Gustavo Petro's tenure as the 34th president of Colombia began with his inauguration on 7 August 2022.[1] Petro, who previously served as mayor of Bogotá, took office after his victory in the 2022 presidential election over the anti-corruption leader Rodolfo Hernández. Petro took office under the political shadow of his predecessor, amid an economic crisis and increased political polarization.
 | |
| Presidency of Gustavo Petro 7 August 2022 – 7 August 2026 | |
Vice President | |
|---|---|
| Cabinet | Full list |
| Party | Humane Colombia |
| Election | 2022 |
| Seat | Casa de Nariño |
 Seal of the president | |
| Official website | |
At the time of his election, Petro was a 62-year-old member of Congress; his victory has been attributed to public anger at the political class over years of corruption in politics, economic recession, the COVID-19 health crisis and a rise in violent crime.[2] The crisis the country was in was caused, among other factors, by the weakness of the prices of raw materials; the events revealed underlying weaknesses in the economy including poor infrastructure, excessive bureaucracy, an inefficient tax system, and corruption.[3]
2022 election
editPetro won the runoff with 50.42% of the vote to Hernández's 47.35%.[4] Petro dominated in Bogotá and regions on Colombia's Caribbean and Pacific coasts,[5] and received over 81% of the vote in the coastal department of Chocó.[6] Due to an increased turnout among his supporters, Petro received nearly 2.7 million more votes in the second round than the first.[7][8] The result was noted for a continuing trend of left-wing victories in Latin America,[9] which has been dubbed as a "new pink tide".[10][11]
Administration and cabinet
editPetro was inaugurated alongside Francia Márquez, the second woman and first Afro-Colombian vice president.[12][13]
On 8 August 2022, after taking office as President of Colombia, Petro announced his pick of José Antonio Ocampo for Minister of Finance and Public Credit, previously holding the same position in Ernesto Samper's cabinet.[14][15]
In April 2023, Petro asked for the resignation of his whole ministerial cabinet to proceed with its restructuring.[16] By June 2023, he had dismissed his Chief of Staff and the ambassador to Venezuela in response to a scandal regarding illegal wiretapping and possible financing irregularities.[17]
Domestic policy
editTaxes
editAfter the failure of the Duque administration's tax reform, the Petro government aimed to create a system where the population with the least economic accessibility would be affected the least.[18] His government has emphasized the importance of reducing taxes for low-income residents and raising them for those with higher incomes.[19] [20]
Energy
editOn 8 September, the Minister of Mines and Energy, Irene Veléz, held a meeting with various unions, mayors, and other stakeholders to discuss a path to stabilizing rising energy costs.[21]
The minister insisted that there is another Colombia that has different yet just as difficult challenges: "It is about the more than five hundred thousand families that still do not have access to energy at the national level."[22]
On 28 October, during his visit to the municipality of Bosconia, César[23] Petro declared a state of National Emergency to allocate the economic resources that remained from the year's budget to face emergencies.[24] "César lives a paradox that focuses on the climate crisis. I said it in my electoral campaign; here you suffer, but this region also produces the chemicals that generate this pollution: coal".[25]
Environment and climate
editOn 7 November 2022, Petro traveled to Egypt with a delegation of 201 people to discuss and rethink solutions for climate change, one of his main banners was saving the Amazon and protecting water, Petro fired at everyone, including technocrats, in a veiled reference to his predecessor, Iván Duque, who was also at the climate summit promoting one of his books.[26] From the summit, he wanted a common fund with other countries such as Brazil, Peru, Venezuela or the United States to protect the Amazon. Colombia, he announced, will allocate 140 million dollars a year for the next 20 years.[27]
For Andrés Santiago Arroyave, an expert on environmental issues, what the president is asking for, beyond what is said in the decalogue, is that the necessary changes be accelerated to achieve the goals of reducing between 30% and 40% of the greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality (countries generating the amount of greenhouse gases they can offset) by 2050.[28]
However, he says that something that can generate resistance is that Petro speaks in terms of changes that must take place now, and is taking away the strength of the transition. "From an environmental perspective, the president's timing is correct; There is no longer a deadline to make less immediate changes. But if you look at it in the context of an economic crisis, recession and war, it's different", says Arroyave.
He thinks that it is very difficult for Colombia to give up the generation of fossil fuels in the short term, it is very complex because it is the main economic support of the country. "As tight as the schedule is to stop the advance of climate change, making an abrupt change in this area is something that the economy does not allow. What we can gain, from Colombia, with the insistence on the urgency of the Petro changes is that Ecopetrol increase efforts for the transition, which is something in which this country has a lot of potential. There is a lot of room to grow in wind power and solar power production," he says.[29]
On 20 January 2023, he traveled to Davos, Switzerland to participate in the World Economic Forum, where at the end of his speech at the Petro he spoke about the intentions of the national government to lead an energy transition that allows the development of other industries, like tourism. In fact, during his presidential campaign he has insisted on the need for this sector to have significant economic empowerment, but for this a pacification plan is needed in the country.[30][31]
From there arose the proposal to implement Total Peace, now understood as a State policy. The president stated that one of the steps to take is to invest in the tourism sector, "we are convinced that, with a strong investment in tourism, given the beauty of the country, and the capacity and potential that the country has in generating clean energy, could perfectly, in a short term, in a transition, fill the gaps that the fossil economy can leave", said the Head of State when closing his speech at the Davos Forum.[32][33][34]
Biodiversity
editAs Colombia is a biodiversity hotspot, the administration planned to "carry out fundamental transformations to face the emergency caused by climate change and the loss of biodiversity".[35] In a speech to the UN, Petro connected the "irrational war on drugs" to the destruction of the rainforest ecosystems, as the eradication of the coca plant through glyphosate or fire causes harm to many other nearby plants and poisons the water in the former case.[36] On 10 January 2023, the National Police of Colombia reduced their target coca eradication goal by 60% for 2023.[37]
In March 2023, Colombia and Bolivia announced a joint petition to remove the coca plant, but not cocaine, from the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, a list of narcotic substances deemed illegal, at the 66th Session of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs in Vienna.[38] In their contribution to the debate Laura Gil Savastano referred to the inclusion of the coca plant in the convention as a historic mistake.[39]
Education
editOn 17 November 2022 during an intervention in Pinillos, Bolívar Petro announced changes in the education sector focusing on secondary school, Petro assured that the country's education system has to make a transition to the model that is managed on the European continent.[40]
The president concluded the announcement by saying that the ideal would be for this model to be implemented in the Los Pinillos school, "to ensure that the best public education in Colombia can be established in the region that had one of the best educations in the times of the origin of the Republic of Colombia".[41][42]
Defense
editOn 17 December, President Gustavo Petro commented to various media outlets that the National Government is contemplating the idea of renewing the fleet of combat aircraft of the Colombian Air Force. According to the president, the announcement corresponds to the renewal of the Kfir aircraft fleet, of Israeli origin and that by next year they would be obsolete, because they have been in operation for more than 30 years, the president quoted in verbatim words. I believe that the wives of the current pilots are going to thank me very much, because in reality it was already dangerous to climb on those devices", said Gustavo Petro in the middle of the promotion ceremony for officers of the Military Forces.[43][44]
Later the Minister of Defense argued in exact words "it is a reality that these planes must be bought and the French planes are the leading proposal. The Dassault Rafale could arrive in 2025 and the old ones would stop leaving service next year, said Velásquez and stated that this decision had been considered for 12 years.[45]
Total peace
editAlready during his campaign for president, Gustavo Petro introduced his ideas for a Total Peace in Colombia, which aims for an all encompassing and lasting peace in Colombia, using a two-pronged strategy of reducing social inequality and expanding upon the policy of peacemeal negotiations with armed groups of his predecessors.[46] This set of policies included a renewal of peace talks with the remaining left- and right-wing armed groups to the Colombian conflict, particularly the ELN, as well as plea-bargaining benefits to paramilitary successor groups, like the AGC and FARC dissidents.[46] On 4 November 2022, Petro signed into law a total peace bill, codifying negotiation conditions with armed groups.[47] Peace talks with the ELN were finally resumed at the end of November 2022, with the first set of meetings taking place in Venezuela, after the restoration of diplomatic contacts between the two countries.[48] In addition to these attempts at peace with armed groups, exploratory talks with violent gangs, like the Shottas and Espartanos were held with government officials that could demobilise up to 2000 gang members.[49] The preliminary truce had already accomplished to prevent any gang-related homicides in Buenaventura in over 100 days.[49] On 1 January 2023, the government obtained a ceasefire agreement with the 5 largest armed groups still operating in Colombia, supposed to be lasting for 6 months.[50] The ELN for its part stated on 3 January 2023 that a mutual ceasefire is only a proposal that needs to be discussed further at an upcoming meeting at the end of January in Mexico, leading to a suspension of the ceasefire from Colombian authorities until such an agreement is reached.[51][52] In the beginning of March 2023, the government announced that talks with the FARC splinter groups were also in its incipient stages, after 19 arrest warrants against the guerrilla were revoked to negotiate a peace deal and the FARC dissidents released 11 captives via mediation of the Catholic Church and the International Committee of the Red Cross.[53] On 2 May, the Colombian government and the ELN met for a third round of talks in Havana, where both sides indicated their openness to a thorough ceasefire agreement, after a clash between the army and the ELN in late March left nine Colombian soldiers dead, threatening to derail the peace process.[54][55] At the beginning of June a major breakthrough in the negotiations between the government and the ELN occurred, leading to a six-month long ceasefire between the two parties, starting from 3 August 2023.[56] The signing ceremony took place on 9 June in Havana, in the presence of Gustavo Petro, the ELN commander Antonio García and the Cuban president Miguel Díaz-Canel.[56] Concomitantly on 2 June, several urban gang leaders, who are currently imprisoned in high-security prisons, announced their readiness to further dialogue with the government negotiation team.[57] A currently proposed law outlines a peace formula for these armed gangs, which provides reparations to victims in exchange for reduced prison sentences for those confessing to crimes and enables gangs to retain 6%, with a cap at $2.7m, of their ill-gotten gains.[57][58]
Aside from these negotiations, the government wants to embark on multiple paths reducing the large social inequality in the country, among them a land redistribution plan and investments in rural infrastructure, benefitting poor rural communities.[49][46] Further the government signalled its intent in investing in education for peace, tolerance and reconciliation.[46]
In 2025, it was reported that less than 20% of the population believed "Total Peace" was successful, with over 70% stating it was "off-course."[59]
National Development Plan
editOn 6 February 2023, Petro announced the details of his four-year development law package, which would invest $247 billion to reduce the percentage of the population living in extreme poverty, redistribute surpluses from fossile energy sources to the renewable energy transition, and institute a land reform to increase the agricultural output, covering nearly 3 million hectares of land to be allotted to poor farmers, if passed.[60]
Health
editOne of his main flags, during his 2022 political campaign, was the importance of restructuring the health sector, one of the areas that affects the most Colombians, on 23 February 2023, the Minister of Health, Carolina Corcho, in which established a series of changes and the role of the EPS as well as the rest of the companies that facilitate Health.[61][62]
Weeks later, the presidents of the parties, Conservative, Liberal and U, Petro's government parties, carried out analyzes of the reform as well as their contributions.[63]
At the end of May the reform passed the lower chamber with the governing majority and some opposition lawmakers voting in favour.[64] Its passage was opposed by many industry lobbying groups, like the National Association of Industrialists (ANDI) and some former Ministers of Health.[64]
In January 2023, on the occaion of the 7th CELAC summit, the foundation of a regional medicine agency, termed Agencia Reguladora de Medicamentos y Dispositivos Médicos de Latinoamérica y el Caribe (AMLAC), was announced to the public.[65] The agency was eventually founded on 27 April 2023, by delegates of Colombia, Mexico and Cuba with 10 other states signalling their intent to join the agency later on.[65] The agency is supposed increase the self-suffiency of the participating states, streamline trade with medicinal products among the countries and harmonise regulations.[65]
Labor
editOn 17 March 2023, the administration of Gustavo Petro filed, the labor reform, which would bring higher night and Sunday surcharges for workers, while it will seek that they be linked through indefinite-term contracts and that companies will be more hard to fire
“The centrality of the reform is job stability. It will guarantee the rights of the nearly 22 million employed persons. We have a text that will allow us to move towards a society that recognizes the importance of labor rights", assured the Minister of Labor, Gloria Inés Ramírez.[66]
The bill, which will have to go through Congress, proposes that Colombians have a 42 hour work week that can be distributed, by mutual agreement, between employer and worker, throughout 5 or 6 days a week. Currently, there is a 48 hour work week, with it scheduled to be lowered to 47 hours in July 2025 in accordance with a 2021 law from the Duque administration which planned to gradually reduce working hours from 48 to 42 between 2023 2026.[citation needed]
In addition, the night shift would not start at 9 at night, but at 6 in the afternoon, and work on Sundays or holidays would now be paid with a surcharge of 100 percent, compared to the current 75 percent.[67]
Cannabis legalization
editMirroring the trend towards legalisation of the cannabis plant in other countries, legislation concerning a legalised and regulated market for cannabis products passed a first hurdle in the Senate in early June 2023 after passing the Chamber of Representatives in early May.[68] Senator María José Pizarro cited reduced crime, health benefits to consumers and approximately $400m in tax revenue as major motivations for the new law.[68] The legislation is opposed by the conservative parties Democratic Center and Conservative Party, who specified health risks and moral reasons for their opposition.[68]
Foreign policy
editUnited Nations
editOn 20 September, Petro addressed himself in his speech before the United Nations General Assembly. Contrary to his two predecessors, Iván Duque and Juan Manuel Santos, the speech was mainly in Spanish. It is expected that around 9:30 am, the Colombian president will begin his speech at the lectern of the UN headquarters, Petro raised the need to create a large common fund to save the Amazon. According to Petro, around US$1,000 million must be contributed worldwide for 20 years to work for the recovery of one of the largest forests in the world. This fund would be managed, according to the Colombian president, through the United Nations, which maintained his position on the war on drugs.[citation needed]
In his speech he said that:
“to destroy the coca plant they throw poisons, glyphosate en masse that runs through the waters, they arrest their growers and imprison them. For destroying or possessing the coca leaf, a million Latin Americans are murdered and two million Afro-Americans are imprisoned in North America. Destroy the plant that kills, they cry from the north, but the plant is just one more plant among the millions that perish when they unleash fire on the jungle.”
