There are three main problems in track fastener defect detection based on image: The number of abnormal fastener pictures is scarce, and supervised learning detection model is difficult to establish. The potential data features obtained by different feature extraction methods are different. Some methods focus on edge features, and some methods focus on texture features. Different features have different detection capabilities, and these features are not effectively fused and utilized. The detection of the track fastener clip will be interfered by (...) the track fastener bolt subimage. Aiming at the above three problems, a method for track fastener defects detection based on Local Deep Feature Fusion Network is proposed. Firstly, the track fastener image segmentation method is used to obtain the track fastener clip subimage, which can effectively reduce the interference of bolt subimage features on the track fastener clip detection. Secondly, the edge features and texture features of track fastener clip subimages are extracted by Autoencoder and Restricted Boltzmann Machine, and the features are fused. Finally, the similarity measurement method Mahalanobis Distance is used to detect defects in track fasteners. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by real Pandrol track fastener images. (shrink)

It has been proposed that processing sentential negation recruits the neural network of inhibitory control. In addition, inhibition mechanisms also play a role in switching languages for bilinguals. Since both processes may share inhibitory resources, the current study explored for the first time whether and how language-switching influences the processing of negation. To this end, two groups of Spanish-English bilinguals participated in an encoding-verification memory task. They read short stories involving the same two protagonists, referring to their activities in four (...) different scenarios in Spanish or English. Following each story, the participants received verification questions requiring “yes” or “no” responses depending on whether a given fact was correctly referred to one of the protagonists. Some of the verification questions were in the story’s original language and others in the alternate language. Results revealed that language-switching facilitated negative responses compared to affirmative responses, exclusively for questions switching from dominant language to non-dominant language. This effect might reflect that the domain-general mechanisms of inhibitory control are recruited at least partially for both language switch and negation process simultaneously, although this phenomenon is modulated by language dominance. (shrink)

Problematic smartphone use in college students has been a major public health concern in modern society, which may also lead to adverse health outcomes. Using a three-wave longitudinal study design, the current study aimed to examine the prevalence and psychosocial factors of PSU in a large sample of Chinese college students. The data used in this study was obtained from an ongoing longitudinal study in Guangdong, China. In the current study, a total of 7,434 freshmen and sophomores who completed the (...) first three surveys were included. Self-administered questionnaires were used to assess PSU, possible social anxiety disorders, depressive symptoms, loneliness, family conflicts, academic stress, and some demographic characteristics. Generalized estimating equation models were performed to determine the risk factors associated with PSU. The results showed that 65.8, 58.1, and 52.8% of college students reported PSU at three waves, with an apparent downward trend. Female students reported higher prevalence rates of PSU than males. Depressive symptoms, possible social anxiety disorders, loneliness, family conflicts, and high academic pressure were important risk factors for PSU. Early intervention and identification of those who show signs of PSU may prevent the development of maladaptive coping responses and addictive behaviors, so as to prevent future negative psychosocial consequences. (shrink)

本书以认识的主体性为研究对象,对哲学史上的认识的主体性思想、自然科学家的认识的主体性思想、认识的主体性原理、认识的主体性的微观机制、认识的主体性的宏观根源、研究认识的主体性的意义等问题作了专题的研究。 .

本书对实践的主体性的一些相关问题作了比较系统的研究,着重发掘和整理了马克思主义哲学关于实践的主体性的思想。.

This is an interview with Rongfang Han, a family leader and mother of a Special Olympics athlete Jiyu Wang in Beijing. Han’s story indicates her positive attitude and perseverance towards life as a family leader. It reflects her capacity and vision to partner together with other parents to establish a Beijing Special Olympics family support network. Her efforts in her rehabilitation center for persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities indicate the dire needs for adults with disabilities to gain systematic support (...) for rehabilitation and independent living. (shrink)

[v. 1]. Gu dai juan -- [v. 2-3]. Jin dai juan -- [v. 4]. Xian dai juan.

