The study of the entanglement properties of systems of N fermions has attracted considerable interest during the last few years. Various separability criteria for pure states of N identical fermions have been recently discussed but, except for the case of two-fermions systems, these criteria are difficult to implement and are of limited value from the practical point of view. Here we advance simple necessary and sufficient separability criteria for pure states of N identical fermions. We found that to be identified (...) as separable, a state has to comply with one single identity involving either the purity or the von Neumann entropy of the single-particle reduced density matrix. These criteria, based on the verification of only one identity, are drastically simpler than the criteria discussed in the recent literature. We also derive two inequalities verified, respectively, by the purity and the entropy of the single-particle, reduced density matrix, which lead to natural entanglement measures for N-fermion pure states. Our present considerations are related to some classical results from the Hartree-Fock theory, which are here discussed from a different point of view in order to clarify some important points concerning the separability of fermionic pure states. (shrink)

This is the first book to explore the cognitive science of effortless attention and action. Attention and action are generally understood to require effort, and the expectation is that under normal circumstances effort increases to meet rising demand. Sometimes, however, attention and action seem to flow effortlessly despite high demand. Effortless attention and action have been documented across a range of normal activities--from rock climbing to chess playing--and yet fundamental questions about the cognitive science of effortlessness have gone largely unasked. (...) -/- This book draws from the disciplines of cognitive psychology, neurophysiology, behavioral psychology, genetics, philosophy, and cross-cultural studies. Starting from the premise that the phenomena of effortless attention and action provide an opportunity to test current models of attention and action, leading researchers from around the world examine topics including effort as a cognitive resource, the role of effort in decision making, the neurophysiology of effortless attention and action, the role of automaticity in effortless action, expert performance in effortless action, and the neurophysiology and benefits of attentional training. -/- Contributors: Joshua M. Ackerman, James H. Austin, John A. Bargh, Roy F. Baumeister, Sian L. Beilock, Chris Blais, Matthew M. Botvinick, Brian Bruya, Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, Marci S. DeCaro, Arne Dietrich, Yuri Dormashev, László Harmat, Bernhard Hommel, Rebecca Lewthwaite, Örjan de Manzano, Joseph T. McGuire, Brian P. Meier, Arlen C. Moller, Jeanne Nakamura, Evgeny N. Osin, Michael I. Posner, Mary K. Rothbart, M. R. Rueda, Brandon J. Schmeichel, Edward Slingerland, Oliver Stoll, Yiyuan Tang, Töres Theorell, Fredrik Ullén, Robert D. Wall, Gabriele Wulf. (shrink)

Classical logic has proved inadequate in various areas of computer science, artificial intelligence, mathematics, philosopy and linguistics. This is an introduction to extensions of first-order logic, based on the principle that many-sorted logic (MSL) provides a unifying framework in which to place, for example, second-order logic, type theory, modal and dynamic logics and MSL itself. The aim is two fold: only one theorem-prover is needed; proofs of the metaproperties of the different existing calculi can be avoided by borrowing them from (...) MSL. To make the book accessible to readers from different disciplines, whilst maintaining precision, the author has supplied detailed step-by-step proofs, avoiding difficult arguments, and continually motivating the material with examples. Consequently this can be used as a reference, for self-teaching or for first-year graduate courses. (shrink)

Model theory is the branch of mathematical logic looking at the relationship between mathematical structures and logic languages. These formal languages are free from the ambiguities of natural languages, and are becoming increasingly important in areas such as computing, philosophy and linguistics. This book provides a clear introduction to the subject for both mathematicians and the non-specialists now needing to learn some model theory.

In this article we define a logical system called Hybrid Partial Type Theory ( $\mathcal {HPTT}$ ). The system is obtained by combining William Farmer’s partial type theory with a strong form of hybrid logic. William Farmer’s system is a version of Church’s theory of types which allows terms to be non-denoting; hybrid logic is a version of modal logic in which it is possible to name worlds and evaluate expressions with respect to particular worlds. We motivate this combination of (...) ideas in the introduction, and devote the rest of the article to defining, axiomatising, and proving a completeness result for $\mathcal {HPTT}$. (shrink)

