorte temporal foi estabelecido tendo em vista a expansão dos estudos sobre esta temática, concomitante a expansão da própria educação profissional (...) em nosso país. Os dados foram analisados sob a luz das perspectivas teóricas relacionadas à profissionalidade e constituição docente, esboçadas por Maurice Tardif, José Contreras e José Gimeno Sacristán. Os resultados evidenciaram perspectivas distintas de formação pedagógica docente, das quais duas são discutidas neste artigo: formação profissional docente que prioriza a articulação entre teoria e prática e a complementaridade entre disciplinas e dimensões formativas, na medida em que os docentes reconhecem a importância e valorizam a dimensão pedagógica da formação para a concretização da prática profissional; e formação profissional docente que se concretiza mediante a constituição profissional do professor e a prática pedagógica, visto que para um grupo de professores desta modalidade de educação o conhecimento prático assume centralidade na constituição docente. Palavras-chave : Formação de professores. Educação Profissional. Formação pedagógica. Profissionalidade. (shrink)

Uma das questões mais difíceis de discernir no âmbito do uso das TICs é decidir o que seria aquilo que chamamos de identidade. Há termos que se referem a partes ou momentos específicos da identidade nas TICs, tanto ao uso quanto ao desenvolvimento que essas identidades podem ter em relação ao envolvimento do usuário. Deste modo, afirmamos que existe uma forma de compreender a identidade no uso das TICs como tentativa de se livrar deste emaranhado de termos e conceitos dispersos (...) que parte da análise do progresso que as tecnologias da informação e comunicação tiveram desde a introdução em massa dos computadores pessoais e a expansão das redes sociais. Assim, será exposto o modo como a identidade passa da fase digital, para fase virtual, para a fase de identidade pessoal online, e por fim se tornando restos digitais. (shrink)

En este texto nos proponemos abordar la última clase del semanario de Deleuze sobre el poder en Foucault a partir de dos momentos. El primero tiene que ver con el concepto de imagen y la interpretación sobre el cine que ya venía siendo una constante —aunque marginalmente— en estas clases de Deleuze. Seguidamente, el segundo momento tiene que ver con la relación entre poder y resistencia que arroja como resultado una interpretación del pensamiento de Foucault por parte de Deleuze como (...) una obra viva y en constante construcción. Así, cumpliremos con la exigencia de una lectura que invita a pensar en los conceptos como herramientas de análisis integradas al desarrollo de situaciones donde el poder se presenta como noción central. (shrink)

En este trabajo nos enfocamos fundamentalmente en responder dos interrogantes: (a) ¿Pueden las mujeres ser sujetos ilustrados desde la perspectiva de Hume? y en caso de responder afirmativamente, (b) ¿resulta esta ilustración emancipatoria en términos feministas? En primer lugar, reconstruimos las principales líneas de interpretación feministas de la obra de Hume para ubicar nuestra propuesta dentro de una corriente interpretativa poco explorada aún. En segundo lugar, precisamos el sentido que puede adoptar la noción de “ilustración” en la filosofía de Hume, (...) en discusión con debates de la literatura secundaria contemporánea. En tercer lugar, orientamos nuestra reflexión a responder el primero de los interrogantes e indagamos si las mujeres están incluidas dentro de los rasgos ilustrados que podemos reconocer en el pensamiento de Hume y en qué condiciones. En cuarto y último lugar, ensayamos una respuesta al segundo interrogante: si aquello que podemos interpretar como ilustración femenina en clave humeana constituye una vía para la emancipación de la dominación patriarcal o si, por el contrario, refuerza el sometimiento de las mujeres. (shrink)

Este artículo investiga la viabilidad teórica de representar digitalmente el dolor humano a través de sistemas de inteligencia artificial, utilizando como fundamento la distinción humeana entre "es" y "debe ser". Argumento que el dolor no es mera factualidad biológica, sino una experiencia estructurada por valores duales (bueno/malo, normal/anormal) que conectan sensaciones objetivas a significados existenciales subjetivos. -/- Inspirándome en la filosofía moral de Hume, donde la razón es instrumental y sirve a valores externos, demuestro que algoritmos de IA, especialmente sistemas (...) de Aprendizaje por Refuerzo Profundo, pueden representar eficazmente la complejidad del dolor cuando son alimentados por valores bien estructurados y jerarquizados. -/- La relevancia práctica de mi abordaje reside en combatir la injusticia epistémica sufrida por pacientes crónicos cuyos relatos son frecuentemente desvalidados, ofreciendo una herramienta tecnológica que valida perspectivas individuales dentro de contextos compartidos y restaura a los enfermos el control sobre sus narrativas de salud, siempre que los sistemas operen en un perspectivismo responsable que equilibre valores universales con singularidades existenciales. (shrink)