Transcranial Photobiomodulation has demonstrated its ability to alter electrophysiological activity in the human brain. However, it is unclear how tPBM modulates brain electroencephalogram networks and is related to human cognition. In this study, we recorded 64-channel EEG from 44 healthy humans before, during, and after 8-min, right-forehead, 1,064-nm tPBM or sham stimulation with an irradiance of 257 mW/cm2. In data processing, a novel methodology by combining group singular value decomposition with the exact low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography was implemented and performed (...) on the 64-channel noise-free EEG time series. The gSVD+eLORETA algorithm produced 11 gSVD-derived principal components projected in the 2D sensor and 3D source domain/space. These 11 PCs took more than 70% weight of the entire EEG signals and were justified as 11 EEG brain networks. Finally, baseline-normalized power changes of each EEG brain network in each EEG frequency band were quantified during the first 4-min, second 4-min, and post tPBM/sham periods, followed by comparisons of frequency-specific power changes between tPBM and sham conditions. Our results showed that tPBM-induced increases in alpha powers occurred at default mode network, executive control network, frontal parietal network and lateral visual network. Moreover, the ability to decompose EEG signals into individual, independent brain networks facilitated to better visualize significant decreases in gamma power by tPBM. Many similarities were found between the cortical locations of SVD-revealed EEG networks and fMRI-identified resting-state networks. This consistency may shed light on mechanistic associations between tPBM-modulated brain networks and improved cognition outcomes. (shrink)

The design, implementation, and outcome of game-based learning for learners with disabilities have not been sufficiently examined systematically. Particularly, learner-based and contextual factors, as well as the essential roles played by various stakeholders, have not been addressed when game-based learning applications are used in special education. Therefore, a systematic literature review using the Activity Theory was conducted to analyse studies about game-based learning for learners with disabilities. Content analysis of 96 studies reported relevant information with respect to each activity component— (...) subject, technology, object, rules, community, division of labour and outcome. Furthermore, this study identified existing gaps from the reviewed studies, including occasional lack of parental engagement, difficulty of standardising performance measures due to the heterogeneity of learner profiles and contradictions. Finally, recommendations were made under each activity component. The study concluded that both general and domain-specific guidelines should be created for each disability category proposed in this review to assist practitioners who wish to use game-based learning with learners with disabilities. (shrink)

Der Artikel spürt den subtilen Veränderungen nach, die bei Patienten, die mit tiefer Hirnstimulation behandelt werden, möglicherweise beobachtet werden können. Dabei sollen im Rückgriff auf Konzeptionen zur narrativen Identität mittels einer möglichst genauen Beschreibung und Analyse der Selbstwahrnehmung der Patienten sowie der Wahrnehmung ihres Umfelds die Änderungen im praktischen Selbstverhältnis untersucht werden, u. a. am Beispiel technomorpher Metaphern, die von den Patienten in ihren Selbstbeschreibungen verwendet werden. Ziel ist es, die Neuartigkeit und das Spezifische der Neurotechnologien – über die bisherigen (...) Untersuchungen hinaus – hinsichtlich des Umgangs mit sich selbst herauszuarbeiten und greifbar zu machen. Abschließend werden auf Basis der Analyse der Patienten-Narrationen die entsprechenden normativen Implikationen für eine ethische Bewertung des Einsatzes von Neurotechnologien benannt. (shrink)

Die Medikalisierung des Sterbens hat dazu geführt, dass ein „guter Tod“ zunehmend auch von medizinischen Interventionen erwartet wird. Die Möglichkeiten einer „terminalen Sedierung“ bis zum Tode werden von vielen als Ausweg angesehen, wenn bei unerträglichem Leid und aussichtsloser Prognose der Wunsch nach aktiver Sterbehilfe angesprochen wird. Durch eine Sedierung können zwar bei schwerstkranken Patienten schwerste therapierefraktäre Leidenszustände effektiv gelindert werden. Diese Therapieoption kann aber auch in der Absicht angewendet werden, den Todeseintritt medizinisch zu beschleunigen, so dass im Zusammenhang mit der (...) Euthanasiedebatte auch das Thema der terminalen Sedierung kontrovers diskutiert wird. Richtlinien zu Indikation, Technik und Dokumentation sind notwendig, um Stellenwert und Grenzen der terminalen Sedierung im Rahmen der palliativen Betreuung am Lebensende zu verdeutlichen und durch Transparenz Fehlentwicklungen zu vermeiden. (shrink)

En Guedi, un oasis en la orilla occidental del Mar Muerto, es uno de los más importantes yacimientos del desierto de Judea. En el periodo romano—bizantino En Guedi fue famosa par sus excelentes dátiles y por sus plantaciones de bálsamo. En la última fase de su sinagoga hay una extraña inscripción, cuya interpretación ha ocupado el interés de muchos estudiosos. El presente artículo es un intento de aproximación al correcto significado de la inscripción de En Guedi con inclusión de los (...) últimos datos conocidos. (shrink)

