Wiktionary

gum

See also: Appendix:Variations of "gum"

Translingual

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Etymology

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Abbreviation of English Guambiano or Spanish guambiano.

Symbol

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gum

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Guambiano.

See also

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English

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Gums

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Middle English gom, gome, gomme, goome, gum, gume, gumme, from Old English gōma (“palate”), from Proto-West Germanic *gōmō, from Proto-Germanic *gaumô, *gōmô (“palate”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂- (“to gape, yawn”).

Cognates

Cognate with Cimbrian gaumo (“palate”), German Gaum, Gaumen (“palate”), Luxembourgish Gomm, Gumm (“palate”), Yiddish גומען (gumen, “palate”), Danish gumme (“gums”), Icelandic gómur (“gum”), Norwegian Nynorsk and Swedish gom (“palate”); also Latin hio (“to gape, yawn”), Ancient Greek χάσκω (kháskō, “to gape, yawn”), Lithuanian gomurỹs (“palate”), Bulgarian зе́я (zéja, “to gape”), Czech zát, zet (“to gape”), Polish ziać (“to pant”), Russian зия́ть (zijátʹ, “to gape, yawn”), Serbo-Croatian зи́јати, zíjati (“to gape, yawn”), Ukrainian зя́яти (zjájaty, “to gape”), Tocharian A koy- (“mouth”), Tocharian B koyn (“mouth”). More at yawn.

Alternative forms

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Noun

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gum (plural gums)

  1. (often in the plural) The flesh around the teeth.
Synonyms
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Derived terms
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Terms derived from gum (noun, etymology 1)
Translations
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Verb

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gum (third-person singular simple present gums, present participle gumming, simple past and past participle gummed)

  1. To chew, especially of a toothless person or animal.
  2. (transitive) To deepen and enlarge the spaces between the teeth of (a worn saw), as with a gummer.
Translations
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Etymology 2

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From Middle English gomme, gumme, borrowed from Anglo-Norman gome, from Late Latin gumma, from Latin cummi, gummi, from Ancient Greek κόμμι (kómmi), from Egyptian qmy (“anointing oil”), qmyt (“acanthus resin, gum”). Cognate with Spanish goma (“rubber”). Doublet of gumma.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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gum (countable and uncountable, plural gums)

  1. (botany, biochemistry, chiefly uncountable) A viscous water-soluble carbohydrate exudate of certain plants that hardens when it becomes dry, or such a substance as a component of a plant exudate.
    gum arabic
    gum-oleo-resin
  2. (chiefly uncountable) Any viscous or sticky substance resembling the true gum.
    gum benzoin
    • 1833, John Kennedy, Geordie Chalmers; or, the Law in Glenbuckie, page 205:
      […] becoomed wi' the gum o' the coal-hill […]
  3. (chiefly uncountable) Chewing gum.
  4. (countable) A single piece of chewing gum.
    Do you have a gum to spare?
    • 2005, Zadie Smith, On Beauty, Penguin Books (2006), page 388:
      Levi unwrapped a gum and put it in his mouth.
  5. (South Africa, often in the plural) A gummi candy.
  6. (US, dialect, Southern US) A hive made of a section of a hollow gum tree; hence, any roughly made hive.
  7. (US, dialect, Southern US) A vessel or bin made from a hollow log.
  8. (US, dialect) A rubber overshoe.
  10. A gum tree, any of various types of trees or an individual thereof.
    Hyponyms: black gum, sour gum, sweet gum, sweet gum tree
Derived terms
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Terms derived from gum (etymology 2)
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Descendants
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  • → Welsh: gwm
  • → Korean: 껌 (kkeom)
Translations
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The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Verb

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gum (third-person singular simple present gums, present participle gumming, simple past and past participle gummed)

  1. (sometimes with up) To apply an adhesive or gum to; to make sticky by applying a sticky substance to.
    • 2012, Julie Hedgepeth Williams, A Rare Titanic Family: The Caldwells' Story of Survival, →ISBN, page 184:
      However, Albert said in his audiotape and in his speech that a lever designed to release the lifeboat's block and tackle was gummed up with red paint.
  2. To stiffen with glue or gum.
  3. (sometimes with together) To inelegantly attach into a sequence.
    • 1946, George Orwell, Politics and the English Language:
      It consists in gumming together long strips of words [that] have already been set in order by someone else, and making the results presentable by sheer humbug.
  4. (colloquial, with up) To impair the functioning of a thing or process.
    That cheap oil will gum up the engine valves.
    The new editor can gum up your article with too many commas.
Derived terms
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References