pointed to the rich countries and the functioning of contemporary society to be destroying the jungle with their addictions to drugs and consumption. "Which is more poisonous to humanity, cocaine, coal or oil?" she asked.[70]
Americas
editBrazil
editDuring his presidency, Gustavo Petro has maintained a stable relationship with President of Brazil Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva; he has held two bilateral meetings, one of the most important of his administration being the 2023 Amazon Summit that took place on 8 and 9 August and which With the presence of the nine countries that share the Amazon,[71] this summit presented the starting point for the creation of a new agenda for the Amazon Biome based on science, ancestral knowledge, social inclusion and the participation of all stakeholders. that will contribute to the design and implementation of innovative public protection policies for this important ecosystem.[72][73]
Guatemala
editOn 17 January 2023, the Guatemalan prosecutor's office ordered the capture of Iván Velásquez, Minister of Defense who had previously served as Head of the International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala, and who allegedly carried out and disclosed information on investigations against corruption carried out at various Central Americans presidents.[74][75]
Petro assured that they will defend Iván Velásquez, Minister of Defense, in light of the accusations made against him by the Public Ministry of Guatemala. He warned that the actions taken could jeopardize diplomatic relations between the two countries.
Velásquez served in that country as head of the International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala until the beginning of 2019 when he was expelled by President Jimmy Morales, along with other investigators. During his tenure, more than 70 criminal structures were dismantled and more than 600 prosecuted. The most prominent was the one known as La Línea, whose investigation led President Otto Pérez Molina and Vice President Roxana Baldetti to prison.
According to President Petro, it was these investigations that are now persecuting the current Minister of National Defense. Like any person who fights against corruption, who takes a vanguard role, and Iván Velásquez did so when he was appointed to the United Nations independent judicial commission to destroy the impunity that dominated, and still dominates, the Republic of Guatemala. because now he is persecuted by that type of interest that touched, said the Colombian president.[76]
Petro pointed out that, contrary to what the Public Ministry now affirms, Iván Velásquez caused a rupture of the powerful and corrupt interests of that country to "discover ways of greater transparency, where they can truly be the owners of power and not the criminals.[77][78]
Nicaragua
editIn April 2022, the ICJ issued a ruling that declared in its title that Colombia violated the sovereign rights of Nicaragua. The ruling demanded that Colombia "immediately cease" fishing activities in Nicaraguan territory, something that the government of Daniel Ortega celebrated.[79][80]
Nicaragua asserts that from its coasts there is an uninterrupted natural prolongation of the continent that extends beyond its 200 nautical miles. It argues that this gives it the right to increase its platform, despite the fact that it overlaps with the 200 nautical miles that correspond to Colombia from its continental coasts. At the center of the claim are gas and oil from the seafloor.[81][82] Colombia alleges that it has never ratified the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which recognizes continental shelves. Nicaragua responds that their claims are also recognized in customary law, based on legal customs of the States that are accepted as binding. However, Colombia asserts that this is not true, since customary law refers to general principles and not to the technicalities of the delimitation of territories.[83][84]
Days later,[when?] the Government of Colombia, through a statement made by the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Álvaro Leyva, responded "We were programming the sending of the Colombian ambassador to Managua, but I understand that they are not liking the last position".[85][86] He assured that Colombia's position has always been to ensure human rights, "That's why we wanted to go there, so that it could get on the wagon of the new politics and geopolitics that is being designed in the American continent."[87] Meanwhile, the foreign minister in the conversation spoke about an end to the relationship with Nicaragua, "for now, it seems that they are suspended."[88]
On 28 September 2022, Colombia's ambassador to the Organization of American States, Luis Ernesto Vargas, declared that he would condemn human rights violations in Nicaragua when necessary, but that he would prioritize the integration of the countries in the region.[89]
United States
edit
On 20 April 2023, he met with the president of the United States, Joe Biden, at the White House,[90] where topics such as decarbonization, the construction of a green economy in America, and electrical transmission at the continental level were discussed. payment of foreign debt through actions against climate change.[91]
Among the conclusions, the United States promised an investment of US$500 million for the Amazon Fund, as part of the efforts of the two nations to face climate change. With this contribution, the United States would be one of the largest donors to this international conservation program, which was established during the previous term of President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva to protect the Amazon rainforest from deforestation.[92][93]
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Later he had a meeting with the former Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, Nancy Pelosi,[94] where he reiterated the need for United States support for the agrarian reform proposed by the administration.[95][96]
Venezuela
editAs of 2019[update], before assuming the presidency, Petro had an ambiguous position on Venezuela under Hugo Chávez and Nicolás Maduro.[97] While he has not denounced its human rights violations or described Maduro as a dictator, unlike Iván Duque, he also has not expressed unrestricted support, unlike Evo Morales.[98]
Petro had met Chávez in 1994, on Seventh Street in Bogotá, after inviting the latter to come to Colombia to learn more about the new Political Constitution of 1991. At the Bridge of Boyacá, both "swore an oath of Bolivarian integration for Latin America".[99] After Chávez's death in 2013, Petro affirmed that he was a "great Latin American leader", saying: "You lived in Chávez's times and maybe you thought he was a clown. You were fooled. You lived in the times of a great Latin American leader". He also expressed: "Even if many do not like him, Hugo Chávez will be a man who will be remembered by the history of Latin America, his critics will be forgotten", "a friend and a hope is gone".[98]
In 2016, Petro ironized about the crisis in Venezuela, in a year when shortages and malnutrition were rampant, by posting a photo of a supermarket with full shelves on Twitter and saying, "I went into a supermarket in Caracas and look what I found. Did RCN fool me?".[98] In a 2018 interview in Al Punto, Mexican journalist Jorge Ramos asked Petro if he considered Chávez as a political leader, to which Petro answered that he believed that "he was popularly elected", but that authoritarianism in Venezuela under Maduro was putting an end to all freedoms.[100]
In 2019, Petro criticized the idea of an American military intervention against Maduro's regime, stating that "only Venezuelans should solve Venezuela's problems", that "it's not a coup d'état backed by foreigners that will bring democracy to Venezuela", and that "what is happening in Venezuela is a frontal struggle for the control of oil".[97] In 2020, Petro claimed that if Colombia reestablished diplomatic relations, cut off by Maduro, and sold food to Venezuela, Venezuelan immigration would cease.[101]
In response to Maduro's attack of him and president of Chile Gabriel Boric as well as president of Peru Pedro Castillo, describing them as a "cowardly left wing" attacking the Bolivarian Revolution in February 2022, Petro responded on social media saying "I suggest Maduro to stop his insults. Cowards are those who do not embrace democracy", adding, "Get Venezuela out of oil, take it to the deepest democracy, if you must step aside, do it".[98]
Following the results of the second round of the 2022 presidential elections in Colombia, Maduro congratulated Petro on his victory, saying "I congratulate Gustavo Petro and Francia Márquez, for the historic victory in the presidential elections in Colombia. The will of the Colombian people was heard, who came out to defend the path of democracy and peace. New times are on the horizon for this brother country".[98]
On 26 August 2022, Petro asks his ambassador in Venezuela to establish ties with the neighboring country. The call was made during the act of possession.[102]
"Ambassador, go and see how Colombia's house is, over there," Petro said. "There are 16 consulates that have to be filled, we have talked about people with diplomatic careers, all of them, the 16. We have to repair the damage to the houses and the damage to the hearts. The first one. So that no one ever thinks of entering Venezuela and Colombia there has to be a conflict, a war or something like that"
"Today I take office before President Petro Gustavo as Colombian ambassador to Venezuela. We will work to normalize relations between two sister countries. Trade, border security and fraternal ties with our neighbor will be a priority," he commented on Twitter.[104] Benedetti has assured that one of his first objectives as ambassador in Venezuela will be to promote commercial exchange between neighboring nations, which will especially benefit the inhabitants of the border.[105]
In an August 2022 interview with the Colombian magazine Semana, Petro stated that he would only recognize Nicolás Maduro as Venezuelan president, and that the partially recognized interim president of Venezuela, Juan Guaidó, was a "non-existent" president, and that Guaidó had no control over the country.[106][107] Guaidó reproached the lack of recognition of his interim government, and responded in a press conference: "I would have expected that his first decision would not have been to approach one who today shelters world terrorism in Venezuela".[108]
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In October 2022, Petro claimed that the number of migrants returning to Venezuela at that time outnumbered those leaving the country, arguing that there were more Colombian migrants entering Venezuela than Venezuelans entering Colombia.[109][110]
On 1 November 2022 the President of the Republic, Gustavo Petro, arrived in Caracas on an official visit to Venezuela,[111] where he met with Nicolás Maduro.[112] Petro arrived at the Maiquetía airport, where he was received by the Vice President of Venezuela, Delcy Rodríguez. He immediately went to Caracas and, upon arriving at the Miraflores Palace, seat of the Presidency, President Maduro was waiting for him at the main door.[113] At the presidential headquarters, the Parada Group formed a street of honor to welcome the Colombian President. Next, the presidents reviewed the detachment and the Orchestra of the National System of Youth and Children's Orchestras and Choirs of Venezuela presented a cultural sample.[citation needed] The presidents will have a private meeting and later, in the Ayacucho room of the Miraflores Palace, a meeting of the delegations will be held, in which issues such as the opening of the border, trade, Latin American democracy and the entry of Venezuela will be addressed. to the Inter-American Human Rights System.[114] The Colombian Head of State traveled accompanied by the Chief of Staff, Laura Sarabia, the Minister of Foreign Relations, Álvaro Leyva the Ambassador of Colombia in Venezuela, Armando Benedetti the Ambassador of Venezuela in Colombia, Félix Plasencia, and the Ambassador of Colombia to the Organization of American States, Luis Ernesto Vargas.[115][116]
In February 2023, Gustavo Petro and Nicolás Maduro signed a bilateral trade agreement at the Tienditas International Bridge.[117] The agreement concerns topics like tariffs as well as investment and trade conditions.[117]
Petro announced that Colombia would host an international conference to discuss the crisis in Venezuela in 2023. On the eve of the conference, Guaidó was expelled from Colombia after entering the country. After initially considering deporting him back to Venezuela, Guaidó eventually traveled to the United States. The conference took place in April with 20 countries in attendance but without that of any Venezuelan representation. It concluded with very few results, although it came to three conclusions: the need for an electoral schedule to be established in Venezuela, that the agreements between chavismo and the opposition be accompanied by the lifting of sanctions, and that the resumption of the dialogue process in Mexico go in parallel with the creation of a fund for social investment in the country, as agreed in November 2023.[118][119][120]
Asia
editEurope
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France
editOn 22 June 2023, Gustavo Petro held a bilateral with the President of France, Emmanuel Macron. In this meeting, President Gustavo Petro reiterated his proposal that public debt should be exchanged for climate action. Already on the morning of this Thursday, the president presented this thesis before the Summit for a New World Financial Pact.
