Erratum to: Synthese 191:1925–1930 DOI:10.1007/s11229-013-0380-3 The authors were unaware that points in their article appeared in “Caveats for Causal Reasoning with Equilibrium Models,” by Denver Dash and Marek Druzdzel, published in S. Benferhat and P. Besnard : European Conferences on Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches to Reasoning with Uncertainty 2001, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 2143, pp. 192–203. The authors were unaware of this essay and would like to apologize to the authors for failing to cite their excellent work.

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Buddhist-Christian Studies 23 (2003) 77-83 [Access article in PDF] Responses Jeffrey Carlson Dominican University This is a revision and combination of two presentations originally given at the Annual Meeting of the Society for Buddhist-Christian Studies in Denver, Colorado, in November 2001. The first was a panel presentation on the theme" The Possibilities and Perils of Double Belonging," and the second was a response to five panelists who addressed (...) the theme "Personal Religious Journeys." Multiple Belonging: Possibilities, Challenges, and the Ongoing Dominance of Christianity in Contemporary Buddhist-Christian Dialogue When I had the opportunity to welcome participants to the Fifth International Buddhist-Christian Conference organized and sponsored by the Society for Buddhist-Christian Studies at DePaul University (then my home institution) in 1996, I cracked a joke along the lines of "it's so good to have so many Buddhist-Christians" here. No one laughed. At the recent International Parliament of the World's Religions events, in 1993 in Chicago and in 1999 in Cape Town, many participants needed hyphens or dashes to list their religious affiliations when they registered. And more recently, at the 2001 Annual Meeting of the Society for Buddhist-Christian Studies, I conducted an informal poll of the audience at one of the well-attended sessions. I asked, "How many persons in the audience are not now and have never been Christian?" Only one person raised a hand. Buddhist-Christians. Or at least, Buddhists who used to be Christians. And so it was timely for the Society to initiate some sessions exploring the theme "The Possibilities and Perils of Double Belonging," coupled with a session on "Personal Journeys," in which several participants described boundary crossings between traditions as well as internalized combinations of them.Robert Schreiter has analyzed our topic and made a number of important observations, suggesting three distinctive ways in which one might describe double belonging. One might think, first, in terms of what he calls sequential belonging, in which "a person has moved from one religious tradition to another but retains some traces of the earlier belief." A second category is dialogical belonging, in which "two traditions dwell side by side within the life of a person, and there may be greater or less communication between the two.... The self that mediates this duality is... [End Page 77] seen as... a conversation that actualizes now one tradition and then another." Finally, there is simultaneous belonging, in which "a person has moved through sequential belonging but then chooses to go back and reappropriate earlier belongings on a par with current allegiances. This reappropriation does not entail subsuming one system into another but rather finding a way for them to coexist beyond dialogical belonging." 1 This simultaneous belonging, Schreiter says, is truly rare. He cites Raimundo Panikkar and Julia Ching as exponents of such a position. So, from Schreiter's point of view, when and if we speak seriously about the possibilities of double belonging, we may do well to clarify which form it is taking and which of these categories—sequential, dialogical, or simultaneous—most closely describes what we intend to assert—that is, if we are serious about these possibilities as live options. But there are opposing voices."If you are a Christian, it is better to develop spiritually within your religion and be a genuine, good Christian. If you are a Buddhist, be a genuine Buddhist. Not something half-and-half!This may cause only confusion in your mind....Don't try to put a yak's head on a sheep's body." So says His Holiness the Dalai Lama. 2 A host of other critical questions problematize the very notion of double belonging. For example: Do scholars in contexts like the American Academy of Religion and the Society for Buddhist-Christian Studies, in an attempt to undo centuries of Western imperialism, become in their anticolonialist approaches what Wendy Doniger has called "cryptotheologians" and uncritical advocates for those non-Western traditions and cultures they study? 3 Another critique: When Westerners increasingly study Eastern religions, does the East appeal to the West, as Tessa Bartholomeusz has suggested, as an arena of superficial self... (shrink)

