Industry 5.0 and Healthcare 5.0 converge towards a human centered society, having technological advancement as a lever. In Society 5.0, decentralized autonomous cities and a convergence of physical and cyberspace are the foundations of the new chapter of society’s development. The idea of creating digital replicas and legitimate representatives of human beings in cyberspace has become a pillar of digitalization. Society 5.0 introduces Human Digital Twins as a central element of Cyber Physical Systems that include human factors or are designed (...) to interact with humans in a personalized fashion. Overall, the HDT and neighboring concepts are applied to depict how humans can be represented in a cyberspace. However, there are clear challenges in determining which human characteristics should take precedence, how much autonomy should be granted to HDTs to optimize their functionality and how to conceptualize the digital environment in which HDTs interact with various entities, including other digital agents and stakeholders with agency and decisional power. To harness similarities and differences of current approaches, we propose a classification of HDTs based on meta-characteristics and ethical implications. We discuss ethical implication by focusing on emerging risks and paradigm shifts and anchor the previous discussion in the vision for Society 5.0, questioning whether societal development relying on disruptive technologies, instead of leading to more human-centered societies might be driving humanized societies away from humanity. (shrink)

Este relato apresenta recorte da experiência de estágio supervisionado de História no Colégio de Aplicação da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), em 2018, na turma 2B do ensino médio. De modo específico, trata da metodologia utilizada nas aulas para debater sobre o período da Primeira República no Brasil (1889-1930). Tal metodologia foi centrada no trabalho com diferentes fontes: o samba enredo da escola Imperatriz Leopoldinense, Liberdade! Liberdade! Abra as asas sobre nós (1989); o Hino da Proclamação da (...) República e a pintura (1890), A Redenção de Cam (1895). Essas obras foram utilizadas para compreender determinado contexto histórico, do auge do pensamento racialista na esfera pública e representativo de um projeto de nação que se pretendia branca. A experiência de interpretar as referidas fontes permitiu compreender o contexto de transição entre o império e a república e questionar ideias internalizadas que se apresentam como naturais em relação a cultura afro-brasileira na história do Brasil. (shrink)

Public engagement is one of the fundamental pillars of the European programme for research and innovation _Horizon 2020_. The programme encourages engagement that not only fosters science education and dissemination, but also promotes two-way dialogues between scientists and the public at various stages of research. Establishing such dialogues between different groups of societal actors is seen as crucial in order to attain epistemic as well as social desiderata at the intersection between science and society. However, whether these dialogues can actually (...) help attaining these desiderata is far from obvious. This paper discusses some of the costs, risks, and benefits of dialogical public engagement practices, and proposes a strategy to analyse these argumentative practices based on a three-tiered model of epistemic exchange. As a case study, we discuss the phenomenon of vaccine hesitancy, arguably a result of suboptimal public engagement, and show how the proposed model can shed new light on the problem. (shrink)

Can arguments change minds? Philosophers like to think that they can. However, a wealth of empirical evidence suggests that arguments are not very efficient tools to change minds. What to make of the different assessments of the mind-changing potential of arguments? To address this issue, we must take into account the broader contexts in which arguments occur, in particular the propagation of messages across networks of attention, and the choices that epistemic agents must make between alternative potential sources of content (...) and information, which are very much influenced by perceptions of reliability and trustworthiness. Arguments can change minds, but only under conducive, favourable socio-epistemic conditions. (shrink)

Background Moral distress is a problem and negative experience among health-care professionals. Various instruments have been developed to measure the level and underlying reasons for experienced moral distress. The moral distress thermometer (MDT) is a single-tool instrument to capture the level of moral distress experienced in real-time. Aim The aim of this study was to translate the MDT and adapt it to the Swedish cultural context. Research design The first part of this study concerns the translation of MDT to the (...) Swedish context, and the second part the psychometric testing of the Swedish version. Participants and research context 89 healthcare professionals working at a hospital in northern Sweden participated. Convergent validity was tested between MDT and Measure of Moral Distress-Healthcare Professionals (MMD-HP), and construct validity was tested by comparing MDT scores among healthcare professionals. MDT was compared with responses to the final questions in MMD-HP. One-way ANOVA, Welch’s ANOVA, Games–Howell post-hoc test and Pearson’s correlation analysis were done. Ethical considerations The study was approved by the Swedish Ethics Review Authority (dnr 2020-04120) in accordance with Helsinki Declaration. Results The translated Swedish version of MDT was described as relevant to capture the experience of moral distress. The mean value for MDT was 2.26, with a median of 2 and a mode value of 0. The result showed moderate correlations between the MDT and MMD-HP total scores. There was a significant difference when comparing MDT and healthcare professionals who had never considered leaving their present position with those who had left and those who had considered leaving but had not done so, with the latter assessing significantly higher moral distress. Conclusion The MDT is an easily available instrument useful as an extension to MMD-HP to measure the real-time experience of moral distress among healthcare professionals in a Swedish context. (shrink)