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  1. ^ McDavid, Raven Ioor Jr. (1953), “13. Some Social Differences in Pronunciation”, in William A. Kretzschmar, Jr., editor, Dialects in culture: essays in general dialectology‎[1], University, Alabama: The University of Alabama Press, published 1979, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 116, column 2.

Anagrams

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Czech

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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gum

  1. genitive plural of guma

Dutch

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Alternative forms

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  • gom (now restricted to Belgium in the meaning “eraser”).

Etymology

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A relatively recent variant of gom.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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gum m (plural gummen, diminutive gummetje n)

  1. an eraser

Derived terms

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Hausa

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ɡùm/
    • (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA(key): [ɡʷʊ̀m]

Ideophone

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gùm

  1. smelling bad

Alternative forms

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Icelandic

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Etymology

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From Proto-Germanic *gaumō (“attention, heed”).[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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gum n (genitive singular gums, no plural)

  1. boasting, exaggeration
    Synonyms: gort, raup

Declension

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Declension of gum (sg-only neuter)
singular
indefinite definite
nominative gum gumið
accusative gum gumið
dative gumi guminu
genitive gums gumsins

Derived terms

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  • guma (“to boast, to exaggerate”)

References

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  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “gumen”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 195

Kamkata-viri

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Etymology

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From Proto-Nuristani *goduma, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gandʰúHmas ~ *gantúHmas, remodeled similarly to Sanskrit गोधूम (godhū́ma).[1]

Noun

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gum m (Western, Northeastern, Southeastern)[2][3]

  1. wheat

References

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  1. ^ Halfmann, Jakob (2025). The Diversification of Indo-Iranian and the Position of the Nuristani Languages. Wiesbaden: Reichert.
  2. ^ Strand, Richard F. (2016), “g′um”, in Nûristânî Etymological Lexicon‎[3]
  3. ^ Halfmann, Jakob (2024). A Grammatical Description of the Katë Language (Nuristani) (PhD thesis). Köln: Universität zu Köln.

Middle English

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Noun

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gum

  1. alternative form of gumme

Polish

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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gum f pl

  1. genitive plural of guma

Salar

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Etymology

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From Proto-Turkic *kum. Compare to Turkish kum, etc.

Pronunciation

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  • (Ejia, Daowei, Xunhua, Qinghai, Ili, Yining, Xinjiang) IPA(key): [kum]

Noun

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gum (3rd person possessive gumı, plural gumlar)

  1. sand

References

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  • Tenishev, Edhem (1976), “kum”, in Stroj salárskovo jazyká [Grammar of Salar], Moscow: Nauka, page 395
  • Yakup, Abdurishid (2002), “gum”, in An Ili Salar Vocabulary: Introduction and a Provisional Salar-English Lexicon‎[4], Tokyo: University of Tokyo, →ISBN, page 109

Scots

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Etymology 1

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From English gum.

Noun

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gum (plural gums)

  1. gum

Etymology 2

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Uncertain; perhaps a specialised use of Etymology 1, above.

Alternative forms

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Noun

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gum (plural gums)

  1. mist, vapour, haze

Scottish Gaelic

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Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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gum

  1. that
    Tha mi cinnteach gum biodh e toilichte. - I'm certain that he would be happy.

Usage notes

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  • Used before b, f, m and p.

Sumerian

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Romanization

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gum

  1. romanization of 𒄣 (gum)

Turkmen

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Other scripts
Latin gum‍
Cyrillic гум‍
Arabic قوم

Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kum (“sand”). Cognates with Turkish kum.

Noun

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gum (definite accusative [please provide], plural [please provide])

  1. sand

Further reading

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  • “gum” in Enedilim.com
  • “gum” in Webonary.org

Zazaki

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Noun

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gum

  1. (anatomy) cheek
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