National Democratic Alliance

For other organizations of the same name, see National Democratic Alliance (disambiguation).

The National Democratic Alliance (NDA) is an Indian multi-party political alliance, led by the country's biggest political party, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). It was founded on 15 May 1998. It currently has a majority in both the Rajya Sabha and the Lok Sabha, and controls the Government of India as well as the governments of 20 out of 28 Indian states and 2 out of 3 Union territories with legislative assemblies.

National Democratic Alliance
Abbreviation	NDA
Chairperson	Amit Shah
Rajya Sabha Leader	J. P. Nadda
Lok Sabha Leader	Narendra Modi (Prime Minister)
Founder	Atal Bihari Vajpayee Lal Krishna Advani Pramod Mahajan (Bharatiya Janata Party)
Founded	15 May 1998 (1998-05-15)
Ideology	Majority: National conservatism Right-wing populism Factions: Hindutva
Political position	Majority: Right-wing Factions: Centre-right to far-right
Alliance	39 parties NEDA (Northeast India) Kutami (Andhra Pradesh) MDA (Meghalaya) MY (Maharashtra) AIADMK+ (Tamil Nadu) PDA (Nagaland)
Seats in Rajya Sabha	144 / 245
Seats in Lok Sabha	292 / 543
Seats in State Legislative Councils	224 / 423
Seats in State Legislative Assemblies	2,315 / 4,126
Number of states and union territories in government	22 / 31
Politics of India Political parties Elections

Its first chairman was then Prime Minister of India, Atal Bihari Vajpayee, who served from 1998 until 2004. L. K. Advani, the former Deputy Prime Minister, took over as chairman in 2004 and served until 2014. Amit Shah has been the chairman since 2014.

The NDA controlled a majority in the Indian Parliament from 1998 to 2004. The alliance returned to power in the 2014 general elections with a combined vote share of 38.5%. BJP leader, Narendra Modi, was sworn in as Prime Minister of India on 26 May 2014, his party having won 282 of the 520 seats in the lower house. In the 2019 general election, the alliance further increased its tally to 353 seats with a combined vote share of 45.43%. The alliance lost 60 seats in the 2024 general election, but retained sufficient seats to form a coalition government. On 7 June 2024, Modi confirmed the support of 293 MPs to President Droupadi Murmu; he was then asked by her to form a government. This marked Modi's third term as Prime Minister and his first time heading a coalition government, with the Telugu Desam Party of Andhra Pradesh and Janata Dal (United) of Bihar emerging as two main allies.

History

Atal Bihari Vajpayee, first Prime Minister from NDA

Narendra Modi, second and current Prime Minister from NDA

The NDA was formed in May 1998 as a coalition to contest the general elections. The main aim of the NDA was to form an anti-Indian National Congress coalition. It was led by the BJP, and included several regional parties, including the Samata Party and the AIADMK, as well as Shiv Sena, but Shiv Sena broke away from the alliance in 2019 to join the Maha Vikas Aghadi with Congress and the NCP. Samata Party also broke away from the alliance in 2003 after formation of Janta Dal (United). The Shiv Sena was the only member which shared the Hindutva ideology of the BJP.

After the election, it was able to muster a slim majority with outside support from the Telugu Desam Party, allowing Atal Bihari Vajpayee to return as prime minister.

The government collapsed within a year because J. Jayalalithaa's AIADMK withdrew its support. After the entry of a few more regional parties, the NDA proceeded to win the 1999 elections with a larger majority. Vajpayee became Prime Minister for a third time, and this time served a full five-year term.

The NDA then called elections in early 2004, six months ahead of schedule. Its campaign was based around the slogan of "India Shining" which attempted to depict the NDA government as responsible for a rapid economic transformation of the country. However, the NDA suffered a defeat, winning only a 186 seats in the lower house, the Lok Sabha, compared to 222 of the United Progressive Alliance led by the Congress. Manmohan Singh thus succeeded Vajpayee as prime minister, serving for ten years 2004–14. Commentators have argued that the NDA's defeat was due to a failure to reach out to the rural masses. The political situation, however, changed again with the rise of NDA-aligned Gujarati Chief Minister, Narendra Modi, who went on to become India's Prime Minister following the NDA's success in the election of 2014.

Structure

Main article: List of National Democratic Alliance members

The National Democratic Alliance does not have a formal governing structure such as an executive board or politburo. It has been up to the leaders of the individual parties to make decisions on issues such as sharing of seats in elections, allocation of ministries and other issues that arise in parliament or more broadly. Given the varied ideologies among the parties, there have been many cases of disagreement and split voting amongst the allies making up the Alliance.

Owing to ill health, George Fernandes, who was the NDA convener until 2008, was discharged of his responsibility and replaced by Sharad Yadav, the then national president of the JD(U) political party. On 16 June 2013, the JD(U) left the coalition and Sharad Yadav resigned from the role of the NDA convener. Then the Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh N. Chandrababu Naidu was made the NDA convener. Later in 2018, after the withdrawal of TDP from NDA the post of convenor was vacant. However NDA allies like LJP demanded the appointment of a convenor in 2019 for better coordination of the allies.

