This paper explores iconicity in the metrical structure and the cultural value of Artistic Chinese calligraphy along the lines of Carles S.Peirce’s theory. It drawsattention to the fact that there is a simple categorical correspondence between the outer forms of Artistic Chinese Calligraphy and their subject-matter, presenting it a mixed form of representation, based on resemblances but also creating its own metaphysical meanings simultaneously.

Conflicts in land exploration are incisive social problems which have been the subject in many studies. Risk assessment of land conflicts is effective to resolve such problems. Specifically, fuzzy mathematics and the analytic hierarchy process were combined together to evaluate risk in land conflicts in our work, which is proved useful to solve uncertainty and imprecision problems. Based on the analysis of the principles for the risk assessment of a land conflicts index system, a set of risk assessment indexes using (...) the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process was presented. The results show that the overall risk is at medium level, and the risk of the feasibility index and controllability index need to be paid more attention to. The contribution of this article is reflected in two aspects: the application of FAHP in risk assessments of land conflicts is effective and valid; it is helpful for governments to establish a stricter management system of work safety for conflicts in land exploration based on the risk assessment results. (shrink)

As a response to the problems of language in Chinese modern and avant-garde art from 1988 to 1998, early video art reclaimed the independence of language from social reality and political influence and established it on the basis of the time phenomenon. By comparing the category of time in the Western philosophical tradition and in Chinese traditional thought, we find that the “immediacy” of Zen provides a hermeneutical approach to the nature of language as a reflective medium, closely related to (...) the silent experience. In line with the three basic principles of transcendental Zen, video media purifies body language into the immaterial language in three ways – through disembodied video movement, the de-objectified video image, and discontinuous video narrative. (shrink)

A gourd is a sort of pumpkin whose shell is frequently used to keep food and water. Gourds are also used as kitchen utensils, musical instruments or decoration. This paper draws attention to the time framework in gourd image representations, which symbolize universality and immortality as well as the positive notions of regeneration and emptiness. By analyzing the artistic expressions in the form of gourd representations reflected in literature and art, this paper reveals the complex notion of time in Chinese (...) civilization. (shrink)

BackgroundMild cognitive impairment is a common neurological disorder. Moxibustion has been shown to be effective in treating MCI, but its therapeutic mechanisms still remain unclear. This study mainly aimed to investigate the modulation effect of moxibustion treatment for patients with MCI by functional magnetic resonance imaging.MethodsA total of 47 patients with MCI and 30 healthy controls participated in resting-state fMRI imaging scans. Patients with MCI were randomly divided into true moxibustion group and sham moxibustion group. The degree centrality approach was (...) applied to distinguish altered brain functions. Correlation analysis was then performed to examine the relationships between the neuroimaging findings and clinical symptoms.ResultsCompared with HCs, patients with MCI mainly showed decreased DC in the left middle frontal cortex and bilateral middle cingulate cortex. After moxibustion treatment, the SHAM group had no significant DC findings, while TRUE group mainly showed significant increased DC in the bilateral MFC and MCC, as well as decreased DC in the left middle occipital cortex. Repeated measures analysis of variance showed significant interactions between the two groups of patients with MCI. In addition, the higher Mini-Mental State Examination score was significantly positively correlated with increased DC in the right MFC and left MCC after moxibustion treatment.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate that the potential value of moxibustion treatment on MCI, which adds new insights into the popular view that moxibustion treatment may slow cognitive decline in patients with MCI. (shrink)

Till now, comprehensive and quantitatively meaningful analyses of stock market participation outcomes of retail investors have been limited by data sources in developing countries. This article devised a special questionnaire related to stock investment to measure the financial literacy and stock investment return for the subjects with stockownership in China and to theoretically and empirically study the effects of objective FL, self-assessed FL, and their composite FL on SIR. The results of the comparative analysis showed that self-assessed FL has a (...) greater effect on SIR than objective FL, and the effect is mediated by risk preference. In addition, we found that competent and overconfident respondents have higher SIR, while under confident respondents cannot gain from the stock market. We also found that risk preference has a positive mediating effect in the relationship between competence and overconfidence and SIR, and a negative mediating effect in the relationship between under confidence and SIR. We thus concluded that confident investors can gain more stockholding returns via taking more risks regardless of the level of their actual financial knowledge. Our findings would be a meaningful complement to the studies of stock market participation. (shrink)

