aka

See also: Appendix:Variations of "aka"

Languages (47)

Translingual • English

---

Abau • Akawaio • Central Nahuatl • Chungli Ao • Coatepec Nahuatl • Faroese • Hanunoo • Hawaiian • Iban • Icelandic • Japanese • Kikuyu • Latvian • Lavukaleve • Lote • Makasar • Māori • Mauwake • Nii • Norwegian Nynorsk • Old Frisian • Old Norse • Old Swedish • Ometepec Nahuatl • Polish • Pukapukan • Quechua • Rapa Nui • Rayón Zoque • Sranan Tongo • Swahili • Tagalog • Taivoan • Ternate • Tokelauan • Tongan • Torres Strait Creole • Tsonga • Turkish • Uzbek • Wauja • Ye'kwana • Yemsa • Yoruba • Zazaki

---

Page categories

Translingual

Etymology

Clipping of English Akan.

Symbol

aka

1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Akan.

See also

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Akan terms

English

Etymology 1

Māori [Term?]

Noun

aka

1. The New Zealand vine Metrosideros fulgens.

Etymology 2

Preposition

aka

1. Alternative letter-case form of AKA.
   • 2023 March 3, For AR People, “Legislators try new tricks to tank citizens’ right to put issues on the ballot”, in Arkansas Times‎^[2]:

     The Arkansas Legislature, aka the broligarchy, does not believe in the people’s right to the ballot process. This is as disappointing as is it unconstitutional, though the unconstitutionality isn’t stopping the bill’s sponsors.

Anagrams

• aak

Abau

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /aka/

Verb

aka

1. to let, to allow

Conjugation

Conjugation of aka

	imperfective	perfective
∅	akâ	akà
manner prefixes
nak (acc (accompaniment))	nakakâ	nakakà
hiy (caus (causative))	hiyakâ	hiyakà
non (du (dual accompaniment))	nonakâ	nonakà
saw (spd (speed, urgency))	sawakâ	sawakà
kor (lim (limitation))	korakâ	korakà
kiy (act (actuality))	kiyakâ	kiyakà
nuw (int (intensity))	nuwakâ	nuwakà
ma (rpt (repetitive))	maakâ	maakà
directional prefixes
a (at some distance)	aakâ	aakà
amor (right there)	amorakâ	amorakà
am (near)	amakâ	amakà
ka (side)	kaakâ	kaakà
kay (across)	kayakâ	kayakà
lay (straight forward (horizontally))	layakâ	layakà
lak (towards the river)	lakakâ	lakakà
lam (away from the river)	lamakâ	lamakà
lik (alongside the river, downstream)	likakâ	likakà
lim (alongside the river, upstream)	limakâ	limakà
kyor (downward (vertically))	kyorakâ	kyorakà
ar (upward (vertically))	arakâ	arakà

References

• SIL International (2020), “Abau Dictionary”, in Webonary.org‎^[3]

Akawaio

Verb

aka

1. (transitive) to dig.

   Waꞌ yen akaꞌpʉ uya. ― I dug a latrine.

2. (transitive) to pick.

   Utɨn pai kayaꞌraꞌpɨ akaseꞌna sapa pe ikonekaton. ― Let's go to pick kaya'ra'pɨ to make face paint.

Alternative forms

• kaka

Interjection

aka

1. an expression of experiencing unexpected pain

Central Nahuatl

Alternative forms

• (Cholula): aca
• (Texcoco): akah

Pronoun

aka

1. someone, somebody.

Chungli Ao

Etymology 1

From Proto-Central Naga *ka, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan [Term?].

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /a˧.ka˧/, [a˧.ka˧]

Verb

aka

1. to open (the mouth)

Inflection

Inflection of aka (Chungli)

		Affirmative	Negative
Past	Simple	aka	maka
	Perfect	kaogo	mekaogo
Present	Simple	akar	makar
	Progressive	kadar kadagi	mekadar mekadagi
Future/infinitive		akatsü	makatsü
Imperative		kang	taka
Present participle		ka-a	mekai
Conditional		kara karabang	mekara mekarabang

Derived terms

• bangka

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /a˥.ka˩/, [a˥.ka˩]

Verb

aka

1. to have (alienably)

   Coordinate term: aket

   • 1967, “Matthew 15:34”, in Ao Naga Common Language Bible, Bible Society of India:

     Yisui parnok dang ashi, “Nenok amtsük kwika aka?”

     Jesus said to them, "How many [bread products] do you have?

