The digital world calls into question the fundamental concepts and categories of philosophical anthropology. The defining and exclusive aspects of human beings lose their significance with the emergence of synthetic entities that share the same characteristics. In this article, we have set out to conduct a philosophical analysis of digital anthropology. First, we have examined the four strategies followed so far to identify the ontological continuities between humans and technologies. We argue that none of them is convincing, for two reasons: (...) the first three reduce anthropology to ontology; and the fourth completely dismisses the ontological dimension. Next, we have therefore been concerned with developing a new anthropological approach that more successfully accounts for the digital world, namely, a structurist anthropology that understands the human being as a bio-psycho-social being open to entering into relationships with other entities. This has then led us to develop the relational aspects of the digital world through the concept of technological mediation. The notion of information introduced by new technologies mediates our action and perception in a qualitatively new way: it produces closed digital environments, inclines towards informational equality and induces dynamics of decontextualization. Finally, we have developed the epistemic, post-truth and ethical implications, the techno-moral changes, of digital technological mediation. (shrink)

As suicide rates increase worldwide, the mental health industry has reached an impasse in attempts to assess patients, predict risk, and prevent suicide. Traditional assessment tools are no more accurate than chance, prompting the need to explore new avenues in artificial intelligence (AI). Early studies into these tools show potential with higher accuracy rates than previous methods alone. Medical researchers, computer scientists, and social media companies are exploring these avenues. While Facebook leads the pack, its efforts stem from scrutiny following (...) suicides and suicide attempts broadcasted on Facebook Live. The company continues to face scrutiny for ethical, privacy, and safety concerns associated with the quick rollout of proprietary AI technology that seems more focused on the optics of the company than the protection of its billions of users. This paper explores some of these issues, including a lack of transparency, questionable data practices, escalation to law enforcement, little to no regulation, potential for bias, increased viewership of troubling content, and worsening thoughts of suicide among vulnerable Facebook users. Despite AI tools showing promise in improving the accuracy of suicide risk predictions over traditional methods, without regulation, external review, and increased protection of users and data, these tools have the potential to cause more harm than good in the hands of powerful companies like Facebook. (shrink)

Drawing on the interactionist perspective of innovation and on the sustainable ethical strength framework, the present research examines the moderating role of supervisors’ moral courage to go beyond compliance in the relationships between teamwork quality, team creativity, and team idea implementation. Two field studies, using multi-source and multi-wave data, indicated that teamwork quality was positively related to team idea implementation via team creativity, particularly when team supervisors revealed moral courage to go beyond compliance. When supervisors lacked such courage, teams struggled (...) to develop creative ideas and to implement them. Robustness checks and tests of alternative theoretical explanations indicated that our model and findings are robust. From a theoretical perspective, our findings indicate that, due to its empowering and promotion focused orientation, supervisors’ courage to go beyond compliance has relevance for the teamwork and team innovation domains, playing an important moderating role in defining whether quality teamwork leads to enhanced team creativity and team idea implementation. (shrink)

Technology integration in education has transformed learning, highlighting tools such as ChatGPT in teaching English. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the integration of ChatGPT in Latin America's Higher Education. The methodology was qualitative and descriptive, with a literature review design. It shows that students and teachers value ChatGPT in English teaching, highlighting its potential to improve writing, feedback, and academic engagement. However, ethical challenges, technological dependence, the digital divide, and contextual limitations are identified in Latin America. The studies suggest (...) the need for formative strategies and regulatory frameworks that ensure responsible use adapted to cultural and institutional particularities to maximize significant educational benefits. It is concluded that, despite the remarkable interest and potential of ChatGPT to improve English language learning, there are challenges in integration, training, digital divide, and regulation, particularly in Latin American contexts. (shrink)

This paper tries to address the ethical question of Nazism from the point of view of social relations. That implies linking the fulfilment of the fascist ideology with its economic conditions. In this sense, the main proposal is to highlight that, crimes such as those committed by the Nazi regime, are not only possible based on a monstrous bureaucratic formation but also from a permissive dynamic of production and exchange. However, the relative autonomy that we can claim over the ideological (...) factor of the phenomenon faces severe limits. In the "National-socialist" case, those limits are the declining demand, the increase in government debt and the inhibition of the productive investment of capital. It is as if Evil incarnated only at the cost of eroding its conditions of possibility. (shrink)