Prior studies demonstrate the role of resources in shaping a firm’s entrepreneurial orientation from the resource-based view. We expand this line of research by theorising and testing the impact of resource bricolage on entrepreneurial orientation. Based on the data of 295 start-ups, we find that when start-ups face resource constraints, the strategy of resource bricolage has a significant positive effect on entrepreneurial orientation, and the relationship is positively moderated by top management team heterogeneity. Meanwhile, the relationship is negatively moderated by (...) TMT behavioral integration. The results are expected to provide theoretical guidance for start-ups to overcome resource constraints and achieve smooth survival and growth. (shrink)

Since the curriculum is the core carrier to improve the level of talent cultivation in colleges and universities, strengthening the reform of course teaching and improving the quality of course teaching are fundamental to the survival and development of colleges and universities, and also an important part of higher education reform. In this study, a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and an entropy method were used to determine the weight of the core evaluation indicators of undergraduate course quality improvement, including four (...) first-level indicators of the curriculum concept, curriculum resources, curriculum organization, and curriculum effectiveness, and 12 s-level evaluation indicators and weights. Then, based on a case study of the first-class undergraduate course “Management” of Anyang Normal University, the way to evaluate the course by the AHP and entropy method was explained. Finally, according to the evaluation results, the ideas of course construction were put forward, such as changing the course concept, enriching the course resources, paying attention to the course organization, and ensuring the course effectiveness, so as to improve the quality of undergraduate courses and also to improve the quality of undergraduate talent training with the improvement of course quality as the starting point. (shrink)

The concept of the Black Atlantic has been used to look at Black culture on all sides of the Atlantic in the context of migration, diaspora, and hybridity. This two-volume publication explores philosophical notions and aesthetic forms of temporality in the Black Atlantic. The authors trace a transnational political and aesthetic emancipation movement of intellectuals and artists from the 1930s to the 1980s and beyond. In the first volume, Gabriele Genge deals with artistic contributions in a transnational understanding of _Négritude_. (...) She provides insights into a fundamental artistic interest in debating and transcending modern ideas about time. A transcultural horizon emerges that counters the racist and ethnological time regimes of modernity with _polychronic_ manifestations of African thought and knowledge. (shrink)

With the widespread use of large language models (LLMs), many researchers have turned their attention to detecting text generated by them. However, there is no consistent or precise definition of their target, namely “LLM-generated text”. Differences in usage scenarios and the diversity of LLMs further increase the difficulty of detection. What is commonly regarded as the detecting target usually represents only a subset of the text that LLMs can potentially produce. Human edits to LLM outputs, together with the subtle influences (...) that LLMs exert on their users, are blurring the line between LLM-generated and human-written text. Existing benchmarks and evaluation approaches do not adequately address the various conditions in real-world detector applications. Hence, the numerical results of detectors are often misunderstood, and their significance is diminishing. Therefore, detectors remain useful under specific conditions, but their results should be interpreted only as references rather than decisive indicators. (shrink)

Johannes Geng geht der Frage nach, inwiefern der Film als technologisches Leitmedium des 20. Jahrhunderts auf die geschichtliche Bedingtheit des Sehens und Hörens zu beziehen ist, indem er in einem ersten Schritt den zugehörigen film- und kulturtheoretischen Diskurs systematisch aufarbeitet. Darüber kommt er zu dem filmtheoretischen Modell eines Sensorischen Regimes, das er dann an zwei Fallstudien – dem NS-Propagandafilm und dem Direct Cinema – exemplifiziert. In unserem Wahrnehmen leiten uns kulturell geformte Gewohnheiten, Erwartungen und Einstellungen. Damit ist Wahrnehmung mehr (...) als nur ein biologischer Mechanismus, sondern historisch variabel. (shrink)

Previous studies have found a link between red and aggressive behavior. For example, athletes who wear red uniforms in sports are considered to have a competitive advantage. So far, most previous studies have adopted self-report methods, which have low face validity and were easily influenced by the social expectations. Therefore, the study used two implicit methods to further explore the association between red and aggressiveness. A modified Stroop task was used in Experiment 1 to probe college students’ differences between “congruent” (...) tasks and “incongruent” tasks. Result showed that participants responded more quickly to the congruent tasks than the incongruent tasks. Then, in order to adapt to the competitive context, Experiment 2 used an implicit association test with photos of athletes as the stimulus to college students and athletes to evaluate “congruent” tasks as well as “incongruent” tasks, respectively. According to the results, both college students and athletes respond faster to congruent tasks than to incongruent tasks. Besides, athletes’ reactions to the red–aggressiveness association are faster than college students, which may relate to the athletes’ professional experience. The athletes may be more aggressive and impulsive. Overall, the study has attempted to examine the association between red and aggressiveness through implicit methods, but in the future, researches are need to find a deep association from brain mechanism aspect. (shrink)