Inflection

Inflection of aka (Chungli)

		Affirmative	Negative
Past	Simple	aka	maka
	Perfect	kaogo	mekaogo
Present	Simple	akar	makar
	Progressive	kadar kadagi	mekadar mekadagi
Future/infinitive		akatsü	makatsü
Imperative		kang	taka
Present participle		ka-a	mekai
Conditional		kara karabang	mekara mekarabang

Further reading

• ("to open")
  • Bruhn, Daniel Wayne (2014), A Phonological Reconstruction of Proto-Central Naga‎^[4], Berkeley: University of California, pages 53, 179
  • Gowda, K. S. Gurubasave (1985), Ao-English-Hindi Dictionary, Mysore: Central Institute of Indian Languages, page 1
  • Clark, Mary M. (1893), Ao Naga grammar with illustrative phrases and vocabulary, Molung: Assam Secretariat Printing Office, page 144
• ("to have")
  • Bruhn, Daniel Wayne (2014), A Phonological Reconstruction of Proto-Central Naga‎^[5], Berkeley: University of California, page 55
  • Clark, E. W. (1911), “AKA, ka”, in Ao-Naga dictionary, Dimapur

Coatepec Nahuatl

Noun

aka

1. reed, cane.

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse aka (“to move, to drive”), from Proto-Germanic *akaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ-. Cognates include Latin agō (“to drive”), Ancient Greek ἄγω (ágō, “to lead”) and Sanskrit अजति (ajati, “to drive, propel, cast”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛaːʰka/
• Rhymes: -ɛaːʰka

Verb

aka (third person singular past indicative ók, third person plural past indicative óku, supine ikið)

1. to drive

Conjugation

Conjugation of aka (group v-60)

infinitive	aka
supine	ikið
	present	past
first singular	aki	ók
second singular	ekur	ók(st)
third singular	ekur	ók
plural	aka	óku
participle (a26)1	akandi	ikin
	imperative
singular	ak!
plural	akið!

¹Only the past participle being declined.

Hanunoo

Alternative forms

• aka'

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aka (“elder sibling”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʔakaʔ/ [ˈʔa.kɐʔ]
• Rhymes: -akaʔ
• Syllabification: a‧ka

Noun

akà (Hanunoo spelling ᜠᜣ)

1. older sibling

   Synonym: kaka

Derived terms

• akaan

Further reading

• Conklin, Harold C. (1953), Hanunóo-English Vocabulary (University of California Publications in Linguistics), volume 9, London, England: University of California Press, →OCLC, page 23
• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*aka”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Hawaiian

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *ata. Cognates include Māori ata, Samoan ata, and Tokelauan ata.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈa.ka/, [ˈɐ.kə]

Verb

aka(stative)

1. to appear bright
2. (graphic design) shadowed

Derived terms

• akaaka (reduplicated form)
• hoaka (“brightness”)
• hoʻāka (“to shadow”, verb)

Related terms

• ʻoaka (“brightness”)

Noun

aka

1. shadow
2. reflection
3. likeness
4. newly hatched fish (when its body is still transparent)

Derived terms

• hoʻoaka (“to cast a shadow”, verb)

Further reading

• aka in Combined Hawaiian Dictionary, at trussel2.com.

Iban

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /akaʔ/
• Hyphenation: a‧ka

Noun

aka

1. older brother

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse aka (“to move, to drive”), from Proto-Germanic *akaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ-. Cognates include Latin agō (“to drive”), Ancient Greek ἄγω (ágō, “to lead”) and Sanskrit अजति (ajati, “to drive, propel, cast”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈaːka/
• Rhymes: -aːka

Verb

aka (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative ók, third-person plural past indicative óku, supine ekið)

1. to drive [intransitive or with dative ‘a vehicle’]

   Synonym: keyra

   Aki maður gegn rauðu ljósi má hann eiga von á sekt.

   If a man drives against (i.e. past) a red light, he may expect a fine.

   Að aka bifreið er harla ólíkt því að aka hestvagni.

   Driving a motorcar is very different from driving a horse-drawn carriage.

2. to move slightly, to budge

Conjugation

aka – active voice (germynd)

infinitive nafnháttur		að aka
supine sagnbót		ekið
present participle lýsingarháttur nútíðar		akandi
		indicative framsöguháttur			subjunctive viðtengingarháttur
		present nútíð	past þátíð		present nútíð	past þátíð
singular	ég	ek	ók		aki	æki
	þú	ekur	ókst		akir	ækir
	hann, hún, það	ekur	ók		aki	æki
plural	við	ökum	ókum		ökum	ækjum
	þið	akið	ókuð		akið	ækjuð
	þeir, þær, þau	aka	óku		aki	ækju
		imperative boðháttur
singular	þú	ak (þú), aktu
plural	þið	akið (þið), akiði1

¹ Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

akast – mediopassive voice (miðmynd)

infinitive nafnháttur		að akast
supine sagnbót		ekist
present participle lýsingarháttur nútíðar		akandist (rare; see appendix)
		indicative framsöguháttur			subjunctive viðtengingarháttur
		present nútíð	past þátíð		present nútíð	past þátíð
singular	ég	ekst	ókst		akist	ækist
	þú	ekst	ókst		akist	ækist
	hann, hún, það	ekst	ókst		akist	ækist
plural	við	ökumst	ókumst		ökumst	ækjumst
	þið	akist	ókust		akist	ækjust
	þeir, þær, þau	akast	ókust		akist	ækjust
		imperative boðháttur
singular	þú	akst (þú), akstu
plural	þið	akist (þið), akisti1