Cet article interroge un fait de langage : l’emploi de l’expression de « bons sentiments » impliquant un sens critique et une attitude de rejet. La généralisation de cet usage est ici mise en évidence. De Louis Althusser se méfiant de la pensée « camusienne » à la mise en garde de Pierre Nora contre l’empire des bons sentiments au détriment de la vertu, les rangs de la critique publique des émotions se sont étoffés. Quelles sont les motivations d’une telle (...) attitude critique? Quels en sont les effets? Dans la mesure où l’emploi critique de l’expression de « bons sentiments » paraît manifester une méconnaissance de la nature des phénomènes affectifs, la question soulevée ici en dernière instance consiste à se demander si nous ne sommes pas confrontés à un cas de déférence langagière sans expertise, situation qui interpelle les compétences d’analyse logique et de définition conceptuelle de la philosophie. (shrink)

Institution caractéristique d'une Cappadoce peu urbanisée, les chorévêques (ou ' évêques des campagnes ') sont attestés pour l'essentiel aux IVe et Ve siècles. C'est leur place dans le gouvernement de l'Église nouvellement impériale que nous avons examinée pour montrer que, loin de témoigner d'une première évangélisation et prise en charge par l'Église de ces communautés rurales d'Asie Mineure, leur importance au IVe siècle, puis leur effacement au siècle suivant signalent en fait la mise sous tutelle de ces mêmes communautés et (...) de leur organisation ecclésiastique par la hiérarchie épiscopale, conformément au principe d'accommodement. Cette conclusion invalide l'idée, encore récemment énoncée, que les campagnes dans leur ensemble ont été christianisées tardivement, et postérieurement aux cités. (shrink)

En la Biblia de Ávila se encuentra el ciclo pictórico de la vida y la pasión de Cristo más completo del Románico español. Cada escena viene acompañada por una inscripción en latín añadida poco después de que se completaran las imágenes. Sin embargo, no todas las inscripciones identifican los personajes o las escenas correctamente. Uno de los errores se encuentra en el último folio del ciclo que, habiendo sido identificado como Pentecostés o la bajada del Espíritu Santo, no presenta ninguna (...) de las características iconográficas típicas de este tema. Este artículo investiga otras alternativas iconográficas que puedan explicar la peculiaridad de la imagen y la posición final del folio. (shrink)

La concepción agustiniana de la libertad se va fraguando al hilo de sus polémicas con los maniqueos y pelagianos. Agustín defiende la existencia de la libertad frente a los maniqueos y la considera la causante del mal o pecado así como capaz de méritos. Frente a los pelagianos afirma que el liberum arbitrium necesita de la gracia de Dios para hacer el bien y de este modo llegar a un grado más perfecto de libertad, la libertas, que consiste en le (...) necesidad de hacer el bien. La meta de la libertad no es otra que Dios, sumo Bien y felicidad para el hombre. (shrink)

Le point de départ de cet article est une analyse phénoménologique des formes de travail dans le monde moderne des médias et des réalités informatiques. La priorité y est donnée à une analyse de la conscience moderne du travail dans la mesure où elle est importante pour la compréhension moderne de la praxis humaine. Un coup d’œil rétrospectif sur Kant et Locke permet de reconstituer les définitions philosophiques et les raisons du travail qui caractérisent la philosophie moderne dans son ensemble (...) et dans sa progression. En conséquence de quoi, il est possible de saisir les problèmes et les fractures du monde actuel du travail, qui se laissent identifier comme une expérience d’échec. C’est la mémoire philosophique qui aide à clarifier les aspects négatifs du monde moderne du trravail relativement à la conception du moi humain et du monde en général. (shrink)

Il n’est pas de théologie, en général, et de théologie chrétienne, singulièrement, sans une option existentielle, sans que soit mis en jeu le sens de l’expression « existence théologique », dans un sens large, distinct de l’usage technique et contextuel que cette manière de parler a pu signifier à l’époque de la théologie dialectique, sous l’impulsion centrale de Karl Barth. « Pourquoi je suis entré en théologie » pourrait conduire à une narration autobiographique. Toutefois, nous souhaitons donner ici à la (...) question initiale du « pourquoi je suis entré en théologie » un sens davantage logique que chronologique. C’est le sens fort, objectif, du pourquoi, qui nous retient avant tout. Il s’agit en effet de comprendre à la fois « pour quelle raison je suis entré en théologie » et « dans quel but ». C’est dans les termes les plus simples et les plus directs que nous commencerons par répondre personnellement à cette double interrogation, avant d’en voir les implications dans le « métier » de théologien.There is no theology in general and no Christian theology, in particular, without an existential option, without the meaning of the expression “theological existence” coming into play in a broad sense, distinct from the technical and contextual usage that this way of speaking may have meant in the period of dialectical theology under the guiding impulsion of Karl Barth. “Why did I go into theology” could lead to an autobiographical narrative. However, here the author would like to give this question a more logical than chronological meaning. It is the strong, objective sense of the question “what for” that demands our attention above all else. It is a question of understanding both “why did I go into theology” and “with what objective”. It will be in the most simple and direct terms that the author will begin by replying personally to this double question, before broaching its broader implications for the “work” of theologians. (shrink)