This paper focuses on the evolution of the notion of completeness in contemporary logic. We discuss the differences between the notions of completeness of a theory, the completeness of a calculus, and the completeness of a logic in the light of Gödel's and Tarski's crucial contributions.We place special emphasis on understanding the differences in how these concepts were used then and now, as well as on the role they play in logic. Nevertheless, we can still observe a certain ambiguity in (...) the use of the close notions of completeness of a calculus and completeness of a logic. We analyze the state of the art under which Gödel's proof of completeness was developed, particularly when dealing with the decision problem for first-order logic. We believe that Gödel had to face the following dilemma: either semantics is decidable, in which case the completeness of the logic is trivial or, completeness is a critical property but in this case it cannot be obtained as a corollary of a previous decidability result. As far as first-order logic is concerned, our thesis is that the contemporary understanding of completeness of a calculus was born as a generalization of the concept of completeness of a theory. The last part of this study is devoted to Henkin's work concerning the generalization of his completeness proof to any logic from his initial work in type theory. (shrink)

This article is an extended promenade strolling along the winding roads of identity, equality, nameability and completeness, looking for places where they converge. We have distinguished between identity and equality; the first is a binary relation between objects while the second is a symbolic relation between terms. Owing to the central role the notion of identity plays in logic, you can be interested either in how to define it using other logical concepts or in the opposite scheme. In the first (...) case, one investigates what kind of logic is required. In the second case, one is interested in the definition of the other logical concepts in terms of the identity relation, using also abstraction. The present paper investigates whether identity can be introduced by definition arriving to the conclusion that only in full higher-order logic a reliable definition of identity is possible. However, the definition needs the standard semantics and we know that with this semantics completeness is lost. We have also studied the relationship of equality with comprehension and extensionality and pointed out the relevant role played by these two axioms in Henkin’s completeness method. We finish our paper with a section devoted to general semantics, where the role played by the nameable hierarchy of types is the key in Henkin’s completeness method. (shrink)

This paper is dedicated to Alonzo Church, who died in August 1995 after a long life devoted to logic. To Church we owe lambda calculus, the thesis bearing his name and the solution to the Entscheidungsproblem.His well-known book Introduction to Mathematical LogicI, defined the subject matter of mathematical logic, the approach to be taken and the basic topics addressed. Church was the creator of the Journal of Symbolic Logicthe best-known journal of the area, which he edited for several decades This (...) paper is in three sections. The first is written in journalistic style:the story of the life of AlonzoChurch is told, including some of the many anecdotes I have collected from different sources. The secondpart is devoted to his work, but is far from being exhaustive. The last part is more original; in it I attempto show that Church’s great discovery was lambda calculus and that his remaining contributions weremainly inspired afterthoughts in the sense that most of his contributions as well as some of his pupils derivefrom that initial achievement. Included are Kleene’s Recursion Theory and the completeness proof ofHenkin. I have added an appendix in which is presented the typed lambda calculus and a proof of theundecidability of first-order logic. (shrink)

Equational hybrid propositional type theory ) is a combination of propositional type theory, equational logic and hybrid modal logic. The structures used to interpret the language contain a hierarchy of propositional types, an algebra and a Kripke frame. The main result in this paper is the proof of completeness of a calculus specifically defined for this logic. The completeness proof is based on the three proofs Henkin published last century: Completeness in type theory, The completeness of the first-order functional calculus (...) and Completeness in propositional type theory. More precisely, from and we take the idea of building the model described by the maximal consistent set; in our case the maximal consistent set has to be named, \-saturated and extensionally algebraic-saturated due to the hybrid and equational nature of \. From, we use the result that any element in the hierarchy has a name. The challenge was to deal with all the heterogeneous components in an integrated system. (shrink)

In Scotus the person is treated in an intelectual atmosphere in which has already been enhanced a considerable effort intelectual in views to an understanding and clarification of what is the person. The author of this work on Scotus, professor emeritus of Antonianum of Rome, intends to make understand the originality of the grief escotista on the person. For it, it is about creating the place in which makes sense speak of person, as Escoto. This place is not other but (...) that in the one that the ontological language is overcome. The person, indeed, indicates and she says something that surpasses and she is added the intellectual constituted individual or the individual of rational nature. In consequence, Prof. Manzano pursues and it indicates the roads from Scotus to this original reality that is the one of being person. These roads are, in short, the road toward the person’s understanding like «an absolute event that happens», the road of the person’s understanding like «absolute independence» and the road of the person’s understanding like «incommunicable existence». At the end, the author treats the scotish dialectic on the question of if the person is carácter of being something positive real, although not ontological, or she is merely somethig relational. In this lasta case, it will be abolut a «relationship» extremely original and diverse of the nature of the relationship as predicament. (shrink)