On 27 July 2017, JD(U) with the help of BJP formed the government in Bihar. Later, on 19 August 2017, JD(U) formally rejoined the NDA after 4 years.

List of Chairmen

1. Atal Bihari Vajpayee – 1998 to 2004.
2. L. K. Advani – 2004 to 2014.
3. Amit Shah – 2014 to date.

List of Convenors

1. George Fernandes – 1998 to 2008.
2. Sharad Yadav – 2008 to 2013.
3. N. Chandrababu Naidu – 2013 to 2018.

Strength in parliament

Party wise

Party		Rajya Sabha	Lok Sabha	States/UTs
	Bharatiya Janata Party	113	240	National party
	Telugu Desam Party	2	16	Andhra Pradesh
	Janata Dal (United)	4	12	Bihar
	Shiv Sena	2	7	Maharashtra
	Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)	0	5	Bihar
	All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam	4	0	Tamil Nadu
	Nationalist Congress Party	3	1	Maharashtra
	Rashtriya Lok Dal	1	2	Uttar Pradesh
	Janata Dal (Secular)	1	2	Karnataka
	Janasena Party	0	2	Andhra Pradesh
	Asom Gana Parishad	1	1	Assam
	All Jharkhand Students Union	0	1	Jharkhand
	Apna Dal (Sonelal)	0	1	Uttar Pradesh
	Hindustani Awam Morcha	0	1	Bihar
	Sikkim Krantikari Morcha	0	1	Sikkim
	Rashtriya Lok Morcha	1	0	Bihar
	National People's Party	1	0	National party
	Republican Party of India (Athawale)	1	0	Maharashtra
	Pattali Makkal Katchi	1	0	Tamil Nadu
	Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar)	0	0	Tamil Nadu
	Bodoland People's Front	0	0	Assam
	Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam	0	0	Tamil Nadu
	Naga People's Front	0	0	Nagaland
	Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party	0	0	Uttar Pradesh
	Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party	0	0	Goa
	All India N.R. Congress	0	0	Puducherry
	Bharath Dharma Jana Sena	0	0	Kerala
	Twenty20 Kizhakkambalam	0	0	Kerala
	Indigenous People's Front of Tripura	0	0	Tripura
	Rashtriya Samaj Paksha	0	0	Maharashtra
	United Democratic Party	0	0	Meghalaya
	Hill State People's Democratic Party	0	0	Meghalaya
	Haryana Lokhit Party	0	0	Haryana
	Kerala Kamaraj Congress	0	0	Kerala
	Gorkha National Liberation Front	0	0	West Bengal
	Jan Surajya Shakti	0	0	Maharashtra
	Independent	2	0	Haryana Odisha
	NOM	7	0	None
Total		144	292	India

State/UT wise MPS

Source:

State/UT	Seats		BJP		NDA Allies				Overall Tally
	LS	RS	LS	RS	Party		LS	RS
States
Andhra Pradesh	25	11	3	2		TDP	16	2	21 / 25 4 / 11
						JSP	2	0
Arunachal Pradesh	2	1	2	1	None				2 / 2 1 / 1
Assam	14	7	9	4		AGP	1	1	10 / 14 5 / 7
Bihar	40	16	12	7		JD(U)	12	4	30 / 40 10 / 16
						LJP(RV)	5	0
						HAM(S)	1	0
						RLM	0	1
Chhattisgarh	11	5	10	2	None				1 / 5 10 / 11
Goa	2	1	1	1	None				1 / 2 1 / 1
Gujarat	26	11	25	10	None				10 / 11 25 / 26
Haryana	10	5	5	3		Independent	0	1	4 / 5 5 / 10
Himachal Pradesh	4	3	4	2	None				4 / 4 2 / 3
Jharkhand	14	6	8	3		AJSU	1	0	3 / 6 9 / 14
Karnataka	28	12	17	6		JD(S)	2	1	7 / 12 19 / 28
Kerala	20	9	1	0	None				0 / 9 1 / 20
Madhya Pradesh	29	11	29	8	None				8 / 11 29 / 29
Maharashtra	48	19	9	8		SHS	7	2	15 / 19 17 / 48
						NCP	1	4
						RPI(A)	0	1
Manipur	2	1	0	1	None				1 / 1 0 / 2
Meghalaya	2	1	0	1		NPP	1	0	1 / 1 0 / 2
Mizoram	1	1	0	0	None				0 / 1 0 / 1
Nagaland	1	1	0	1	None				1 / 1 0 / 1
Odisha	21	10	20	3		Independent	0	1	3 / 10 20 / 21
Punjab	13	7	0	6	None				6 / 7 0 / 13
Rajasthan	25	10	14	5	None				5 / 10 14 / 25
Sikkim	1	1	0	1		SKM	1	0	1 / 1 1 / 1
Tamil Nadu	39	18	0	0		AIADMK	0	5	5 / 18 0 / 39
						PMK	0	1
Telengana	17	7	8	0	None				0 / 7 8 / 17
Tripura	2	1	2	1	None				1 / 1 2 / 2
Uttar Pradesh	80	31	33	24		RLD	2	1	25 / 31 36 / 80
						AD(S)	1	0
Uttarakhand	5	3	5	3	None				3 / 3 5 / 5
West Bengal	42	16	12	3	None				3 / 16 12 / 42
Union Territories
Andaman and Nicobar Islands	1		1		None				1 / 1
Chandigarh	1		0		None				0 / 1
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu	2		1		None				1 / 2
Delhi	7	3	7	1	None				7 / 7 1 / 3
Jammu and Kashmir	5	4	2	1	None				2 / 5 1 / 4
Ladakh	1		0		None				0 / 1
Lakshadweep	1		0		None				0 / 1
Puducherry	1	1	0	1	None				0 / 1 1 / 1
Nominated		12		5		Nom		7	12 / 12
Total	543	245	240	113	Allies		52	33	292 / 543 146 / 245