In this paper we discuss Ned Hall's critique of David Lewis's counterfactual theory of causation, in particular for its alleged inability to account for cases of double prevention. To do so, we focus on Pablo Melogno's response to Hall, where he claims that Hall's proposed tension between the concept of dependence and the locality thesis in cases of double prevention is the effect of the omission of essential details to complete the causal chain in the examples used by Hall. Here (...) we propose to take a further step in the defense of the counterfactual theory begun by Melogno, by reviewing the examples proposed by Hall, the modifications complexified by Melogno and the corollaries that follow from them, and proposing some relevant conceptual extensions to the ideas of the three authors. (shrink)

Taxa and homologues can in our view be construed both as kinds and as individuals. However, the conceptualization of taxa as natural kinds in the sense of homeostatic property cluster kinds has been criticized by some systematists, as it seems that even such kinds cannot evolve due to their being homeostatic. We reply by arguing that the treatment of transformational and taxic homologies, respectively, as dynamic and static aspects of the same homeostatic property cluster kind represents a good perspective for (...) supporting the conceptualization of taxa as kinds. The focus on a phenomenon of homology based on causal processes (e.g., connectivity, activity-function, genetics, inheritance, and modularity) and implying relationship with modification yields a notion of natural kinds conforming to the phylogenetic-evolutionary framework. Nevertheless, homeostatic property cluster kinds in taxonomic and evolutionary practice must be rooted in the primacy of epistemological classification (homology as observational properties) over metaphysical generalization (series of transformation and common ancestry as unobservational processes). The perspective of individuating characters exclusively by historical-transformational independence instead of their developmental, structural, and functional independence fails to yield a sufficient practical interplay between theory and observation. Purely ontological and ostensional perspectives in evolution and phylogeny (e.g., an ideographic character concept and PhyloCode’s ‘individualism’ of clades) may be pragmatically contested in the case of urgent issues in biodiversity research, conservation, and systematics. (shrink)

A recent stream of epistemology gives special relevance to ignorance within the framework of an epistemological theory. Indeed, some want to give a significant role to ignorance in epistemological theorizing. In this paper, we argue that a particular sort of ignorance, which involves recognition of the fact that one is ignorant, is central to the acquisition of knowledge given the epistemic structure of society. It is clear, we hold, that Socrates realized the relevance of what we call ‘Socratic ignorance’ in (...) the acquisition of knowledge and was aware of the division of epistemic and cognitive labor that we find in our society. We shall explain the way we understand this Socratic ignorance, as opposed to what we will call ‘stubborn ignorance’ and the role this ignorance of Socratic overtones and related character traits can play in the acquisition of knowledge from others and with others. (shrink)

This paper presents the foundation upon which the contemporary knowledge of body integrity dysphoria (BID) is built. According to the World Health Organisation’s International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition (ICD-11), the main feature of BID is an intense and persistent desire to become physically disabled in a significant way. Three putative aetiologies that are considered to explain the insurgence of the condition are discussed: neurological, psychological and postmodern theories. The concept of bodily representation within the medical context is highlighted, with (...) the concept of dysphoria, which was brought to the fore with the introduction of the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5), and the ICD-11. Contemporary issues of “justice” are addressed to identify ethically relevant distinctions between BID and sex reassignment surgery. It is argued that there is no ethically relevant difference between the BID actor’s desire for invasive surgical intervention and the wish of gender dysphoric individuals to undergo sex reassignment surgery procedures. Some BID actors self-mutilate, and this presents medical professionals with difficult choices regarding whether or not to intervene in order to satisfy the BID patient’s desire. Both abstention and intervention may lead to severe ethical complications for doctors and patients despite the positive outcomes in terms of quality of life for BID individuals who manage to undergo such procedures. (shrink)

Apresentação à tradução de Goethe como filósofo, de Eckart Förster, por Renato Costa Leandro.

This paper examines the Problem of the Distribution of Evil (PODE): why serious harms tend to cluster rather than spread evenly. Building on the idea that much suffering is socially structured and focusing on assurance games such as Stag Hunt, we define Structural Evil as the pattern of harm that arises from risk-dominant coordination traps, where harmful behavior becomes the “safe” choice under uncertainty. We suggest that these structural dynamics often sustain, concentrate, and amplify a wide range of evils, helping (...) to explain observed clustering. In response to James Sterba’s prevention challenge, we argue that routine miraculous “rescues” by God would disrupt coordination and ultimately cause more harm than they prevent. Guided by a Non-Manipulative Intervention Constraint (NMIC), we propose an information-centered toolkit, including truthful public signals, credible joint commitments, neutral monitoring, and shared focal practices, that aligns expectations and makes mutual cooperation the safest strategy for each agent. According to this view, subtle epistemic guidance—reorganizing the informational environment—can enable God to prevent many harms while maintaining human agency and dignity. (shrink)

En el presente artículo se presenta una reconstrucción del episodio histórico de la cristalización del _management_ industrial a través de la introducción de la Teoría de la Dinámica de Sistemas de Jay Wright Forrester de la Sloan School of Management del MIT. Para ello, se utilizarán explícitamente las herramientas historiográficas provistos por el marco metateórico de Thomas Kuhn, por considerarlo de gran fertilidad para dar cuenta de los episodios de maduración de disciplinas científicas.