As sociedades passaram da preocupação com o crescimento descontrolado da população para o medo do envelhecimento. Nos últimos anos, surgiu a economia prateada, um termo amplamente promovido por organizações internacionais, mas com pouca reflexão científica. Esta nova perspetiva considera o envelhecimento das sociedades como uma oportunidade para gerar crescimento económico, contrariando a extensa literatura académica que o associa a impactos negativos na economia. O objetivo deste artigo é desvendar os pressupostos e desafios subjacentes às definições de economia prateada formuladas pelas (...) organizações internacionais. (shrink)

Resumen En esta contribución ofrecemos una interpretación del pons asinorum que se basa en una lógica de términos contemporánea. Esto nos permite revitalizar la idea del pons asinorum para generar el -políticamente correcto- pons scholasticorum, una versión terminística del pons asinorum que conecta la inventio medii con el dictum de omni et nullo.In this contribution we offer an interpretation of the pons asinorum by using a contemporary term logic. This interpretation allows us to revitalize the concept of the pons asinorum (...) in order to produce the -politically correct- pons scholasticorum, a terministic version of the pons asinorum that relates the inventio medii with the dictum de omni et nullo. (shrink)

Esta obra es la transcripción de una conferencia que Judith Butler (Ohio, 1956) impartió en Barcelona en abril de 2010, ampliada en la segunda parte del libro con una entrevista en profundidad. Ambos textos, dirigidos a un lector culto, no necesariamente especializado en filosofía política, giran en torno al papel que puede jugar la izquierda en la defensa de los más vulnerables habida cuenta de las diferentes formas de opresión, exclusión y violencia existentes.

In this contribution we present a translation from Moss’ natural logic to Sommers’ term logic by using a tableaux method. The result shows Sommers’ term logic lies beyond the Peano-Frege, Church-Turing, and Aristotle frontiers while maintaining the inferential and expressive powers of the systems that inhabit such limits. This suggests that term logic might be instrumental for a natural logic project.

This study examines the role that chatbots, an application of AI in e-commerce customer service, play in increasing online trust in brands and how, from this trust, interaction with chatbots can impact brand preference and purchase intention A conceptual model based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Information System Success Model (IS) is proposed to understand the relationships between the utility, ease-of-use, and responsiveness of a chatbot, online trust, brand preference, and purchase intention. Based on a sample of Spanish (...) consumers, this study provides a better understanding of how to build trust online and how this can strengthen the relationship with the consumer and lead to a purchase. At the same time, it alerts professionals to the need to design chatbots that are useful and respond efficiently and quickly in their customer service. The results of our study aim to help brands in designing chatbots to provide e-services that consolidate customer relationships and foster sales. (shrink)

In this paper I firstly examine the contents of Escur. Φ III 11, which includes a medical section, an anthology of texts both sacred and profane, and the epistolar exchange between Gregorius Acindynus and Eirene Choumnos. Secondly I go through Eirene’s intellectual background and the books transcribed under her patronage. Thirdly I explain the role played by this Escurialensis in Eirene’s library and in the anti-Palamite circles. Fourthly, basing on different kinds of arguments, I attribute the copying of ff. 83r-156v (...) to Matthew Blastares. (shrink)

In this paper we attempt to do something rather simple: to meet the advances of Sommers and Englebretsen (namely, a plus-minus algebra for syllogistic) together with the developments of Peterson and Thompson (namely, an extension of syllogistic with “most,” “many,” and “few”). The result is an intermediate syllogistic that copes with a wide range of logical patterns but with the virtues of an algebraic approach.

Term Functor Logic is a term logic that recovers some important features of the traditional, Aristotelian logic; however, it turns out that it does not preserve all of the Aristotelian properties a valid inference should have insofar as the class of theorems of Term Functor Logic includes some inferences that may be considered irrelevant (e.g. ex falso, verum ad, and petitio principii). By following an Aristotelian or syllogistic notion of relevance, in this contribution we adapt a tableaux method for Term (...) Functor Logic in order to avoid irrelevance and we offer some sort of intuitive semantics in terms of traditional inferential situations (e.g. propter quid, quia, non causa ut causa, and non sequitur). (shrink)