¹ Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

ekinn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)

strong declension (sterk beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	ekinn	ekin	ekið	eknir	eknar	ekin
accusative (þolfall)	ekinn	ekna	ekið	ekna	eknar	ekin
dative (þágufall)	eknum	ekinni	eknu	eknum	eknum	eknum
genitive (eignarfall)	ekins	ekinnar	ekins	ekinna	ekinna	ekinna
weak declension (veik beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	ekni	ekna	ekna	eknu	eknu	eknu
accusative (þolfall)	ekna	eknu	ekna	eknu	eknu	eknu
dative (þágufall)	ekna	eknu	ekna	eknu	eknu	eknu
genitive (eignarfall)	ekna	eknu	ekna	eknu	eknu	eknu

Derived terms

• aka sér (“to squirm, to writhe”)
• aka framhjá (“to drive by, to drive past”)

Japanese

Romanization

aka

1. Rōmaji transcription of あか
2. Rōmaji transcription of アカ

Kikuyu

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /aka/

Verb

aka (infinitive gwaka)

1. to build

Derived terms

(Nouns)

• mwaki class 1

(Proverbs)

• mũrurĩ ndwakaga

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /àkǎ/

Noun

aka class 2

1. plural of mũka

References

• Armstrong, Lilias E. (1940). The Phonetic and Tonal Structure of Kikuyu, p. 360. Rep. 1967. (Also in 2018 by Routledge).

Latvian

Aka

Etymology

From Proto-Baltic *ak- (with an extra -ā), from Proto-Indo-European *okʷ-, from *h₃okʷ-, *h₃ekʷ- “eye”, whence also Latvian acs “eye”, (q.v.); in fact, aka is, historically speaking, a variant of acs. The semantic relation goes clearly via the similarity of a hole (from which one obtains water) to an eye. Initially probably used for “ice-hole” (like its Lithuanian cognate), and later “well.” Cognates (in addition to those listed under acs) include Lithuanian akà, ãkas (“ice-hole”), Old Church Slavonic око (oko, “eye”) (gen. очесе (očese)), Russian poetic о́ко (óko), Bulgarian око́ (okó), Czech, Polish oko, Ancient Greek ὀπή (opḗ, “hole, opening, cave; visiion”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈakːa]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

aka f (4th declension)

1. well (a hole in the ground, from which water can be obtained)

   artēziskā aka ― artesian well

   drenāžas aka ― drain well

   akas ūdens ― well water

   akas vinda ― well winch

   akas grodi ― well curb

   rakt aku ― to dig a well

   iet uz aku pēc ūdens ― to go to a well for (= to get) water

   tumšs kā akā ― as dark as in a well (= very dark)

   Līču pagalmā ir... dziļa un stipriem grodiem izbūvēta aka ― in the backyard of the Līcis (family)... there is a deep well, built with a strong curb

Declension

Declension of aka (4th)

	singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)
nominative	aka	akas
genitive	akas	aku
dative	akai	akām
accusative	aku	akas
instrumental	aku	akām
locative	akā	akās
vocative	aka	akas

Lavukaleve

Conjunction

aka

1. then

References

• Terrill, Angela (2003), A Grammar of Lavukaleve, De Gruyter, →ISBN

Lote

Noun

aka

1. canoe

References

• Greg Pearson, René van den Berg, Lote Grammar Sketch (2008)

Makasar

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈaka/, [ˈa.kʰa]
• Hyphenation: a‧ka

Adjective

aka (Lontara spelling ᨕᨀ)

1. greedy; covetous; grasping; wanting more than what one has

   Synonym: ngoa

   Aka-sikali tau, niaʼmo nisareangi, naerokìja

   How greedy he is, he has already been given (his share), yet he still wants more.

Derived terms

affixations

• akài
• anngakài

Further reading

• Cense, A. A. (1979), Makassaars-Nederlands woordenboek [Makasar-Dutch dictionary], 's-Gravenhage: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN

Māori

Etymology

From Proto-Eastern Polynesian *aka, from Proto-Nuclear Polynesian *aka, from Proto-Polynesian *aka, from Proto-Oceanic *(w)akaʀ, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *(w)akaʀ, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *(w)akaʀ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wakaʀ. Compare with Malay akar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈaka/ [ˈɐkɐ]

Noun

aka

1. root (of plant)

References

• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*wakaR”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Mauwake

Noun

aka

1. blood

References

• Berghäll, Liisa (2015), A Grammar of Mauwake, Language Science Press, →ISBN

Nii

Noun

aka

1. sweet potato

   Kung eii aka num.

   This pig ate the sweet potato.