This article presents the results of the analysis of a number of linguistic metaphors found in a corpus of opinion articles published in the Spanish newspaper El País. The authors included in the corpus, who tend towards the left of the political spectrum, use metaphor to express moral judgements on the actions and decisions of the conservative, centre-right People’s party, which governs Spain with an overall majority. With the aim of describing this discourse, we have undertaken a qualitative analysis with (...) a conceptual framework deriving from CDA and cognitive linguistics. First, therefore, we have made use of the methodology developed by Steen and the Pragglejaz group to extract the discourse units that could be considered as the lexical expression of an underlying mapping between domains, that is, the metaphors; second, according to the descriptions of Talmy, Croft, Sweetser, Sullivan, and Dancygier and Sweetser, we have verified that the different types of grammatical structure in which the lexical items appeared also indicated the existence of a metaphorical thought process; and third, in the words of van Dijk, we have studied the ideological semantics underlying conceptual structures and conceptual content. As we have demonstrated, all the samples of linguistic metaphors found led readers to construct the same interpretation of the meaning: The Spanish People’s party government is the past, a past that provokes rejection and which was thought to be definitively ended. (shrink)

Je cherche à défendre la démocratie délibérative en soumettant à la critique l'un de ses concurrents théoriques : le pluralisme agonistique de Chantal Mouffe. Premièrement, je reconstruis la vision que la démocratie délibérative et le pluralisme agonistique ont de la relation entre le politique et la vérité. Deuxièmement, je relie la position de chaque doctrine sur cette relation à la distinction entre délibération et négociation. Troisièmement, je démontre que la doctrine de Mouffe, en niant qu'il existe une relation entre le (...) politique et la vérité, défend une version de la politique où prédomine le déploiement de l'action stratégique. Je soutiens que cela contribue à la marchandisation de la politique. Enfin, je soutiens que cette manière de faire de la politique est hautement dysfonctionnelle. (shrink)

This article reinterprets an incident that Livy (8.18.4–11) and derivative later sources place in the year 331 BCE: a wave of poisonings whose perpetrators are brought to light after an enslaved woman contacts a Roman magistrate. Its main objectives are to show that the incident is best understood in connection with the transmission of novel—or perceived as novel—pharmacological knowledge, and in conjunction with shifts in the institution of slavery at Rome that were set in motion by the Republic’s expansion; that (...) a key figure in the mythological encoding of this transmission was the legendary Circe; and that moving away from previous scholarship’s concern with the matronae alleged to have carried out the poisonings and focusing instead on “la servant délatrice” (Jean-Marie Pailler) opens up new corridors into the cultural history of this period. (shrink)

We explore the relationship between evidence and knowledge when knowledge is described by a standard partition over a finite state space, and evidence is represented by a state-dependent collection of finite sets of messages. When the collection is measurable with respect to the partition, there is evidence for an event only if the event is self-evident—i.e., known at every one of its states. Thus, an event is commonly known in and only if there is _mutual_ evidence that implies that the (...) event has occurred, and all knowledge can be proved only when the agent is informed about the state or knows nothing. The existence of partial provability outside these two extremes hinges on the non monotonic nature of provability. (shrink)

This article proposes a new interpretation of slave religious experience in mid-republican Rome. Select passages from Plautine comedy and Cato the Elder's De agri cultura are paired with material culture as well as comparative evidence—mostly from studies of Black Atlantic slave religions—to reconstruct select aspects of a specific and distinctive slave “religiosity” in the era of large-scale enslavements. I work towards this reconstruction first by considering the subordination of slaves as religious agents before turning to slaves’ practice of certain forms (...) of religious expertise in the teeth of subordination and policing. After transitioning to an assessment of slave religiosity's role in the pursuit of freedom, I conclude with a set of methodological justifications for this paper's line of inquiry. (shrink)