Germany
edit
On 14 June 2023, President Petro arrived in Germany to hold a diplomatic meeting with the Federal President of Germany Frank-Walter Steinmeier,[122] the German Chancellor Olaf Scholz[123] members of the German Parliament, as well as a meeting with presidents of different gas production companies, energy, infrastructure, steel, telecommunications and other areas, among the topics to be discussed were the transition to clean energy, production and use of hydrogen in Colombia, technology and innovation.[124]
Portugal
editAfter his state visit to Spain, Petro arrived in Portugal,[125] to meet with Antonio Costa,[126] Prime Minister of Portugal and later with Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, President of Portugal,[127] this to strengthen the bilateral relationship and the ties of friendship and cooperation between the two countries.[128]
Spain
edit
On 2 May 2023 he made his first official state visit to Spain,[129] in the company of his wife, the first lady, Verónica Alcocer,[130] and some members of the cabinet, including the Minister of Foreign Affairs Álvaro Leyva, the Colombian ambassador to Spain, Eduardo Ávila, the Chief of Staff, Laura Sarabia, and the Ministers of Mines and Energy, Irene Vélez, of Commerce, Industry and Tourism, Germán Umaña, and of Education, Aurora Vergara.[131]
Among the fundamental issues, they highlighted the mitigation of climate change, energy transition, investment and migration.[132] In addition to highlighting the historical relations with Spain, this visit took on a special character since Spain will receive the presidency of the Council of the European Union in the middle of the year.[133][134]
Switzerland
editOn Thursday, 10 August 2023, he received the President of Switzerland, Alain Berset, at the Casa de Nariño, where they signed an agreement in order to safeguard the fund, a digital copy of the documentary collection of the Commission for the Clarification of the Truth in Swiss. Agreement that had been approved by the Swiss Government on 21 July 2023.[135][136]
International trips
edit2022
edit| Country | City | Date | Main purpose – Activity | Photo |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 Peru Peru |
Lima | 29 August |
|
2023
edit| Country | City | Date | Main purpose – Activity | Photo |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 Brazil Brazil |
Brasília | 1 January |
|
|
 Venezuela Venezuela |
Caracas | 7 January |
|
|
 Chile Chile |
Santiago | 9–10 January |
|
|
 Switzerland Switzerland |
Davos | 16–20 January |
|
|
 France France |
Toulouse | 20 January |
|
 |
 Argentina Argentina |
Buenos Aires | 24 January |
|
 |
 Ecuador Ecuador |
Quito | 31 January |
|
 |
 United States United States |
Washington, D.C. | 23 April |  | |
 Spain Spain |
Madrid | 4 May |
|
|
 Portugal Portugal |
Lisbon | 6 May |
|
 |
| Brazil Brazil |
Brasília | 30 May |
|
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 Cuba Cuba |
Havana | 9 June |
|
|
 Germany Germany |
Berlin | 14 June |
|
|
| France France |
Paris | 22 June |
|
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 Belgium Belgium |
Brussels | 14–18 July |
|
 |
| Brazil Brazil |
Belém | 7–9 August |
|
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 Costa Rica Costa Rica |
San José | 28–30 August |
|
 |
| Chile Chile |
Santiago | 10–12 September |
|
 |
| Cuba Cuba |
Havana | 15–16 August |
|
 |
| United States United States |
New York | 17–20 September |
|
 |
 Mexico Mexico |
Chiapas | 21–23 October |
|
 |
 China China |
Beijing | 24–26 October |
|
 |
| United States United States |
Washington | 3 November 2023 |
|
 |
| San Francisco | 16–17 November 2023 |
|
 | |
| Venezuela Venezuela |
Caracas | 18 November 2023 |
|
 |
| Ecuador Ecuador |
Quito | 24 November 2023 |
|
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 United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates |
Dubai | 29 November – 5 December 2023 |
|
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2024
edit| Country | City | Date | Main purpose – Activity | Photo |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Venezuela Venezuela |
Caracas | 7 January 2024 |
|
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 Guatemala Guatemala |
Guatemala City | 14 January 2024 |
|
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| Switzerland Switzerland |
Davos | 15–17 January 2024 |
|
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 Vatican City Vatican City |
Vatican City | 18 January 2024 |
|
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| Germany Germany |
Munich | 16 February 2024 |
|
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 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |
Kingstown | 1 March 2024 |
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| Venezuela Venezuela |
Caracas | 9 April |
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Controversies
editAllegations against Petro's relatives
editIn March 2023, revelations emerged from Nicolás Petro Burgos's ex-wife, the president's eldest son, concerning alleged unreported receipts of money that could constitute illicit enrichment. President Petro published a letter asking prosecutor Francisco Barbosa to investigate his son "to the fullest extent" and also his brother Juan Fernando Petro, who has been mentioned in an alleged bribery case to receive benefits from the Total Peace law.[206]
In July 2023, Nicolás Petro Burgos was arrested along with his ex-wife Day Vásquez for the crimes of money laundering and illicit enrichment. Petro Burgos declared to the Prosecutor's Office that irregular money had indeed entered Gustavo Petro's presidential campaign.[207]
Laura Sarabia case
editThe Laura Sarabia case was a political scandal in Colombia that occurred during Petro's government. In this case, several people were investigated, including then Chief of Staff Laura Sarabia, for alleged abuse of authority in supposedly ordering a polygraph test to be administered to her son Marelbys Meza's nanny. Security personnel from the presidential house are likewise under investigation for allegedly having carried out illegal wiretaps on Meza and another woman. The conduct and statements of Armando Benedetti are also under investigation, from which insinuations arose of irregular financing in Petro's presidential campaign.[208]
The case began in May 2023 when the magazine Semana published on its cover the photograph of Marelbys Meza, a person previously unknown to public opinion who identified herself as the nanny of the son of the then Chief of Staff, Laura Sarabia. In that article, Meza stated that she had been subjected to a polygraph test by the security services of the Casa de Nariño to answer for the loss of around seven thousand dollars in cash that had apparently been taken from a suitcase located at Laura Sarabia's residence and which, according to Sarabia, was part of the travel expenses she received for her trips abroad.[209] Weeks earlier, Sarabia had mentioned the theft case in an interview with the newspaper El Tiempo.[210] Meza failed the polygraph test; however, it is a voluntary test and cannot be used as judicial evidence. What caused the greatest controversy, though, was the fact that state security services were used to administer a test to a person employed outside those services.[211]
After publication of that article, journalist Daniel Coronell revealed in his W Radio report that Meza had been recommended to work for Sarabia by the then ambassador to Venezuela, Armando Benedetti, who had also recommended Sarabia within Gustavo Petro's circle, since she had been part of his Legislative Work Unit (UTL). It also became known that Meza had previously failed a polygraph test when she worked for Benedetti as a nanny years earlier because of the loss of other money. It also emerged that days before Semana's publication, Benedetti had asked Meza to travel to Venezuela to meet with him, taking her on a private flight. Benedetti had expressed his displeasure at not receiving a high office in the government and had a grudge against Sarabia for not following his instructions.[211]
After these events, the Attorney General's Office published an investigation on 1 June 2023 as a result of a complaint filed by Marelbys Meza, former nanny of then Chief of Staff Laura Sarabia, and then Colombian ambassador to Venezuela Armando Benedetti,[212] in which it said it had discovered that Meza's cell phone had been illegally wiretapped since 30 January of that year. Meza had filed the complaint after accusing Sarabia of using a polygraph test against her at the Casa de Nariño,[213] after Meza had allegedly committed a theft of money at Sarabia's residence.[214][215]
As a result of the scandal, Petro requested the resignation of both Sarabia and Benedetti on 3 June, in order, as he declared, "so that from the power implied by those posts there can be not even the suspicion that the investigation processes will be altered".[213]
Days later, the cleaning employee at Sarabia's house also claimed to have been illegally wiretapped. By 24 June 2023, four people had said they had been illegally wiretapped, including Meza herself,[216] all cases in which Gustavo Petro has said that neither he nor the national government are involved.[217][218]
Colonel Óscar Dávila, head of an office in the DIAN building, part of the security apparatus of the President of the Republic and involved in the case, participated in a Prosecutor's Office inspection of the office on 7 June 2023. Dávila was found dead two days later, on 9 June, under strange circumstances.[219] His autopsy concluded that Dávila died by suicide,[220] although what may have motivated him to take his own life is still unknown.[221][222]
Events
editUse of polygraph against Marelbys Meza
editOn 30 January 2023, Marelbys Meza, nanny of Laura Sarabia (then Chief of Staff), was subjected to a polygraph test at the Casa de Nariño after being accused of having stolen an undetermined amount of money, initially said not to exceed $7 thousand USD.[214][223] The test was voluntary and had no evidentiary value in legal proceedings, although Meza later said she had been pressured into signing the authorization document for the test and that she "felt kidnapped" during it.[224]
Meza filed a complaint against Sarabia that became public on 27 May 2023. That day, an interview with Meza by the magazine Semana was published, in which she said she felt distressed and threatened by Sarabia and by the way she said she had been treated by the authorities, including that a police officer on the scene had said the amount stolen was $150 million COP ($33 thousand USD at the time).[225]
Wiretapping report
editOn 1 June 2023, the Attorney General's Office published an investigation carried out after Meza had filed her complaint, in which it said that Meza and another woman named Fabiola had been wiretapped (intercepted by telephone) by the Dijín for at least 10 days. To do this, the Dijín had allegedly falsified a judicial police report that presented the nannies as members of the Clan del Golfo, under the aliases La cocinera for Meza, and La madrina for Fabiola.[226] During the presentation of the report, charges against members of the Dijín were also announced, and both Sarabia and then Colombian ambassador to Venezuela Armando Benedetti were summoned for questioning.[227]
Caracol Radio reported that a judicial analyst said a prosecutor had later received authorization to permit the interceptions on 26 January of that year, with interception of both phones beginning on the 30th of that same month, the same day the polygraph test was allegedly conducted. Seventy-two hours later, that analyst had allegedly requested that the interceptions be stopped, asserting that the way they were being used did not correspond to the reasons given for initiating them.[228]
The magazine Cambio reported that an intelligence analyst, ten days after 26 January, had realized that the interceptions of both numbers contained records of daily activities corresponding to a woman living in southern Bogotá who had nothing to do with the Clan del Golfo, and that woman turned out to be Meza.[229]
Reactions
editMeza's complaint
editAfter learning of the complaint about the use of the polygraph, prior to the public release of the Prosecutor's Office investigation into the case, the national government commented on it, asserting that all procedures established by law had been followed, including the filing of a complaint against Meza by Sarabia the day before the polygraph was used, and denying that any abuse of power had occurred. President Gustavo Petro described the matter as a "lie" on his Twitter account.[225]
Attorney General Francisco Barbosa, when presenting the findings of the investigation, compared them with the wiretapping scandal of the government of Álvaro Uribe. His statements were controversial, since, critics said, they "compared a smaller-scale event with an event of national political persecution".[230]
Federico Gutiérrez, former candidate in the 2022 Colombian presidential election, wrote a column in Semana expressing concern about what he described as "a crisis of Colombian institutions", voicing fear over the possibility that "Petro has wiretapped us [the opposition]".[231][232]
Senator Clara López became involved in a controversy after a statement on the scandal in which, while trying to show why she believed the case was being exaggerated, she referred to Meza as a "servant". López later apologized for the remarks.[233]
Thierry Ways, columnist for El Tiempo, wrote an opinion article expressing concern over what this case would imply, arguing that "if even a private nanny, who is not a recognized figure or the subject of an investigation, can be wiretapped, who is safe from being wiretapped in Colombia?", in response to López's statements.[234]
Death of Óscar Dávila
editGustavo Petro commented on the death of Óscar Dávila, asserting that he had committed suicide.[235] Petro commented again a few days later, this time regarding the Prosecutor's Office autopsy of Dávila concluding that he had indeed died by suicide, asserting that the report "disproved the insinuations that it was a murder", that "communications were not intercepted, nor were human rights violated, and there is nothing to hide".[222] He added that he personally was not "implicated in any way in the matter".[236]
Miguel Ángel del Río, Dávila's lawyer, commented after publication of the autopsy. Del Río asserted that this was a case of "suicide of opportunity", that is, according to Del Río, Dávila had been pressured by an external agent into committing suicide, with Del Río describing that "external agent" as "an alleged Prosecutor's Office official".[221]
Paloma Valencia, senator for the Democratic Centre party, said that "the problem here is not whether it was a murder or a suicide, the problem is that there was a dead person", referring to the fact that the death occurred after various details of the scandal had come to public light.[237] María Fernanda Cabal, senator from the same party, made similar statements, additionally linking the scandal to a controversy during the 2022 presidential election in which two people associated with the Historic Pact (Petro's coalition) visited the prison La Picota.[238]
Allegations of political motivation
editThe scandal has been alleged of being a smokescreen to divert attention from Salvatore Mancuso's accusations before the Special Jurisdiction for Peace (JEP) against numerous political, military and business figures participating in the framework of the Colombian armed conflict, specifically developments in the 1990s and 2000s, allegedly aiming to "destabilize Petro's government".[239]
Catalina Rojano of the newspaper El Heraldo, in an opinion column, criticized the massive coverage of the scandal in Colombian media in comparison with Mancuso's statements. Rojano said verbatim:[212]
That the case involving the former Chief of Staff of the national government and the former Colombian ambassador to Venezuela is extremely controversial does not mean it should be treated and described as the most relevant matter before public opinion. What Mancuso said before the Special Jurisdiction for Peace (JEP) must not be lost from sight, because ignoring that truth that muddies so many means we are a society indulgent toward horrific crimes that should never happen again; a society indifferent to a painful reality that must not be erased from our history, but investigated, precisely so that it does not happen again.