En la modernidad tradicional la realidad se presenta desde una mathesis universalis que la explica y le confiere unos contornos fijos y claros desde los cuales es posible construir todo el edificio de la ciencia natural que lo explica. Así, el mundo del hombre se observará desde las leyes universales que rigen todo comportamiento humano en sociedad. Para Nietzsche, por el contrario, el mundo sólo encuentra su fundamento en el devenir de configuraciones de fuerzas que no se rigen por ninguna (...) ley previa más allá de su propia relación. Igualmente, en Baltasar Gracián, es ampliamente apoyada la tesis de que el aragonés propone una «nihilización» del mundo que coloca su fundamento fuera, en fuga. Nos proponemos analizar las reflexiones de Baltasar Gracián y Friedrich Nietzsche de acuerdo a las cuales el mundo aparece desde su «inmundicia» y falta de fundamento en contra de esa visión moderna que busca someter al mundo a unas leyes fijas y universales. Sin embargo y, al mismo tiempo, queremos mostrar cómo esta visión no conduce a un nihilismo resignado, sino que, por el contrario, impone al hombre la responsabilidad de, aceptando este desfondamiento del mundo, hacer de él algo que merezca la pena ser vivido. (shrink)

This article sets out a global analysis of the weaknesses, threats, strengths and opportunities that define the current situation of nursing in Europe. The nursing profession in Europe is suffering from a crisis of self‐efficacy with the syndrome of burnout being one of its consequences. Other weaknesses include shortage of staff, job insecurity, devalued nursing image in society and the lack of recognition of emotional and psychological dimensions of care. The threats to this profession are linked to the lack of (...) prestige and social recognition and to the current economic crisis in Europe. The European economic crisis favours staff shortages and increased European migration flow. The strength of the group lies in the art of caring, which is its defining feature. Primary Care Nursing and Hospital Liaison Nursing demonstrate the great professional adaptability in meeting the needs of the ever‐changing society. The European Higher Education Area and the strengthening of the specialties provide opportunities for the nursing profession. Both represent an important progress towards solid professionalism that will give nursing greater visibility. Moreover, nursing must implement strategies to disseminate its activity and emerge from anonymity. Nursing must show society the image it wants to project. (shrink)

The present study aims to apply a program based on Hellison’s Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility Model (TPSR), traditionally used in Physical Education, to other educational subjects and examine the assessment of the teachers who carried it out during the 2018-2019 school year. The program was applied over eight months of one academic year and during at least 60% of the weekly class hours. Initially, 586 students participated, 429 being experimental subjects with 30 teachers, of whom 16 participated in the (...) interviews carried out, all of them being Secondary Education teachers. We used qualitative methodology through content analysis carried out with ATLAS.ti 7.1.3. The instruments used to collect information were semi-structured recorded group interviews. The conclusion is that the Personal and Social Responsibility Model can be applied to all subjects in the curriculum and is adaptable to any content and type of student body. As a basis for future research, we suggest the application of the model by all teachers involved in the same school year and the participation of students’ families. (shrink)

Malware is a sophisticated, malicious, and sometimes unidentifiable application on the network. The classifying network traffic method using machine learning shows to perform well in detecting malware. In the literature, it is reported that this good performance can depend on a reduced set of network features. This study presents an empirical evaluation of two statistical methods of reduction and selection of features in an Android network traffic dataset using six supervised algorithms: Naïve Bayes, support vector machine, multilayer perceptron neural network, (...) decision tree, random forest, and K-nearest neighbors. The principal component analysis and logistic regression methods with p value were applied to select the most representative features related to the time properties of flows and features of bidirectional packets. The selected features were used to train the algorithms using binary and multiclass classification. For performance evaluation and comparison metrics, precision, recall, F-measure, accuracy, and area under the curve were used. The empirical results show that random forest obtains an average accuracy of 96% and an AUC-ROC of 0.98 in binary classification. For the case of multiclass classification, again random forest achieves an average accuracy of 87% and an AUC-ROC over 95%, exhibiting better performance than the other machine learning algorithms. In both experiments, the 13 most representative features of a mixed set of flow time properties and bidirectional network packets selected by LR were used. In the case of the other five classifiers, their results in terms of precision, recall, and accuracy, are competitive with those obtained in related works, which used a greater number of input features. Therefore, it is empirically evidenced that the proposed method for the selection of features, based on statistical techniques of reduction and extraction of attributes, allows improving the identification performance of malware traffic, discriminating it from the benign traffic of Android applications. (shrink)

In this paper we ask ourselves whether Szabolcsi’s numerical term logic is a fuzzy logic. Our answer is in the affirmative. In order to justify such a claim, we first expound some preliminaries that help us understand why the inclusion of fuzzy quantifiers is a sufficient condition for fuzziness. Then we present Szabolcsi’s logic, which includes said quantifiers.