State Governments

See also: List of chief ministers from the Bharatiya Janata Party

See also: List of current Indian deputy chief ministers

States run by the NDA government as of May 2026

The NDA is currently in power in 20 states and 2 union territories of India (out of 28 states and 3 union territories).

The NDA has never been in power in 2 states – Kerala, Telangana (between 1999 and 2004 BJP in alliance with TDP ruled a United Andhra Pradesh). But BJP led NDA has ruled many local governing institutions including corporations, municipalities, panchayats and has also been elected to many Lok Sabha constituencies, state assembly constituencies and local body divisions and wards in these 2 states.

17 states and 1 union territory currently have a Deputy Chief Minister, with 9 of them having two deputy chief ministers each. 12 of these states have deputy ministers from NDA, making for 23 of 28 incumbents.

S.No	State/UT	NDA Govt since	Chief Minister						Alliance Partners		Seats	Last election
			Name Cabinet	Portrait	Party		Seats	Since
1	Andhra Pradesh (list)	12 June 2024	N. Chandrababu Naidu Naidu IV			TDP	135	12 June 2024		JSP (21)	164/175	4 June 2024
										BJP (8)
2	Arunachal Pradesh (list)	16 September 2016	Pema Khandu Khandu V			BJP	46	16 September 2016	None		46/60	4 June 2024
3	Assam (list)	19 May 2016	Himanta Biswa Sarma Sarma			BJP	82	10 May 2021		AGP (10)	102/126	4 May 2026
										BPF (10)
4	Bihar (list)	28 January 2024	Samrat Choudhary Chaudhary			BJP	88	28 January 2024		JD(U) (85)	201/243	14 November 2025
										LJP(RV) (19)
										HAM(S) (5)
										RLM (4)
5	Chhattisgarh (list)	13 December 2023	Vishnu Deo Sai Sai			BJP	54	13 December 2023	None		54/90	3 December 2023
6	Delhi (list)	20 February 2025	Rekha Gupta Gupta			BJP	48	20 February 2025	None		48/70	05 February 2025
7	Goa (list)	6 March 2012	Pramod Sawant Sawant II			BJP	27	19 March 2019		MGP (2)	32/40	10 March 2022
										IND (3)
8	Gujarat (list)	28 February 1998	Bhupendrabhai Patel Patel II			BJP	162	13 September 2021		IND (2)	164/182	8 December 2022
9	Haryana (list)	19 October 2014	Nayab Singh Saini Saini II			BJP	48	12 March 2024		IND (3)	51/90	8 October 2024
10	Madhya Pradesh (list)	23 March 2020	Mohan Yadav Yadav			BJP	165	13 December 2023	None		165/230	3 December 2023
11	Maharashtra (list)	30 June 2022	Devendra Fadnavis Fadnavis III			BJP	132	5 December 2024		SHS (57)	237/288	23 November 2024
										NCP (41)
										JSS (2)
										RSPS (1)
										RSVA (1)
										RYSP (1)
										IND (2)
12	Manipur (list)	4 February 2026	Yumnam Khemchand Singh Singh			BJP	37	4 February 2026		NPF (5)	46/60	10 March 2022
										JD(U) (1)
										IND (3)
13	Meghalaya (list)	6 March 2018	Conrad Sangma Sangma II			NPP	33	6 March 2018		UDP (12)	51/60	2 March 2023
										BJP (2)
										HSPDP (2)
										IND (2)
14	Nagaland (list)	8 March 2018	Neiphiu Rio Rio V			NPF	34	8 March 2018		BJP (12)	60/60	2 March 2023
										NPP (5)
										RPI(A) (2)
										LJP(RV) (2)
										IND (5)
15	Odisha (list)	12 June 2024	Mohan Charan Majhi Majhi			BJP	79	12 June 2024		IND (14)	93/147	4 June 2024
16	Puducherry (list)	7 May 2021	N. Rangaswamy Rangaswamy IV			AINRC	10	7 May 2021		BJP (6)	18/30	2 May 2021
										IND (2)
17	Rajasthan (list)	15 December 2023	Bhajan Lal Sharma Sharma			BJP	118	15 December 2023		SHS (2)	127/200	3 December 2023
										RLD (1)
										IND (6)
18	Sikkim (list)	27 May 2019	Prem Singh Tamang Tamang II			SKM	32	27 May 2019	None		32/32	2 June 2024
19	Tripura (list)	9 March 2018	Manik Saha Saha II			BJP	33	15 May 2022		TMP (13)	47/60	2 March 2023
										IPFT (1)
20	Uttar Pradesh (list)	17 March 2017	Yogi Adityanath Yogi Adityanath II			BJP	258	17 March 2017		AD(S) (13)	291/403	10 March 2022
										RLD (9)
										SBSP (6)
										NISHAD (5)
										IND (3)
21	Uttarakhand (list)	18 March 2017	Pushkar Singh Dhami Dhami II			BJP	47	3 July 2021	None		47/70	10 March 2022
22	West Bengal (list)	9 May 2026	Suvendu Adhikari Adhikari			BJP	208	9 May 2026	None		208/294	23 & 29 April 2026