This volume is dedicated to the interrelation between temporality and representation. It presumes that time cannot be conceived of as an abstract chronometric order, but that it is referring to materiality, being measured, represented, expressed, recognized, experienced and evaluated, and therefore is always closely related to cultural contexts of perception and evaluation. The contributions from various disciplines are dedicated to the present and its plural conditions and meanings. They provide insights into the state of research with special emphasis on the (...) global present as well as on art and aesthetics from the 18th century until today. The anthology includes contributions by Mieke Bal, Stefan Binder, Maximilian Bergengruen, Iris Därmann, Gabriele Genge, Boris Roman Gibhardt, Boris Groys, Maria Muhle, Johannes F. Lehmann, Nkiru Nzegwu, Francesca Raimondi, Christine Ross, Ludger Schwarte, Angela Stercken, Samuel Strehle, Timm Trausch, Patrick Stoffel, and Christina Wessely. (shrink)

Peirce proposes that people perceive belief through feeling and action, should follow the “method of science” to fix belief, and can use the principle of pragmatism to regulate the meaning of belief. James’s pragmatism further extends the norm of the meaning of belief, emphasising that when faced with genuine options, an individual has the right to use subjective will to fix belief. So Peirce and James disagree about whether intellect or will should be used to fix belief. I propose that (...) intellect and will cooperate in different proportions to fix belief in the cognitive and non-cognitive realms. Peirce’s and James’s differing definitions of reality influence their respective understandings of true belief. I argue that people’s cognition of reality is an experience formed with the assistance of both the individual and the community, and that when an experience fully and thoroughly reveals and verifies the corresponding reality, it is true belief. (shrink)

We examine the impact of the African slave trade on corporate tax evasion in modern Africa. Using data from 28 African countries, we document that firms are more likely to evade taxes in countries that suffered a higher level of historical slave extraction. This finding is robust to an instrumental variable analysis. We further use household survey data to show that the slave trade has a long-lasting negative impact on tax compliance attitudes in the society and the quality of tax (...) enforcement institutions. Our results highlight and quantify a pronounced historical determinant of cross-country differences in corporate decisions. (shrink)

Chinese research on the philosophy of science and technology in Russia (and the Soviet Union) has gone through three stages: 1) “taking the Soviet Union as its teacher”; 2) “viewing the Soviet Union as an enemy”; 3) “using Russia as a reference”. After the collapse of the USSR, research fell silent for a while, but in recent years there has been a trend towards their revival. In the 1960s, a group of reform-minded philosophers proposed a very instructive interpretation of the (...) philosophy of science centered on epistemological centrism. At the beginning of the 21st century, new development trends appeared in Russian philosophy of science and technology, such as pluralism, the theory of sociocultural context and humanism, while a philosophical paradigm of science and technology with Russian specifics was formed, especially the turn in technological philosophy. In China, Russian-Soviet philosophical research of science and technology developed over decades, resulting in the formation of three generations of academic leaders in the person of Gong Yuzhi, Sun Mutyan and Wan Changsun. The main result of their work was a trilogy of works, which is based on “Traces of History”, “Mind in Search” and “Search at a Fork in the Road”. The trilogy shows how the philosophy of science and technology in Russia completed the role change under the guidance of Marxist philosophy and gradually moved to the research path of combining internationalization and localization, while facing the need to solve the problem of marginalization of disciplines and theoretical innovations. (shrink)

The issue about the formation and essence of social structure is quite important for conception of history. Even though traditional philosophy has useful discussions on it, in general, it hasn’t solved the issue yet. Marx established himself in practice and explained the formation and essence of social structure started from the interaction activities of people, and the relation between interaction and social structure therefore is a key part in Marxist philosophy.

In this study, we demonstrate a previously unknown finding that mindful learning can improve an individual’s spatial cognition without regard to gender differences. Thirty-two volunteers participated in the experiment. Baselines for spatial ability were first measured for the reaction time on the mental rotation task. Next, the participants were randomly assigned to either a mindful or mindless learning condition. After learning, the mental rotation task showed that those in the mindful learning condition responded faster than those in the mindless learning (...) condition. This study provides promising evidence for applying mindful learning to education. (shrink)

As the most abstract rule, dialectics could be concluded as the theory about contradictions. However, this evokes another problem: the world is a contradiction. Could all of the scientific theories created by man about the world be concluded as the dialectic theories in the most abstract sense?.