The evidential problem of evil endures because the pervasiveness and severity of suffering appear antecedently unlikely on theism, while piecemeal theodicies trade one set of intuitions for another. We advance a Theodicy of Finitude: a structural, heuristic model that represents worlds populated by finite agents via a mathematical concept, the Pareto Frontier, among incompossible goods. Within this framework, moral evil is avoidable loss, states dominated by better available options, whereas tragic evil consists in the ineliminable costs of efficient states. The (...) model clarifies constraints and value trade-offs without implying either that God optimizes the world or that efficiency yields moral verdicts. Mapping familiar strategies onto this geometry reveals free-will, soul-making, and greater-good approaches as disciplined special cases, consistent with the epistemic modesty commended by skeptical theism. On this view, the charge of gratuitous evil is reframed: the absence of token-level purposes often reflects the price of sustaining the goods that render finite life livable. We address objections concerning specificity, horrors and affective limits, arguing that structural explanation excuses no wrongdoing and substitutes for neither lament nor justice. Together, these results suggest a unifying framework for theodicy, one that interprets diverse responses as contributions to a shared effort to map a single logical structure that reconciles divine goodness with the presence of evil. (shrink)

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo indagar la biotecnología actual a partir de su caracterización como uso de los organismos y extracción de productos útiles para beneficios humanos. Esta idea de la biotecnología es identificada en la ponencia con la definición heideggeriana de recurso (Bestand) y la era moderna de la tecnología que se define por la manipulación, almacenamiento, y lucro del organismo y sus diversas partes. La pregunta, a partir de ello, es: ¿Hay otro tipo de comprensión posible del (...) organismo que escape a los principios mecanicistas y vitalistas de la vida y, al mismo tiempo, pueda fundar una biotecnología no reductiva? Respecto a esto se desarrolla el trabajo siguiendo los lineamientos heideggerianos, y de otros biólogos contemporáneos, para mostrar de qué manera una ontología modal puede dar argumentos sólidos con el fin de configurar un mundo de posibilidades abiertas en que la identidad es esencialmente práctica. (shrink)

The following paper examines Tuomela’s explanation of the appearance of basic social facts. In this proposal, the elementary components of a social ontology are due to the “collective intentionality” shared by different actors. Even though Tuomela alludes to language being present in some forms of intentionality in his exhibition, his reconstruction is oriented towards other forms of generating social facts that suppos-edly would not include it. In this writing, it will be argued, on the contrary, that it is not possible (...) to avoid the main mechanism of generation of basic phenomena of sociality in any of its instances. Once language takes its central place as the main mechanism for coordinating action, creator of social groups and guide for a social ontology, many of the distinctions of the intentionalist program lose relevance from an ontological point of view. (shrink)

Global Mental Health is a field of research and practice that addresses the expansion of universal and equitable mental health care worldwide. This article explores the ways the concept of culture is employed in Global Mental Health literature. Global Mental Health advocates and critics assume an ontological separation between ‘nature’ and ‘culture’ to typify mental illness, linking it predominantly to one or the other of these two categories. Advocates of Global Mental Health view mental disorders as a nature–culture hybrid, while (...) critics see them as typically cultural phenomena. The cultural critique of Global Mental Health can be strengthened by a sociological approach to both the role of critique and the uses of the concept of culture within social sciences. As an alternative to the ontologization of culture, we propose a different theoretical approach to the social issues involved in the expansion of international public health care in mental health: Arthur Kleinman's and Didier Fassin’s moral anthropological approaches. (shrink)

El artículo examina la imagen de lo femenino que arroja la figura de Isabel I en La historia de Inglaterra a la luz del contraste con otras figuras femeninas que la anteceden en la obra, bajo el principio metodológico de que una lectura en contraste con anteriores hitos femeninos en la narración histórica de Hume puede iluminar la naturaleza del género en el carácter regio de Isabel I. En primer lugar, identificamos las distintas vías por la cuales Hume se aproxima (...) a la figura política y al carácter personal de Isabel: (a) su discurso político, (b) los atributos de su persona, (c) las cualidades de su carácter y (d) su sensibilidad política. Luego, empleamos el paralelismo planteado en el volumen IV entre Isabel y María I de Escocia para interpretar las apreciaciones de Hume en clave genderizada y para iluminar la naturaleza política de la coquetería. (shrink)

