This paper presents a hydrodynamical view of the Aharonov–Bohm effect, using Nelson’s formulation of quantum mechanics. Our aim is to gain a better understanding of the mysteries behind this effect, such as why in the prototype Aharonov–Bohm system with a cylinder the motion of a particle is affected in a region where there is no magnetic field. Our main purpose is to use Nelson’s formulation to describe the effect and demonstrate that it can be explained by the direct action of (...) the current surrounding the magnetic field region. Although conventional theories try to present vector potentials as more physically significant than magnetic fields, our purpose is to demonstrate that such debate regarding the comparison between vector potentials and magnetic fields should not exist at all; within our context, magnetic fields and vector potentials serve as tools for finding other fundamental hydrodynamical quantities that arise from the interaction between the quantum background fields described by Nelson’s quantum theory, and thus, play a secondary role at the explanation of this phenomenon. So, in this paper, we do not intend to participate in a debate regarding whether we should give a local (based on e/m forces and e/m fields) or non-local (based on vector potentials) description of the phenomenon. Finally, we investigate the relationship between hidden variables and quantum fluctuations, their role in this phenomenon and their connection with the gauge transformation of the vector potential, that plays a leading role in quantum AB systems. (shrink)

Teachers need to acquire technology and digital skills in order to be able to follow the rapid changes in society. Since 2003, a national project has been carried out in Greece concerning the certification of teachers in basic computer skills. During this project many teachers participated and certified through a Computer Based Assessment system that has been developed by the Computer Technology Institute & Press - Diophantus. In this paper a brief view of syllabus, item bank, and tools that are (...) used for preparing and delivering examinations for teachers’ certification on basic computer skills is given. Moreover, the participants profile based on teachers’ responses is explored. (shrink)

We study the strength of weak forms of the Regularity Principle in the presence of (induction on bounded existential formulas) relative to other subsystems of. In particular, the Bounded Weak Regularity Principle is formulated, and it is shown that when applied to E1 formulas, this principle is equivalent over to.

Name der Zeitschrift: Klio Jahrgang: 96 Heft: 1 Seiten: 313-316.

The distinguished historian of Greek philosophy A.C. Lloyd, in the course of his long love-hate relationship with Neoplatonism, raised many important problems arising within that system of thought, and not least in that book which formed the culmination of the love-hate relationship, The Anatomy of The Anatomy of Neοplatοnism. There he devotes an important chapter (Ch. 5) to one of the central concepts of the system, the spiritual circuit of procession and return (πρόοδος and έπιστροψη).

Izhajajoč iz dveh slavnih Kantovih tekstov skuša pričujoči spis pokazati na notranjo zvezo med avtonomijo uma in subjektivno svobodo na eni strani ter nujnim pokoravanjem arbitrarni avtoriteti na drugi. V Kantovem načrtu za organizacijo Univerze se ta povezanost kaže kot delitev na zgornje in spodnje fakultete, pri čemer se morajo prve podrejati samovoljnim ukazom zunanje oblasti, druga pa naj se ravna le po načelih uma. Obe plati spadata skupaj v skladu s Kantovim paradoksnim stališčem, da samo omejitev osvobaja, medtem ko (...) bi neposredno sovpadanje obojega privedlo do nevarnosti totalitarizma. Toda ta bistvena zveza med umom in ne-umno arbitrarnostjo naposled meri drugam: subjekt, ki si v svoji radikalni avtonomiji in samoopredelitvi postavlja svoj lastni notranji Zakon, je prav v svojem jedru soočen z radikalno heteronomijo. Moralni Zakon, kategorični imperativ, subjekta šele zares oropa njegove iluzorne avtonomije, konec koncev je še manj umno utemeljen kot njegov objektivni protipol. Od subjekta zahteva nemogoče, ne da se ga zadovoljiti, a prav skozi to nemožnost, skozi to bistveno nezadovoljnost vznikne subjekt razsvetljenstva. Zadnji del skuša pokazati, kako Fou-caultova reaktualizacija kantovske pozicije zatre njene radikalne konsekvence. Foucault zvaja Kantovega subjekta na pred-kantovsko etično držo in tako zgreši tisto zastavitev subjektivnosti, ki je položena v temelje psihoanalize. (shrink)