Gustavo Petro himself has said that the scandal is part of an orchestrated process intended to "carry out a soft coup" against his government.[240] Different political figures from more than 20 countries, such as Rafael Correa, Noam Chomsky, Jeremy Corbyn, Ada Colau, José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero and former Colombian president Ernesto Samper, signed a letter in which, although the case was not directly mentioned, it was asserted that "the power of the country's regulatory and judicial agencies is being used to halt [the Petro government's] reforms, intimidate its supporters and defame it internationally", also mentioning Attorney General Francisco Barbosa, saying that he, יחד with the Inspector General Margarita Cabello Blanco, "are actively [targeting] members of the Historic Pact with investigations that could result in suspension or dismissal".[241]
Semanario Voz, newspaper of the Colombian Communist Party, described the scandal as an "attempt to destabilize Petro's government", comparing media coverage of the scandal with the way Nazi propaganda worked, stating verbatim:[239]
The game [referring to the scandal] is completed with the Nazi principle of orchestration, when the media themselves reproduce politicians' statements, invite "erudite" analysts who warn of a "serious crisis" without specifying what it consists of, and publish polls in which the president and the Government see their support among citizens diminished. [...] Here what matters is implanting a perception, not giving it content or explanation.
On 29 May 2023, Gustavo Petro stated on his Twitter account: "Look at my astonishment because there was no in-depth media coverage of what Mancuso's confessions meant. [sic]", in response to a post by Vicky Dávila (director of Semana magazine) about how W Radio had not covered the scandal. Dávila responded to Petro's statements, emphasizing that Mancuso's accusations had received coverage in Colombian media and accusing Petro of hypocrisy regarding the scandal.[242]
Corruption scandal in the UNGRD
edit_Carlos_Carrillo_en_11-03-2024_02.jpg)
The corruption scandal in the National Unit for Disaster Risk Management (UNGRD), which came to light in 2024, involves a network of bribery and malpractice in the awarding of contracts, seriously affecting the management of public resources during Gustavo Petro's government. This case has been described as one of the largest of the government.[243]
The scandal initially came to light around the acquisition and management of tanker trucks in La Guajira intended to distribute drinking water in this region, which faces a serious water crisis. The UNGRD bought these tanker trucks for a price that, according to complaints, was significantly inflated, reaching overcosts of up to double their real value. It is estimated that 725 million pesos were paid for each vehicle, although their cost should have been around 350 million.[244]
The scandal revolves not only around the overpricing but also alleged acts of corruption, such as document forgery and the payment of bribes. Key officials, such as former UNGRD director Olmedo López and his deputy, Sneyder Pinilla, were accused of participating in corrupt arrangements. They are accused of awarding contracts directly in exchange for political support in Congress.[245]
It has also been alleged that part of the money that was supposed to improve water distribution ended up in the hands of congress members, which has escalated the investigation toward senior government and legislative officials.[246] In the midst of the process, the UNGRD has opened new tenders in an attempt to regain the confidence of the insurance sector and ensure that the tanker trucks finally fulfill their function.[244]
Among the key elements of the case are evidence including telephone interceptions, testimonies and documents showing how companies without technical or financial capacity benefited from multimillion contracts, some of which were related to money laundering. The investigation has expanded to high-level officials, among them the president of the Senate, Iván Name, and other members of Congress who allegedly received part of these bribes.[247]
Residence of Carlos Ramón González in Nicaragua
editIn August 2025, it was revealed that Carlos Ramón González, former director of the DAPRE and former intelligence chief, close to President Petro and currently under investigation for corruption linked to the National Unit for Disaster Risk Management (UNGRD), had allegedly resided in Managua since November 2024. Leaked documents show that the Colombian embassy in Nicaragua requested the renewal of his residency on 21 May 2025, the same day the Prosecutor's Office charged him with bribery and embezzlement.[248]
The Foreign Ministry and President Petro denied having authorized this procedure or having formal knowledge of it, and announced an internal disciplinary investigation. Petro also officially requested that the Nicaraguan government hand González over if it was confirmed that he was a resident, and stated that "I do not protect them either", during a Council of Ministers meeting.[249]
Campaign financing
edit
The alleged irregular financing of the campaign of Gustavo Petro, president of Colombia, was a matter of controversy for several months, generating investigations and accusations.
Context
editThe scandal arose when Nicolás Petro, son of President Gustavo Petro, was accused of receiving money from businesspeople during the 2022 presidential campaign, money that, according to the accusations, was not officially reported in the campaign's accounts. Nicolás Petro was detained at the end of July 2023 along with his ex-wife Day Vásquez on charges of money laundering and illicit enrichment, within the framework of an investigation that sought to clarify whether these illicit funds had been used to finance the campaign.[250] Colombia's National Electoral Council (CNE) brought charges against Gustavo Petro's presidential campaign for alleged irregularities in its financing during the 2022 elections. These allegations were related to the possible receipt of undeclared resources or resources from sources prohibited by Colombian electoral law, which would violate political campaign financing rules.[251]
Key allegations
edit- Money of illicit origin: According to Day Vásquez's statements, Nicolás Petro allegedly received money from drug traffickers and businesspeople, including former drug trafficker Samuel Santander Lopesierra (alias the "Marlboro Man") and businessman Alfonso "el Turco" Hilsaca. She alleged that the money was not used in full for Gustavo Petro's campaign, but that part of these funds were used by Nicolás Petro for personal benefit.[252]
- Alleged irregular financing: The accusations center on the possible lack of transparency in Petro's campaign financing. Although Nicolás Petro admitted having received money, he stated that those resources did not go to his father's campaign, but that he used them for other personal purposes.[253]
- CNE: The investigation arises from complaints alleging that Petro's campaign may have received money from contracts awarded by public entities, which would be illegal.[254] Specifically, it has been mentioned that resources from the government of President Iván Duque, which was in office during that period, may have been used, raising the possibility that public funds were diverted for electoral purposes. It has also been questioned whether all campaign income and expenses were properly reported, as required by law.[255]
Petro's response
editPresident Petro has denied any knowledge of or participation in these events. He stated that he was not aware of his son's actions and that he would not allow his government to be stained by acts of corruption. He also emphasized that his campaign was managed transparently and that he would support the investigations to clarify the facts. After the CNE opened proceedings against Petro, he accused the body of the "beginning of a coup d'etat", since it was violating presidential immunity and what it was seeking was "to bring him down".[256]
Notes
editReferences
edit- ↑ Turkewitz, Julie (21 June 2022). "Gustavo Petro Makes History in Presidential Victory". The New York Times. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
- ↑ "Leftist Petro elected president of Colombia, defeating millionaire Hernandez". france24.com. 20 June 2022. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
- ↑ Velásquez Loaiza, Melissa (7 August 2022). "Quién es Gustavo Petro, el presidente electo de Colombia que alcanzó más de 11 millones de votos" [Who is Gustavo Petro, the president-elect of Colombia who received more than 11 million votes]. cnnespañol.cnn.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 September 2022.
- ↑ "En la segunda vuelta presidencial del 2022 se registró la abstención más baja de los últimos 24 años" [The lowest abstention rate in the last 24 years was recorded in the 2022 presidential runoff]. National Register of Colombia. 21 June 2022. Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
- ↑ Marsh, Aygen (21 June 2022). "Where Did The 2.7 Million New Votes For Gustavo Petro Come From Colombia's Presidential Election". Amico Hoops. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
- ↑ Guzmán, Sergio (21 June 2022). "Key Takeaways from Colombia's Presidential Elections". theglobalamericans.org. Retrieved 23 June 2022.
- ↑ Marsh, Aygen (21 June 2022). "Where Did The 2.7 Million New Votes For Gustavo Petro Come From Colombia's Presidential Election". amichoops.net. Retrieved 26 March 2023.
- ↑ Galindo, Jorge (20 June 2022). "How Colombia shifted to the left". elpaís.com. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
- ↑ Shifter, Michael; Guzmán, Sergio; Velez de Berliner, Maria; Dickinson, Elizabeth; Carlsen, Laura; Molina, Marco; Dimitroff, Sashe (21 January 2022). "What Will Petro's Presidency Mean for Colombia?". thedialogue.org. Retrieved 26 March 2023.
- ↑ Araujo, Gabriel; Vargas, Carlos; Woodford, Isabel (22 June 2022). "Latin America's new 'pink tide' gains pace as Colombia shifts left; Brazil up next". Reuters. Retrieved 23 June 2022.
- ↑ Garavito, Tatiana; Thanki, Nathan (23 June 2022). "Colombia's shift to the left: A new 'pink tide' in Latin America?". al jazeera.com. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
- ↑ "Francia Márquez, la primera vicepresidenta afro de Colombia" [Francia Márquez, Colombia's first Afro vice president]. Los Angeles Times. 20 June 2022. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ↑ "Francia Márquez, primera vicepresidenta afro de Colombia, todo un hito" [Francia Márquez, Colombia's first Afro vice president, a milestone]. efeminista.com. 8 August 2022. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ↑ "Petro designa al ministro de Hacienda del nuevo gobierno en Colombia" [Petro appoints the finance minister of the new government in Colombia]. presa-latina.cu. 30 June 2022. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ↑ "Gustavo Petro anuncia que José Antonio Ocampo será el ministro de Hacienda en su gobierno" [Gustavo Petro announces that José Antonio Ocampo will be the finance minister in his government]. cnnespañol.cnn.com. 30 June 2022. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ↑ Lewin, Juan Esteban (26 April 2023). "Petro pide la renuncia de todo su gabinete para remodelarlo" [Petro asks his entire cabinet to resign in order to reshuffle it]. elpais.com. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
- ↑ "Petro echa a su jefa de Gabinete y al embajador en Caracas para atajar un escándalo" [Petro dismisses his chief of staff and ambassador in Caracas to contain a scandal]. elmundo.es. 2 June 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
- ↑ "Gustavo Petro propone que los ricos paguen más" [Gustavo Petro proposes that the rich pay more]. portafolio.co. 30 November 2021. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
- ↑ "Reforma tributaria del gobierno Petro subiría 200 % los impuestos para los más ricos, según Bloomberg" [Petro government's tax reform would raise taxes by 200% for the richest, according to Bloomberg]. semana.com. 22 August 2022. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
- ↑ "Quiénes serán los ricos que deberán pagar más impuestos en la reforma tributaria de Gustavo Petro" [Who will be the rich who will have to pay more taxes in Gustavo Petro's tax reform]. infobae.com. 29 July 2022. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
- ↑ "El plan de la ministra Irene Vélez para solucionar aumento de tarifas de energía" [Minister Irene Vélez's plan to solve the increase in energy rates]. eltiempo.com. 9 September 2022. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
- ↑ "Democratizar la generación de energía: en esto consiste la propuesta de la ministra Irene Vélez para reducir las tarifas" [Democratizing energy generation: this is what Minister Irene Vélez's proposal to reduce rates consists of]. infobae.com. 8 September 2022. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
- ↑ "Gustavo Petro habla sobre declaración de desastre natural" [Gustavo Petro speaks about the declaration of natural disaster]. eltiempo.com. 1 November 2022. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
- ↑ "Emergencia nacional por el invierno: ¿por qué la declarará Petro y hasta cuándo iría?" [National emergency due to winter: why will Petro declare it and how long would it last?]. colombia.as. 29 October 2022. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
- ↑ "Lo que quiere Petro declarando emergencia por "desastre natural"" [What Petro wants by declaring an emergency due to "natural disaster"]. elcolombiano.com. 29 October 2022. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
- ↑ "Petro en la COP 27: "Es la hora de la humanidad y no la de los mercados"" [Petro at COP 27: "It is the hour of humanity and not that of markets"]. elpais.com. 7 November 2022. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
- ↑ "Gustavo Petro en la COP 27: su decálogo para enfrentar la crisis climática" [Gustavo Petro at COP 27: his ten-point plan to confront the climate crisis]. eltiempo.com. 4 November 2022. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
- ↑ "Memo para Petro en el arranque de la COP 27 de Egipto" [Memo for Petro at the start of COP 27 in Egypt]. lasillavacia.com. 6 November 2022. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
- ↑ "Expertos reaccionan al decálogo de Petro en la COP 27" [Experts react to Petro's ten-point plan at COP 27]. lasillavacia.com. 8 November 2022. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
- ↑ ""Anarquía de capitalistas": Petro se riega con duras palabras durante discurso en Suiza" ["Anarchy of capitalists": Petro lets loose with harsh words during speech in Switzerland]. pulzo.com. 18 January 2023. Retrieved 21 January 2023.
- ↑ "El presidente Petro se reunirá en Davos con el CEO de Yara Internacional, Svein Tore" [President Petro will meet in Davos with Yara International CEO Svein Tore]. larepublica.co. 20 January 2023. Retrieved 21 January 2023.
- ↑ "Gustavo Petro en Davos: "El propósito del Gobierno es avanzar hacia la exportación de turismo y energías limpias"" [Gustavo Petro in Davos: "The government's purpose is to move toward exporting tourism and clean energy"]. infobae.com. 20 January 2023. Retrieved 21 January 2023.
- ↑ "Petro en Davos: este fue su balance al cierre del Foro Económico Mundial" [Petro in Davos: this was his assessment at the close of the World Economic Forum]. eltiempo.com. 20 January 2023. Retrieved 21 January 2023.