El tango y la música contemporánea han encontrado puntos de confluencia en diversas obras y compositores a lo largo del siglo xx. Stravinsky, Piazzolla, Rovira, Kagel, Gandini, Etkin –ya a comienzos del xxi– (Martin, Música contemporánea y tango 82) son ejemplos de miradas –tanto desde lo popular hacia lo académico (Martin, Eduardo Rovira 74) como desde lo académico hacia lo popular– en las que un proceso sincrético o intertextual integra materiales y procedimientos del tango y de la música académica, utilizando (...) como campo de negociación la partitura (Buch 204). La obra Targo, estrenada por el Ensemble Mosaik y publicada por Universal Edition, es un ejemplo de elaboración enmascarada de este tipo de síntesis, en la cual se parte de rasgos ornamentales o idiomáticos del género rioplatense –en particular las técnicas extendidas de la cuerda con carácter percusivo sistematizadas por Piazzolla (Martin, La cuerda en el tango 25)– para dar forma a una pieza actual que se integra en el repertorio de esta agrupación centroeuropea, sin resignar las raíces musicales argentinas del autor. Mediante el análisis de la sintaxis de la obra daremos cuenta de este proceso de desarrollo creativo como respuesta al estancamiento estilístico compositivo pospiazzolleano.El tango y la música contemporánea han encontrado puntos de confluencia en diversas obras y compositores a lo largo del siglo xx. Stravinsky, Piazzolla, Rovira, Kagel, Gandini, Etkin –ya a comienzos del xxi– (Martin, Música contemporánea y tango 82) son ejemplos de miradas –tanto desde lo popular hacia lo académico (Martin, Eduardo Rovira 74) como desde lo académico hacia lo popular– en las que un proceso sincrético o intertextual integra materiales y procedimientos del tango y de la música académica, utilizando como campo de negociación la partitura (Buch 204). La obra Targo, estrenada por el Ensemble Mosaik y publicada por Universal Edition, es un ejemplo de elaboración enmascarada de este tipo de síntesis, en la cual se parte de rasgos ornamentales o idiomáticos del género rioplatense –en particular las técnicas extendidas de la cuerda con carácter percusivo sistematizadas por Piazzolla (Martin, La cuerda en el tango 25)– para dar forma a una pieza actual que se integra en el repertorio de esta agrupación centroeuropea, sin resignar las raíces musicales argentinas del autor. Mediante el análisis de la sintaxis de la obra daremos cuenta de este proceso de desarrollo creativo como respuesta al estancamiento estilístico compositivo pospiazzolleano. (shrink)

The Tupi Letters are rare colonial documents that were written in the ancient Tupi language and present the conversation of four important indigenous chiefs of the Potiguara folk, Antonio Felipe Camarao, Diogo Pinheiro Camarao, Pedro Poti and Diogo da Costa, who were captains during the context of Dutch Brazil (1630-1654). This paper analyzed the religious discourse of Camarões and the Costa, which were Catholic, and of Poti, which was Calvinist, in which, through the appeal to faith, they tried to convince (...) each other to defect and join their cause. Such an event occurred during the battles of the Brazilian Restoration War (1645-1654), in which the Portugueses tried again to expel the Dutchmen. The letters reflect not only the war scenario of the time, but mainly the religious mentality of the period, referring to the context of religious wars. (shrink)

In this paper I focus on Mary Astell’s treatment and uses of Machiavelli’s works and ideas in her political pamphlet Moderation truly Stated. I claim that there is in it an Anglican appropriation of some Machiavellian civic-humanist vocabulary. I show that in reconciling key Machiavellian insights with her Christian view of politics, Astell considerably qualifies them. Nevertheless, I argue that they are indeed operative in her political arguments (explicitly and implicitly), most significantly in its feminist agenda. I conclude, against some (...) previous interpretations, that there is a neo-Machiavellian side to Astellian political analysis, both at the theoretical and pragmatic level. (shrink)

The aims of this paper is to discuss the main points in which Deleuze sees Kant's thought as an enemy and an ally, especially in the problem of difference. The purpose of this article is to discuss the main points in which Deleuze sees Kant's thought as an enemy and an ally, especially in the problem of difference. The approach will be concentrated in the work Difference and Repetition, which houses the main discussions to develop the question of how Deleuze (...) takes Kantian philosophy as an enemy, but which must be explored until the moment in which it finds itself strange. This is a procedure typical of the Deleuzian method of “subverting” the thoughts of philosophers that are taken, in the first place, as philosophies to be explored to the maximum extent. In this case, the subversion of Kantianism consists in assuming it as the inaugurator of the thought of representation in modernity with the creation of the ground in the transcendental; to expose the insufficiency of this thought when thematizing difference; and explore the reversal of time promoted by Kant, as one of the greatest contributions to the problem of difference in thought. (shrink)