For every natural number n we introduce a new weak choice principle n upper R upper C Subscript f i n $\mathrm {nRC_{fin}}$ nRCfin:Given any infinite set x, there is an infinite subsety subset of or equal to x $y\subseteq x$ y⊆xand a selection function f that chooses an n-element subset from every finitez subset of or equal to y $z\subseteq y$ z⊆ycontaining at least n elements.By constructing new permutation models built on a set of atoms obtained as Fraïssé limits, (...) we will study the relation of n upper R upper C Subscript f i n $\mathrm {nRC_{fin}}$ nRCfin to the weak choice principles upper R upper C Subscript m $\mathrm {RC_m}$ RCm (that has already been studied in [3] and [6]):Given any infinite set x, there is an infinite subsety subset of or equal to x $y\subseteq x$ y⊆xwith a choice function f on the family of all m-element subsets of y.Moreover, we prove a stronger analogue of the results in [6] when we study the relation between n upper R upper C Subscript f i n $\mathrm {nRC_{fin}}$ nRCfin and k upper C Subscript f i n Superscript minus $\mathrm {kC_{fin}^-}$ kCfin− which is defined byGiven any infinite familyscript upper F $\mathcal {F}$ Fof finite sets of cardinality greater than k, there is an infinite subfamilyscript upper A subset of or equal to script upper F $\mathcal {A}\subseteq \mathcal {F}$ A⊆Fwith a selection function f that chooses a k-element subset from eachupper A element of script upper A $A\in \mathcal {A}$ A∈A. (shrink)

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Greek authorities enforced a vaccination mandate for healthcare workers (HCWs). At the same time, multiple concerns were raised about the epidemiological profile of Greece in addition to the ethical status of the harsh measures and their impact on employees, organizations, society, and public health. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), considerations regarding the evidence of vaccine safety and effectiveness, necessity, and proportionality should be clearly evaluated by before imposing mandatory vaccination policies. We discuss the (...) issues regarding the mechanics of the transmission and contraction of SARS-CoV-2, the toxicity of COVID-19 vaccines, and the impact of the suspension of HCWs who did not vaccinate versus the potential expected benefits in addition to whether the vaccine mandates were justified considering the overall epidemiological context. (shrink)

Der vorliegende Artikel untersucht die Veränderungen und Konstanten deutscher Außenpolitik im Zuge des Krieges in der Ukraine. Es wird zwischen Rhetorik und Aktion unterschieden. Der Artikel fokussiert die Felder NATO-Engagement, EU-Politik und Ressourcenfragen. Ein Spannungsbogen zwischen wertebasierter unter interessensgeleitete Politik wird sichtbar.

The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex is a key node in the human salience network. It has been ascribed motor, pain-processing and affective functions. However, the dynamics of information flow in this complex region and how it responds to inputs remain unclear and are difficult to study using non-invasive electrophysiology. The area is targeted by neurosurgery to treat neuropathic pain. During deep brain stimulation surgery, we recorded local field potentials from this region in humans during a decision-making task requiring motor output. (...) We investigated the spatial and temporal distribution of information flow within the dACC. We demonstrate the existence of a distributed network within the anterior cingulate cortex where discrete nodes demonstrate directed communication following inputs. We show that this network anticipates and responds to the valence of feedback to actions. We further show that these network dynamics adapt following learning. Our results provide evidence for the integration of learning and the response to feedback in a key cognitive region. (shrink)

In our everyday lives, we come into contact with a series of technological objects and we employ technology in a number of ways. Usually, the “relation” we develop with these objects works, on a first level, for our benefit. On the other hand, we actually know little about the technologies we use in order to accomplish various activities. Technologies have neither been developed, nor do they exist independently, even though we tend to perceive them as natural objects in themselves. Perhaps (...) they are as much defined by causal laws, which are relevant to their “behavior” as specific artifacts, as they obtain ad hoc characteristics through our significations, which already belong to a specific social system. This ignorance of common sense often leads to the exclusion of a number of topics that are intertwined with the technological phenomenon from the everyday agenda of political debate. Moreover, the errors that stem from our unsophisticated or even unconscious attitude towards these artifacts have important consequences on various areas, including “development” and “work”, education, the environment, and human communication itself. This paper will try to present elements of a critical theory of technology in order to illustrate the need to link the technological phenomenon with everyday political practice. (shrink)

One of the main characteristics of the post-modern society is the democratized diffusion of knowledge even on issues of which the average citizen could hardly be aware: social, cultural, ecological and economical risks. However, many philosophers and thinkers (Chomsky, Barber, Zizek, Sartori) argue that we live rather in information societies than in knowledge ones, because the content of information on political actions of major importance are ideologically-oriented and therefore misleading. In the present paper we study two examples of political and (...) scientific rhetoric, trying to interpret not only their political and moral determinants but also their possible impact on international welfare. Aristotle and modern semiotic theories will provide the methodological tools of thisanalysis. (shrink)