- ↑ "'Cero uso del carbón, petróleo y gas': el mensaje de Petro en Davos" ['Zero use of coal, oil and gas': Petro's message in Davos]. portafolio.co. 18 January 2023. Retrieved 21 January 2023.
- ↑ Cruz Cañón, Laura Natalia (9 August 2022). "Petro takes office in Colombia: can he fulfil his environmental ambitions?". dialogochino.net. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
- ↑ "Irrational war on drugs, destruction of the Amazon, expose humanity's failures, Colombia's Petro tells UN". news.un.org. 20 September 2022. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
- ↑ "Colombia shifts strategy in drug war away from coca eradication". aljazeera.com. 24 January 2023. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
- ↑ Weigand, Georg (11 March 2023). "Bolivien und Kolumbien fordern Ende des Verbots der Kokapflanze" [Bolivia and Colombia call for an end to the ban on the coca plant]. amerika21 (in German). Mondial21 e. V. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
- ↑ Laura Gabriela Gil Savastano (13 March 2023). 66º periodo de sesiones de la Comisión de Estupefacientes de las Naciones Unidas Intervención de S.E. Laura Gabriela Gil Savastano, Viceministra de Asuntos Multilaterales de la República de Colombia [66th session of the United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs: Statement by H.E. Laura Gabriela Gil Savastano, Vice Minister of Multilateral Affairs of the Republic of Colombia] (PDF) (Report). pp. 3–4. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
- ↑ "Gustavo Petro anunció que los estudiantes de bachillerato podrán aprender "2 años de universidad" antes de graduarse" [Gustavo Petro announced that high school students will be able to learn "2 years of university" before graduating]. infobae.com. 19 November 2022. Retrieved 19 November 2022.
- ↑ "Petro anuncia cambios en la educación básica secundaria del país" [Petro announces changes in the country's basic secondary education]. wradio.com. 17 November 2022. Retrieved 19 November 2022.
- ↑ "Los cambios que vendrían en la educación básica secundaria, según el presidente Petro" [The changes that would come in basic secondary education, according to President Petro]. rcnradio.com. 19 November 2022. Retrieved 19 November 2022.
- ↑ "Gobierno Petro compraría 16 aviones de combate franceses" [Petro government would buy 16 French fighter jets]. colombia.as.com. 21 December 2022. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ↑ "Compra de aviones de combate: gobierno Petro se gastaría $15 billones" [Purchase of fighter jets: Petro government would spend $15 trillion]. eluniversal.com. 22 December 2022. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ↑ "¿Cuánto cuestan los aviones que compraría Colombia para cambiar los Kfir?" [How much do the planes Colombia would buy to replace the Kfirs cost?]. valoraanlitik.com. 22 December 2022. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- 1 2 3 4 "Colombia's New Administration Raises Hopes for Total Peace". United States Institute of Peace. United States Institute for Peace. 30 October 2022. Archived from the original on 12 July 2022. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
- ↑ ""Total Peace" bill signed into law in Colombia". Merco Press. 5 November 2022. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
- ↑ "Colombian government, left-wing ELN rebels launch new peace talks". Al Jazeera. 22 November 2022. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
- 1 2 3 "Following gang truce, Colombia city becomes experiment in peace". Al Jazeera. 26 December 2022. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
- ↑ "Colombia agrees ceasefire with main armed groups: President". Al Jazeera. 1 January 2022. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
- ↑ "Colombia's ELN rebels say they have not agreed to ceasefire". Reuters. Thomson Reuters. 3 January 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
- ↑ "Colombia backtracks on ceasefire announcement with ELN rebels". Al Jazeera. 4 January 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
- ↑ Guzmán, Vilma (15 March 2023). "Regierung von Kolumbien und Farc-EP nehmen Verhandlungen auf" [Government of Colombia and FARC-EP begin negotiations]. amerika21 (in German). Mondial21 e. V. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
- ↑ "Calls for ceasefire at start of latest Colombia-ELN peace talks". Al Jazeera. 2 May 2023. Retrieved 8 May 2023.
- ↑ "Colombia, ELN Guerrillas Say They Want a Ceasefire". The Defense Post. 4 January 2022. Retrieved 8 May 2023.
- 1 2 "Colombia and ELN rebel group sign ceasefire agreement". Al Jazeera. 7 June 2023. Retrieved 13 June 2023.
- 1 2 "Colombian gang leaders announce talks to address urban violence". Al Jazeera. 10 June 2023. Retrieved 13 June 2023.
- ↑ "Gobierno radicó proyecto de ley de sometimiento a la justicia para bandas criminales" [Government filed bill for submission to justice for criminal gangs] (in Spanish). Senate of the Republic of Colombia. 15 March 2023. Retrieved 13 June 2023.
- ↑ "Petro's Disapproval Rises to 64% as Colombians Abandon Leftist Agenda". The City Paper Bogotá. 17 June 2025. Retrieved 20 November 2025.
- ↑ "Colombia unveils four-year development plan worth nearly $250 bln". reuters.com. 6 February 2023. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
- ↑ "Reforma a la salud: transición al nuevo sistema, lo que más preocupa a médicos" [Health reform: transition to the new system, what most worries doctors]. eltiempo.com. 20 February 2023. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
- ↑ "Decisión clave sobre Viva, tensión por reforma a la salud y más en El Despertador" [Key decision on Viva, tension over health reform and more in El Despertador]. elespectador.com. 15 March 2023. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
- ↑ "Reforma salud de Petro: Liberales, conservadores y 'la U' entregan su propuesta" [Petro's health reform: Liberals, Conservatives and 'La U' present their proposal]. eltiempo.com. 8 March 2023. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
- 1 2 Guzman, Vilma (28 May 2023). "Kolumbien: Gesundheitsreform der Linksregierung nimmt erste Hürde im Parlament" [Colombia: left-wing government's health reform clears first hurdle in parliament]. amerika21 (in German). Mondial21 e. V. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
- 1 2 3 Göll, Edgar (1 May 2023). "Mexiko, Kuba und Kolumbien gründen regionale Arzneimittelagentur" [Mexico, Cuba and Colombia found regional medicines agency]. amerika21. Mondial21 e. V. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
- ↑ "Reforma laboral: se inicia debate entre garantías a trabajadores y crear empleos" [Labor reform: debate begins between guarantees for workers and creating jobs]. eltiempo.com. 17 March 2023. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
- ↑ "Ministerio de Trabajo ha recibido casi 3.000 propuestas para la reforma laboral: esto dicen" [Ministry of Labor has received nearly 3,000 proposals for labor reform: this is what they say]. elcolombiano.com. 17 March 2023. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
- 1 2 3 Schmutz, Hans-Peter (13 June 2023). "Wird die Legalisierung von Cannabis in Kolumbien bald Realität?" [Will the legalization of cannabis in Colombia soon become reality?]. amerika21 (in German). Mondial21 e. V. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
- ↑ "Gustavo Petro speaks before the United Nations". elpais.com. 20 September 2022. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
- ↑ "Petro ante la ONU les demando acabar la guerra contra las drogas" [Petro before the UN demanded an end to the war on drugs]. eluniversal.com. 20 September 2022. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
- ↑ "Petro viajó para participar en Cumbre de Presidentes de América del Sur esta semana" [Petro traveled to participate in the Summit of South American Presidents this week]. larepublica.com. 29 May 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
- ↑ "El presidente otra vez salió del país: Petro hace su viaje número 26 y está en Brasil" [The president left the country again: Petro is making his 26th trip and is in Brazil]. elcolombiano.com. 8 August 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
- ↑ Fuquen, César (5 August 2023). "Gustavo Petro emprenderá nuevo viaje a Brasil el mismo día que cumple su primer año de gobierno" [Gustavo Petro will embark on a new trip to Brazil on the same day he marks his first year in office]. infobae.com. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
- ↑ "Tensiones entre Guatemala y Colombia por ministro de Defensa" [Tensions between Guatemala and Colombia over Minister of Defense]. diariolasamericas.com. 18 January 2023. Retrieved 18 January 2023.
- ↑ "Tensiones entre Guatemala y Colombia por un ministro" [Tensions between Guatemala and Colombia over a minister]. listindiario.com. 18 January 2023. Retrieved 18 January 2023.
- ↑ "Presidente de Guatemala invitó a Gustavo Petro a tomar unas clases de Derecho" [President of Guatemala invited Gustavo Petro to take some law classes]. infobae.com. 20 January 2023. Retrieved 21 January 2023.
- ↑ "Si Guatemala insiste en capturar a Iván Velásquez, Gustavo Petro rompería relaciones con ese país" [If Guatemala insists on capturing Iván Velásquez, Gustavo Petro would break relations with that country]. infobae.com. 17 January 2023. Retrieved 21 January 2023.
- ↑ "Gustavo Petro le respondió a Alejandro Giammattei: "cordura en política significa luchar contra la corrupción"" [Gustavo Petro replied to Alejandro Giammattei: "sanity in politics means fighting corruption"]. infobae.com. 17 January 2023. Retrieved 21 January 2023.
- ↑ "Ante La Haya: Colombia intervino por disputa territorial con Nicaragua" [Before The Hague: Colombia intervened in territorial dispute with Nicaragua]. eluniversal.com.co. 6 December 2022. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ↑ "¿La frontera entre Colombia y Venezuela tiene 2 millones de kilómetros? El lapsus del Canciller Leyva" [Does the border between Colombia and Venezuela measure 2 million kilometers? Foreign Minister Leyva's slip-up]. elcolombiano.com. 17 September 2022. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ↑ "Colombia responde a los alegatos de Nicaragua por plataforma continental ante La Haya" [Colombia responds to Nicaragua's arguments over the continental shelf before The Hague]. elpais.com. 5 December 2022. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ↑ "Canciller Leyva avaló ausencia en sesión de la OEA sobre Nicaragua, según reporte" [Foreign Minister Leyva endorsed the absence from the OAS session on Nicaragua, according to a report]. elespectador.com. 28 August 2022. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ↑ "Nicaragua vs. Colombia: cómo avanza la disputa en La Haya" [Nicaragua vs. Colombia: how the dispute in The Hague is progressing]. elpais.com. 5 December 2022. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ↑ ""Somos el único país que tiene que defender su territorio marítimo cuando está más cerca de su costa": Colombia en La Haya" ["We are the only country that has to defend its maritime territory when it is closer to its coast": Colombia in The Hague]. elcolombiano.com. 6 December 2022. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ↑ "Colombia no condenó a Nicaragua 'por razones estratégicas'" [Colombia did not condemn Nicaragua 'for strategic reasons']. eltiempo.com. 3 August 2022. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ↑ "Nicaragua: canciller Álvaro Leyva respondió a polémica por ausencia de Colombia en sesión de la OEA" [Nicaragua: Foreign Minister Álvaro Leyva responded to controversy over Colombia's absence from the OAS session]. infobae.com. 30 August 2022. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ↑ "Colombia se defiende en audiencia de La Haya por pleito con Nicaragua" [Colombia defends itself at a hearing in The Hague over its dispute with Nicaragua]. portafolio.co. 6 December 2022. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ↑ "Canciller Álvaro Leyva habló sobre relaciones "suspendidas" con Nicaragua" [Foreign Minister Álvaro Leyva spoke about "suspended" relations with Nicaragua]. semana.com. 10 October 2022. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ↑ "Colombia pasa a segundo plano la condena a Daniel Ortega en la OEA" [Colombia puts condemnation of Daniel Ortega in the OAS on the back burner]. confidencial.digital. 29 September 2022. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
- ↑ "Cambio de deuda por acción climática, eje de reunión Biden – Petro" [Debt-for-climate-action swap, focus of the Biden–Petro meeting]. portafolio.com. 20 April 2023. Retrieved 23 April 2023.
- ↑ Caicedo Cano, Julio César (20 April 2023). "El desatrase: la semana en la que Petro se reunió con Joe Biden" [The catch-up: the week in which Petro met with Joe Biden]. lasillavacia.com. Retrieved 23 April 2023.
- ↑ Klein, Betsy; Ramos, Fernando (20 April 2023). "Gustavo Petro, presidente de Colombia, se reunió con Joe Biden en la Casa Blanca: ¿cuáles fueron los principales temas?" [Gustavo Petro, president of Colombia, met with Joe Biden at the White House: what were the main topics?]. cnnespanol.cnn.com. Retrieved 23 April 2023.
- ↑ Rodríguez, Sergio (20 April 2023). "Petro y Biden: comenzó la reunión en la Casa Blanca" [Petro and Biden: the meeting at the White House began]. infobae.com. Retrieved 23 April 2023.
- ↑ Lombo Delgado, Juan Sebastian (20 April 2023). "Petro en Estados Unidos: así fue el diálogo con Nancy Pelosi" [Petro in the United States: this is how the dialogue with Nancy Pelosi went]. eltiempo.com. Retrieved 15 May 2023.
- ↑ "Paz, drogas y reforma agraria, entre temas abordados en reunión Petro-Pelosi" [Peace, drugs, and agrarian reform among the topics addressed in the Petro-Pelosi meeting]. elheraldo.co. 20 April 2023. Retrieved 15 May 2023.