Strength in legislative assemblies

The following is a list of the current number of Members of Legislative Assembly (MLAs) from the BJP as well as other political parties in the NDA in each of the 28 Indian states and 3 Union territories with legislative assemblies. The NDA currently holds a majority of the seats in 20 states and two Union territories, out of which the BJP on its own holds a majority of the seats in 16 states and one Union territory.

Source: Digital Sansad

State/UT	Total	BJP	NDA (Other)		Overall NDA Tally	CM from	Last Election
Andhra Pradesh	175	8		TDP (135)	164 / 175	TDP	2024
				JSP (21)
Arunachal Pradesh	60	46		PPA (6)	59 / 60	BJP	2024
				NCP (3)
				NPP (1)
				IND (3)
Assam	126	82		AGP (10)	102 / 126	BJP	2026
				BPF (10)
Bihar	243	88		JD(U) (85)	201 / 243	BJP	2025
				LJP(RV) (19)
				HAM(S) (5)
				RLM (4)
Chhattisgarh	90	54	None		54 / 90	BJP	2023
Delhi	70	48	None		48 / 70	BJP	2025
Goa	40	27		MGP (2)	32 / 40	BJP	2022
				IND (3)
Gujarat	182	162		IND (2)	164 / 182	BJP	2022
Haryana	90	48		IND (3)	51 / 90	BJP	2024
Himachal Pradesh	68	28	None		28 / 68	INC	2022
Jammu and Kashmir	90	29	None		29 / 90	JKNC	2024
Jharkhand	81	21		AJSU (1)	24 / 81	JMM	2024
				JD(U) (1)
				LJP(RV) (1)
Karnataka	224	63		JD(S) (18)	81 / 224	INC	2023
Kerala	140	3	None		3 / 140		2026
Madhya Pradesh	230	165	None		165 / 230	BJP	2023
Maharashtra	288	132		SHS (57)	237 / 288	BJP	2024
				NCP (41)
				JSS (2)
				RSPS (1)
				RSVA (1)
				RYSP (1)
				IND (2)
Manipur	60	36		NPP (6)	51 / 60	BJP	2022
				NPF (5)
				JD(U) (1)
				IND (3)
Meghalaya	60	2		NPP (33)	51 / 60	NPP	2023
				UDP (12)
				HSPDP (2)
				IND (2)
Mizoram	40	2	None		2 / 40	ZPM	2023
Nagaland	60	12		NPF (34)	60 / 60	NPF	2023
				NPP (5)
				RPI(A) (2)
				LJP(RV) (2)
				IND (5)
Odisha	147	79		IND (14)	93 / 147	BJP	2024
Puducherry	33	4		AINRC (12)	20 / 33	AINRC	2026
				AIADMK (1)
				LJK (1)
				IND (2)
Punjab	117	2	None		2 / 117	AAP	2022
Rajasthan	200	118		SHS (2)	127 / 200	BJP	2023
				RLD (1)
				IND (6)
Sikkim	32	0		SKM (32)	32 / 32	SKM	2024
Tamil Nadu	234	1		AIADMK (47)	52 / 234		2026
				PMK (4)
Telangana	119	8	None		8 / 119	INC	2023
Tripura	60	33		TMP (13)	46 / 60	BJP	2023
				IPFT (1)
Uttar Pradesh	403	257		AD(S) (13)	294 / 403	BJP	2022
				RLD (9)
				SBSP (6)
				NISHAD (5)
				IND (4)
Uttarakhand	70	47	None		47 / 70	BJP	2022
West Bengal	294	207	None		208 / 294	BJP	2026
Total	4,126	1,812	720		2,534 / 4,126	NDA (22)

List of presidents

Note that it refers to nomination by alliance, as the offices of President are apolitical.

Presidents

Further information: List of presidents of India

No.	Portrait	Name (birth–death)	Term of office Electoral mandates Time in office		Previous post	Vice president	Party
11		A. P. J. Abdul Kalam (1931–2015)	25 July 2002	25 July 2007	Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India	Krishan Kant (2002) Bhairon Singh Shekhawat (2002–2007)	Independent
			2002
			5 years
			Kalam was an educator and engineer who played a leading role in the development of India's ballistic missile and nuclear weapons programs. He also received the Bharat Ratna. He was popularly known as "People's President".
14		Ram Nath Kovind (b.1945)	25 July 2017	25 July 2022	Governor of Bihar	Mohammad Hamid Ansari (2017) Venkaiah Naidu (2017–2022)	Bharatiya Janata Party
			2017
			5 years
			Kovind was governor of Bihar from 2015 to 2017 and a Member of Parliament from 1994 to 2006. He is the second Dalit president (after K. R. Narayanan) and is the first president from the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and is an active member of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) since his youth.
15		Droupadi Murmu (b.1958)	25 July 2022	Incumbent	Governor of Jharkhand	Venkaiah Naidu (2022) Jagdeep Dhankhar (2022–2025) C. P. Radhakrishnan(2025-)	Bharatiya Janata Party
			2022
			3 years, 304 days
			Murmu was governor of Jharkhand from 2015 to 2021 and the Member of the Odisha Legislative Assembly from 2000 to 2009. She held several ministerial portfolios in Government of Odisha. She is the first Tribal and second female President of India and is the second president from the Bharatiya Janata Party.