Laureano Vallenilla Lanz es uno de los intelectuales más influyentes de la Venezuela de finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX. Pertenece a la generación de teóricos que se nutrió fundamentalmente de la doctrina positivista e hizo de ella la herramienta para desarrollar la interpretación de nuestra realidad con el fin de edificar una estable y próspera nación. Las ideas que guían el presente examen recogen su postura ante la historia, el individuo y la sociedad, la religión, la educación, (...) el centralismo, la guerra y la paz. (shrink)

Este ensaio procura reconstruir o modo como Kant lê dois filósofos que desempenharam um papel fundamental no desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico, David Hume e Jean-Jacques Rousseau. O foco principal da reconstrução que aqui se faz não é o conteúdo doutrinal dessas filosofias, mas o processo reflexivo de leitura, por meio do qual Kant acaba chegando à descoberta da dialética própria ao método crítico.

Cet article s’adosse au travail d’un centre d’action médico-social précoce qui prend en charge des enfants dont les parents viennent d’un ailleurs. Face aux retards de développement présentés par les enfants accompagnés, l’institution médico-sociale et les familles peuvent avoir des lectures différentes sur ce qui se passe pour l’enfant. Le recours à l’approche transculturelle permet aux familles d’assurer une double protection de leur enfant, en adhérant aux soins médicaux et psychologiques proposés par l’institution et en mobilisant leurs ressources familiales, culturelles (...) et parfois religieuses à travers des rituels de soins, chacune des deux méthodes ayant pour objectif d’assurer un apaisement de l’enfant et la bonne poursuite de son développement. (shrink)

Deism, which is known for denying the belief in prophethood and the hereafter while accepting the existence of a deity who is understood through reason but does not interfere with the universe while, has gained increasing popularity especially in positive scientific circles in Europe with the Enlightenment period. The development of deism in Europe has been significantly influenced by the ideas of philosophers and scientists such as Descartes, Newton, Voltaire, David Hume, and Kant. Although there is no word in Islamic (...) terminology that corresponds with the meaning of deism, terms such as Dahriyya, Barāhima, ilhad and heresy have been used to refer to different types of denial, including deism and atheism. However, it can be said that “Dahriyyah” is closer to atheism in meaning, while “Barāhima” is used in a more specific sense to deny prophethood. The words “ilhad” and heresy are used to express any kind of denial that rejects the principles of Islam. Parallel to deism being a subject of interest in our country and around the world, there has been a significant increase in studies conducted both in favour and against it. In this article, the rational proofs mentioned by Māturīdī regarding the existence of the hereafter, which deism rejects, have been discussed. In particular, the evidence found in the exegesis of relevant verses of the Qur’ān in Kitab al-Ta’wilat have been subject to examination. Māturīdī has emphasized the importance of providing rational proof for those who do not believe in the Qur’ān, stating that they will not accept any evidence derived from it. Māturīdī, who researched the reasons why people deny the afterlife, explained that people’s attempt to understand everything by comparing them to their own abilities is an important reason for the denial of the afterlife. According to him, people deny the afterlife because they believe that the power to resurrect the dead is beyond their own abilities and assume that their power is not enough for such an act. If they had contemplated the creation of the heavens and the earth, they would have realised that Allāh’s power is different from the power of His creatures. Furthermore, Imam Māturīdī pointed out that it would be absurd and pointless for Allāh, the Creator of the universe, to have created it solely for the purpose of its destruction. He emphasised that there must be a purpose for its creation, and that this purpose indicates the existence of the afterlife, where the actions of the created beings will be accounted for. In addition, Māturīdī, who said “If the world was eternal, it would not be possible to repay the deeds done,” emphasised the necessity of distinguishing between virtuous and evil individuals and giving everyone the reward or punishment they deserve. He acknowledged that human beings live in this world as a test, and the true consequences of their actions will be revealed in the hereafter. (shrink)