Background Moral distress has been described as moral constraints and uncertainty connected with guilty feelings of being unable to give care in accordance with one’s values for good care. Various instruments to measure moral distress have been developed. The instrument measure of moral distress for healthcare professionals (MMD-HP) was developed to capture the experience and frequency of moral distress among various healthcare professionals. The MMD-HP has been translated and culturally adapted into the Swedish language and context; however, the translation has (...) not been validated. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Swedish version of the measure of moral distress for healthcare professionals (MMD-HP). Methods Eighty-nine staff from various professions at a hospital in northern Sweden participated in the study. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed to check for consistency with the original version of the MMD-HP. To evaluate internal consistency, Cronbach’s alpha was calculated for each domain and for the scale as a whole. Results The scale as a whole showed a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.96, with a range between 0.84 and 0.90 between the different subscales. A confirmatory factor analysis based on the original four-factor structure showed good fit indices with a χ2/df of 0.67, CFI at 1.00, TLI at 1.02 and NFI at 0.97. RMSEA was at 0.00, and SRMR was at 0.08. A comparison of the total score between three equally large groups of years of experience at the present workplace showed no significant differences (F = 0.09, df = 2, p = 0.912). Conclusions We found that the Swedish version of the MMD-HP has shown validity and reliability for use in a Swedish context for measuring moral distress among health personnel. (shrink)

Genealogical anxiety is the worry that the origins of beliefs, once revealed to be influenced by “irrelevant” factors such as personal histories and circumstances of upbringing, will undermine or cast doubt on those beliefs. Discussions on these irrelevant influences in the epistemological literature have so far primarily focused on their contingency. But there is another issue that merits further examination: the fact that epistemic environments condition beliefs suggests that epistemic agency is significantly curtailed. I present a model of belief-forming processes (...) that highlights how networks of attention and trust/distrust influence these processes. The model suggests that, while there is a lot happening beyond our control that shapes what we come to believe, we still retain some degree of agency to the extent that we can rewire our networks of attention and trust/distrust. I conclude that, surprisingly, genealogical anxiety may in fact increase agency insofar as it may encourage critical resistance. (shrink)

In her account of science known as critical contextual empiricism (CCE), Helen Longino has famously argued that critical discursive interaction provides the very basis for the objectivity of science. While highly influential, CCE has also been criticized for being overly idealized, failing not only as a descriptive but also as a normative account of scientific institutions and practices. In this paper, we examine Longino’s social account of science from the vantage point of a conception of argumentation as epistemic exchange. We (...) show that CCE does not explicitly problematize some important aspects of scientific practices, in particular: the costs and risks involved in extensive critical discursive interaction; the imperative of responsible collective workload management in a scientific community; and the need for mechanisms of curation and filtering in any sufficiently large epistemic community. The argumentation as epistemic exchange model retains the core idea of CCE, namely the centrality of critical discursive interaction in science, but incorporates aspects of scientific practice neglected by CCE (costs and risks, workload management, curation). Our analysis thus adapts CCE to situations where scientists are ‘busy people’ who must contend with limited resources (of time, energy, funding etc.). To illustrate our proposal, we discuss practices of peer review as instances of epistemic exchange. While highlighting the intrinsic vulnerabilities of the peer review system, we also offer some recommendations on how to improve it. (shrink)

In this chapter, I argue that the issue of explanatoriness in mathematical proofs can be fruitfully addressed within the dialogical conceptualization of proofs that I have been developing in recent years. The key idea is to emphasize the observation that a proof is a piece of discourse aimed at an intended audience, with the intent to produce explanatory persuasion. This approach explains both why explanatory proofs are to be preferred over non- or less explanatory ones, and why explanatoriness is an (...) audience-relative property of a proof. This account is also able to clarify a number of features of mathematical practice. (shrink)