The prevalence of Abstract Expressionism in the 1960s also influenced the Malaysian art scene to a large extent. Malaysian Chinese artists, as part of modern art, are inevitably influenced by the local human environment. This study employs an observation approach to content analysis of works in the permanent collection of Penang State Art Gallery to aims to summarize the major styles of Chinese painting in the 1960s and to enrich the study of Malaysian visual arts. The results show that Abstract (...) Expressionism did have an impact on the work of Chinese artists. (shrink)

This study aimed to investigate the factor structure and measurement invariance of the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 among Chinese adults. A sample comprising 1,839 adults from four cities in Shaanxi province completed the BSI-18 and background information. The best-fitting factor structure model of the BSI-18 was verified by confirmatory factor analyses, and multigroup confirmatory factor analyses were performed to test the measurement invariance. The results indicated that the three-factor bi-factor model fitted the current data best. The configural, metric, scalar, and strict (...) invariance models all had acceptable model fit indexes across genders, and the configural, metric, scalar invariance models with different living areas and educational levels were all acceptable. Overall, the three-factor bi-factor model of the BSI-18 shows a good fit for use with Chinese adults, making it a viable tool for effectively measuring the mental health of Chinese adults. (shrink)

Marxist philosophy of education plays a key role in contemporary education in China, serving as an important theoretical foundation for reforms. With a history of more than one hundred years in China, Marxist philosophy of education has gone through three major historical stages: emergence (before 1949), localization (from 1949 to 1979), and new development (after 1979). Looking back and reflecting on the exploration of Marxist philosophy of education in China, it can be found that the following problems still remain to (...) be solved: first, the dogmatic tendency of Marxism still needs to be avoided; second, the study of the original classics of Marxism is not enough; third, there is no adequate response to major practical problems in education; and fourth, there is no adequate interdisciplinary and international academic exchange. (shrink)

Since Vico founded philosophy of history, the law of history or necessity has been a central issue concerned by western philosophy of history. Today, it is still the focal point of arguments of contemporary western philosophy of history. It is the great contribution to the history of human thought by Marxist materialist conception of the philosophy of history to solve the issue of historical necessity scientifically. However, the conception of historical law of historical materialism has been distorted, blamed, and challenged (...) in present times. It shall therefore be re-inspected and reviewed to deepen the research on historical materialism. (shrink)

Society is composed of individuals. The practical individual as a social entity is the premise and starting point of history; the individual also depends on society, while society is the foundation for the existence and development of individual.

Since the emergence of philosophy, human beings have been persistently seeking the ultimate existence of the world and the ultimate meaning of life. Since the emergence of philosophy, human beings have been persistently seeking the ultimate existence of the world and the ultimate meaning of life.

The creation of Marxist philosophy is a magnificent sunrise in the history of human thought, for it marks a fundamental turning point in philosophical themes, functions, and thinking modes.

Marxist historical views not only analyze the relationship of man and nature and human relations, but also the relationship of man and consciousness; not only explain the essence, structure and integrity of society, the similarity of historical course and natural course of society, the formation and characteristics of historical laws and the historical necessity of capitalism replaced by socialism, but also the production and essence of consciousness, the relation of language and consciousness, and consciousness of object and self-consciousness as well (...) as objectivity; they specify that it is not human consciousness that decides human existence, but human existence which decides human consciousness. Marxist historical views always start from material practice to explain the generation of ideas, expound the forms of consciousness, and carry out ideological critique on this basis. (shrink)

As for man living in the realistic society, the general feature of his behavior is showed by thinking before acting and acting guided by cognition, and the more rational the human activities are, the more prominent such a feature is, which easily gives rise to the illusion that cognition is produced before practice and thus could determine practice.

Architectural aesthetics mainly creates architectural beauty according to the law of beauty and realizes the interaction between creative subject and object, and receptor. Its essence has been soaked and attached to all kinds of materialized carriers and behavioral subjects in the living environment. Through the aesthetic optimization of residential house type, this paper analyzes the ventilation efficiency of representative house type, which affects the prevention and control of community infectious diseases and the physical and mental health of residents. Take multiple (...) measures to strengthen the aesthetic design of residential house type, and promote the healthy development of community ecology and the cultural inheritance of harmonious society. It is helpful for architectural designers to improve their understanding of the effect of natural ventilation and provide reference means for designers to reasonably organize indoor natural ventilation in architectural design. (shrink)

The realization of the proletariat and human liberation is the theme of Marxist philosophy. Human liberation and development depend on social development which is embodied by human development ultimately in essence. The free and all-round human development is both a social ideal and the historical course to be realized gradually. In order to promote the free and all-round human development, we must boost social development. Only in the process of boosting social development can individual development be achieved.