- ↑ "Último día de Petro en Washington: ¿con quién más se reunirá?" [Petro's last day in Washington: who else will he meet with?]. elespectador.com. 20 April 2023. Retrieved 15 May 2023.
- 1 2 "Gustavo Petro ¿el único político colombiano que apoya a Maduro?" [Gustavo Petro, the only Colombian politician who supports Maduro?]. Las 2 Orillas. 23 January 2019.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "¿Cuál ha sido la posición de Gustavo Petro sobre Venezuela?" [What has Gustavo Petro's position on Venezuela been?]. El Nacional. 20 June 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
- ↑ ""No venimos a un entierro, venimos a una siembra", Alcalde Mayor" ["We are not coming to a funeral, we are coming to a sowing," Mayor]. 8 March 2013.
- ↑ "Gustavo Petro: confianza de cambio y temor de dictadura en una posible presidencia en Colombia" [Gustavo Petro: confidence in change and fear of dictatorship in a possible presidency in Colombia]. La República. 25 May 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ↑ "Gustavo Petro denuncia "apartheid" contra venezolanos en Bogotá" [Gustavo Petro denounces "apartheid" against Venezuelans in Bogotá]. Semana. 30 October 2020. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
- ↑ Rico, Alejandra (11 August 2022). "Petro nombró a Armando Benedetti como embajador de Colombia en Venezuela" [Petro appointed Armando Benedetti as Colombia's ambassador to Venezuela]. larepublica.co. Retrieved 26 March 2023.
- ↑ "RHW pidió a Petro impulsar los derechos humanos en sus relaciones con Venezuela" [HRW asked Petro to promote human rights in his relations with Venezuela]. wradio.com. 26 October 2020. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
- ↑ "El nuevo embajador, Amando Benedetti, agradeció a el presidente Gustavo Petro por la confianza a través de su cuenta en Twitter" [The new ambassador, Amando Benedetti, thanked President Gustavo Petro for his trust through his Twitter account]. twitter.com. 11 August 2022. Retrieved 26 March 2023.
- ↑ "Petro solicita al embajador Benedetti establecer todos los relaciones con Venezuela" [Petro asks Ambassador Benedetti to establish all relations with Venezuela]. eluniversal.com. 26 August 2022. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
- ↑ "Colombia: Gustavo Petro considera que Juan Guaidó es un presidente venezolano "inexistente"" [Colombia: Gustavo Petro considers Juan Guaidó a "non-existent" Venezuelan president]. rpp.pe. 15 August 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
- ↑ "Petro considera que Guaidó es un presidente "inexistente"" [Petro considers Guaidó a "non-existent" president]. www.europapress.es. 15 August 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
- ↑ "Juan Guaidó criticó a Gustavo Petro por reconocer al dictador Nicolás Maduro: "Ampara el terrorismo mundial en Venezuela"" [Juan Guaidó criticized Gustavo Petro for recognizing dictator Nicolás Maduro: "He shelters world terrorism in Venezuela"]. infobae. 13 August 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
- ↑ "Petro asegura que ahora son más los migrantes que regresan a Venezuela que los que salen del país" [Petro says that there are now more migrants returning to Venezuela than leaving the country]. monitoreamos.com. 3 October 2022. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
- ↑ Manosalva, Gerardi (3 October 2022). "Petro: "Son más los que regresan a Venezuela que los que salen"" [Petro: "More are returning to Venezuela than leaving"]. puntodecorte.net. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
- ↑ "Gustavo Petro en Caracas: comienza una nueva era en las relaciones entre Colombia y Venezuela" [Gustavo Petro in Caracas: a new era in relations between Colombia and Venezuela begins]. The New York Times. 1 November 2022. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
- ↑ "Avance / Presidente Gustavo Petro inició visita oficial a Venezuela" [Update / President Gustavo Petro began an official visit to Venezuela]. petro.presidencia.gov.co. 1 November 2022. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
- ↑ "Siga en vivo la visita del presidente Gustavo Petro a Venezuela" [Follow live the visit of President Gustavo Petro to Venezuela]. elespectador.com. 1 November 2022. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
- ↑ "Las dos espadas de Bolívar: colombiana y venezolana" [The two swords of Bolívar: Colombian and Venezuelan]. elnuevosiglo.com. 2 November 2022. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
- ↑ "Gustavo Petro ya está reunido con Nicolás Maduro en Caracas" [Gustavo Petro is already meeting with Nicolás Maduro in Caracas]. eltiempo.com. 1 November 2022. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
- ↑ "Reunión Petro y Maduro: estas fueron las conclusiones del encuentro" [Petro and Maduro meeting: these were the conclusions of the encounter]. wradio.com. 1 November 2022. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
- 1 2 Granados Ceja, José Luis; Vaz, Ricardo (25 February 2023). ""Es weht ein neuer Wind": Venezuela und Kolumbien schließen Handelsabkommen" ["A new wind is blowing": Venezuela and Colombia conclude a trade agreement]. amerika21. Mondial21 e. V. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
- ↑ Santaeulalia, Inés (25 April 2023). "La cumbre sobre Venezuela organizada por Petro: muchas expectativas, pocos resultados" [The summit on Venezuela organized by Petro: many expectations, few results]. elpais.com. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
- ↑ Mur, Robert (25 April 2023). "La expulsión de Guaidó de Colombia enturbia la cumbre sobre Venezuela" [Guaidó's expulsion from Colombia clouds the summit on Venezuela]. lavanguardia.com. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
- ↑ "Colombia expulsa a Juan Guaidó y viaja a Miami: "La persecución de la dictadura se extiende"" [Colombia expels Juan Guaidó and he travels to Miami: "The dictatorship's persecution is spreading"]. elespañol.com. 25 April 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
- 1 2 Lee, Liz; Woo, Ryan (25 October 2023). "China upgrades diplomatic ties with close US ally Colombia". Reuters. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
- ↑ Lombo Delgado, Juan Sebastian (14 June 2023). "Las claves del viaje oficial del presidente Gustavo Petro a Alemania" [The keys to President Gustavo Petro's official trip to Germany]. eltiempo.com. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
- ↑ Ibáñez, Ángel (13 June 2023). "Presidente Gustavo Petro viaja a Alemania: ¿Quiénes lo acompañan y cuál es el motivo de su visita?" [President Gustavo Petro travels to Germany: who is accompanying him and what is the reason for his visit?]. colombia.as.com. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
- ↑ "Presidente Petro viaja a Alemania, estos son los temas que tratará en su agenda" [President Petro travels to Germany, these are the topics he will address on his agenda]. agenciapi.co. 15 June 2023. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
- ↑ Saavedra Álvarez, Aura María (5 May 2023). "Petro llega a Portugal tras visita en España: ¿qué hará en ese país?" [Petro arrives in Portugal after visiting Spain: what will he do in that country?]. eltiempo.com. Retrieved 14 May 2023.
- ↑ Ibáñez, Ángel (5 May 2023). "Presidente Gustavo Petro llega a Portugal: ¿Cuál es el motivo de su viaje?" [President Gustavo Petro arrives in Portugal: what is the reason for his trip?]. colombia.as.com. Retrieved 14 May 2023.
- ↑ "Presidente Gustavo Petro inició visita oficial a Portugal: primer ministro de ese país le dio la bienvenida en Lisboa" [President Gustavo Petro began an official visit to Portugal: that country's prime minister welcomed him in Lisbon]. semana.com. 6 May 2023. Retrieved 14 May 2023.
- ↑ "Termina gira de Petro por España y Portugal: así concluye" [Petro's tour of Spain and Portugal ends: this is how it concludes]. portafolio.com. 7 May 2023. Retrieved 14 May 2023.
- ↑ "Gustavo Petro llega a Madrid en su primera visita de Estado a España" [Gustavo Petro arrives in Madrid on his first state visit to Spain]. dw.com. 2 May 2023. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ↑ "Presidente Gustavo Petro inicia visita de Estado a España: estos son los detalles del viaje y quiénes lo acompañan" [President Gustavo Petro begins a state visit to Spain: these are the details of the trip and who accompany him]. semana.com. 2 May 2023. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ↑ "En video: los honores con que recibieron a Gustavo Petro y a su esposa en España" [On video: the honors with which Gustavo Petro and his wife were received in Spain]. eltiempo.com. 3 May 2023. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ↑ Triviño V., Andrés (4 May 2023). "Gustavo Petro es recibido con honores en su visita a España y centra su discurso en la crisis climática" [Gustavo Petro is received with honors on his visit to Spain and focuses his speech on the climate crisis]. france24.com. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ↑ Lombo Delgado, Juan Sebastian (2 May 2023). "Presidente Gustavo Petro ya está en España: las imágenes de su llegada" [President Gustavo Petro is already in Spain: images of his arrival]. eltiempo.com. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ↑ Ibáñez, Ángel (2 May 2023). "Gustavo Petro en España: Detalles de su viaje y quiénes lo acompañan" [Gustavo Petro in Spain: details of his trip and who accompany him]. colombia.as.com. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ↑ Saavedra Álvarez, Aura María (8 August 2023). "Visita clave para la 'paz total': Petro se reunirá con el presidente de Suiza en Bogotá" [Key visit for 'total peace': Petro will meet with the president of Switzerland in Bogotá]. eltiempo.com. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
- ↑ "¿Por qué Gustavo Petro tiene esperando al presidente de Suiza?" [Why is Gustavo Petro keeping the president of Switzerland waiting?]. cambiocolombia.com. 10 August 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
- ↑ S.A.S, Editorial La República. "El presidente Gustavo Petro realiza en Perú su primer viaje oficial fuera de Colombia" [President Gustavo Petro makes his first official trip outside Colombia in Peru]. Diario La República (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 September 2022.
- ↑ "Petro viajará a Perú a la cumbre de CAN en su primer viaje oficial al extranjero" [Petro will travel to Peru for the Andean Community summit on his first official trip abroad]. www.efe.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 September 2022.
- 1 2 "Presidencia de la Republica" [Presidency of the Republic]. petro.presidencia.gov.co. 1 January 2023. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
- ↑ Juan Diego Quesada, Catalina Oquendo (8 January 2023). "Petro y Maduro acuerdan continuar con el proceso de paz en Caracas y no en México como estaba previsto" [Petro and Maduro agree to continue with the peace process in Caracas and not in Mexico as had been planned]. El País América Colombia (in Spanish). Retrieved 21 January 2024.