References

• Alfred and Dellene Stucky. Ek Nii Grammar Essentials for Translation (1970).

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

• ake (e-infinitive)

Etymology

From Old Norse aka, from Proto-Germanic *akaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti, from the root *h₂eǵ- (“to drive”). Doublet of åka.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²aː.ka/, /²a.ka/

Verb

aka (present tense ek or akar, past tense ok or aka, supine eke or aka, past participle eken or aka, present participle akande, imperative ak)

1. to glide, slide slowly
2. to glide on a sledge

References

• “aka” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Frisian

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *aukaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewg-. Cognate with Old English ēacan, Old Saxon ōkian, Old Norse auka, Gothic 𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌽 (aukan), Latin augeō, and Ancient Greek αὐξάνω (auxánō).

Verb

āka

1. to increase, enlarge

Conjugation

Conjugation of āka (strong class 7)

infinitive	āka
indicative	present	past
1st person singular	āke	ēk
2nd person singular	akest, akst	ēkest, ēkst
3rd person singular	aketh, akth	ēk
plural	ākath	ēken
subjunctive	present	past
singular	āke	ēke
plural	āke, āken	ēke, ēken
imperative	present
singular	āk
plural	āketh
participle	present	past
	ākande	eāken, āken

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *akaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ-. Cognates include Latin agō (“to drive”), Ancient Greek ἄγω (ágō, “to lead”) and Sanskrit अजति (ajati, “to drive, propel, cast”).

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: ak‧a

Verb

aka (singular past indicative ók, plural past indicative óku, past participle ekinn)

1. to drive (e.g. a cart)

Conjugation

Conjugation of aka — active (strong class 6)

infinitive	aka
present participle	akandi
past participle	ekinn
	indicative			subjunctive
	present	past		present	past
1st person singular	ek	ók		aka	ǿka
2nd person singular	ekr	ókt		akir	ǿkir
3rd person singular	ekr	ók		aki	ǿki
1st person plural	ǫkum	ókum		akim	ǿkim
2nd person plural	akið	ókuð		akið	ǿkið
3rd person plural	aka	óku		aki	ǿki
imperative	present
2nd person singular	ak
1st person plural	ǫkum
2nd person plural	akið

Conjugation of aka — mediopassive (strong class 6)

infinitive	akask
present participle	akandisk
past participle	ekizk
	indicative			subjunctive
	present	past		present	past
1st person singular	ǫkumk	ókumk		ǫkumk	ǿkumk
2nd person singular	eksk	ókzk		akisk	ǿkisk
3rd person singular	eksk	óksk		akisk	ǿkisk
1st person plural	ǫkumsk	ókumsk		akimsk	ǿkimsk
2nd person plural	akizk	ókuzk		akizk	ǿkizk
3rd person plural	akask	ókusk		akisk	ǿkisk
imperative	present
2nd person singular	aksk
1st person plural	ǫkumsk
2nd person plural	akizk

Descendants

• Icelandic: aka
• Faroese: aka
• Norwegian:
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: aka, ake
  • Norwegian Bokmål: ake, åke
• Dalian: aka
  • Elfdalian: åka
• Old Swedish: aka
  • Swedish: åka
• Scanian: aga
• Old Danish: akæ
  • Danish: age
• Gutnish: ake
• → Scots: oag, hoag; aik
• → English: aik (Northern England, Scotland, rare)

Further reading

• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910), “aka”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

Old Swedish

Alternative forms

• ᛆᚴᛆ

Etymology

From Old Norse aka (“to move, to drive”), from Proto-Germanic *akaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ-. Cognates include Latin agō (“to drive”), Ancient Greek ἄγω (ágō, “to lead”) and Sanskrit अजति (ajati, “to drive, propel, cast”).

Verb

aka

1. to drive

Conjugation

Conjugation of aka (strong)

	present				past
infinitive	aka				—
participle	akandi, akande				akin
active voice	indicative	subjunctive	imperative		indicative	subjunctive
iæk	aker	aki, ake	—		ōk	ōki, ōke
þū	aker	aki, ake	ak		ōkt	ōki, ōke
han	aker	aki, ake	—		ōk	ōki, ōke
vīr	akum, akom	akum, akom	akum, akom		ōkum, ōkom	ōkum, ōkom
īr	akin	akin	akin		ōkin	ōkin
þēr	aka	akin	—		ōku, ōko	ōkin
mediopassive voice	indicative	subjunctive	imperative		indicative	subjunctive
iæk	aks	akis, akes	—		ōks	ōkis, ōkes
þū	aks	akis, akes	—		ōkts	ōkis, ōkes
han	aks	akis, akes	—		ōks	ōkis, ōkes
vīr	akums, -oms	akums, akoms	—		ōkums, ōkoms	ōkums, ōkoms
īr	akins	akins	—		ōkins	ōkins
þēr	akas	akins	—		ōkus, ōkos	ōkins

Descendants

• Swedish: åka

Ometepec Nahuatl

Noun

aka

1. reed

Polish

Etymology

Etymology tree

English AKAbor.