This paper investigated the impact of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors on the financial performance of 37 Indian companies from 2013 to 2022, focusing on stock returns, Tobin's Q, and return on capital employed (ROCE). Using a dynamic panel data model and the Arellano and Bond approach, the study explored the moderating effect of stock return volatility on the ESG–financial performance relationship. The findings revealed that ESG scores negatively affect Tobin's Q and stock returns, suggesting investor caution or perceived (...) short-term costs associated with ESG practices. Conversely, ESG scores positively impact ROCE, indicating that sustainable practices enhance operational efficiency and long-term profitability. Volatility diminished the negative effect of ESG on Tobin's Q and stock returns and the positive impact on ROCE. These findings suggest that policymakers may incentivize ESG adoption through regulations and enhance corporate communication to highlight its long-run benefits. This study also recommends that corporate managers align ESG strategies with market conditions, focusing on risk mitigation during volatile periods and long-term value in stable conditions. This study also advises investors to adapt their evaluation approach, prioritizing ESG's stability benefits in volatile markets and its profitability contributions in stable markets to make better investment choices. (shrink)

The landscape of business, healthcare, and communication in the 21st century has been transformed by Industry 4.0 and the subsequent digital revolution, including artificial intelligence (AI), big data analytics, and social media. These technological advancements have also posed complex ethical challenges related to privacy, misinformation, algorithmic bias, and corporate responsibility. For example, Amazon, which utilizes AI-powered recruitment tools, has been found to exhibit gender bias due to the use of skewed training data (Dastin, 2018). Similarly, the misuse of personal data (...) for political gain involving Facebook (now Meta) and Cambridge Analytica raised significant concerns about the ethical management of user information (Cadwalladr & Graham-Harrison, 2018).The increasing demand for robust frameworks amidst these ethical concerns is to ensure that technological innovation aligns with societal and moral values. This paper explores the importance of ethical governance through the lens of Dharma, a concept that stresses righteousness, moral responsibility, and alignment with life-sustaining principles. By incorporating Dharma into the development and implementation of new initiatives, organizations can establish ethical standards that foster responsible innovation in technologies.The study proposes a ‘Dharma-based ethical framework’ for guiding the future of digital transformation. This evaluative criterion focuses on aligning technological motives with the greater good, while also fulfilling commercial interests. Also incorporates insights from contemporary ethical theories, global policy frameworks, and case studies, such as the controversy surrounding Google’s AI ethics board (Metz, 2029) and the growing adoption of ethical AI principles by institutions like OpenAI. (shrink)