Resumen: La Filosofía del Derecho de G.W.F. Hegel ha sido sin duda una fuente inagotable de trabajo interpretativo, crítico y propositivo. Muchos comentarios se han hecho a esta obra y muchas reflexiones se han realizado a partir de conceptos elaborados allí por él. Particularmente el concepto de justicia ha sido comentado en diferentes vías y a través de muchos enfoques. En este texto realizo una breve reconstrucción del concepto de justicia en Hegel con el ánimo de exponer los fundamentos de (...) este concepto y su relación con las instituciones de la sociedad civil y el Estado. Para ello, primero me encargo de establecer el carácter negativo de la justicia (injusticia) del cual parte Hegel como consideración preliminar y no normativo del concepto, después desarrollo las definiciones de las instituciones de la sociedad civil y el Estado en el marco del sistema de las necesidades. En tercer lugar, expongo la relación entre la institución del Estado y la justicia. En cuarto lugar, comento a grandes rasgos la noción de administración de justicia y algunos aspectos que esto supone en el ámbito de las libertades individuales, la soberanía del Estado y la participación ciudadana. Como conclusión trato sobre las posibilidades de este concepto de justicia y dejo abierto el debate sobre la efectividad del modelo hegeliano a la luz del auge de la injusticia misma en la época actual. Abstract: Hegel’s Philosophy of Right has undoubtedly been an inexhaustible source of interpretive, critical and purposeful work. Many comments have been made on this work and many reflections have been made from concepts elaborated there by him. In particular, the concept of justice has been commented on in different ways and through many approaches. In this text he made a brief reconstruction of the concept of justice in Hegel with the aim of exposing the foundations of this concept and its relationship with the institutions of Civil Society and the State. To do this, first I am in charge of establishing the negative character of justice (injustice) from which Hegel starts as a preliminary and non-normative consideration of the concept, then I develop the definitions of the institutions of Civil Society and the State within the framework of the system of the needs. Third, I expose the relationship between the institution of the State and justice. Fourthly, I comment broadly on the notion of administration of justice and some aspects that this implies in the field of individual freedoms, State sovereignty and citizen participation. In conclusion, I discuss the possibilities of this concept of justice and leave open the debate on the effectiveness of the Hegelian model considering the rise of injustice itself in the current times. (shrink)

This chapter draws on fieldwork data by analysing cosmetic and reconstructive surgery standards with the aim of identifying and analysing the criteria used today to grant or deny certain types of surgical interventions which do not emerge from the medical necessity to address physiological dysfunctionalities. The ethical complexities of bodily modification interventions are intertwined with the medical decision-making capacity of the individual, and the evidence-based approach to surgery is contrasted with those instances in which the surgery aims at addressing psychological (...) states rather than physiological ones. The chapter takes on the topic of how societal norms influence perceptions of physical appearance and how normative standards are often used as a main access point for the surgeon to evaluate the legitimacy of bodily modification requests. A key area is the surgeon’s assessment of whether patients are mentally and emotionally prepared, ensuring they have realistic expectations and are making informed decisions. (shrink)

Este artigo investiga as variações do amor entre Riobaldo e Reinaldo (Diadorim) no romance Grande sertão: veredas (1956), de Guimarães Rosa, com atenção especial ao amor homoerótico. Traçamos o percurso da crítica literária, que considera o livro uma obra iniciática e mítica (NUNES, 2009), além de um corpo selvagem e indomesticável (SANTIAGO, 2017) que transcende as barreiras dicotômicas de relacionamentos, da linguagem e das categorias de gênero (BROCK, 2018). Com isso, relacionamos os aspectos deste amor à escrita rosiana pelo viés (...) de Platão, em O Banquete e propomos uma leitura que instaura diferentes perspectivas na relação amorosa, desde a clássica compreensão de Eros até as atuais configurações para uma alteridade que produz efeitos de escape. Nosso método foi o da complexidade uma vez que dialogamos recursivamente com múltiplos saberes para a articulação da temática e nossa metodologia foi a pesquisa qualitativa e bibliográfica. Nossas conclusões mostram que, ao assumir o amor homoafetivo por Reinaldo/Diadorim, Riobaldo tenta reinventá-lo em outros moldes, a saber, platônico, pautado na amizade, na contemplação da beleza e na virtude. (shrink)

This work aims to summarize the history and mutations of Lindy’s Law (or the Lindy Effect)—a mathematical distribution that originated from television commentary—and to first test this principle in the context of a recent new iteration: Lindy’s Law as a proxy to describe the significance of longevity as a factor in the retention of scientific theories.