Polish aka

Borrowed from English AKA.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈa.ka/
• Rhymes: -aka
• Syllabification: a‧ka

Particle

aka

1. (with pseudonyms) AKA, alias

   Synonyms: alias, vel

Further reading

• “aka”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎^[6] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• “aka”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎^[7] (in Polish)

Pukapukan

Etymology

From Proto-Nuclear Polynesian *aka, from Proto-Polynesian *aka, from Proto-Oceanic *(w)akaʀ, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *(w)akaʀ, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *(w)akaʀ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wakaʀ.

Noun

aka

1. root (of plant)

References

• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*wakaR”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Quechua

Noun

aka

1. feces, excrement

Declension

Declension of aka

	singular	plural
nominative	aka	akakuna
accusative	akata	akakunata
dative	akaman	akakunaman
genitive	akap	akakunap
locative	akapi	akakunapi
terminative	akakama	akakunakama
ablative	akamanta	akakunamanta
instrumental	akawan	akakunawan
comitative	akantin	akakunantin
abessive	akannaq	akakunannaq
comparative	akahina	akakunahina
causative	akarayku	akakunarayku
benefactive	akapaq	akakunapaq
associative	akapura	akakunapura
distributive	akanka	akakunanka
exclusive	akalla	akakunalla

Possessive forms of aka

ñuqap - first-person singular ñuqap (my) singular plural nominative akay akaykuna accusative akayta akaykunata dative akayman akaykunaman genitive akaypa akaykunap locative akaypi akaykunapi terminative akaykama akaykunakama ablative akaymanta akaykunamanta instrumental akaywan akaykunawan comitative akaynintin akaykunantin abessive akayninnaq akaykunannaq comparative akayhina akaykunahina causative akayrayku akaykunarayku benefactive akaypaq akaykunapaq associative akaypura akaykunapura distributive akayninka akaykunanka exclusive akaylla akaykunalla qampa - second-person singular qampa (your) singular plural nominative akayki akaykikuna accusative akaykita akaykikunata dative akaykiman akaykikunaman genitive akaykipa akaykikunap locative akaykipi akaykikunapi terminative akaykikama akaykikunakama ablative akaykimanta akaykikunamanta instrumental akaykiwan akaykikunawan comitative akaykintin akaykikunantin abessive akaykinnaq akaykikunannaq comparative akaykihina akaykikunahina causative akaykirayku akaykikunarayku benefactive akaykipaq akaykikunapaq associative akaykipura akaykikunapura distributive akaykinka akaykikunanka exclusive akaykilla akaykikunalla paypa - third-person singular paypa (his/her/its) singular plural nominative akan akankuna accusative akanta akankunata dative akanman akankunaman genitive akanpa akankunap locative akanpi akankunapi terminative akankama akankunakama ablative akanmanta akankunamanta instrumental akanwan akankunawan comitative akanintin akankunantin abessive akanninnaq akankunannaq comparative akanhina akankunahina causative akanrayku akankunarayku benefactive akanpaq akankunapaq associative akanpura akankunapura distributive akaninka akankunanka exclusive akanlla akankunalla ñuqanchikpa - first-person inclusive plural ñuqanchikpa (our(incl)) singular plural nominative akanchik akanchikkuna accusative akanchikta akanchikkunata dative akanchikman akanchikkunaman genitive akanchikpa akanchikkunap locative akanchikpi akanchikkunapi terminative akanchikkama akanchikkunakama ablative akanchikmanta akanchikkunamanta instrumental akanchikwan akanchikkunawan comitative akanchiknintin akanchikkunantin abessive akanchikninnaq akanchikkunannaq comparative akanchikhina akanchikkunahina causative akanchikrayku akanchikkunarayku benefactive akanchikpaq akanchikkunapaq associative akanchikpura akanchikkunapura distributive akanchikninka akanchikkunanka exclusive akanchiklla akanchikkunalla ñuqaykup - first-person exclusive plural ñuqaykup (our(excl)) singular plural nominative akayku akaykukuna accusative akaykuta akaykukunata dative akaykuman akaykukunaman genitive akaykupa akaykukunap locative akaykupi akaykukunapi terminative akaykukama akaykukunakama ablative akaykumanta akaykukunamanta instrumental akaykuwan akaykukunawan comitative akaykuntin akaykukunantin abessive akaykunnaq akaykukunannaq comparative akaykuhina akaykukunahina causative akaykurayku akaykukunarayku benefactive akaykupaq akaykukunapaq associative akaykupura akaykukunapura distributive akaykunka akaykukunanka exclusive akaykulla akaykukunalla qamkunap - second-person plural qamkunap (your(pl)) singular plural nominative akaykichik akaykichikkuna accusative akaykichikta akaykichikkunata dative akaykichikman akaykichikkunaman genitive akaykichikpa akaykichikkunap locative akaykichikpi akaykichikkunapi terminative akaykichikkama akaykichikkunakama ablative akaykichikmanta akaykichikkunamanta instrumental akaykichikwan akaykichikkunawan comitative akaykichiknintin akaykichikkunantin abessive akaykichikninnaq akaykichikkunannaq comparative akaykichikhina akaykichikkunahina causative akaykichikrayku akaykichikkunarayku benefactive akaykichikpaq akaykichikkunapaq associative akaykichikpura akaykichikkunapura distributive akaykichikninka akaykichikkunanka exclusive akaykichiklla akaykichikkunalla paykunap - third-person plural paykunap (their) singular plural nominative akanku akankukuna accusative akankuta akankukunata dative akankuman akankukunaman genitive akankupa akankukunap locative akankupi akankukunapi terminative akankukama akankukunakama ablative akankumanta akankukunamanta instrumental akankuwan akankukunawan comitative akankuntin akankukunantin abessive akankunnaq akankukunannaq comparative akankuhina akankukunahina causative akankurayku akankukunarayku benefactive akankupaq akankukunapaq associative akankupura akankukunapura distributive akankunka akankukunanka exclusive akankulla akankukunalla