In this chapter, we address the challenges and the problems that we have faced while we were trying to develop a dictionary for the Kharia Sabar speech community, which is an indigenous endangered tribal community living in the district of Purulia in the state of West Bengal, India. The challenges that we have faced may be classified into two broad types, namely, extralinguistic challenges and linguistic challenges (Ivanishcheva in Journal of Linguistics 67:73–86, 2016). The extralinguistic challenges are primarily related to (...) awareness about the importance of such a knowledge text among the members of the community; careful investigation of the attitude of the community members relating to the procurement of data and information from their life, living, culture, history, heritage, and ecology (Littell et al. in Proceedings of the 2nd workshop on the use of computational methods in the study of endangered languages. Association for Computational Linguistics, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, pp. 141–150, 2017); logistic issues in data collection from the Urheimat (i.e., the primaeval habitation) of the community through on-the-spot interviews; demographic and ethical issues in selection of appropriate respondents; availability of funds for conducting elaborate linguistic surveys; a collection of lexical data covering all major aspects of the community life; availability of trained human resource for lexical processing, analysis and dictionary compilation; and availability of agencies who are willing to publish dictionary as a commercial product. The linguistic challenges, on the other hand, are largely associated with collection of lexical data from community members; sufficiency, diversity and variety of lexical data types (Lam et al. in Proceedings of the 2014 workshop on the use of computational methods in the study of endangered languages. Association for Computational Linguistics, Baltimore, Maryland, USA, pp. 54–62, 2014); paucity of lexicographic details for entry words; citation of example sentences for determining usage-based sense variations of polysemous entries; inadequacy of linguistic description of lexical items for addressing referential and pedagogical requirements (Rehg in The Oxford handbook of endangered languages. Oxford University Press, 2018); utilization of pictures, images and diagrams for a visual representation of complex concepts and ideas of the community and similar other issues. Many of these challenges are linked with several theoretical and ethical issues―all of which combine together to make the process of dictionary-making for the Kharia Sabar community an upheaval task fretted with many caveats and shortcomings particularly in those contexts when their folk texts, verbal narratives, written materials and historical records are not available for reference and utilization (Mosel in Language documentation and description, SOAS, 2004). Keeping the challenges in view, in this paper, we discuss the strategies that we have adopted to overcome the hurdles we have faced during the stages of compilation of the dictionary, which is being built to primarily help in the process of preserving and promoting the endangered indigenous language against a backdrop of camouflaged aggression of more powerful neighbouring languages. The dictionary that we are developing will be used by the Kharia Sabar speakers for general reference and pedagogic purposes, while outside people will use it for academic, commercial and localization purposes. (shrink)

The standard processes of language documentation that are followed in advanced countries encounter different kinds of challenges in the documentation of endangered languages of South Asia and Southeast Asia. These differences are caused due to differences in perspectives, purposes, methodologies, goals, and implementation of documentation techniques. In simple terms, the challenges that are normally found among the South Asian and Southeast Asian languages are unique in nature due to the presence of several different kinds of linguistic and extralinguistic factors and (...) elements related to these languages and communities. (shrink)

Over 50,000 youth, mostly between the ages of 13 and 17 years, migrated to the United States without familial accompaniment in the fiscal year 2018. The tripartite process of pre-flight, flight, and resettlement exposes these unaccompanied immigrant children to multiple, and often ongoing, traumatic events that can significantly and adversely impact their mental health into adulthood. However, the ethical considerations for psychologists working with this growing population, with limited exceptions, remain largely unaddressed. As more and more UIC flee their home (...) countries due to violence, abuse, and economic instability only to experience further stressors during the processes of detainment, custodial placement, and acculturative adjustment in the US, there is an increasing need for psychological services; thus, the importance of preparation of mental health providers is increasingly significant. Psychologists must have the requisite skills and knowledge of the complex experiences of UIC, and of how these intersect with salient cultural, developmental, and systemic factors, as a means of providing competent and ethical mental health treatment. The present article highlights several ethical issues that arise when providing psychological services to UIC, with particular consideration paid to the embeddedness of UIC in various organizational entities with which psychologists will likely need to interface when working with this population. Implications and recommendations for practicing psychologists and training programs are discussed. (shrink)

Critical study of the Yogarūḍhivāda of the Tattvacintāmaṇi of Gaṅgeśa, 13th cent., work on verbal epistemology of the neo-Nyaya school in Hindu philosophy.

The handbook delves into the linguistic features of Southeast Asian and South Asian endangered languages, providing detailed descriptions and analyses. Each chapter covers a range of topics, including linguistic properties, extralinguistic aspects, and issues related to preserving and promoting endangered languages. The book also includes an ethnolinguistic profile for each language, discussing its official status, state of endangerment, demography, and usage. It discusses the methodological issues related to collecting and analyzing linguistic data. Furthermore, the book describes the unique linguistic features (...) of each language, covering phonology, morphology, morphosyntax, and other linguistic aspects. By doing so, the book highlights how new linguistic features and findings can reflect on the community. Given the context of UNESCO's declaration of the 'International Decade of Indigenous Languages 2022-2032', this book offers valuable insights for students, researchers, policymakers, government agencies, educators, and linguists. It is an informative volume for scholars working on various endangered languages worldwide. (shrink)

Collected articles and papers on philosophy.