El estudio se propone el análisis de la última de las parábolas del evangelio de Mateo, examinando su lenguaje y elementos teológicos fundamentales; así como también su forma y composición en la obra. El trabajo se motiva por la designación que el Papa Francisco dio al texto, comprendiéndolo como recapitulación esencial del camino cristiano fundamental que debe emprender el discípulo que desea vivir las huellas del Maestro.

This chapter breaks down the instinctual rejection of amputation requests displayed by surgeons during the fieldwork phase. The physician demonstrates an evident scepticism on the legitimacy of such demands, which presupposes assumptions of potential patients’ inner coercion due to the amputation desire or even hidden intent from the patient’s side to deceive the physician. A central issue is whether pursuing amputation through official medical channels reflects genuine medical needs or stems from other motivations. Through interviews and fieldwork, the chapter reveals (...) that many physicians see BID patients as potentially seeking amputation for personal satisfaction rather than true medical relief, which raises ethical concerns. However, another perspective is also considered: some BID patients might lack knowledge about alternative treatments due to limited access to information or social stigma. This dual view—where blame could stem from either questionable intentions or simple unawareness—adds complexity to the moral discussion. The chapter closes with a thought-provoking suggestion: in situations where options are limited, self-amputation might be the commendable moral choice for the BID individual. (shrink)

O livro Dinâmica científica e medidas de complexidade, de Miguel Fuentes, apresenta uma nova abordagem para analisar o progresso científico com base em métricas de complexidade. Nessa estrutura, o progresso da ciência é conceituado como uma redução no número de bits necessários para descrever fenômenos, sugerindo que a ciência avança ao reduzir a complexidade de suas explicações. Esta análise crítica examina o escopo e as limitações do modelo proposto por Fuentes, situando-o em relação ao ciclo paradigmático de Kuhn e explorando (...) questões como seu caráter proposicionalista, o tratamento da incomensurabilidade, o papel da emergência fraca e a objetividade do progresso teórico. (shrink)

This case report examines the implementation of an open innovation program in a software development company, focusing on accelerating artificial intelligence adoption through strategic collaboration with startups.The situational analysis identifies the challenges faced by technology companies in sustaining the rapid pace of innovation driven by exponential technological growth and increasing competition. To address these challenges, several strategies are outlined in action plans aimed at enhancing artificial intelligence adoption and promoting open innovation in both product and process dimensions.The conclusion highlights that (...) the synergy between open innovation and artificial intelligence presents an opportunity to establish a sustainable competitive advantage for financial services companies that embrace it. (shrink)

This chapter addresses the practicalities of assessing an individual’s medical decision-making capacity, specifically during the pre-operative risk phase and the post-operative behaviour assessment in surgical contexts. By utilising fieldwork data, Body Integrity Dysphoria (BID) is compared to other types of invasive medical procedures, such as gastric banding and sleeve gastrectomy. Such a daring comparison emerged unexpectedly during the interview phase, and it is used to assess the psychological criteria that current medical professionals use to differentiate between those eligible to undergo (...) such procedures and those who are not. By leveraging on gastric banding and sleeve gastrectomy, the chapter aims at addressing one of the most frequent oppositions moved against amputation as a potential therapeutic approach to BID: the patient’s regret post-surgery. It is argued that there cannot be medical certainty on the outcome of any surgical procedure, particularly those done to address psychological state. The opposition to BID regret post-amputation, therefore, seems to be beyond what is currently considered an acceptable standard for similarly invasive medical practice. (shrink)

Partant du principe que l’imagination est une condition préalable à l’action politique, créer des images est aussi une manière de faire de la révolte. En ce sens, allant au-delà du paradigme iconique, les images elles-mêmes deviennent des expressions sensibles de l’indignation de ceux qui s’inscrivent contre les formes injustes de pouvoir. En Amazonie, région historiquement constituée comme « l’Autre » du Brésil, les anciennes et nouvelles logiques colonialistes se conjuguent aux dilemmes nationaux et internationaux, créant une atmosphère de constantes menaces, (...) de violences concrètes et de luttes permanentes. Dans ce contexte, certaines images se situent précisément à l’inflexion entre voir, montrer et rendre sensible une souffrance qui suscite l’indignation. Ainsi, les images se lancent dans l’expérience comme moyens d’expression du désir de soulèvements, comme pratiques d’affirmation de la liberté et comme gestes de résistance face à l’histoire. (shrink)