See also

• akay

Rapa Nui

Etymology

From Proto-Eastern Polynesian *aka, from Proto-Nuclear Polynesian *aka, from Proto-Polynesian *aka, from Proto-Oceanic *(w)akaʀ, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *(w)akaʀ, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *(w)akaʀ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wakaʀ. Cognates include Hawaiian aʻa and Māori aka.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈa.ka/
• Hyphenation: a‧ka

Noun

aka

1. root (of plant)

References

• Veronica Du Feu (1996), Rapanui (Descriptive Grammars), Routledge, →ISBN, page 206

Rayón Zoque

Noun

aka

1. shore

References

• Harrison, Roy; B. de Harrison, Margaret; López Juárez, Francisco; Ordoñes, Cosme (1984), Vocabulario zoque de Rayón (Serie de diccionarios y vocabularios indígenas Mariano Silva y Aceves; 28)‎^[8] (in Spanish), México, D.F.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, page 3

Sranan Tongo

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /aka/, [a̠ka̠], [ɑ̟kɑ̟]

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Dutch haak.

Noun

aka

1. hook

Etymology 2

From English hawk.

Noun

aka

1. medium to large bird of prey; hawk, eagle, etc.

Swahili

Etymology

From Proto-Sabaki *-aka, from Proto-Bantu *-jáka. Cognate with Zulu -akha.

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

-aka (infinitive kuaka)

1. to build
2. to fence

Conjugation

Conjugation of -aka
Positive present -naaka Subjunctive -ake Negative -aki Imperative singular aka
Infinitives
Positive kuaka Negative kutoaka
Imperatives
Singular aka Plural akeni
Tensed forms
Habitual huaka Positive past positive subject concord + -liaka Negative past negative subject concord + -kuaka
Positive present (positive subject concord + -naaka) Singular Plural 1st person ninaaka/naaka tunaaka 2nd person unaaka mnaaka 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anaaka wanaaka other classes positive subject concord + -naaka
Negative present (negative subject concord + -aki) Singular Plural 1st person siaki hatuaki 2nd person huaki hamwaki 3rd person m-wa(I/II) haaki hawaaki other classes negative subject concord + -aki
Positive future positive subject concord + -taaka Negative future negative subject concord + -taaka
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -ake) Singular Plural 1st person niake tuake 2nd person uake mwake 3rd person m-wa(I/II) aake waake other classes positive subject concord + -ake
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -siake Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngeaka Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singeaka Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngaliaka Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singaliaka
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -aaka) Singular Plural 1st person naaka twaaka 2nd person waaka mwaaka 3rd person m-wa(I/II) aaka waaka m-mi(III/IV) waaka yaaka ji-ma(V/VI) laaka yaaka ki-vi(VII/VIII) chaaka vyaaka n(IX/X) yaaka zaaka u(XI) waaka see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwaaka pa(XVI) paaka mu(XVIII) mwaaka
Perfect positive subject concord + -meaka "Already" positive subject concord + -meshaaka "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jaaka "If/When" positive subject concord + -kiaka "If not" positive subject concord + -sipoaka Consecutive kaaka / positive subject concord + -kaaka Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kaake
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -niaka -tuaka 2nd person -kuaka -waaka/-kuakeni/-waakeni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mwaka -waaka m-mi(III/IV) -uaka -iaka ji-ma(V/VI) -liaka -yaaka ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kiaka -viaka n(IX/X) -iaka -ziaka u(XI) -uaka see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kuaka pa(XVI) -paaka mu(XVIII) -muaka Reflexive -jiaka
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -aka- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -akaye -akao m-mi(III/IV) -akao -akayo ji-ma(V/VI) -akalo -akayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -akacho -akavyo n(IX/X) -akayo -akazo u(XI) -akao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -akako pa(XVI) -akapo mu(XVIII) -akamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -aka) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yeaka -oaka m-mi(III/IV) -oaka -yoaka ji-ma(V/VI) -loaka -yoaka ki-vi(VII/VIII) -choaka -vyoaka n(IX/X) -yoaka -zoaka u(XI) -oaka see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -koaka pa(XVI) -poaka mu(XVIII) -moaka
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Nominal derivations:
  • mwashi (“mason”)