Sources and commentary on ancient Chinese philosophy.

This article examines cloud seeding technology from a social perspective, with a focus on its evolution in India over the past six decades. It argues that the technology has developed in two intertwined trajectories: as a research experiment and as an operational service. The research dimension has evolved in conjunction with international development, while the operational projects are supported and sustained by the state for their appeal as drought relief. In the absence of a national policy, ambiguities over the efficacy (...) of cloud seeding technology have remained obscured from public debate. It has brought forth a situation where the concerned agencies admit that there is no clarity as yet on effectiveness of the particular technology, and at the same time various state governments execute large cloud seeding projects using taxpayer’s money. It points toward the political dimension of the technology and calls for a review of program assessment framework and inclusion of public participation. (shrink)

This is the outcome of research by many educationists and social scientists which focuses on the extent of the development of Women's Education. It looks at the national as well as the regional level, the inequality in the educational level of both the sexes in different spheres of society among different social groups.

In Genesis: Artificial Intelligence, Hope, and the Human Spirit (2024), Henry A. Kissinger, Eric Schmidt, and Craig Mundie offer a profound interdisciplinary exploration of AI’s transformative power and existential implications. Blending historical analogy, technological insight, and philosophical depth, the authors present AI as the harbinger of a “third age of discovery” that will reshape knowledge, politics, security, economy, science, and the human condition itself. At its core, the book defends human dignity, rooted in vulnerability, mortality, and moral choice, as the (...) non-negotiable foundation for any future partnership with intelligent machines. While celebrating AI’s potential to deliver abundance, cure diseases, combat climate change, and end scarcity, the authors warn of risks to free will, identity, and social cohesion. They advocate “sober optimism,” policy proposals such as AI wealth taxation, universal income, and value alignment, and deliberate coexistence over co-evolution. Yet, true coexistence, the book underemphasizes, requires not only moral aspiration but also enforceable global governance, mandatory bias audits, data-sovereignty laws, and democratic oversight to prevent computational capital from consolidating into a new techno-feudal order. (shrink)

Summary The Seuthopolis Inscription, traditionally regarded in scholarship as an index of the progress of Hellenization in Thrace in the early Hellenistic period or used to establish a historical narrative for the region during that period, is here set against a broader background of late Classical and early Hellenistic political practice in Thrace, in which a developing culture of public inscription played a central role. Two aspects of the Seuthopolis Inscription are treated in detail: first, its oath content; and, second, (...) the relationship of the monument to a broader documentary background. (shrink)

For centuries, religious traditions have incorporated the concept of “divine surveillance” into their moral frameworks, using it to shape ethical behavior and promote social and moral well-being. However, this idea of “watching deity” creates a sense of total control over the minds and actions of faithful believers. Under the watchful eyes of divine entities, ancestral spirits, sacred scriptures, and digital religious notifications, individuals often develop a deep sense of accountability along with distress, resulting in psychological stress and a pressure to (...) meet the religious timelines, beliefs, and values. Drawing upon Jeremy Bentham’s concept of “panopticon”, this study showcases the kind of anxiety one can be instilled with while navigating through the phenomenon of “Divine Gaze”. Taking insights from theories revolving around surveillance, psychology, and religion, this paper examines the rituals and practices of Hinduism, like Mahākumbha and Śrāddha that not only cultivate moral accountability but also impose psychological burden and stress on the minds of Hindu believers. The findings of the study reveal how divine and ancestral memory is invoked in the minds of Hindu believers through the intersecting influences of scriptures, media, governance, and psychological conditioning. Further, the research also emphasizes the shift from traditional to digitally mediated surveillance in the context of religion. (shrink)