List of vice presidents

Further information: List of vice presidents of India

No.	Portrait	Name (birth–death)	Elected (% votes)	Took office	Left office	Term	President	Party
11		Bhairon Singh Shekhawat (1925–2010)	2002 (59.82%)	19 August 2002	21 July 2007	4 years, 336 days	A. P. J. Abdul Kalam	Bharatiya Janata Party
13		Venkaiah Naidu (b. 1949)	2017 (67.89%)	11 August 2017	11 August 2022	5 years	Ram Nath Kovind
14		Jagdeep Dhankhar (b. 1951)	2022 (74.5%)	11 August 2022	21 July 2025	2 years, 344 days	Droupadi Murmu
15		C. P. Radhakrishnan (b. 1957)	2025 (60.10%)	12 September 2025	Incumbent	255 days

Note that it refers to nomination by alliance, as the offices of Vice President are apolitical.

List of prime ministers

Further information: List of prime ministers of India

No.	Portrait	Prime ministers	Term in office			Lok Sabha	Cabinet	Constituency	Party
			Start	End	Tenure
1		Atal Bihari Vajpayee	16 May 1996	1 June 1996	6 years,80 days	11th	Vajpayee l	Lucknow	Bharatiya Janata Party
			19 March 1998	13 October 1999		12th	Vajpayee II
			13 October 1999	22 May 2004		13th	Vajpayee III
2		Narendra Modi	26 May 2014	30 May 2019	11 years, 364 days	16th	Modi I	Varanasi
			30 May 2019	9 June 2024		17th	Modi II
			9 June 2024	Incumbent		18th	Modi III

List of deputy prime ministers

Further information: List of deputy prime ministers of India

No.	Deputy Prime minister	Portrait	Term in office			Lok Sabha	Prime Minister	Constituency
			Start	End	Tenure
1	L. K. Advani		29 June 2002	22 May 2004	1 year, 328 days	13th	Atal Bihari Vajpayee	Gandhinagar

List of current chairpersons (with their deputies) and speakers (with their deputies)

Rajya Sabha

House	Chairperson	Party		Deputy Chairperson	Party
Rajya Sabha	C. P. Radhakrishnan	BJP		Harivansh	NOM

Lok Sabha

House	Speaker	Party		Deputy Speaker	Party
Lok Sabha	Om Birla	BJP		Vacant	N/A

State Legislative Councils

This is the list of current Chairpersons and Deputy Chairpersons of the legislative councils of the Indian states:

State	Chairperson	Party		Deputy Chairperson	Party
Bihar	Awadhesh Narain Singh	BJP		Ram Bachan Rai	JD(U)
Karnataka	Basavaraj Horatti	BJP		M. K. Pranesh	BJP
Maharashtra	Ram Shinde	BJP		Neelam Gorhe	SS
Uttar Pradesh	Kunwar Manvendra Singh	BJP		Vacant	N/A

Legislative Assemblies

This is the list of current Speakers and Deputy Speakers of the legislative assemblies of the Indian states and union territories:

States	Speaker	Party		Deputy Speaker	Party
Andhra Pradesh	Chintakayala Ayyanna Patrudu	TDP		Raghu Rama Krishna Raju	TDP
Arunachal Pradesh	Tesam Pongte	BJP		Kardo Nyigyor	BJP
Assam	Ranjeet Kumar Dass	BJP
Bihar	Prem Kumar	BJP		Narendra Narayan Yadav	JD(U)
Chhattisgarh	Raman Singh	BJP		Vacant	N/A
Goa	Ganesh Gaonkar	BJP		Joshua D'Souza	BJP
Gujarat	Shankar Chaudhary	BJP		Purnesh Modi	BJP
Haryana	Harvinder Kalyan	BJP		Krishan Lal Middha	BJP
Madhya Pradesh	Narendra Singh Tomar	BJP		Vacant	N/A
Maharashtra	Rahul Narwekar	BJP		Anna Bansode	NCP
Manipur	Thokchom Satyabrata Singh	BJP		Kongkham Robindro Singh	BJP
Meghalaya	Thomas A. Sangma	NPP		Limison D. Sangma	NPP
Nagaland	Sharingain Longkümer	NPF		S. Toiho Yeptho	NPF
Odisha	Surama Padhy	BJP		Bhabani Shankar Bhoi	BJP
Rajasthan	Vasudev Devnani	BJP		Vacant	N/A
Sikkim	Mingma Narbu Sherpa	SKM		Raj Kumari Thapa	SKM
Tripura	Ram Pada Jamatia	BJP		Ram Prasad Paul	BJP
Uttarakhand	Ritu Khanduri Bhushan	BJP		Vacant	N/A
Uttar Pradesh	Satish Mahana	BJP		Vacant	N/A
West Bengal	Rathindra Bose	BJP		Vacant	N/A