The promise and the threat (al-wa’d wa al-wa‘īd) issue, which has been debated among theological sects, is primarily related to the problem of grave sin. This critical issue discussed in the framework of the problem of grave sin and in the context of the faith-action relationship has been shaped based on the definitions of faith of the emerging sects. Through examining the Qur’ān verses about al-wa’d and al-wa‘īd, answers to such questions whether the Qur’ān verses about to indicate generality (‘umūm) (...) or specification (khusūs) and whether divine promise and threat can change have been sought. In the beginning, the disputations occurring between Murji’ah and Mu‘tazilah, afterward, have become one of the essential matters of debate among Māturīdīs and the Mu‘tazilī scholars. Even though Imām Māturīdī expresses common criticisms against Khawārij and Mu‘tazilah, he mainly condemns the Mu‘tazilī doctrine. Mu‘tazilah treats the principle in question based on the idea that, by force of divine justice, it is necessary for God to reward the faithful and punish the disobedient. According to them, because a grave sin that is not repented requires to stay permanently in the hell, intercession (shafā‘ah) is not possible for such a person. However, Māturīdī argues that a claim of this kind cannot be valid from the point of justice by emphasizing that faith, which is a state of constant assent, prevents the punishment. In this essay, Māturīdī’s criticisms have been discussed with regard to directly related issues such as justice, grave sin, and intercession. (shrink)

Jennifer Nagel on Toronto Ülikooli filosoofiaprofessor. Ta on uurinud peamiselt teadmisseisundit ja meie võimet seda teiste inimeste juures ära tunda, metakognitsiooni ja vaimuseisundite omistamist. Nagel on avaldanud mitmeid mõjukaid uurimusi epistemoloogia ja vaimufilosoofia valdkondades, sealhulgas raamatu “Knowledge: A Very Short Introduction” (Oxford University Press, 2014). Töös on raamat “Recognizing Knowledge: Intuitive and Reflective Epistemology”. Jennifer Nagel pidas Tartu Ülikoolis 17.-19. septembril 2019 Gottlob Frege loengud teoreetilises filosoofias teemal “Epistemic Interaction”. Intervjuu leidis aset e-kirjade vahendusel ning valmis 4. jaanuaril 2020.

Commentary on Sakya Pandita's Tshad ma rigs gter; includes root text.

Keine ausführliche Beschreibung für "Möglichkeit und Wirklichkeit bei Martin Heidegger" verfügbar.

Époque de transition, la Renaissance connaît une série d’évolutions de l’idée politique d’empire (héritée du Moyen Âge) vers la réalité moderne d’un vaste marché coordonnant progressivement les économies nationales particulières et leurs réseaux d’influence. Ces évolutions permettent-elles d’évoquer la mise en place d’une « version économique de l’empire » ? Peut-on regarder ce qui se joue à la Renaissance, saisie à travers ses relations géopolitiques, comme la préfiguration de la globalisation ? L’article examine ces questions à partir de plusieurs hypothèses (...) et défend la thèse que l’idée d’empire subit à cette époque des « métamorphoses », c’est-à-dire des évolutions qui en modifient le concept, notamment en ce qui concerne le rapport entre domination et territorialité. (shrink)

After briefly introducing the notion of mask within Nietzsche’s philosophy, as well as its connection with the idea of every possible ‘identity’, we aim at analyzing the position held by Zarathustra’s mask as a teacher, in line with the meanings of his ‘teachings’. We’ll show how Zarathustra’s teaching presents as a sort of nonteaching, thereby indicating how it becomes itself visible amongst some problems in contemporary thought.

Against attempts to vacate silence of the possibility of expression, and empty the expression of its own silence, this article proposes as a task for our contemporary world that we should be silence-trackers. This task is not easy, since the decisive silence cannot be heard, but it is treasured within the words and works as their last and most inspired truth. To that end, it is taken as a guide the famous Letter of Lord Chandos (Hofmannsthal), who claims his silence-in-transit (...) (exceeded by a new experience of the overwhelming richness of reality), as well as Blanchot’s reflections on the relationship between silence and inspiration. In the second part, the article “tracks”, as “exemplary” examples, the silences of A. López (Dream of Light) and the one involved in the secret of “Rosebud” (Citizen Kane, Welles).Keywords: silence, inspiration, expression, Chandos, Hofmannsthal, Blanchot. (shrink)

O autor analisa a validade de uma certa variante do “argumento ontológico" deAnselmo, a saber, a versão lógico-modal de Charles Hartshorne. Ele investiga, primeiramente, a origem dos argumentos de Hartshorne, partindo de uma interpretação de Anselmo; em segundo lugar, o argumento lógico-modal é apresentado, junto com as suas pressuposições e implicações. Finalmente, o autor propõe uma avaliação da abordagem de Hartshorne.