This article examines the efforts by the Northwest Treeplanters and Farmworkers United union to organize Mexican migrant farmworkers in the Willamette Valley. It focuses on the union's 1995 organizing campaign of strawberry pickerśs, the largest campaign in the history of Pacific Northwest agriculture. To provide context for the union's efforts, the article develops the historical role and changing nature of Oregon agriculture, sketches the politics of agriculture in the state, and describes the industry's labor system. The article concludes that significant (...) gains for strawberry pickers were made during the 1995 campaign; the long-term consolidation of those gains remains to be demonstrated. (shrink)

With this article we introduce a new article category in the journal, as announced in this issue's editorial--Viewpoints & Discussion. Articles under this category are intended to provide authentic and qualified opinions on topics relevant to the journal. These articles and follow-up discussions will pass through an accelerated, mainly editorial, review process. We invite readers to respond to such articles by sharing their personal thoughts and experiences, as well as to initiate new discussions. We hope these contributions will make the (...) journal a site for lively discussions on research practice. For this first "Viewpoint" we have selected a topic that should be of interest to many readers: What key research competencies will researchers and professionals need to have in the future? To introduce the topic, we look into a recent comparative study on this question that compares the situation in eight research-intensive countries. Reports on the study are available for free download, which can serve as a basis for discussion. In keeping with the idea of "Viewpoints & Discussion," no claim to offering a systematic and scholarly account of the topic is intended; the only aim is to throw a spotlight on a theme of current interest and to suggest a few pertinent conjectures and questions for discussion. (shrink)

Studies show bilingualism entails an advantage in cognitive control tasks. There is evidence of a bilingual advantage in the context of aphasia, resulting in better cognitive outcomes and recovery in bilingual persons with aphasia compared to monolingual peers. This bilingual advantage also results in structural changes in the right hemisphere gray matter. Very few studies have examined the so-called bilingual advantage by reference to specific anomia therapy efficacy. This study aims to compare the effect of French-Phonological Component Analysis (Fr-PCA) in (...) monolinguals and bilingual persons with aphasia, both at the linguistic and cognitive control level, and to examine the structural impact of left hemisphere lesion location and right hemisphere structural data. Eight participants with chronic aphasia received Fr-PCA for a total of 15 h over 5 weeks. The results showed improved accuracy for treated words and generalization to untreated items and discourse in both groups, and improved Flanker task performance for some participants. Bilingual participants improved more than monolinguals for picture-naming tasks and narrative discourse. Damage to the left postcentral gyrus and the middle frontal gyrus was associated with less therapy-induced improvement. Additionally, left hemisphere damage to the inferior parietal gyrus and postcentral gyrus was associated with reduced cognitive control pre-therapy. Undamaged right hemisphere cortical thicknesses were significantly different between groups; the inferior frontal gyrus and the middle frontal gyrus were greater for the bilingual participants and correlated with cognitive control skills. These results suggest a bilingual advantage in anomia recovery following Fr-PCA, potentially resulting from enhanced cognitive control abilities that could be supported by right hemisphere neural reserve. (shrink)

With this issue of the Journal of Research Practice, we initiate a conceptual framework for thinking and writing about research, defining areas of editorial focus, and indexing work published in the journal. The framework takes the form of a concept hierarchy that offers index terms at three interrelated levels: (1) focus areas for reflection on research practice within which the journal aims to achieve excellence and strengthen its profile and visibility, (2) subject areas relevant to research practice that the journal (...) aims to cover and in terms of which it defines its focus areas, and (3) keywords for capturing the content of research work done in these subject areas or for reflecting and writing about it. Focus areas are characterized by assigned subject areas; subject areas are characterized by assigned keywords. The concept hierarchy is part of a more comprehensive initiative to strengthen the journal's profile and visibility, an initiative that will also include a restructuring of the editorial team and new roles for the journal's dedicated reviewers and active readers. The article introduces an initial version of the concept hierarchy, explains its intended use and further development, and situates it in the larger effort of which it is a part. (shrink)