Union Territories	Speaker	Party		Deputy Speaker	Party
Delhi	Vijendra Gupta	BJP		Mohan Singh Bisht	BJP
Puducherry	Embalam R. Selvam	BJP		P. Rajavelu	AINRC

List of opposition leaders

State Legislative Councils

This is the list of current opposition leaders in the legislative councils of the Indian states:

State	Portrait	Name	Party
Karnataka		Chalavadi Narayanaswamy	Bharatiya Janata Party

State Legislative Assemblies

This is the list of current opposition leaders in the legislative assemblies of the Indian states and union territories:

State/UT	Portrait	Name	Party
Himachal Pradesh		Jai Ram Thakur	Bharatiya Janata Party
Jammu and Kashmir		Sunil Kumar Sharma
Jharkhand		Babulal Marandi
Karnataka		R. Ashoka

Member parties

Main article: List of National Democratic Alliance members

As of March 2025, there are 39 political parties that are members of the alliance. The Bharatiya Janata Party and the National People's Party are the only two political parties being recognised by the Election Commission of India as national parties. Other parties in the alliance are either recognised as state level parties or unrecognised parties.

Electoral performance

Election	Seats won	Change	Total votes	Share of votes	Swing	Status	NDA Leader
1998	265 / 543	New	150,679,142	40.90%	New	Government	Atal Bihari Vajpayee
1999	302 / 543	37	149,823,824	41.12%	3.84%	Government
2004	188 / 543	114	141,623,671	36.34%	2.52%	Opposition
2009	158 / 543	30	101,361,535	24.30%	4.94%	Opposition	L. K. Advani
2014	336 / 543	178	211,784,403	38.66%	12.00%	Government	Narendra Modi
2019	353 / 543	17	272,836,794	44.90%	10.28%	Government
2024	293 / 543	60	283,010,926	44.29%	0.61%	Government

All time-NDA Lok Sabha seat count

Electoral Performances post-2024

Since the 2024 Indian general election, 11 states and union territories have held their assembly elections. NDA has formed the government for 7 of those elections, including a return to power in Delhi and forming the government in West Bengal for the first time.

Election	Year	Seats won	Change	Total votes	Share of votes	Swing	Status	Leadership
Haryana	2024	48 / 90	8	5,548,800	39.94%	3.45%	Government	Nayab Singh Saini
Jammu and Kashmir	2024	29 / 90	4	14,62,225	25.63%	New	Opposition	Ravinder Raina
Maharashtra	2024	235 / 288	49	31,849,405	49.30%	7.14%	Government	Devendra Fadnavis, Ajit Pawar, Eknath Shinde
Jharkhand	2024	24 / 81	3	6,807,719	38.14%	4.68%	Opposition	Babulal Marandi, Sudesh Mahto, Khiru Mahto
Delhi	2025	48 / 70	40	4,473,899	47.15%	8.64%	Government	Rekha Gupta
Bihar	2025	202 / 243	81	23,383,298	46.56%	9.30%	Government	Samrat Choudhary, Nitish Kumar, Chirag Paswan, Jitan Ram Manjhi, Upendra Kushwaha
Assam	2026	102 / 126	27	1,04,03,165	48.01%	3.61%	Government	Himanta Biswa Sarma
Kerala	2026	3 / 140	3	30,66,385	14.20%	1.79%	Others	Rajeev Chandrasekhar
Puducherry	2026	18 / 30	2				Government	N. Rangaswamy
Tamil Nadu	2026	53 / 234	22	13,425,260	27.21%	14.85%	Others	Edappadi K. Palaniswami
West Bengal	2026	207 / 294	130	29,224,804	45.84%	7.69%	Government	Suvendu Adhikari

Timeline

1998

• The Telugu Desam Party (TDP) extended outside support to the NDA, allowing Atal Bihari Vajpayee to become the first BJP Prime Minister.

1999

• The All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam withdrew from the NDA, leading to the collapse of the First Vajpayee ministry.

2004

• TDP withdrew from the NDA.

2009

• The Telangana Rashtra Samithi in United Andhra Pradesh, joined the NDA on 10 May 2009 and subsequently denied the fact that it joined NDA and clarified that they only extended the support.
• Indian National Lok Dal in Haryana, joined the NDA on 19 September 2009, but later withdrawed it.

2011

• Kuldeep Bishnoi led Haryana Janhit Congress (BL) Joined NDA.
• Ramdas Athawale led Republican Party of India (A) Joined NDA.
• Ajit Singh led Rashtriya Lok Dal withdrawn from the NDA.

2012

Presidential election

Main article: 2012 Indian presidential election

• NDA nominated P. A. Sangma as its presidential candidate who lost against UPA's Pranab Mukherjee.

Vice-Presidential election

Main article: 2012 Indian vice presidential election

• Jaswant Singh was named as the candidate for the post of Vice-President against UPA's Hamid Ansari. Ansari won his second term in office.