With the development of geoscience, users are eager to obtain preferred service from geospatial information intelligently and automatically. However, the information grows rapidly while the service gets more complicated, which makes it difficult to find out the targeted information for an exact service in geospatial issues. In this paper, a novel method is proposed to promote the geospatial service from information to knowledge with spatiotemporal semantics. Both prompted and professional knowledge are further refined to be published as a service. In (...) terms of an exact task, numerous related services are recombined to a service chain under user requirement. Finally, the proposed method is applied to monitor the environment on the Air Quality Index and soil moisture in the Sensor Web service platform, the results of which indicate geospatial knowledge service is more efficient to support spatial decision-making. (shrink)

Psychological well-being indicates individuals’ positive psychological functioning and well-being. A growing body of literature, largely based on adults and old people, suggests that volunteering and charitable donations are related to individuals’ psychological well-being. As emerging adulthood is a vital time for lifespan development, the aim of this study is to examine the effects of volunteering and charitable donation on individuals’ psychological well-being on college students. Relying on theories of altruism and the warm-glow theory, this study estimates the relationships among hours (...) of volunteering, amount of charitable donations, and psychological well-being from 1,871 Chinese college students. The linear regression results indicate that students’ hours of volunteering and the amount of charitable donations in the past year were positively associated with their psychological well-being. Volunteering, compared to charitable donations, had a slightly stronger association with psychological well-being. This study provides a rationale for academic institutions to integrate social service activities into the curriculum as a potential tool to promote students’ psychological well-being. (shrink)

In this paper, we propose an adaptive Gaussian incremental expectation stadium parameter estimation algorithm for sports video analysis and prediction through the study and analysis of sports videos. The features with more discriminative power are selected from the set of positive and negative templates using a feature selection mechanism, and a sparse discriminative model is constructed by combining a confidence value metric strategy. The sparse generative model is constructed by combining L1 regularization and subspace representation, which retains sufficient representational power (...) while dealing with outliers. To overcome the shortcomings of the traditional multiplicative fusion mechanism, this paper proposes an adaptive selection mechanism based on Euclidean distance, which aims to detect deteriorating models in time during the dynamic tracking process and adopt corresponding strategies to construct more reasonable likelihood functions. Based on the Bayesian citation framework, the adaptive selection mechanism is used to combine the sparse discriminative model and the sparse generative model. Also, different online updating strategies are adopted for the template set and Principal Component Analysis subspace to alleviate the drift problem while ensuring that the algorithm can adapt to the changes of target appearance in the dynamic tracking environment. Through quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the experimental results, it is verified that the algorithm proposed in this paper has stronger robustness compared with other classical algorithms. Our proposed visual object tracking algorithm not only outperforms existing visual object tracking algorithms in terms of accuracy, success rate, accuracy, and robustness but also achieve the performance required for real-time tracking in terms of execution speed on the central processing unit. This paper provides an in-depth analysis and discussion of the adaptive Gaussian incremental expectation stadium parameter estimation algorithm for sports video analysis. Using a variety of county-level algorithms for analysis and multiple solutions to improve the accuracy of the results, we obtain a more efficient and accurate algorithm. (shrink)

The change of epistemology in the twentieth century is of great significance, for it revealed the constructionism of human thought and the relation of human thought with theory of reflection. With the emergence of such concepts as schematism, example, Gestalt, conceptual structure, and pattern in the field of epistemology, a dead strike hit on the intuitional theory of reflection.

This paper investigates whether local religious beliefs have a significant impact on the practice of earnings management. We extend the existing literature on the role of firm characteristics in mitigating earnings management by showing that local religious beliefs significantly impact the practice of earnings management. Specifically, exploring firms located in the U.S. counties that vary from 2000 through 2010, we document the negative relationship between religiosity and earnings management using multivariate regression analysis. Our results show that firms in counties with (...) strong religious social norms are less likely to engage in earnings management. Furthermore, we attempt to mitigate endogeneity concerns by employing a modified Difference-Differences model and Propensity score matching methods. We find that the negative effects of religion on earnings management still hold. Overall, these findings emphasize the empirical relevance of the association between the local social norms and earnings manipulations. (shrink)

本书以南宋社会的动荡不安为背景，叙述了朱熹讲经治学的经历及其创建理学的过程，展现一代理学宗师的风采。.

Ben shu zai lüe lun guan zhong yu "Guanzi" de ji chu shang, dui Song yi qian de guan zi yan jiu jin xing liao shu li he tan tao, gou hua chu zai zhe yi shi qi, Guanzi yan jiu de li shi gui ji.