Brandom’s inferentialism relies on a highly idealized account of discursive practices of giving and asking for reasons, which deviates considerably from concrete, real-life practices. In particular, it abstracts away features pertaining to politics and to the power relations among those involved in these practices. In this paper, I contrast Brandom’s account of the “game of giving and asking for reasons” with the conceptualization of argumentation as epistemic exchange (of reasons) that I have been developing in recent years. My account openly (...) aims to be more realistic, taking into consideration in particular the cognitive limitations of human beings and the power relations underpinning discursive interactions. To illustrate the differences between the two approaches, I discuss a specific case study, namely the societal debates on the folk figure of “Black Pete” in the Netherlands. The case study illustrates in particular the limitations of Brandom’s account when it comes to problematizing the potentially exclusionary, status quo-affirming aspects of discursive practices of giving and asking for reasons. (shrink)

This paper discusses the enduring significance of Lakatos’ account of mathematical knowledge in in Proofs and Refutations for the philosophy of mathematical practice. While the account has been criticized for being historically inaccurate and for relying on contentious (idealist) assumptions, I argue that it remains an insightful source for philosophers of mathematical practice. In particular, I spell out how Lakatosian proofs and refutations have inspired the formulation of a dialogical account of deduction and mathematical proof, as presented in my book (...) The Dialogical Roots of Deduction. In particular, Lakatos’ account provides the conceptual tools for an analysis of the intricate interplay between adversariality and cooperation in practices of mathematical proof. I conclude by highlighting some of the differences between Lakatos’ Hegelian idealism and the pragmatism that underpins my dialogical account of deduction. (shrink)

The paradoxes of (in)tolerance in epistemic networks Does the Capitol invasion of January 2021 teach us that intolerant viewpoints have no place in public debates? This view is defensible on the basis of Karl Popper’s paradox of tolerance, which states that too much tolerance will ultimately entail the demise of that very tolerance. But how are the limits of (in)tolerance to be determined? We argue that Popper’s purely epistemological interpretation of the concept of tolerance is untenable; determining such limits ultimately (...) requires a political-normative interpretation. As an alternative epistemological perspective, we show how network epistemology can give us insight into how information, especially intolerant content, spreads through communities. This analysis can help us assess the consequences of potential interventions in public debates, and thus make informed choices. (shrink)

Background Ethics communication has been described as a pedagogical form, promoting development of ethical competence among nursing students. The ‘one to five method’ was developed by this research group as a tool for facilitating ethical communication in groups among healthcare professionals but has not yet been evaluated. Aim To explore post-graduate nursing students’ experiences of practicing ethical communication in groups Research design The study design is qualitative. Participants and research context The study comprised 12 nursing students on a post-graduate course (...) for Registered Nurses focusing on palliative care. After education the students engaged as participants and facilitators in ethics communication in groups, with support from the ‘one to five method’. Data were derived from the students written reflections and subjected to thematic analysis. Ethical considerations The study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards in the 2013 Helsinki Declaration and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Medical Faculty at Umeå University Results An overall theme was identified, ‘being supported to achieve a democratic dialogue concerning ethical problems’ and five themes, related to each step of the ‘one to five method’. The themes concerned: putting the experience of an ethical dilemma into words; being confirmed by shared emotions; defining the value conflict using ethical principles; expressing virtues of empathy and raised awareness; jointly finding various action approaches. Discussion Regular ethics communication in groups encourages nursing students to actively seek understanding and clarification of ethically difficult situations. Conclusions The results indicate that ethics communication in groups could be a way of developing virtues during education. Interventions using the ‘one to five method’ need to be further studied among student groups from other healthcare contexts. (shrink)

Overdoing Democracy is an important contribution to the literature on (deliberative) democracy, as it offers a sobering diagnosis of the risks and pitfalls of (overdoing) democracy in the form of internal critique. But the book does not go far enough in its diagnosis because it is not sufficiently critical towards some of the basic assumptions of deliberative conceptions of democracy. In particular, Talisse does not sufficiently attend to the inevitable power struggles in a society, where different groups and individuals must (...) protect their own (often conflicting) interests instead of working towards a ‘common good.’ In this essay, I contrast two different visions of democracy and politics, one based on ideals of consensus and cooperation, and another on the inevitability of perennial conflict. I then briefly present an alternative to deliberative conceptions of democracy that has gained traction in recent decades, known as agonism. Next, I offer a short reconstruction of Talisse’s proposal, and finally I sketch a critical assessment of some of his main claims and assumptions from an agonistic perspective. (shrink)