Improvising selected tools from Kress and Van Leeuwen’s inter-semiosis framework, this study explores how, between global and local, TV commercials in India often reframe a cultural third space producing new discursive forms and identities. Three commercials from the food and beverage category are selected on the basis of the country of origin of the endorsing company and the patterns of glocalization. Multimodal discourse analysis reveals that the commercials construct the glocal identity in several ways. In the Knorr Soups commercial, the (...) melody of the title song is contemporary pop, whereas the delivery style and crooning are distinctively Western. The language is predominantly Hindi with deft use of selected English words. The Funda Mint commercial casts a rebel voice-support executive who rejects the pseudo-glocal identity and asserts his true identity. In the Cadbury Bournvita Folk commercial, the two boys represent the global and the local in the realm of creativity. The study advances the knowledge of product positioning and brand identity involving the intersemiosis of discursive elements from different cultural spaces within the contemporary Indian consumerist culture. (shrink)

Introduction: If ever attained, adopting native-like accent is achieved late in the learning process. Resemblance between L2 and mother tongue can facilitate L2 learning. In particular, cognates (phonologically and semantically similar words across languages), offer the opportunity to examine the issue of foreign accent in quite a unique manner. Methods: Twelve Spanish speaking (L1) adults learnt French (L2) cognates and practiced their native-like pronunciation by means of a computerized method. After consolidation, they were tested on L1 and L2 oral picture- (...) naming during fMRI scanning. Results and Discussion: The results of the present study show that there is a specific impact of accent on brain activation, even if L2 words are cognates, and belong to a pair of closely related languages. Results point that the insula is a key component of accent processing, which is in line with reports from patients with foreign accent syndrome (FSA) following damage to the insula (e.g. Moreno-Torres et al., 2013; Katz et al., 2012; Tomasino et al., 2013), and healthy L2 learners (Chee et al., 2003). Thus, the left insula has been consistently related to the integration of attentional and working memory abilities, together with fine-tuning of motor programming to achieve optimal articulation. (shrink)

Festschrift in honor of Damodhar Mahapatra Shastri, 1890-1975, Sanskritist; comprises research articles on Vedic literature, religion, and Sanskrit grammar.

Research papers presented in a National Seminar on Turning points of Indian śāstric traditions, organized by Dept. of Sanskrit, Dr. Harisingh Gour University from 19th-21st March, 1997).

This editorial article reports on the progress that the Journal of Research Practice (JRP) has achieved in its ongoing development since November 2011, when a number of editorial initiatives were announced. Several new initiatives are also proposed. In addition, there are some current announcements, including a number of recent awards, distinctions, and nominations.

In recent years, risk management and analysis has attracted a great deal of attention from both researchers and practitioners. Enterprise risk management has become an important topic in today’s more complex, interrelated global business environment, replete with threats from natural, political, economic, and technical sources. This survey and introductory article addresses computerized tools used for risk management and analysis. Risks are studied from perspectives of different disciplines, with a discussion of how various methods and tools are used to optimize risk (...) management. (shrink)

In policy-making the consumption of specially labelled products, and its role in improving the welfare of livestock, has attracted considerable attention. There is in many countries a diverse market for animal welfare-friendly products which is potentially confusing and may lack transparency. We ask whether special quality labels that involve medium levels of animal welfare, as compared with labels promoting premium levels of animal welfare, have a role to play in promoting improvements in animal welfare. The Danish pork market is our (...) reference case, but we also widen the context by comparing the markets for pork in three other European countries. Our findings suggest that in order to improve animal welfare through demand for welfare-friendly products it is important to maintain separate the market for products with strong animal welfare profiles from markets for products with medium levels of animal welfare where, often, animal welfare is bundled together with other food quality attributes. We conclude that such quality labels may indeed play an important role in promoting higher animal welfare standards provided that they offer real improvements in animal welfare as compared with standard products. They will be attractive to consumers with a positive, but not especially strong interest in animal welfare as an individual food attribute who would otherwise be inclined to purchase standard products. (shrink)