- ↑ "Gustavo Petro y Gabriel Boric proponen acuerdo por la democracia en América Latina tras lo ocurrido en Brasil" [Gustavo Petro and Gabriel Boric propose an agreement for democracy in Latin America after what happened in Brazil]. infobae (in European Spanish). 9 January 2023. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
- 1 2 3 "Gustavo Petro se reunirá con Gabriel Boric para fortalecer los vínculos políticos entre ambos países" [Gustavo Petro will meet with Gabriel Boric to strengthen political ties between both countries]. infobae (in European Spanish). 7 January 2023. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
- ↑ Presidencia de la República. "Presidente Gustavo Petro hará visita de Estado a Chile desde este lunes 9 de enero" [President Gustavo Petro will make a state visit to Chile starting this Monday, January 9]. petro.presidencia.gov.co. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
- ↑ "Declaración del Presidente Gustavo Petro Urrego en la reunión del Foro Económico Mundial | Cancillería" [Statement by President Gustavo Petro Urrego at the World Economic Forum meeting | Foreign Ministry]. www.cancilleria.gov.co. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
- ↑ Uribe, Maria Alejandra (17 January 2023). "Petro se reunió con el presidente de la Confederación Suiza en Davos" [Petro met with the president of the Swiss Confederation in Davos]. W Radio. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
- ↑ Cuellar, Juan Pablo. "La reforma a la salud del presidente Petro será vigilada por una comisión de la OMS" [President Petro's health reform will be monitored by a WHO commission]. Diario La República. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- 1 2 3 4 "Presidente Petro insiste en el capitalismo descarbonizado y advirtió que el mundo va hacia "el suicidio colectivo del mercado"" [President Petro insists on decarbonized capitalism and warned that the world is heading toward “the collective suicide of the market”]. Semana.com. 19 January 2023. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ↑ Portafolio. "De qué habló Petro con la líder de la Organización Mundial de Comercio" [What Petro discussed with the head of the World Trade Organization]. Portafolio.co. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- 1 2 Dueñas, Mauricio (16 January 2023). "Presidente Gustavo Petro viaja a Suiza para participar en foro económico mundial" [President Gustavo Petro travels to Switzerland to participate in the World Economic Forum]. ELESPECTADOR.COM. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ↑ "Petro finalizó su agenda en el Foro Económico Mundial cancelando reuniones con importantes empresarios" [Petro ended his agenda at the World Economic Forum by cancelling meetings with important business leaders]. ifm noticias. 20 January 2023. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ↑ "Petro le pidió al vicepresidente de Nestlé que ayude en la sustitución de cultivos de coca por cacao" [Petro asked Nestlé's vice president to help replace coca crops with cacao]. Forbes Colombia. 19 January 2023. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- 1 2 Becerra, Brayan Xavier. "El presidente Gustavo Petro aclaró que seguirán los actuales contratos exploratorios" [President Gustavo Petro clarified that the current exploration contracts will continue]. Diario La República. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ↑ "Palabras del Presidente Gustavo Petro en la VII Cumbre de Jefes de Estado de la Celac" [Remarks by President Gustavo Petro at the 7th Summit of CELAC Heads of State]. petro.presidencia.gov.co. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ↑ "Cristina Kirchner se reunió por primera vez con Gustavo Petro en Buenos Aires" [Cristina Kirchner met with Gustavo Petro for the first time in Buenos Aires]. infobae. 25 January 2023. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ↑ "Petro aprovecha la cumbre de la Celac para reunirse con el representante de Biden" [Petro takes advantage of the CELAC summit to meet with Biden's representative]. infobae. 24 January 2023. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- 1 2 Roa-Clavijo, Felipe (28 January 2023). "5 claves para entender el acuerdo gobierno-FAO para superar el hambre" [5 keys to understanding the government-FAO agreement to overcome hunger]. La Silla Vacía (in Spanish). Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ↑ Fuquen, César (31 January 2023). "Presidente Gustavo Petro viaja a Ecuador para reunirse con su homólogo Guillermo Lasso: estos son los temas y la agenda" [President Gustavo Petro travels to Ecuador to meet with his counterpart Guillermo Lasso: these are the topics and the agenda]. infobae. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ↑ Sánchez-Garzoli, Gimena. "Cuatro puntos clave para la reunión Biden-Petro" [Four key points for the Biden-Petro meeting]. WOLA. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ↑ "Joe Biden y Gustavo Petro se reunirán por primera vez el 20 de abril en la Casa Blanca" [Joe Biden and Gustavo Petro will meet for the first time on April 20 at the White House]. infobae. 14 April 2023. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ↑ Quesada, Juan Diego (3 May 2023). "El Rey de España respalda la paz total de Petro: "El silencio de las armas es un anhelo de todos los colombianos"" [The King of Spain supports Petro's total peace: “The silence of weapons is a longing of all Colombians”]. El País América Colombia. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ↑ "Pedro Sánchez anuncia que España fortalecerá su apoyo al proceso de paz de Colombia" [Pedro Sánchez announces that Spain will strengthen its support for Colombia's peace process]. www.lamoncloa.gob.es. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- 1 2 "Petro visita Portugal con reuniones con el presidente y el primer ministro" [Petro visits Portugal with meetings with the president and the prime minister]. SWI swissinfo.ch (in Spanish). 5 May 2023. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ↑ Pérez, Rafael (30 May 2023). "Cumbre sudamericana: ¿qué se espera del encuentro que busca impulsar la integración regional?" [South American summit: what is expected from the meeting that seeks to promote regional integration?]. France 24. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ↑ Fuquen, César (9 June 2023). "Gobierno de Gustavo Petro confirmó desde Cuba que cese al fuego bilateral con el ELN comenzará el 3 de agosto" [Gustavo Petro's government confirmed from Cuba that the bilateral ceasefire with the ELN will begin on August 3]. infobae. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ↑ Colchen, Gabrielle (10 June 2023). "Petro firma un cese al fuego de seis meses con la guerrilla del ELN en La Habana" [Petro signs a six-month ceasefire with the ELN guerrilla in Havana]. France 24. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ↑ Gonzales Zorrilla, Gabriel (16 June 2023). "Alemania y Colombia: proteger el clima y comprar carbón" [Germany and Colombia: protecting the climate and buying coal]. dw.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ↑ "Presidente Petro inició este jueves visita a la República Federal de Alemania" [President Petro began a visit to the Federal Republic of Germany this Thursday]. www.cancilleria.gov.co. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ↑ "Tras reunión con Macron, Presidente Petro confirma que Francia financiará con donaciones parte de la reforma agraria en Colombia" [After meeting with Macron, President Petro confirms that France will finance part of the agrarian reform in Colombia with donations]. petro.presidencia.gov.co. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ↑ "Gustavo Petro en Francia: las confusas versiones sobre por qué se quedó dos días más" [Gustavo Petro in France: the confusing versions of why he stayed two more days]. El Tiempo. 27 June 2023. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ↑ Colprensa. "Presidente Petro llegó a Bruselas para la cumbre UE-CELAC" [President Petro arrived in Brussels for the EU-CELAC summit]. www.radionacional.co. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ↑ Lombo, Juan (18 July 2023). "Presidente Petro invita a primer ministro de Portugal a Colombia, visita sería en 2024" [President Petro invites Portugal's prime minister to Colombia; visit would be in 2024]. El Tiempo. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ↑ Ávila, Katheryne (8 August 2023). ""La Amazonía se defiende con razones y también con armas": Gustavo Petro en Cumbre por la Amazonía" ["The Amazon is defended with reasons and also with weapons": Gustavo Petro at the Amazon Summit]. Noticias RCN. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ↑ "Cancillería dice que Emiratos Árabes Unidos estaría interesado en invertir en energías limpias en Colombia" [Foreign Ministry says the United Arab Emirates would be interested in investing in clean energy in Colombia]. Semana.com. 9 August 2023. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- 1 2 Carmona, Carolina. "Colombia y Costa Rica afianzan lazos a favor del turismo, la seguridad y la biodiversidad" [Colombia and Costa Rica strengthen ties in favor of tourism, security, and biodiversity]. www.radionacional.co. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ↑ "Gustavo Petro se vuelve a ir de viaje: el presidente va para Chile del 10 al 12 de septiembre" [Gustavo Petro goes traveling again: the president is going to Chile from September 10 to 12]. Semana.com. 8 September 2023. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ↑ Lancheros, Katherine (11 September 2023). "Petro se reunió con el expresidente de Uruguay Pepe Mujica durante su visita a Chile" [Petro met with former Uruguayan president Pepe Mujica during his visit to Chile]. infobae. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ↑ Saavedra, Frank (9 September 2023). "Detalles del viaje del presidente Gustavo Petro a Chile por la conmemoración de los 50 años del golpe a Salvador Allende" [Details of President Gustavo Petro's trip to Chile for the commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the coup against Salvador Allende]. infobae. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ↑ "G77+China: "Aquí somos iguales todos": 4 declaraciones destacadas de la cumbre en Cuba en la que estuvieron Maduro, Petro y Lula" [G77+China: "Here we are all equal": 4 notable statements from the summit in Cuba attended by Maduro, Petro, and Lula]. BBC News Mundo (in Spanish). 16 September 2023. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ↑ Santaeulalia, Inés (19 September 2023). "Petro pide en un duro discurso ante la ONU acabar con las guerras en Ucrania y Palestina y salvar al planeta" [Petro calls in a harsh speech before the UN to end the wars in Ukraine and Palestine and save the planet]. El País América Colombia. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ↑ Penagos, Juan (20 September 2023). "'El país no puede vivir del petróleo': presidente Petro en Cumbre de Ambición Climática" ['The country cannot live off oil': President Petro at the Climate Ambition Summit]. El Tiempo. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ↑ "Presidente Gustavo Petro acudió a una cena con su homólogo estadounidense Joe Biden, ¿de qué hablaron?" [President Gustavo Petro attended a dinner with his U.S. counterpart Joe Biden; what did they talk about?]. Semana.com. 21 September 2023. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ↑ "Petro se reúne con Guterres para hablar de drogas, paz y medioambiente" [Petro meets with Guterres to talk about drugs, peace, and the environment]. SWI swissinfo.ch. 18 September 2023. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ↑ Ospina, Diego. "Presidente Petro asistirá mañana a la Cumbre Migratoria que se realizará en México" [President Petro will attend tomorrow the Migration Summit to be held in Mexico]. Diario La República. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- 1 2 Barruti, Sofía (26 October 2023). "¿Qué se acordaron Petro y Xi Jinping durante la visita a China del presidente de Colombia?" [What did Petro and Xi Jinping agree on during the Colombian president's visit to China?]. CNN. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ↑ "Con éxito se cumplió en Pekín encuentro entre el presidente Gustavo Petro y el presidente chino Xi Jinping" [Meeting between President Gustavo Petro and Chinese President Xi Jinping was successfully held in Beijing]. petro.presidencia.gov.co. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ↑ Rodríguez, José David (25 October 2023). "Así como Iván Duque, el presidente Petro rindió honores a Mao Tse Tung, quien impuso el régimen socialista en China" [Like Iván Duque, President Petro paid tribute to Mao Tse Tung, who imposed the socialist regime in China]. infobae. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ↑ Suesca, Lizeth (3 November 2023). "Presidente Petro está en Washington para participar en la cumbre APEP" [President Petro is in Washington to participate in the APEP summit]. Caracol Radio. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ↑ Arenales, Juliana. "Petro hizo un llamado a países miembros de Apec a permitirle la entrada a Colombia" [Petro called on APEC member countries to allow Colombia's entry]. Diario La República. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ↑ "Gustavo Petro se reunirá nuevamente con Nicolás Maduro en Venezuela" [Gustavo Petro will meet again with Nicolás Maduro in Venezuela]. www.vanguardia.com. 15 November 2023. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ↑ Benito, Luis (23 November 2023). "Por qué Gustavo Petro fue el único presidente que asistió a la posesión de Daniel Noboa en Ecuador" [Why Gustavo Petro was the only president who attended Daniel Noboa's inauguration in Ecuador]. infobae. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ↑ Monsalve, María Mónica (1 December 2023). "Petro mezcla en la COP28 el carbón, Gaza y Hitler en su campaña contra el cambio climático" [Petro mixes coal, Gaza, and Hitler at COP28 in his campaign against climate change]. El País América. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ↑ Ortiz, Luis (1 December 2023). "El presidente Petro se reunió con el emir de Catar: busca un tratado de libre comercio e inversiones árabes en Colombia" [President Petro met with the Emir of Qatar: he seeks a free trade treaty and Arab investments in Colombia]. infobae. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ↑ Ortiz, Luis (2 December 2023). "Emiratos Árabes invertirá más de $100.000 millones en La Guajira tras acuerdo entre Gustavo Petro y jeque Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahayan" [The United Arab Emirates will invest more than $100,000 million in La Guajira after an agreement between Gustavo Petro and Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahayan]. infobae. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ↑ "Presidencia de la Republica" [Presidency of the Republic]. petro.presidencia.gov.co. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ↑ "Estos son los temas clave que el presidente Petro presentará durante la COP28, en Dubái" [These are the key topics that President Petro will present during COP28 in Dubai]. Diario El País. 30 November 2023. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ↑ "Colombia se une al Tratado de No Proliferación de Combustibles Fósiles en la COP28" [Colombia joins the Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty at COP28]. El Tiempo. 2 December 2023. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ↑ "Nicolás Maduro y Gustavo Petro se reunieron en Caracas para continuar agenda bilateral - El Diario" [Nicolás Maduro and Gustavo Petro met in Caracas to continue the bilateral agenda - El Diario]. eldiario.com. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
- ↑ Rodríguez, Mario Alejandro (14 January 2024). "Gustavo Petro ya está en Guatemala para la posesión del presidente Bernardo Arévalo y lanzó dardos al Fiscal General" [Gustavo Petro is already in Guatemala for President Bernardo Arévalo's inauguration and took aim at the Attorney General]. infobae. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ↑ Gómez, Mario (14 January 2024). "Presidenta Xiomara Castro y su homólogo de Colombia Gustavo Petro, sostienen reunión en su visita a Guatemala" [President Xiomara Castro and her Colombian counterpart Gustavo Petro hold a meeting during her visit to Guatemala]. SEDESOL (in Spanish). Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ↑ López, Dayana. "Esta será la agenda del presidente Petro en Davos, Suiza" [This will be President Petro's agenda in Davos, Switzerland]. www.radionacional.co. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ↑ Morales, Carolina (17 January 2024). "Presidente Gustavo Petro estuvo con Bill Gates en Suiza: ¿Qué temas hablaron?" [President Gustavo Petro was with Bill Gates in Switzerland: what topics did they discuss?]. Diario AS. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ↑ Uribe, Maria Alejandra (19 January 2024). "Papa Francisco y presidente Gustavo Petro se reunieron en el Vaticano: paz, tema central" [Pope Francis and President Gustavo Petro met at the Vatican: peace, the central topic]. W Radio. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ↑ "El presidente Gustavo Petro llegó a Alemania para participar de la Conferencia de Seguridad de Múnich" [President Gustavo Petro arrived in Germany to participate in the Munich Security Conference]. Noticias de Cali, Valle y Colombia - Periodico: Diario El País (in Spanish). 16 February 2024. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
- ↑ "Presidente llegó a San Vicente y las Granadinas para participar en la cumbre de la Celac" [President arrived in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines to participate in the CELAC summit]. www.radionacional.co. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
- ↑ "Nicolás Maduro y Gustavo Petro se reúnen en Caracas por quinta vez en los últimos dos años" [Nicolás Maduro and Gustavo Petro meet in Caracas for the fifth time in the last two years]. El Comercio (in Spanish). 9 April 2024. ISSN 1605-3052. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
- ↑ "Quién es Juan Fernando Petro y por qué su hermano pide que lo investiguen" [Who is Juan Fernando Petro and why his brother is asking for him to be investigated]. Infobae (in Spanish). 2 March 2023.