This paper examines mural painting in the digital and AI age and asks what follows for reproducibility, authenticity, and cultural meaning. The point of departure is Benjamin’s aura, recast through three linked ideas: situated aura, as the co-presence of body, work, and site; file aura, as the value an image acquires through capture, addressability, and circulation; and situational non-commutability, as the limit that blocks substitution of one order by the other. Methodologically, the study relies on a qualitative, theoretical–analytical approach across (...) esthetics, media studies, and the philosophy of technology, and then tests the claims against emblematic cases in mural practice and adjacent domains. The analysis shows that place and scale do more than frame murals; they co-produce experience. Material relief and process traces—time pressure, contact with passersby, heat or dust and the fatigue they induce—enter the surface as indices of a lived interval. Community work binds content to local memory. High-fidelity capture may raise file aura; it does not rebuild those conditions as the same world. Translation changes order, not medium. The study outlines how authenticity persists and adapts under pervasive mediation: mural painting endures as a strategy of irreproducibility because it anchors experience in site, scale, material, community, and performance—vectors that resist translation into code without essential loss. The paper closes with practical implications: design choices that strengthen non-commutability, documentation protocols that treat context as part of the work, and curatorial, technological, and policy frameworks that reinforce situated aura rather than attempt to replace it. (shrink)

The organization of our knowledge about the world into an interconnected network of concepts linked by relations profoundly impacts many facets of cognition, including attention, memory retrieval, reasoning, and learning. It is therefore crucial to understand how organized semantic representations are acquired. The present experiment investigated the contributions of readily observable environmental statistical regularities to semantic organization in childhood. Specifically, we investigated whether co‐occurrence regularities with which entities or their labels more reliably occur together than with others (a) contribute to (...) relations between concepts independently and (b) contribute to relations between concepts belonging to the same taxonomic category. Using child‐directed speech corpora to estimate reliable co‐occurrences between labels for familiar items, we constructed triads consisting of a target, a related distractor, and an unrelated distractor in which targets and related distractors consistently co‐occurred (e.g., sock‐foot), belonged to the same taxonomic category (e.g., sock‐coat), or both (e.g., sock‐shoe). We used an implicit, eye‐gaze measure of relations between concepts based on the degree to which children (N = 72, age 4–7 years) looked at related versus unrelated distractors when asked to look for a target. The results indicated that co‐occurrence both independently contributes to relations between concepts and contributes to relations between concepts belonging to the same taxonomic category. These findings suggest that sensitivity to the regularity with which different entities co‐occur in children's environments shapes the organization of semantic knowledge during development. Implications for theoretical accounts and empirical investigations of semantic organization are discussed. (shrink)

In this paper, I highlight the significance of practices of _refutation_ in philosophical inquiry, that is, practices of showing that a claim, person or theory is wrong. I present and contrast two prominent approaches to philosophical refutation: refutation in ancient Greek dialectic (_elenchus_), in its Socratic variant as described in Plato’s dialogues, and as described in Aristotle’s logical texts; and the practice of providing counterexamples to putative definitions familiar from twentieth century analytic philosophy, focusing on the so-called Gettier problem. Moreover, (...) I discuss Lakatos’ method of proofs and refutations, as it offers insightful observations on the dynamics between arguments, refutations, and counterexamples. Overall, I argue that dialectic, in particular in its Socratic variant, is especially suitable for the philosophical purpose of questioning the obvious, as it invites reflection on one’s own doxastic commitments and on the tensions and inconsistencies within one’s set of beliefs. By contrast, the counterexample-based approach to philosophical refutation can give rise to philosophical theorizing that is overly focused on hairsplitting disputes, thus becoming alienated from the relevant human experiences. Insofar as philosophical inquiry treads the fine line between questioning the obvious while still seeking to say something significant about human experiences, perhaps a certain amount of what Lakatos describes as ‘monster-barring’—a rejection of overly fanciful, artificial putative counterexamples—has its place in philosophical argumentation. (shrink)