Body Integrity Dysphoria (BID) is a rare condition now included in the ICD-11. The individuals affected experience a mismatch between their sense of Self and their body perception. Such a mismatch, recognised today as dysphoria, emerges during early adolescence and accompanies the individual throughout their life. This leads to a drop in the overall Quality of Life of those affected. The sense of dysphoria is often focalised towards a specific body part recognised as alien by the individual who often wishes (...) to have it removed through amputation. However, amputation currently is not a feasible option as it is rarely recognised as a viable therapeutic approach for BID. Chapter 1 establishes a foundation for examining BID by analysing the relevance of concepts such as autonomy, identity and gender to today’s medical discourse. Such concepts are gaining renewed attention, especially considering postmodern critiques of traditional medical and ethical standards. By highlighting the constructed nature of identities and how medical categories impact these, the chapter discusses how historically shifting perspectives on sex and gender add complexity to contemporary understanding of the body, which brings an added value when debating the BID desire. (shrink)

Este artigo pretende debater a crítica de Gilles Deleuze à noção psicanalítica de inconsciente, a partir de três perspectivas relacionadas às sínteses pré-subjetivas, na obra Diferença e repetição. A tese do nosso filósofo é a de que é preciso romper com o círculo fundação-fundamento, protagonizado pelas figuras do princípio empírico e do princípio transcendental, até chegar a um novo princípio, o sem-fundo, que corresponde à potência criativa, encarnada em um eu colapsado. Nesse sentido, optamos por elucidar como a literatura de (...) F.S. Fitzgerald é privilegiada por Deleuze, pois ela traz o acontecimento como princípio para agir, após um desfazimento do sujeito enquanto unidade. (shrink)

This study investigates the fragmentation of the self into social roles and its implications for moral responsibility, based on the philosophy of Alasdair MacIntyre. The analysis focuses on contemporary culture characterized by emotivism, which hinders the recognition of a universal human good and the development of moral agency. MacIntyre criticizes the liberal individualism of modernity, suggesting that the compartmentalization of social roles results in moral disorder, preventing the formation of a unified self. He argues that by acting according to the (...) specific norms of each social role, individuals disregard a greater good, exemplified by the lack of integrity and constancy, virtues essential for possessing other virtues. The research highlights the importance of environments that allow for critical reflection and the development of moral agency. In the absence of such environments, a moral agent may fail to recognize and transcend existing standards, leading to shared moral responsibility within the sociocultural structure. MacIntyre proposes that moral agents should be responsible not only for their social roles but also as rational individuals, promoting intersubjective dialogue and the pursuit of a greater good for human life. (shrink)

En el siguiente trabajo se examina la explicación de Raimo Tuomela acerca de la aparición de los hechos sociales básicos. En esa propuesta, los componentes elementales de una ontología social se deben a la “intencionalidad colectiva” compartida por diferentes actores. Si bien Tuomela hace alusión al lenguaje presente en algunas formas de intencionalidad, su reconstrucción está orientada a otras formas de generar hechos sociales que supuestamente no lo incluirían o serían más básicas que las generadas por esa praxis. En este (...) escrito se sostendrá, por el contrario, que no es posible eludir al lenguaje como principal mecanismo de generación de fenómenos elementales de la socialidad en ninguna instancia. Una vez que el lenguaje ocupa su lugar como principal instrumento de coordinación de la acción, creador de grupos sociales y desarrollo de una ontología social, muchas de las distinciones del programa intencionalista pierden relevancia desde un punto de vista ontológico. (shrink)

This chapter introduces the moral and ethical dilemmas associated with on-demand amputations for Body Integrity Dysphoria (BID), mainly focusing on whether BID-related surgeries can be ethically aligned with gender-affirming surgeries. Through an examination of the four-principle approach to bioethics—beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy and justice—the chapter analyses the fairness and accessibility of care for individuals seeking BID-related amputation. The chapter poses a voluntarily provocative question: should BID-related amputations be considered on par with Sex Reassignment Surgeries (SRS)? If not, what are the morally (...) relevant factors that set them apart? The idea proposed is that, as of today, no morally relevant criteria exist to accept SRS and reject BID’s wish for amputation. Rather than advocating for BID surgeries, however, the chapter highlights the moral and practical challenges that medical practitioners face, along with the knowledge gaps in distinguishing ethically and morally relevant differences between these two types of procedures. (shrink)

O objetivo do artigo é determinar as evidências do irracionalismo nos textos iniciais de Alberto Guerreiro Ramos com respeito à teoria do conhecimento, considerando o período de preparação do autor para seu posicionamento posterior na fenomenologia. Para tanto, foi realizada análise imanente dos textos selecionados (1939-1955). Os resultados sugerem que as evidências do irracionalismo compareceram pela adesão do autor ao agnosticismo relativista presente nas posições do existencialismo e da fenomenologia, preenchendo assim uma lacuna na pesquisa a respeito do pensamento do (...) sociólogo brasileiro. Tal adesão se deu em circunstância de reação ao marxismo elegido como adversário a ser combatido, da mesma maneira em que fora confrontado por tendências irracionalistas na filosofia. (shrink)