2013

• On 16 June 2013, Nitish Kumar led Janta Dal United has withdrawn from NDA.
• On 13 September 2013, Narendra Modi declared as PM candidate for 2014 Elections.

2014

• On 1 January 2014, Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhhagam leader Vaiko has announced that MDMK formally joined back to NDA.
• The two small parties viz Kongunadu Munnetra Kazhagam and Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi have also joined NDA.
• The BJP would like two more southern parties such as Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam, Pattali Makkal Katchi to also join the alliance.
• In Maharashtra, two regional political outfits, Swabhimani Paksha and Rashtriya Samaj Paksha, joined NDA in January.
• The coalition of five parties is termed as Mahāyuti (Marathi: महायुति, lit. 'Grand Alliance'). So in Maharashtra now NDA alliance consist of 5 Parties viz BJP, Shiv Sena, Republican Party of India, Swabhimani Paksha and Rashtriya Samaj Paksha.
• On 23 February 2014, Rashtriya Lok Samata Party led by Upendra Kushwaha joined NDA and will be contesting at 3 Lok Sabha seats in Bihar.
• On 27 February 2014 Lok Janshakti Party led by Ram Vilas Paswan joined NDA It would contest at 7 Lok Sabha Seats in Bihar during 2014 Elections.
• DMDK will be fighting Lok Sabha Election through an alliance with BJP led NDA.
• Pattali Makkal Katchi led Social Democratic Alliance are the other allies of NDA in Tamil Nadu.
• Maharashtra Navnirman Sena : Its President, Raj Thackeray announced external support to NDA on 9 March 2014 which is marked as Party's formation day, supporting Narendra Modi as Prime Ministerial Candidate.
• Indian National Lok Dal : Its Gen. Sec., Sh. Ajay Singh Chautala announced external support to NDA, supporting Sh. Narendra Modi as Prime Ministerial Candidate.
• Lok Satta Party : President Shri J P Narayan announced external support to NDA, supporting Sh. Narendra Modi as Prime Ministerial Candidate
• All India NR Congress (AINRC) formally joined NDA on 13 March 2014 and will be contesting in Puducherry.
• On 6 April 2014, Telugu Desam Party rejoined the NDA after breaking the alliance in 2004 following the general election defeat.
• Shiv Sena Though Shiv Sena has quit Mahayuti in Maharashtra, before Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Elections 2014, but has decided to remain with NDA at the centre.
• All Jharkhand Students Union clinched an alliance with BJP for Jharkhand Assembly elections under which its junior partner will contest eight of the 81 seats in the state.

2015

• Bharatiya Janata Party on 27 February 2015 clinched an alliance with People's Democratic Party for Government Formation in Jammu and Kashmir under which its CM will be from PDP.
• In the month of November, BJP alliance lost the legislative assembly election in Bihar to the Mahagathbandhan comprising JD(U), RJD and the INC.

2016

• In January 2016, Bharatiya Janata Party clinched an alliance with Bodoland People's Front in Assam.
• In March 2016, after a meeting with AGP President Atul Bora and former Chief Minister Prafulla Kumar Mahanta, BJP formed an alliance with Asom Gana Parishad for upcoming Assam legislative assembly election 2016.
• BJP also aligned with Rabha and Tiwa Tribe outfit Rabha Jatiya Aikya Manch and Tiwa Jatiya Aikya Manch.
• In March 2016, BJP forged an alliance with Kerala-based Ezhava outfit Bharath Dharma Jana Sena Party for Kerala Elections 2016.
• Following BJP's victory in the Assam Legislative Assembly Elections 2016, the party formed an alliance of like-minded non-Congress parties in the Northeast, called the North-East Democratic Alliance, consisting of 11 regional parties of Northeast India.
• Himanta Biswa Sarma, BJP leader from Assam has been appointed Convener of the regional alliance.
• On 21 December 2016, Khandu was suspended from the party by the party president and Takam Pario was named as the next likely Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh replacing Khandu after People's Party of Arunachal suspended Khandu along with 6 other MLAs.
• In December 2016, Khandu proved majority on the floor of the legislative assembly with 33 of the People's Party of Arunachal's 43 legislators joining the Bharatiya Janata Party as the BJP increased its strength to 45 and had the support of two independents. He became second Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh of Bharatiya Janata Party in Arunachal Pradesh after the 44 days lead Gegong Apang government in 2003.

2017

• In January 2017, Bharatiya Janata Party's alliance partner Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party in Goa and Shiv Sena in Maharashtra came together to contest Goa Legislative Assembly election in 2017 against the BJP with another Sangh Pariwar group called Goa Suraksha Manch.
• The results of the 2017 Goa Assembly election gave rise to a hung assembly since no political party could achieve a complete majority of 21 in the 40 member Goa Legislative Assembly.
• The Indian National Congress emerged the largest party with 17 seats but ultimately, the Bharatiya Janata Party which emerged victorious in 13 constituencies formed the government with the support of the Goa Forward Party, Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party and independents.
• The Goa Forward Party expressed its support to the Bharatiya Janata Party on the condition that the then Union Defence Minister of India Manohar Parrikar would return to Goa as the Chief Minister of Goa.
• On 15 March 2017, N. Biren Singh was sworn as the Chief Minister by having coalition with NPP, NPF, LJP and others, the first time that BJP formed a government in Manipur, though the INC emerged as the single largest party.
• On 27 July 2017, Janata Dal (United) rejoined NDA and formed a coalition government with Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in Bihar with Nitish Kumar as the Chief Minister and Sushil Kumar Modi as the Deputy Chief Minister, and with that BJP completed its domination in Hindi belt.