This work intended to analyse how Chinese people who have different degrees of exposure to Portuguese language make affective assessments of the emotional dimensions of audio stimuli in both Mandarin Chinese and European Portuguese. A sample of 23 native Chinese speakers with different levels of proficiency in Portuguese evaluated the affective valence and physiological arousal of a set of 10 negative, 10 positive, and 10 neutral words, presented in three different versions: a) in Portuguese spoken by a native speaker; b) (...) in Portuguese spoken by a Chinese individual; c) and in Mandarin Chinese spoken by a native speaker. Our results reveal an interesting effect of increasing time of learning of Portuguese. The effects of prosody versus content in perception of emotional speech are verified. A brief analysis on emotional production in a foreign language is also included. (shrink)

There are particular sorts of words that do not seem to have their own linguistic content. Spruyt and Novaes take up this issue in their chapter on the medieval study of syncategorematic terms, such as ‘if’, ‘because’, ‘or’, ‘only’, ‘necessarily’, every, some, and so on. Medieval authors were keenly interested in these sorts of terms, not just because of their role in argumentation and the study of fallacies, but also because of deeper metaphysical concerns (such as how modal terms such (...) as ‘necessarily’ and ‘contingently’ function, or what ‘one’ means in the sentence ‘Only one is’). _Syncategoremata_ are difficult to characterize, and this chapter outlines the varying medieval views. In the end, the chapter considers, but then rejects, the suggestion from others that _syncategoremata_ can be thought of as logical constants. (shrink)

We can’t simply teach our way out of anti-science sentiment. Building public trust is as much about power as about knowledge.

Este artigo se pauta nas noções de poder disciplinar e de biopoder em Michel Foucault para tratar sobre a vigilância algorítmica como um novo mecanismo de controle social neoliberal. Com base nesse referencial analítico, trabalho e consumo, elementos centrais na vida humana contemporânea, são aqui tratados a fim de apresentar como opera a vigilância algorítmica neoliberal que permeia toda a tessitura da vida individual e populacional, alcançando, assim, a existência humana.

Technologies continue toUnlocking potentialadvanceShaping at a rapid pace, andTomorrow so keeping up with digitalDigital developments is a necessity. All these advancements have influenced the labor market, causing many processes to changeChanges, and be automated. With this new reality of the digital ageDigital age, many human resource managementHuman resource management (HRM) practices have changed, ranging from how we recruit and select, to training and developmentTraining and development and even working methodsWorking methods. As such, one of the biggest challengesChallenges for humanHumans resources (...) professionals will be to develop modern practices that keep pace with these new advancements. This research seeks to understand the challengesChallenges of Human Resource ManagementHuman resource management (HRM) and the extent to which technologies have or have not impacted on management. Therefore, this chapter aims to analyze some human resource managementHuman resource management practices in their relationshipRelationship with technology, as well as how best to implement them. The interpretivist paradigm characterizes the qualitative methodology used to carry out the study. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews, with subsequent use of content analysis. A total of 25 individuals were interviewed from the humanHumans resources departments of 22 organizationsOrganization in the north of Portugal. After analyzing the interviewees’ testimonies, the results suggest that technologies have brought several changesChanges and challengesChallengesto Human Resources ManagementHuman resources management (e-HRM) (HRM), confirming that these have been felt in recruitment and selectionRecruitment and selection, training and developmentTraining and development, and working methodsWorking methods. It can, therefore, be concluded that there is indeed a future trend for the training and developmentTraining and development processes to be based on the use of technology. As for recruitment and selectionRecruitment and selection processes, there is still a need to combine traditional and online methods. (shrink)

In describing numerosity as “a kind of ersatz number,” Clarke and Beck fail to consider a familiar and compelling definition of numerosity, which conceptualizes numerosity as the cognitive counterpart of the mathematical concept of cardinality; numerosity is the magnitude, whereas number is a scale through which numerosity/cardinality is measured. We argue that these distinctions should be considered.