En Enfermería, se requiere que los profesionales tengan conocimientos y habilidades que le permitan asumir actitudes propias del trabajo en equipo, por tanto, el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje debe proponer alternativas didácticas dirigidas a formar en los estudiantes modos de actuación para desarrollar tareas asistenciales en equipo. Se plantea como idea a defender que una concepción del proceso de enseñanza con enfoque de aprendizaje cooperativo asistencial a través de tareas de aprendizaje en situación cooperativa favorece el desarrollo de competencias para trabajar (...) en equipo en la formación de enfermeros. Los métodos utilizados fueron: histórico lógico, método sistémico estructural y método hermenéutico. (shrink)

This article studies the adoption of the nickname Malleolus by members of the gens Publicia in mid-republican Rome to illustrate the importance of grounding cultural history in the lives of seemingly minor political players and the mundane objects with which they came to be associated. After reviewing the occupational significance of hammers during the First Punic War, I scrutinize the ritual and cultic intersignifications of hammers in fourth- and third-century BCE central Italy in order to set up a comprehensive reconstruction (...) of the social and semiotic networks that structured and mediated the dedication of a temple to the goddess Flora by the brothers Publicii Malleoli at a time of internal political crisis and external conflict. Central to the political and intercultural contests of mid-republican Rome was the generative force of the polyvalent and object-centered cognomen in establishing and promoting individual and collective identities. (shrink)

Por medio de este artículo se hace un análisis de la figura del retorno como una solución duradera para las personas refugiadas o desplazadas por conflictos. Se analiza cómo se ha visto el retorno como un derecho en derecho internacional y la intrínseca relación que existe entre el retorno y la construcción de paz en escenarios de posconflicto.

The research “From Pure Quantity to Quantum in Hegel's Science of Logic reconstructs the 1st chapter of this session that poses the problem of passing from Quality to Quantity. The dialectic of being-for-itself led to the quantitative unit that is, initially, pure immediate quantity in relation to itself; the result of this process brings immanent moments of attraction and repulsion that are now continuous and of discrete magnitude; these two moments contain each other reciprocally forming an inseparable unit, that is, (...) quantity is an uninterrupted process of the ones. However, the limitation of quantity describes that both in continuity and in discretion there is a limit that leads to the quantum. Then, we briefly present the problematization of the quantitative being and mathematics, in order to show the relevance of making quantity explicit in Hegelian logic. (shrink)

Artificial intelligence (AI) appears to be an unstoppable phenomenon that will increasingly conquer more areas of our lives and in a more intimate way. One of the areas where this disruptive technology could have a major impact is the field of law. Numerous studies already support the enormous advantages that AI could have on citizens’ right of access to justice. However, like all technological advances, it has uses, both current and future, that could be “unacceptable” or “high-risk” in any democratic (...) country governed by the rule of law that holds human dignity as a supreme value. In these cases, only adequate regulation can establish the scope and limits of the use of this technology. Thus, in this paper, we analyze the current state of AI in the administration of justice in Ibero-America at the regulatory level and explore the different tools that are already being applied in this field in the region. The European Union’s AI Law will be taken as a reference. (shrink)

La soledad condensa tanto una esperanza de vivir según su propio criterio, como el miedo de no poder defenderse. Se trata de una condición que está en los márgenes de la constitución de una sociedad. Este modo de aislamiento del individuo permite pensar el conflicto y la polarización en la democracia. El texto analiza las concepciones de soledad en la filosofía de Spinoza para alcanzar un análisis de la utilidad. La fortaleza de ánimo, virtud y condición del ánimo que corresponde (...) a cierto entendimiento de la mente, es el modo para buscar sobreponerse al conflicto. (shrink)

Presenta a grandes rasgos su tesis doctoral. Dentro del marco de la teoría de los afectos, Spinoza sostiene una tesis sobre la alienación a partir de la imaginación y del tiempo, para ello produce una teoría del tiempo y, fundamentalmente, una teoría de las intensidades que sirve para explicar la ilusión.