- ↑ "¿Qué viene tras confesión de Nicolás Petro sobre ingreso ilegal de plata a la campaña?" [What comes after Nicolás Petro's confession about illegal money entering the campaign?]. El Tiempo (in Spanish). 3 August 2023.
- ↑ "Estas son las claves del escándalo entre Armando Benedetti y Laura Sarabia que tiene en crisis al Gobierno de Gustavo Petro" [These are the keys to the scandal between Armando Benedetti and Laura Sarabia that has Gustavo Petro's government in crisis]. Infobae.
- ↑ "Las ocho frases claves de la denuncia de Laura Sarabia por el robo de 7.000 dólares" [The eight key statements from Laura Sarabia's complaint over the theft of 7,000 dollars]. El Tiempo (in Spanish). 27 May 2023.
- ↑ "'Hubiera preferido seguir en la sombra', Laura Sarabia, la mano derecha de Petro" ['I would have preferred to remain in the shadows': Laura Sarabia, Petro's right hand]. El Tiempo.
- 1 2 "¿Qué tiene que ver Armando Benedetti en caso de exniñera de Laura Sarabia?" [What does Armando Benedetti have to do with Laura Sarabia's ex-nanny case?]. W Radio (in Spanish). 31 May 2023.
- 1 2 Heraldo, El (11 June 2023). "Mancuso vs. el caso Sarabia" [Mancuso vs. the Sarabia case]. El Heraldo (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 June 2023.
- 1 2 "Petro saca del gobierno a dos aliados por 'chuzadas' ligadas a caso de niñera" [Petro removes two allies from the government over wiretaps linked to nanny case]. RFI. 3 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- 1 2 "Paso a paso, así fue la 'chuzada' que la Dijin le hizo a Marelbys Meza, exniñera de Laura Sarabia" [Step by step, this is how the Dijín wiretap was carried out on Marelbys Meza, Laura Sarabia's former nanny]. Red+ Noticias (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 June 2023.
- ↑ "Laura Sarabia declaró ante la Fiscalía sobre el robo del dinero que desató el escándalo de las "chuzadas"" [Laura Sarabia testified before the Prosecutor's Office about the theft of money that triggered the wiretapping scandal]. Infobae. Retrieved 24 June 2023.
- ↑ "Atentos: fueron cuatro personas chuzadas por robo de dinero en casa de Laura Sarabia y no dos. SEMANA revela las otras interceptaciones ilegales" [Attention: four people, not two, were wiretapped over the theft of money at Laura Sarabia's house. SEMANA reveals the other illegal interceptions]. Semana. 15 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ↑ Tiempo, Casa Editorial El (7 June 2023). "'Este Gobierno no intercepta a nadie, no mientan': Petro sobre caso de chuzadas" ['This government does not intercept anyone, do not lie': Petro on the wiretapping case]. El Tiempo (in Spanish). Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ↑ Tiempo, Casa Editorial El (2 June 2023). "Petro dice que su gobierno 'no permite, no ha hecho ni hará' chuzadas ilegales" [Petro says his government 'does not allow, has not carried out, and will not carry out' illegal wiretaps]. El Tiempo (in Spanish). Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ↑ "Encuentran muerto a policía investigado por 'chuzadas' en caso Laura Sarabia" [Police officer investigated for wiretaps in Laura Sarabia case found dead]. www.eluniversal.com.co. 9 June 2023. Retrieved 24 June 2023.
- ↑ Caracol, Noticias (21 June 2023). "¿Quién era el coronel Óscar Dávila y por qué es importante en el caso de Laura Sarabia?" [Who was Colonel Óscar Dávila and why is he important in the Laura Sarabia case?]. Noticias Caracol. Retrieved 24 June 2023.
- 1 2 "'Chuzadas': ¿Qué es un suicidio de oportunidad y por qué lo suponen en caso de coronel Dávila?" ['Wiretaps': What is a suicide of opportunity and why is it suspected in Colonel Dávila's case?]. Publimetro Colombia (in Spanish). 21 June 2023. Retrieved 24 June 2023.
- 1 2 "Presidente Petro dice que el coronel Óscar Dávila se suicidó por presiones" [President Petro says Colonel Óscar Dávila committed suicide because of pressure]. La Patria (in Spanish). 22 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ↑ Tiempo, Casa Editorial El (27 May 2023). "Lo que se sabe del polémico caso que enfrenta a Laura Sarabia con su exniñera" [What is known about the controversial case pitting Laura Sarabia against her former nanny]. El Tiempo (in Spanish). Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ↑ "Caso de Laura Sarabia: apareció resultado del polígrafo que le hicieron a Marelbys Meza" [Laura Sarabia case: the results of the polygraph administered to Marelbys Meza have emerged]. El País Cali. 28 June 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- 1 2 León, Alejandro (27 May 2023). "Petro cataloga de "mentira" la denuncia de la exniñera de su jefe de gabinete" [Petro labels as a 'lie' the complaint by his chief of staff's former nanny]. Blu Radio (in Spanish). Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ↑ Tiempo, Casa Editorial El (1 June 2023). "Fiscalía dice que exniñera y empleada de Laura Sarabia fueron 'chuzadas' por la Dijín" [Prosecutor's Office says Laura Sarabia's former nanny and employee were 'wiretapped' by the Dijín]. El Tiempo (in Spanish). Retrieved 6 July 2023.
- ↑ ""Esta es la parajusticia": Fiscal Barbosa por "chuzadas" a niñeras de Laura Sarabia" ['"This is parajustice": Prosecutor Barbosa on the 'wiretaps' of Laura Sarabia's nannies]. Caracol Radio (in Spanish). 1 June 2023. Retrieved 6 July 2023.
- ↑ "Policía reconoce que sí se realizaron 'chuzadas' a exempleadas de Sarabia" [Police acknowledge that 'wiretaps' were indeed carried out on former employees of Sarabia]. Caracol Radio (in Spanish). 1 June 2023. Retrieved 6 July 2023.
- ↑ Charry, Sylvia. "EXCLUSIVO: Niñera de Laura Sarabia fue interceptada ilegalmente por la Dijín" [EXCLUSIVE: Laura Sarabia's nanny was illegally intercepted by the Dijín]. cambiocolombia.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 6 July 2023.
- ↑ "¿Qué fueron las "chuzadas" y qué tan comparables son con el caso de Laura Sarabia?" [What were the 'wiretaps' and how comparable are they to the Laura Sarabia case?]. El Espectador. 3 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ↑ Gutiérrez, Federico (3 June 2023). "Petro, ¿nos tiene chuzados?" [Petro, has he wiretapped us?]. Semana. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ↑ "Fico Gutiérrez lanzó fuerte sablazo al Gobierno Petro, por escándalo de chuzadas a niñera de Laura Sarabia" [Fico Gutiérrez launched a strong attack on the Petro government over the wiretapping scandal involving Laura Sarabia's nanny]. El País Cali. 2 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ↑ Castillo, Camilo A. (2 June 2023). "¿'Chuzadas a una sirvienta'? Clara López pide perdón: 'mi lenguaje fue inapropiado'" ['Wiretaps on a servant'? Clara López apologizes: 'my language was inappropriate']. El Tiempo. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ↑ Ways, Thierry (3 June 2023). "'Nannygate'". El Tiempo (in Spanish). Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ↑ "Hallan muerto a relacionado con chuzadas a niñera de L. Sarabia: Petro dice que se suicidó" [Person connected to wiretaps on L. Sarabia's nanny found dead: Petro says he committed suicide]. La Patria (in Spanish). 6 October 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ↑ Press, Europa (22 June 2023). "Colombia.- Petro tacha de "mentiras" las acusaciones sobre su implicación en el suicidio de un coronel" [Colombia: Petro calls 'lies' the accusations about his involvement in a colonel's suicide]. www.notimerica.com. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ↑ "Lo grave es el muerto después de un polígrafo ilegal: Paloma Valencia sobre coronel Dávila" [What is serious is the dead man after an illegal polygraph: Paloma Valencia on Colonel Dávila]. W Radio (in Spanish). 21 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ↑ "Hoy el Gobierno está pendiendo de un hilo: María Fernanda Cabal tras audios de Benedetti" [Today the government is hanging by a thread: María Fernanda Cabal after Benedetti audios]. W Radio (in Spanish). 5 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- 1 2 "Armando un entrampamiento" [Building a frame-up]. Semanario Voz (in Spanish). 8 June 2023. Retrieved 24 June 2023.
- ↑ "¿Qué es un golpe blando al gobierno? A propósito de las insinuaciones del presidente Petro" [What is a soft coup against the government? Regarding President Petro's insinuations]. Caracol Radio (in Spanish). 8 June 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ↑ "Más de 370 personalidades de izquierda a nivel mundial respaldan el Gobierno de Petro" [More than 370 left-wing figures worldwide support Petro's government]. Caracol Radio (in Spanish). 7 June 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ↑ "Gustavo Petro atacó a la prensa por escándalo que salpica a Laura Sarabia desconociendo cubrimiento de SEMANA a confesiones de Mancuso" [Gustavo Petro attacked the press over the scandal splashing Laura Sarabia while ignoring SEMANA's coverage of Mancuso's confessions]. Semana. 29 May 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ↑ Semana (13 July 2024). "Este es el expediente del escándalo de corrupción en la UNGRD: informes secretos, interceptaciones, testimonios y documentos" [This is the case file of the corruption scandal in the UNGRD: secret reports, wiretaps, testimonies and documents]. Semana.com Últimas Noticias de Colombia y el Mundo (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 October 2024.
- 1 2 ELHERALDO.CO, Redacción (22 October 2024). "Vuelve y juega: UNGRD abre segunda licitación para asegurar carrotanques varados en La Guajira" [Here we go again: UNGRD opens second tender to insure stranded tanker trucks in La Guajira]. ELHERALDO.CO (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 October 2024.
- ↑ Semana (2 March 2024). "Este es el expediente de la Fiscalía por el escándalo de los carrotanques en La Guajira. Exdirector de la UNGRD sería interrogado" [This is the Prosecutor's Office case file on the tanker truck scandal in La Guajira. Former UNGRD director would be questioned]. Semana.com Últimas Noticias de Colombia y el Mundo (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 October 2024.
- ↑ País, El (22 October 2024). "La Ungrd abrió segunda licitación para asegurar los carrotanques de La Guajira" [The UNGRD opened a second tender to insure the tanker trucks of La Guajira]. Noticias de Cali, Valle y Colombia - Periodico: Diario El País (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 October 2024.
- ↑ Lugo, Valentina Parada (25 July 2024). "La Fiscalía revela sus pruebas en el caso de corrupción más grande del Gobierno de Petro" [The Prosecutor's Office reveals its evidence in the biggest corruption case of Petro's government]. El País América Colombia (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 October 2024.
- ↑ RCN, Noticias (14 August 2025). "Exclusivo" [Exclusive]. Noticias RCN (in Spanish). Retrieved 17 August 2025.
- ↑ Sánchez, Santiago Triana (15 August 2025). "Gustavo Petro pide a Nicaragua entregar a Carlos Ramón González por la trama de la UNGRD" [Gustavo Petro asks Nicaragua to hand over Carlos Ramón González over the UNGRD affair]. El País América Colombia (in Spanish). Retrieved 17 August 2025.
- ↑ Lancheros, Katherine (17 September 2024). "Day Vásquez sacudió el caso contra Nicolás Petro al ser cuestionada: "¿Quieren que se hable de la financiación?"" [Day Vásquez shook the case against Nicolás Petro when questioned: 'Do you want financing to be talked about?']. Infobae (in European Spanish). Retrieved 24 October 2024.
- ↑ AGENCIAS, RTVE es / (8 October 2024). "El Consejo Electoral de Colombia presenta cargos contra la campaña de Petro por presunta financiación irregular" [Colombia's Electoral Council files charges against Petro's campaign for alleged irregular financing]. RTVE.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 October 2024.
- ↑ "Nicolás Petro revela que financió ilegalmente la campaña de su padre en el 2022" [Nicolás Petro reveals that he illegally financed his father's campaign in 2022]. La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 4 August 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2024.
- ↑ EFE, RTVE es / (4 August 2023). "El hijo de Gustavo Petro admite haber financiado ilegalmente la campaña presidencial de su padre" [Gustavo Petro's son admits to illegally financing his father's presidential campaign]. RTVE.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 October 2024.
- ↑ "El CNE presenta cargos contra la campaña de Petro" [The CNE brings charges against Petro's campaign]. EFE Noticias (in European Spanish). 8 October 2024. Retrieved 24 October 2024.
- ↑ "El Consejo Nacional Electoral de Colombia presenta cargos contra la campaña de Petro por financiación irregular" [Colombia's National Electoral Council brings charges against Petro's campaign for irregular financing]. www.publico.es. 8 October 2024. Retrieved 24 October 2024.
- ↑ "Investigan a Gustavo Petro por financiación ilegal de su campaña y él habla del "inicio de un golpe de Estado"" [Gustavo Petro is investigated for illegal financing of his campaign and he speaks of the 'beginning of a coup d'etat']. El Español (in Spanish). 9 October 2024. Retrieved 24 October 2024.
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