In this contribution we suggest two simple contentions: i) that Saint Anselm’s ontological argument, as presented in the Proslogion, only makes sense if embedded in an ordered and bounded ontology; and ii) that an interpretation of the main premise of the argument, within such ontology, produces a dilemma that demands a new revision of the argument.

Aunque las ventajas representativas de los diagramas han sido ampliamente reconocidas, sus virtudes inferenciales no siempre han recibido la misma atención. Existe una tradición que sostiene que el razonamiento basado en pruebas lingüísticas es esencial en lógica y matemáticas, pero que el razonamiento basado en diagramas no lo es; sin embargo, gracias a ciertos proyectos de investigación sobre razonamiento diagramático, hoy tenemos modelos que nos ayudan a comprender de manera más precisa los conceptos de diagrama lógico e inferencia diagramática. Siguiendo (...) algunos de los planteamientos de estos modelos, en esta contribución llevamos a cabo un estudio comparativo de diez sistemas diagramáticos en términos lógicos y representativos con el propósito de ofrecer una respuesta a la pregunta de qué es lo que hace que un diagrama sea un diagrama lógico. Nuestra respuesta preliminar es que un diagrama lógico es un diagrama dentro de un sistema diagramático que es correcto y completo con respecto a una clase de inferencias válidas dada una base deductiva. Esta definición parece ser adecuada porque nos permite incluir a aquellos sistemas de diagramas que, por sus propiedades, típicamente consideramos como diagramas lógicos bona fide, pero excluye diagramas que no solo son incorrectos o incompletos, sino aquellos que ni siquiera son inferenciales. (shrink)

Una escala de valores se puede definir mediante dos componentes: un conjunto de valores y una relación de orden. Estos dos componentes dan cuenta de algunas opiniones populares sobre las escalas de valores que favorecen una suerte de relativismo axiológico. En esta contribución proponemos una estrategia de reducción que nos permite aceptar dichos componentes sin necesariamente implicar un relativismo axiológico.

En Gracián «ser persona» implica la modulación «ingeniosa» del «genio» natural del hombre en el mundo que le ha tocado vivir. Gracián entiende la subjetividad desde su necesaria y constitutiva remisión al mundo, pues es en éste donde el hombre se constituye como persona. Esto es lo que nos muestra Gracián a través de la correcta articulación que prescribe en su obra entre el genio del hombre y el ingenio. En este artículo pretendemos analizar las nociones de genio, ingenio y (...) persona mostrando cómo ésta última es el resultado de la correcta articulación entre genio e ingenio, al tiempo que mostraremos cómo el concepto graciano de «ser persona» supone una concepción de la subjetividad alejada de la pureza y la absolutez que le concede la modernidad tradicionalmente entendida. (shrink)

El término transmedia acuñado por Jenkins (2003) hace referencia a aquellos relatos que expanden sus historias a través de diferentes canales de distribución. Esta manera de construir relatos narrativos se vuelve sumamente interesante y natural para la generación Alfa y Zeta. Ante este escenario, la asignatura universitaria Creation of transmedia stories se presenta como una oportunidad para que los estudiantes exploren las posibilidades del transmedia y lo apliquen de manera específica a un producto cultural. En este artículo se analizará un (...) caso de estudio aplicado en el aula. (shrink)

La conocida obra Muʿǧam al-buldān (Diccionario de los países), terminada por el geógrafo y erudito Yāqūt al-Rūmī al-Ḥamawī (m. 626/1229) un año antes de su muerte, ofrece una valiosa información sobre los múltiples topónimos recogidos por este autor. Dicha información no se limita solo a los aspectos geográficos, sino también a los literarios y biográficos, y ha sido abordada en trabajos relacionados con al-Andalus. Mi propósito en el presente artículo es realizar una primera aproximación a la imagen que Yāqūt proyecta (...) del Mágreb a través de algunos ejemplos concretos, realizando un breve recorrido de las fuentes que empleó, entre las cuales destacó especialmente el geógrafo andalusí Abū ʿUbayd al-Bakrī (m. 487/1094), muy citado en toda la obra. (shrink)

Given some links between Lyndon’s Interpolation Theorem, term distribution, and Sommers and Englebretsen’s logic, in this contribution we attempt to capture a sense of interpolation for Sommers and Englebretsen’s Term Functor Logic. In order to reach this goal we first expound the basics of Term Functor Logic, together with a sense of term distribution, and then we offer a proof of our main contribution.