El presente artículo tiene como propósito exponer la implementación y evaluación de un modelo de intervención grupal para personas con consumo problemático de drogas, el cual tiene como teoría de base la Biología de la Cognición y del Amar de Humberto Maturana. Hipotetizamos que mediante laimplementación de este modelo de terapia grupal disminuyen los niveles de depresión y ansiedad en las personas con consumo problemático de drogas. Es una investigación cuasi experimental pre-post con grupo de control, donde se exponen los (...) resultados de la muestra del Grupo Tratamiento, perteneciente a la Comunidad Terapéutica Padre Alberto Hurtado de Arica y del Grupo Control, el cual corresponde a la Comunidad Terapéutica La Tirana de AltoHospicio. Los resultados obtenidos muestran las diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos.The present article has as purpose to expose the implementation and evaluation of a model of group intervention for people with problematic consumption of drugs, which has as base theory the Biology of Cognition and of Love of Humberto Maturana; hypothesizing diminish the depression levels and anxiety in people with problematic consumption of drugs by means of thismodel’s of group therapy implementation. It is an quasi experimental research pre-post with control group, where the results of the sample of two Group Treatment are exposed, one belonging to the Therapeutic Community Padre Alberto Hurtado of Arica and the Group Control, which corresponds to the Therapeutic Community La Tirana at Alto Hospicio. The obtained results show significant differences between both groups. (shrink)

t. 1. La moral teológica y su acción en el paganismo. La moral teológica y su acción en el judaismo.--t. 2. La moral teológica y su acción en el cristianismo.

This paper studies the concept of memory as understood in Spinoza’s body of work, focusing mainly on E 2P18. The main features of memory’s functioning are explained across three conceptual axes: affectio, vestigium and concatenation. These shape Spinoza’s own argumentation in the cited proposition and also recall Aristotle’s theory on memory’s function and functioning. The link between both theories helps transversely to elucidate Spinoza’s position regarding the problem of the identity of the individual.

Más allá de las tres temáticas, la gubernamentalidad introduce nuevos interrogantes que complejizan la filosofía de Michel Foucault. Se investigará los avatares de esta etapa previa a la cuestión de la subjetividad. Allí se anuncia el problema de la población y el bio-poder, pero se diluye frente al tema de la relación del gobierno con el Estado, y en especial del neoliberalismo en Alemania y EE. UU. en la década de los 50. Estas transformaciones se deben a dos componentes metodológicos: (...) el nominalismo y la discontinuidad histórica. Se estudiará las relaciones entre tres dispositivos de poder y sus mutaciones históricas. Se cuestiona que los tres dispositivos se conectarían en un sistema triangular, con suficiente complementariedad. Por el contrario, se enfatizará sus tensiones, aunque esto no aminora el desarrollo en dos planos en virtud de los campos denominados macro y microfísica del poder. (shrink)

When the richest 85 individuals in the world own as much as the poorest 3 billion people, one must ask about equity and social justice. Yet, the problem is not just individual, but also systemic. Just as nations have developed poverty lines to identify people who need help, so too, as this book argues, we need a measure of relative wealth that can guide policy makers, governments, development specialists, and economists. Approaching the question through theological, ethical, and economic analysis, the (...) book probes the dynamics of wealth creation, the effectiveness of national and international policies, and the underlying questions of poverty, wealth, and widening economic disparities. [Subject: Religious Studies, Ethics, Social Justice, Economic Policy]. (shrink)

Desde mediados del siglo XIX las relaciones entre España y Portugal han venido estando marcadas por la idea del iberismo. Culminado el proceso de transición política en ambos países en el último cuartel del siglo XX se impone con fuerza la necesidad de sustituirla por el concepto de cooperación al amparo que ofrece la pertenencia de ambos Estados a la Unión Europea como ente supranacional de resolución de conflictos. En este artículo analizamos la presencia del iberismo en la prensa española (...) desde principios de los años 80 hasta la primera década del siglo XXI y su particular evolución acompañando los cambios políticos, económicos y sociales del país. (shrink)

Moral intuitions are generally understood as automatic strong responses to moral facts. In this paper, I offer a metacognitive account according to which the strength of moral intuitions denotes the level of confidence of a subject. Confidence is a metacognitive appraisal of the fluency with which a subject processes information from a morally salient stimulus. I show that this account is supported by some empirical evidence, explains the main features of moral intuition and is preferable to emotional or quasi-perceptual views (...) of moral intuition. (shrink)