Both healthcare professionals and the healthcare system must defend each patient's health individually while simultaneously seeking to protect the population's health in general. Nowadays, there is an important increase in the cost of healthcare supply, mainly due to the developments of medical science, the public's expectations and the demographic ageing. Since healthcare resources are not unlimited, it is obvious that immoderate consumption of them by certain patients limits the use of the same funds by others. Therefore, we have to seek (...) an optimal distribution of the existing resources in order to manage a constriction of expenses, especially under the circumstances of the modern economic crisis. The criteria of effectiveness and efficiency should be used. Health policies focus on both the public's behaviour and the rules of medical practice. Under the modern challenges the physician's role is particularly important for the protection of the patient's health and the promotion of public health. (shrink)

Historically, the transgender population has faced prejudice and discrimination within society. The purpose of diagnostic terms is to direct clinical care and facilitate insurance coverage. However, the existence of a medical diagnosis for gender nonconformity can exacerbate the stigmatization of transgender people with adverse consequences on their emotional health and social life. Whether transgenderism and gender dysphoria are indeed a psychopathological condition or even any kind of nosological entity is a contested issue. Many advocates of human rights, trans activists, social (...) scientists, and clinicians support either the removal of gender incongruence from the list of mental disorders or at least its transfer to a separate category. Reforming the classification is an intermediate step toward depathologization and permits access to transgender-related care. Nonetheless, it partly preserves the stigma associated with abnormality and puts the availability of psychiatric care at risk. A more radical approach dictates that the classification of diseases serves exclusively medical purposes and must be dissociated from the respect for the legitimacy of one’s autonomy and dignity. In the long term, only a swing in societal values can detach stigma from mental and physical illnesses. Enhancing collective respect for life, human rights, and diversity is the best way to achieve cohesion and well-being among members of society. Health professionals can be pioneers of social change in this field. (shrink)

Studies focusing exclusively on the impact of the Greek language on Old Slavonic and, specifically, Bulgarian, come few and far between, and the subject still offers much uncharted territory for contemporary philological and linguistic research. Given this state of affairs, this study by Charalampos Symeonides is a welcome and important contribution to the field. In essence, it continues the author's longstanding research interest in the mutual interaction of Greek and Bulgarian, and seeks to present the results of his investigations (...) into the consequences of this interaction on the noun systems of Old Church Slavonic and Bulgarian – investigations that to date have appeared only in scattered articles. (shrink)

This article presents the history of research on the Antikythera Mechanism from its discovery in 1902 in the eponymous shipwreck kept at the Archaeological Museum of Athens to the current day in 2025. The first theories and dates were formulated in 1902 by the archaeologists Ioannis Svoronos and Adolph Wilhelm on the basis of some of the inscriptions. At the same time, the naval officer Periklis Rediadis tried to interpret the gearing. In 1905, the philologist Albert Rehm was the first (...) to suggest that the Mechanism was a planetarium. The admiral Ioannis Theophanides constructed the first model in 1934. Working on the Mechanism from 1958 onwards, the historian of science Derek de Solla Price obtained permission to take X-rays of it in 1971, performed by the physicist Charalampos Karakalos, from which Price constructed a new model displaying the motions of the sun and the moon. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Michael Wright and Alan Bromley conducted the first 3D X-ray imaging, and Wright made a new model comprising hypothetical planetary gearing and spiral dials on the back, identifying the upper back dial as a calendar. In 2005, an interdisciplinary team created the Antikythera Mechanism Research Project and obtained new imagery using the latest IT and photo technology. Based on this imagery, much more of the inscriptions were revealed, the lower back dial was identified as an eclipse dial, and the planetary hypothesis was confirmed by the reading of the inscriptions. Since then, the planetary gearing has been challenged by other scholars, and a diving campaign has been initiated in order to find the lost gears. (shrink)

In this paper I try to underline both the positive and negative circumstances in which I began translating Heidegger's "Sein und Zeit" in Greek. In 1971 I started, as a young student of philosophy, to study and translate this book, although I misunderstood it and considered it as a paradigm of "existentiell", not existential philosophy. I benefited essentially from both the English and the French translations and I've also received great help from my Greek mentor, E. N. Platis. I (...) published my translation in two volumes, one in 1978 and the other in 1985 and the critics have been very positive. At the beginning, I gave extended explanations about the translation problems and my solutions in a paper published in 1974. In the following years, I wrote articles about the Heideggerian concepts, in order to facilitate a better understanding of his philosophy.. (shrink)