There is no perspective for sustainability without dialogical interactions involving a broad range of social actors. Such processes must occur through different organizational levels to avoid ruptures of cognitive exclusion and to enhance the human capabilities of organization and cooperation. Participatory research approaches represent a possibility in that way, aggregating collaborative knowledge and actions, fostering empowerment, and diversity of alternatives for sustainability. The properties of participatory research like sharing power, self-organization, and the possibility of integrating uncertainties make correspondence to post-normal (...) problems, also facilitating extended peer communities for reaching socially robust scientific knowledge. The constant changes, emergent risks, and the interdependent scarcities in the global context replace human beings as uncompleted, and the continuous search for adaptation and resilience must be reflexive, participatory, and democratic. (shrink)

In this chapter introduces well-being as a central concept to understanding Body Integrity Dysphoria (BID). By drawing on three of the most prominent theories of well-being—Hedonism, Desire-Fulfilment and Objective-list theories—the chapter aims to address what are the conditions which would grant BID on-demand amputation the status of morally viable action. The chapter challenges the assumption that the desire to amputate necessarily negates the moral responsibility of the individual. Instead, it argues that such a decision, under the right conditions, can be (...) to every extent rational, so much so to be praised as the best viable option for those affected by BID. Amputation, in fact, might be seen as a means for individuals with BID to pursue a hypothetical state of well-being, one that requires them to overcome their natural self-preservation instinct. Nevertheless, again, the chapter does not advocate for amputation, but it highlights how the reasoning used to reject the amputation request can be similarly used to defend its legitimacy. (shrink)

IntroductionTranscranial magnetic stimulation is a consolidated procedure for the treatment of depression, with several meta-analyses demonstrating its efficacy. Theta-burst stimulation is a modification of TMS with similar efficacy and shorter session duration. The geriatric population has many comorbidities and a high prevalence of depression, but few clinical trials are conducted specifically for this age group. TBS could be an option in this population, offering the advantages of few side effects and no pharmacological interactions. Therefore, our aim is to investigate the (...) efficacy of TBS in geriatric depression.Clinical trial registration[https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/], identifier [NCT04842929]. (shrink)

The aim of this article is to highlight and discuss two moments in which Deleuze appropriates the Nietzschean notion of Dionysian, to compose the program of a thought without image in opposition to the thought of representation.The first appropriation concerns the question of a new philosophical discourse in favor of individuations and singularities prior to the “subject form”. The second appropriation corresponds to the defense of an immanent thought, which occurs on the surface and does not resort to well-centered models. (...) It is about verifying at which points Nietzsche's influence was decisive for Deleuze to compose a new thought in Difference and Repetition, highlighting the notions of individuation, singularity, difference and art. (shrink)

This work discusses the origin of the architect and the architecture presented in the treatise _De Architectura_ by Vitruvius and its association with imitation. It is discussed the Vitruvian notion of the progression of humanity and its connections with the architect and the establishment of Architecture as the science of the architect. The proposal of training for professionals from various areas is analyzed, which would guarantee, according to Vitruvius, a generalist training and at the same time specialized in their field. (...) It also discusses the attributes necessary, according to the author, for a good professional, which would allow him to achieve recognition for his authority. (shrink)

We prove that Martin’s Axiom implies the existence of a Cohen-indestructible mad family such that the Mathias forcing associated to its filter adds dominating reals, while \ is consistent with the negation of this statement as witnessed by the Laver model for the consistency of Borel’s conjecture.

Ratio Juris, Volume 35, Issue 3, Page 310-326, September 2022.

The environment is a continuous source of matter and energy, which dynamizes the adaptive processes of biological systems, so that these systems emerge, persist or are extinguished as a consequence of their reactions to the environment. This perspective, forged from classical physics, gives way to multiple ecological theories, with evolution being the most prominent one. In all these cases, information would be both dependent and subsequent to matter and energy. Thus, the emergence and dynamics of genetic material or ecological attributes (...) such as abundance, richness or diversity depend mainly on the interaction of these two fundamental states. However, recent approaches from quantum physics and complexity views put forward the notion that information can be independent and prior to matter and energy, which allows us to see ecological processes from another perspective, i.e., as including complex biological systems as capable of showing emergent properties such as cognition. We proposed here a set of postulates and ideas that suggests how the ability to manipulate (internalize, integrate, store and generate) information can be developed by those systems, which would directly and non-randomly influence ecological attributes and their dynamics; i.e., how this property can possibly help replacing the notion of the environment as the ultimate cause of changes. Besides fully detailing the sources of knowledge and our rationale in this sense, we have also discussed how these thoughts and possibilities can be employed in devising better and more comprehensive approaches for biological conservation strategies. (shrink)