The notion of individualised evidence holds the key to solve the puzzle of statistical evidence, but there’s still no consensus on how exactly to define it. To make progress on the problem, epistemologists have proposed various accounts of individualised evidence in terms of causal or modal anti-luck conditions on knowledge like appropriate causation, sensitivity and safety. In this paper, I show that each of these fails as satisfactory anti-luck condition, and that such failure lends abductive support to the following conclusion: (...) once the familiar anti-luck intuition on knowledge is extended to individualised evidence, no single causal or modal anti-luck condition on knowledge can succeed as the right anti-luck condition on individualised evidence. This conclusion casts serious doubts on the fruitfulness of the move from anti-luck conditions on knowledge to anti-luck conditions on individualised evidence. I expand on these doubts and point out further aspects where epistemology and the law come apart: epistemic anti- luck conditions on knowledge do not adequately characterise the legal notion of individualised evidence. (shrink)

Dario Martinelli’s compact and enjoyable treatise on zoömusicology, _Of Birds, Whales and Other Musicians_ introduces musicologists, biologists, social scientists, and philosophers to a new theoretical model for studying how animal behavioral patterns relate to sound communication. Organized by musical trait rather than animal species, and drawing upon the work of such esteemed philosophers as Umberto Eco, Charles Sanders Peirce, and Thomas Sebeok, Martinelli’s analyses redefine the boundaries surrounding music and help readers—scholars and amateurs alike—to appreciate the relationship between animals and (...) musicological exchanges. (shrink)

In "My Own Life," Hume writes:1 During my retreat in France, first at Reims, but chiefly at La Fleche, in Anjou, I composed my Treatise of Human Nature. After passing three years very agreeably in that country, I came over to London in 1737. In the end of 1738, I published my Treatise, and immediately went down to my mother and my brother, who lived at his country house, and was employing himself very judiciously and successfully in the improvement of (...) his fortune. It is thus "chiefly" at La Flèche that Hume wrote one of the masterpieces of early modern philosophy. Hume's stay in France extended from July 1734 to August 1737. He spent a few weeks in Paris in the summer of 1734, hosted by Chevalier... (shrink)

Despite the substantial appeal of the safety condition, Kelp (J Philos Res 34:21–31, 2009; Am Philos Q 53:27–37; Good Thinking. A Knowledge First Virtue Epistemology, Routledge, London, 2018) has raised a difficult challenge for safety-theoretic accounts of knowledge. By combining Gettier-style fake barn cases with epistemic Frankfurt cases, he concludes that no formulation of safety can be strong enough to predict ignorance in the former and weak enough to accommodate knowledge in the latter. In this note, my contribution is two-fold. (...) Firstly, I take up Kelp’s challenge and I show that, once properly understood, safety successfully rises to it. Secondly, I draw a more general lesson on the safety condition: a satisfactory solution to Kelp’s challenge calls for a revision of the standard formulation of safety, which must be indexed to both methods and environments. My conclusion will be that an environment-relative version of safety not only meets Kelp’s challenge, but it also advances our understanding of the safety condition on knowledge. (shrink)

For at least two centuries, democratic representation has been at the center of debate. Should elected representatives express the views of the majority, or do they have the discretion to interpret their constituents' interests? How can representatives balance the desires of their parties and their electors? What should be done to strengthen the representation of groups that have been excluded from the political system? Representative democracy itself remains frequently contested, regarded as incapable of reflecting the will of the masses, or (...) inadequate for today's global governance. Recently, however, this view of democratic representation has been under attack for its failure to capture the performative and constructive elements of the process of representation, and a new literature more attentive to these aspects of the relationship between representatives and the represented has arisen. In Creating Political Presence, a diverse and international group of scholars explores the implications of such a turn. Two broad, overlapping perspectives emerge. In the first section, the contributions investigate how political representation relates to empowerment, either facilitating or interfering with the capacity of citizens to develop autonomous judgment in collective decision making. Contributions in the second section look at representation from the perspective of inclusion, focusing on how representative relationships and claims articulate the demands of those who are excluded or have no voice. The final section examines political representation from a more systemic perspective, exploring its broader environmental conditions and the way it acquires democratic legitimacy. (shrink)