Tagalog

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ʔaˈka/ [ʔɐˈxa]
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: a‧ka

Interjection

aká (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜃ) (obsolete)

1. alternative form of aha

Further reading

• “aka”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, 2018

Taivoan

Noun

aka

1. older brother or older sister.

Ternate

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈa.ka]

Verb

aka

1. (transitive) to toss, throw

Conjugation

Conjugation of aka

		singular	plural
			inclusive	exclusive
1st person		toaka	foaka	miaka
2nd person		noaka	niaka
3rd person	masculine	oaka	iaka yoaka (archaic)
	feminine	moaka
	neuter	iaka

References

• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001), A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Tokelauan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈa.ka]
• Hyphenation: a‧ka

Etymology 1

From Proto-Nuclear Polynesian *aka, from Proto-Polynesian *aka, from Proto-Oceanic *(w)akaʀ, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *(w)akaʀ, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *(w)akaʀ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wakaʀ. Cognates include Hawaiian aʻa and Samoan a'a.

Noun

aka

1. root

Etymology 2

From Proto-Polynesian *qaka. Cognates include Tuvaluan aka and Samoan a'a.

Noun

aka

1. heel
2. kick

Verb

aka (plural taaka)

1. (intransitive) to kick
2. (transitive) to kick
3. (transitive) to back-heel
4. (transitive, weaving) to weave (a skirt) by holding the weaving string on the foot

References

• R. Simona, editor (1986), Tokelau Dictionary‎^[9], Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 9

Tongan

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *aka, from Proto-Oceanic *(w)akaʀ, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *(w)akaʀ, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *(w)akaʀ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wakaʀ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /a.ka/

Noun

aka

1. root (of plant)
2. East Asian arrowroot (Pueraria montana var. lobata)

Further reading

• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*wakaR”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Torres Strait Creole

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

aka

1. grandmother

Tsonga

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Cognate with Zulu -akha.

Verb

-aka

1. to build, to construct, to erect
2. to inhabit
3. to be ingrained

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

References

(put reference template here)

Turkish

Noun

aka

1. dative singular of ak

Uzbek

Other scripts

Arabic	Afghan Uzbek	اکه
	Yangi Imlo	ئەكە
Cyrillic		ака‍
Latin		aka‍

Alternative forms

• ogʻa

Etymology

Inherited from Chagatai اکا (aka), from Proto-Turkic *āka (“(older) brother”). Compare Uyghur ئاكا (aka), Southern Altai ака (aka), Yakut аҕа (ağa), Tatar агай (ağay), Bashkir ағай (ağay), Kazakh әке (äke), аға (ağa), ағай (ağai), Kyrgyz ага (aga), Turkmen aga, Azerbaijani ağa, Turkish ağa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /aˈka/, [ɐ̆ˈk̟ʰæ]
• Hyphenation: a‧ka

Noun

aka (plural akalar)

1. older brother

Declension

Declension of aka

	singular	plural
nominative	aka	akalar
genitive	akaning	akalarning
dative	akaga	akalarga
definite accusative	akani	akalarni
locative	akada	akalarda
ablative	akadan	akalardan
similative	akadek	akalardek

Possessive forms of aka

1st person singular
	singular	plural
nominative	akam	akalarim
genitive	akamning	akalarimning
dative	akamga	akalarimga
definite accusative	akamni	akalarimni
locative	akamda	akalarimda
ablative	akamdan	akalarimdan
similative	akamdek	akalarimdek
2nd person singular
	singular	plural
nominative	akang	akalaring
genitive	akangning	akalaringning
dative	akangga	akalaringga
definite accusative	akangni	akalaringni
locative	akangda	akalaringda
ablative	akangdan	akalaringdan
similative	akangdek	akalaringdek
3rd person singular
	singular	plural
nominative	akasi	akalari
genitive	akasining	akalarining
dative	akasiga	akalariga
definite accusative	akasini	akalarini
locative	akasida	akalarida
ablative	akasidan	akalaridan
similative	akasidek	akalaridek
1st person plural
	singular	plural
nominative	akamiz	akalarimiz
genitive	akamizning	akalarimizning
dative	akamizga	akalarimizga
definite accusative	akamizni	akalarimizni
locative	akamizda	akalarimizda
ablative	akamizdan	akalarimizdan
similative	akamizdek	akalarimizdek
2nd person plural
	singular	plural
nominative	akangiz	akalaringiz
genitive	akangizning	akalaringizning
dative	akangizga	akalaringizga
definite accusative	akangizni	akalaringizni
locative	akangizda	akalaringizda
ablative	akangizdan	akalaringizdan
similative	akangizdek	akalaringizdek
3rd person plural
	singular	plural
nominative	akasi	akalari
genitive	akasining	akalarining
dative	akasiga	akalariga
definite accusative	akasini	akalarini
locative	akasida	akalarida
ablative	akasidan	akalaridan
similative	akasidek	akalaridek