The Ramsey Choice principle for families of n$n$‐element sets, denoted RCn$\operatorname{RC}_{n}$, states that every infinite set X$X$ has an infinite subset Y⊆X$Y\subseteq X$ with a choice function on [Y]n:={z⊆Y:|z|=n}$[Y]^n:= \lbrace z\subseteq Y: |z| = n\rbrace$. We investigate for which positive integers m$m$ and n$n$ the implication RCm⇒RCn$\operatorname{RC}_{m} \implies \operatorname{RC}_{n}$ is provable in ZF$\mathsf {ZF}$. It will turn out that beside the trivial implications RCm⇒RCm$\operatorname{RC}_{m} \implies \operatorname{RC}_{m}$, under the assumption that every odd integer n>5$n>5$ is the sum of three primes (known (...) as ternary Goldbach conjecture), the only non‐trivial implication which is provable in ZF$\mathsf {ZF}$ is RC2⇒RC4$\operatorname{RC}_{2} \implies \operatorname{RC}_{4}$. (shrink)

Individual actions designed to address issues of public concern is a common theme in the discourse on how to mobilize resources and target efforts toward sustainable practices. We contribute to this area by developing and empirically validating a multidimensional scale for civic engagement; synthesizing and testing the adequacy of the theory of planned behavior and the value–belief–norm theory in explaining civic engagement; and considering how an individual’s orientation, identity, and beliefs motivate moral thinking and action. The focus is on the (...) important social issues of global warming and climate change, income inequality, and world poverty, and hunger. We follow both correlational and configurational approaches to examine symmetric and asymmetric causal relationships, respectively. The findings from a sample of 819 US citizens reveal that the TPB and VBN theory can adequately explain civic engagement, after we control for the influence of past experience. In addition, while belief in a just world inhibits the occurrence of adverse consequences and the formation of positive attitudes, social value orientation, and moral identity facilitate them. Notably, at least two causal conditions need to be present for adverse confsequences to emerge, while moral identity is almost a necessary condition for the development of positive attitudes. We conclude with a discussion of important implications for researchers and practitioners. (shrink)

This paper describes an attempt to develop a program for teaching history and philosophy of mathematics to inservice mathematics teachers. I argue briefly for the view that philosophical positions and epistemological accounts related to mathematics have a significant influence and a powerful impact on the way mathematics is taught. But since philosophy of mathematics without history of mathematics does not exist, both philosophy and history of mathematics are necessary components of programs for the training of preservice as well as inservice (...) mathematics teachers. (shrink)

It is argued that the philosophical and epistemological beliefs about the nature of mathematics have a significant influence on the way mathematics is taught at school. In this paper, the philosophy of mathematics of the NCTM's Standards is investigated by examining is explicit assumptions regarding the teaching and learning of school mathematics. The main conceptual tool used for this purpose is the model of two dichotomous philosophies of mathematics-absolutist versus- fallibilist and their relation to mathematics pedagogy. The main conclusion is (...) that a fallibilist view of mathematics is assumed in the Standards and that most of its pedagogical assumptions and approaches are based on this philosophy. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Klio Jahrgang: 99 Heft: 1 Seiten: 380-385.

In this paper I try to underline both the positive and negative circumstances in which I began translating Heidegger’s Sein und Zeit in Greek. In 1971 I started, as a young student of philosophy, to study and translate this book, although I misunderstood it and considered it a paradigm of “existentiale”, not existential philosophy. I benefited essentially from both the English and the French translations and I’ve also received great help from my Greek mentor, E. N. Platis. I published (...) my translation in two volumes, one in 1978 and the other in 1985 and the critics have been very positive. At the beginning, I gave extended explanations about the translation problems and my solutions in a paper published in 1974. In the following years, I wrote articles about the Heideggerian concepts, in order to facilitate a better understanding of his philosophy. (shrink)

In this paper, we address the issue of privacy protection in context aware services, through the use of entropy as a means of measuring the capability of locating a user’s whereabouts and identifying personal selections. We present a framework for calculating levels of abstraction in location and personal preferences reporting in queries to a context aware services server. Finally, we propose a methodology for determining the levels of abstraction in location and preferences that should be applied in user data reporting (...) during service provision, according to her personal privacy settings. (shrink)