Este ensaio apresenta, inicialmente, a racionalidade neoliberal e suas imposições de produtividade, desempenho, alta performance e de excessivos níveis de consumismo que ultrapassam os limites do Planeta Terra. O frenesi na busca constante pelo sucesso individual e suas implicações contrastam com as capacidades regenerativas do meio ambiente. Esse contraste permite que se associe aqui a busca pelo sucesso individual e as questões ambientais mais urgentes. A partir dessa relação entre uma racionalidade neoliberal, que incita indivíduos à busca incessante por sucesso, (...) e a emergência do colapso ambiental, é possível aqui chamar de outsider do desempenho aquele indivíduo que renunciou às expectativas sociais de sucesso em meio a intensos níveis de degradação ambiental e de adoecimentos psíquicos. (shrink)

Este artigo retoma os conceitos de poder disciplinar e biopoder em Michel Foucault para, então, fazer um diagnóstico do contexto pandêmico causado pela Covid-19. Ao se considerar que mais da metade da população mundial foi orientada ao isolamento social, bem como à alteração de hábitos cotidianos a fim de diminuir a propagação do vírus SARS-CoV-2, é possível perceber em Foucault as medidas da técnica disciplinar e da tecnologia biopolítica, ambas direcionadas à preservação da vida da população. Considera-se que o poder (...) disciplinar e o biopoder funcionam na atual pandemia num contexto inédito, marcado pelo avanço tecnológico. (shrink)

The COVID-19 pandemic declared by the World Health Organization in March 2020 caused many uncertainties. Threatening the wellbeing of both people and their companion animals, the pandemic raised many questions about the role of the interactions and relationships between humans and companion animals in the context of social distancing and all the restrictions it imposes. It was in this setting that an online questionnaire about the behaviors and attitudes toward companion animals during the first lockdown of the coronavirus pandemic in (...) Portugal was developed. The questionnaire received 2,198 validated responses. Four main behaviors and attitudes toward companion animals were identified, comparing the periods before and during the first lockdown: 1) a greater human-animal proximity; 2) a greater confinement of humans and companion animals; 3) the “other” as a threat and the depletion of the support network/system; and 4) increased hygiene practices/decreased healthcare. (shrink)

Contemporary societies are dominated by the discourse of the risk which refers to potential threats associated to feelings of insecurity, uncertainty, and fear, introduced by modernization itself (Beck, Risk society. Towards a new modernity. Sage, 1992, p. 21) and instigated by the mass media. The concept of risk can, however, connote other dimensions. Austen (The social construction of risk by young people. Health, Risk & Society, 11(5), 451–470, 2009, p. 452) states that “now risk taking is much more diverse, not (...) centred on survival but pleasure and the relief of boredom. In this sense risk taking is now regarded as fun, a way of coping with the increased instabilities and uncertainties of living at risk”. The author highlights that young people in the new millennium face a wider scope of uncertainties (being at risk) and choices (risk taking) on how to run their lives. On the one hand, they are regarded as autonomous and knowledgeable and, on the other, as dependent and passive (p. 452).Theoretical frameworks about risk have been influencing many discourses (economic, technological, political…) and social groups, an example being young people’s risk management (Cieslik & Pollock, Introduction: Studying young people in late modernity. In M. Cieslik & G. Pollock (Eds.), Young people in risk society: The restructuring of youth identities and transitions in late modernity. Routledge Revivals, 2002/2018). This chapter aims at carrying out a critical analysis of perceptions of risk associated to the negative dimension of fear and insecurity, which is widely accepted. It, thus, searches for elements that can give answers to the question how do young people perceive risk?, to determine appropriations anchored in the life of the Other, the young, as an example of a specific context.In terms of methodology, the chapter adopts a qualitative approach to research as action that places creative intervention (photography, graphic representation, writing) at the centre of empirical observation, as a form of expressing worldviews. The research sample includes a group of young people and is examined to understand how the concept of risk can suggest different appropriations and how artistic intervention can promote individuals’ awareness of their participant voices. (shrink)

In recent years, in particular since the publication of Miranda Fricker’s Epistemic Injustice: Power and the Ethics of Knowing in 2007 (Fricker, 2007), analytic philosophers (working broadly in the field of social epistemology) have been reflecting more systematically on moral and political wrongs and harms occurring in epistemic processes, and more generally on the intersections between political and epistemic phenomena. Through the notion of testimonial injustice in particular, they have been investigating how epistemic injustices can occur in conversational situations. But (...) conversation and dialogue can also be the locus for resistance and liberation from oppression, not just for injustice. This is one of the main insights in the work of Brazilian educator and scholar Paulo Freire (1921–1997), who investigated the role of dialogical forms of education for the empowerment of traditionally oppressed groups. Indeed, Freire’s work contains valuable ideas that, in our opinion, should be included in the debates on epistemic injustice and related topics. Our goal with this contribution is to present some aspects of his thought that are relevant for these debates, thus showing that social epistemologists have much to benefit from engaging with Freire’s work. (shrink)

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion.