Related terms

• ogʻayni (“friend”)
• uka (“younger brother”)

Descendants

• → Tajik: ака (aka, “older brother”)

Wauja

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /aˈka/

Interjection

aka

1. ow, ouch (expressing pain, especially sharp pain, or pain at being struck)

   Aka! Tyenho hokota natu.

   Ouch! The knife cut me.

   Aka! Kaupai nutanaka!

   Ow! My back hurts!

   Aka! Ata onuka natu!

   Ouch! That branch hit me.

   Mainyataitsawi. Aka! Aka! Aka! umawi.

   They struck [him] repeatedly. Ow! Ow! Ow! [he] said.

2. oh, oops (expressing startlement, embarrassment, surprise, or shock)

   Aka! Takata nuutsa.

   Oops! I dropped it.

   (literally, “[it] simply fell from me.”)

3. oh, aah (expressing alarm, fright, shock or grief)

   Aka! Pityahoma! Talukene minya aitsu!

   Aah! Run fast, [or] they'll bite us!
   [Said when village dogs were chasing us.]

   Aka! Aminya!

   Oh! Don't [do that]! (Watch out!)

References

• E. Ireland field notes. Need to be checked by native speaker.

Ye'kwana

Variant orthographies

ALIV	aka
Brazilian standard	aka
New Tribes	aca

Alternative forms

• a'ka (Cunucunuma River dialect)

Etymology

From Proto-Cariban *jaka. Synchronically as if suffixed with -ka (“to, at”). Compare Apalaí aka, Hixkaryana yaka, Macushi yapî', and Waiwai yaka.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [aka]

Postposition

aka

1. (Caura River dialect and Brazil) at, in, on, to; indicates a specific location or goal at a non-aquatic object of class 1

Usage notes

A possessed noun that is the object of this postposition does not take the possessed suffix -dü. The postposition can thus combine with nouns referring to body parts and parts of objects to form more complex postpositions/relational nouns.

See also

Ye'kwana primitive postpositions

	generic location	specific location or goal	pathway
object class 1	awö	aka	ai
object class 2	tawö	taka	tai
aquatic object	kwawö	kwaka	kwai

References

• Cáceres, Natalia (2011), “aka”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana‎^[10], Lyon, pages 267–272
• Costa, Isabella Coutinho; Silva, Marcelo Costa da; Rodrigues, Edmilson Magalhães (2021), “aka”, in Portal Japiim: Dicionário Ye'kwana‎^[11], Museu do Índio/FUNAI
• Hall, Katherine Lee (1988), The morphosyntax of discourse in De'kwana Carib, volumes I and II, Saint Louis, Missouri: PhD Thesis, Washington University, page 296: “a'ka 'in, at'”
• Hall, Katherine (2007), “aʔka”, in Mary Ritchie Key & Bernard Comrie, editors, The Intercontinental Dictionary Series‎^[12], Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, published 2021

Yemsa

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

aka

1. water
2. river

References

• R. J. Hayward, Omotic Language Studies →ISBN, 2012), page 116
• The Sound of Indo-european: Phonetics, Phonemics →ISBN, 2012), page 8: Omotic: (North) Yemsa aka id. (Appleyard 2006, 144)

Yoruba

Etymology 1

Proposed to be derived from Proto-Yoruboid *á-ká. Cognate with Igbo aka (“arm/hand”), Nupe ekpá (“shoulder”), Olukumi áká (“shoulder, wing”), Igala íká (“wing”), Itsekiri iká, possibly a Doublet of èjìká. The root is reconstructed to Proto-Niger-Congo *-ka (“hand”), where it is believed to have held the meaning "five." See Defaka ápá as well

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ā.ká/

Noun

aká

1. (Owe, Ekiti, Ondo) arm, branch

   Synonym: apá

Descendants

• Yoruba: ọ̀gụ̀nrụ̀nká (“shoulder”)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ā.kā/

Noun

aká

1. The plant Cynometra mannii in the genus Cynometra

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ā.ká/

Noun

aká

1. a crippled person

   Synonyms: amúkùn-ún, arọ, ẹlẹ́gbà

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /à.ká/

Noun

àká

1. a storage for farm produce, barn, root cellar

   Synonyms: abà, ahéré

Derived terms

• àká-ọ̀rọ̀ (“lexicon”)

Zazaki

Adverb

aka

1. so