En la primera parte del artículo se propone un análisis de la insuficiencia constitucional del ser humano en el contexto de la filosofía griega. Se presenta una crítica al concepto de autarquía y se analiza el carácter contracultural de los movimientos filosóficos del cinismo, estoicismo y epicureísmo. La negación relativa y absoluta de la alteridad son igualmente analizadas. En la segunda parte, se analiza la insuficiencia constitucional desde el concepto de pobreza en el contexto de la orden franciscana y su (...) renuncia a la propiedad. También se hace referencia a los argumentos de los teólogos de la escuela de Salamanca y finalmente se plantea en qué medida el discurso franciscano está presente hoy como discurso político revolucionario. El objetivo general de las dos partes es presentar dos momentos anómalos de nuestra historia filosófica y su posible carácter contracultural válido para una crítica al capitalismo actual. (shrink)

El término transmedia acuñado por Jenkins (2003) hace referencia a aquellos relatos que expanden sus historias a través de diferentes canales de distribución. Esta manera de construir relatos narrativos se vuelve sumamente interesante y natural para la generación Alfa y Zeta. Ante este escenario, la asignatura universitaria Creation of transmedia stories se presenta como una oportunidad para que los estudiantes exploren las posibilidades del transmedia y lo apliquen de manera específica a un producto cultural. En este artículo se analizará un (...) caso de estudio aplicado en el aula. (shrink)

En este trabajo llevaré a cabo una labor hermenéutica sobre el pensamiento político de Friedrich Nietzsche, ampliamente denostado en la recepción temprana de su obra, pero actualmente revitalizado a la luz de nuevos estudios que muestran la unión existente entre la reflexión moral del alemán y su propuesta para un modelo de comunidad. Nietzsche nos servirá de pretexto para alcanzar una caracterización de la comunidad como «comunidad agónica», sostenida sobre el litigio permanente y el reconocimiento recíprocamente afirmante del otro. La (...) caracterización que propondremos de la comunidad busca alejar todo rasgo individualista de la misma mostrando toda obstinación individualista como signo de impotencia y resentimiento. (shrink)

Professor Bunge makes the distinction between the logical concept of existence and the ontological one. I agree with him and in this paper I am formalizing his existence predicate into the powerful language of type theory.I am also proving the logical equivalence of this for mulation with a briefer one, which says that to exist conceptually is the same as to be a conceptual object. Accordingly, from this point on I investigate what conceptual objects are. I reach the conclusion that (...) it is better to study a restricted area each time, where existence could even be assigned in different degrees. For instance, in set theory -like in Animal Farm of Orwell every set exists but so me “exist more” than others. Of course, in relating degrees of existence to degrees of definability I am not following Bunge. (shrink)

Un análisis de la situación actual del estado de salud mental de un alto número de la población global basta para dar cuenta de la gravedad del asunto y plantear diversas posibles soluciones. El transhumanismopropone mejorar al ser humano mediante innovación tecnológica. En este trabajo se explica cómo esa innovación pude mejorar el bienestar del ser humano, analizando las consecuencias éticas y sociales de la propuesta del superbienestar y discutiendo también las críticas al transhumanismo por parte de los bioconservadores.

En esta contribución proponemos una representación de un fragmento de la silogística estadística de Thompson usando la lógica de términos de Sommers. El resultado es una interpretación terminista de la silogística estadística.

In this paper we propose a tableaux method for the intermediate syllogistic of Peterson and Thompson by using the algebra of Sommers and Englebretsen. The result is an analytic tableaux method capable of modeling inference in basic, relational, and intermediate syllogistic.

En la España del siglo que agoniza se han dado tres generaciones de mujeres bien definidas: las madres de la posguerra, sacrificadas y abnegadas, que dejaron, en muchos casos, su profesión por el matrimonio, que entendían como un deber sagrado; mi generación, que es la puente e incomprendida por todos: padres, hermanos, compañeros y amigos, y hasta por la generación actual difícilmente puede entender cómo era la vida de las mujeres hace apenas cuarenta años, y la juventud de nuestros días, (...) resuelta y decidida a compatibilizar su profesión, como primera condición, con el matrimonio. Si, además se tiene en cuenta la pobre consideración social que la música ha tenido hasta hace bien poco tiempo, es fácil imaginar lo difícil que resultaba esta profesión para las mujer de la España reciente. (shrink)