David Konstan afirma que nem sempre a inveja teve uma conotação negativa na história da literatura. Em Homero, é com a inveja dos deuses que Penélope se desculpa com Odisseu pela necessidade do teste do leito. Hesíodo, em Os Trabalhos e os Dias, faz da inveja um motor de competição em função de uma inovação social. Ao longo dos séculos, a inveja ganhou matizes cristãs com Evágrio Pôntico, se especializando num pecado mortal, conforme São Tomás de Aquino. Na obra de (...) João Guimarães Rosa, várias são as ocorrências do léxico. Em diálogo com a cultura clássica e a tradição cristã, tentarei compreender as várias faces com as quais a inveja se apresenta na obra do escritor brasileiro. (shrink)

Cet ouvrage aide à pénétrer une pensée complexe, et tente de rendre Deleuze accessible. L'auteur a pu définir un accés sensible et raisonné à l'un de ces points privilégiés où la philosophie deleuzienne se construit hors d'elle-même en investissant un espace "non philosophique", celui de la littérature. Il ne peut etre question de résumer un travail qui s'attache à suivre, à travers l'analyse fine de quelques singularités, toutes les transformations de la pensée deleuzienne de l'expérimentation littéraire, entendue comme expérimentation de (...) vie. (shrink)

It is often remarked that first-order Peano Arithmetic is non-categorical but deductively well-behaved, while second-order Peano Arithmetic is categorical but deductively ill-behaved. This suggests that, when it comes to axiomatizations of mathematical theories, expressive power and deductive power may be orthogonal, mutually exclusive desiderata. In this paper, I turn to Hintikka’s (Philos Top 17(2):69–90, 1989) distinction between descriptive and deductive approaches in the foundations of mathematics to discuss the implications of this observation for the first-order logic versus second-order logic divide. (...) The descriptive approach is illustrated by Dedekind’s ‘discovery’ of the need for second-order concepts to ensure categoricity in his axiomatization of arithmetic; the deductive approach is illustrated by Frege’s Begriffsschrift project. I argue that, rather than suggesting that any use of logic in the foundations of mathematics is doomed to failure given the impossibility of combining the descriptive approach with the deductive approach, what this apparent predicament in fact indicates is that the first-order versus second-order divide may be too crude to investigate what an adequate axiomatization of arithmetic should look like. I also conclude that, insofar as there are different, equally legitimate projects one may engage in when working on the foundations of mathematics, there is no such thing as the One True Logic for this purpose; different logical systems may be adequate for different projects. (shrink)

This paper aims to examine the place of the dramatic in the Anthropological Structures of the Imaginary, through a comparative approach between this work and two others : Les Concepts fondamentaux de poétique and Les Deux cent mille situations dramatiques, in order to consider another possible order for the sequence of the structures proposed by Gilbert Durand, although the author declared in a note that he did not choose to follow « the ontogenetic plane of the emergence of dominant reflexes (...) ». (shrink)

Although not entirely mainstream, uses of formal methods for the study of the history of philosophy, the history of logic in particular, represent an important trend in recent philosophical historiography. In this chapter, I discuss what can be achieved by the application of formal methods to the history of philosophy, addressing both motivations and potential pitfalls. The first section focuses on methodological aspects, and the second section presents three case studies of historical theories which have been investigated with formal tools: (...) Aristotle’s syllogistic, Anselm’s ontological argument, and medieval theories of supposition. (shrink)

This paper contains a joint study of two sentential logics that combine a many-valued character, namely tetravalence, with a modal character; one of them is normal and the other one quasinormal. The method is to study their algebraic counterparts and their abstract models with the tools of Abstract Algebraic Logic, and particularly with those of Brown and Suszko's theory of abstract logics as recently developed by Font and Jansana in their "A General Algebraic Semantics for Sentential Logics". The logics studied (...) here arise from the algebraic and lattice-theoretical properties we review of Tetravalent Modal Algebras, a class of algebras studied mainly by Loureiro, and also by Figallo, Landini and Ziliani, at the suggestion of the late Antonio Monteiro. (shrink)