2018

• On 9 March 2018, Biplab Kumar Deb was sworn as the Chief Minister having a pre-poll alliance with IPFT, the first time that BJP formed a government in Tripura.
• On 16 March 2018, Telugu Desam Party withdrew from the NDA citing the BJP's failure to fulfill the promises made in the State Reorganisation Act and to grant special status to Andhra Pradesh.
• Rashtriya Lok Samata Party (RLSP) withdrew from the NDA on 10 December 2018, citing a lack of progress on development in Bihar.
• In December 2018's state elections, the NDA lost elections in Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Chhattisgarh to the INC. In Chhattisgarh, BJP was defeated by the INC with 3/4th majority. It was also defeated by the TRS in Telangana and BJP managed to win only 1 seat out of the 119 constituencies in Telangana

2019

• On 7 January 2019, the AGP withdrew from the NDA and also from the Assam Government on the issue of citizenship amendment bill.
• On 21 January 2019, the GJM withdrew from the NDA and extended the support to Mamata Banerjee .
• On 19 February 2019, AIADMK and PMK rejoined NDA and BJP announced that "They will contest 5 Lok sabha seats in Tamil Nadu".
• On 19 February 2019, Pattali Makkal Katchi rejoined NDA
• BJP announced that "They will contest 5 Lok sabha seats in Tamil Nadu".
• On 10 March 2019, DMDK rejoined NDA.
• On 8 March 2019 in Sikkim, BJP joined hands with opposition party SKM
• On 12 March 2019 in Assam, BJP joined hands with old ally AGP
• On 12 March 2019 in Maharashtra, Rayat Kranti Sanghatana is a part of NDA
• On 25 March 2019 in Tamil Nadu, Puthiya Needhi Katchi is a part of Alliance
• On 4 April 2019 in Rajasthan, BJP joined hands with the RLP
• On 5 April 2019 in Uttar Pradesh, Nishad Party joined hands with NDA
• On 23 May 2019 NDA won the 2019 Indian General election with record breaking 352 seats with its allys
• In May 2019, NDA lost state elections of Andhra Pradesh & Odisha
• In May 2019, NDA won the state elections of Arunachal Pradesh & Sikkim.
• On 25 October 2019 in Haryana, JJP joined hands with NDA to forming a stable government at Haryana with BJP
• On 11 November 2019 in Maharashtra, Shiv Sena exited from the NDA, as BJP was not willing to agree for Sharing CM Post with Shiv Sena to form government in Maharashtra.
• In November 2019, NDA won the state election of Haryana
• In November 2019, NDA lost the state election of Maharashtra
• On 15 November 2019 in Jharkhand, BJP, AJSU sever ties in Jharkhand days before Assembly elections 2019.
• On 23 November 2019 in Maharashtra, NCP (Ajit Pawar Faction) joined NDA, Ajit Pawar took oath as Maharashtra's Deputy Chief Minister.
• On 26 November 2019 in Maharashtra, Ajit Pawar resigns as Maharashtra's Deputy Chief Minister. With immediate effect Devendra Fadnvis also resigns from the post of CM of Maharashtra. His term becomes the shortest term as Maharashtra's Chief Minister.
• In December 2019, NDA lost the state election of Jharkhand.

2020

• On 16 January 2020 Jana Sena of Pawan Kalyan announced that tying up with Bharatiya Janata Party in Andhra Pradesh, this decision came after Chief minister Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy's intention to decentralise the capital, instead of developing Amaravati.
• Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik) led by Babulal Marandi merged with the Bharatiya Janata Party on 17 February 2020, at Jagannathpur Maidan, Ranchi in presence of Union Home Minister Amit Shah, BJP president Jagat Prakash Nadda and former Chief Ministers of Jharkhand Arjun Munda and Raghubar Das.^{[excessive citations]} Earlier, Marandi expelled MLAs Pradeep Yadav and Bandhu Tirkey from the party for "anti-party activities". Both of them later joined Indian National Congress in its Delhi headquarters.
• In February 2020, NDA lost the state election of Delhi
• In August 2020, Hindustani Awam Morcha re-joined NDA & granted 7 seats to contest in 2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election.
• Shiromani Akali Dal announced leaving NDA in September 2020.
• In October 2020, the Vikassheel Insaan Party which had left the Mahagathbandhan (Bihar) joined the National Democratic Alliance and was granted 11 seats to contest.
• In October 2020, The All Jharkhand Students Union re-joined NDA.
• In October 2020, Gorkha Janmukti Morcha broke the alliance ahead of 2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election and allied with All India Trinamool Congress.
• In October 2020, Kerala Congress (Thomas) broke the alliance ahead of 2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election and allied with United Democratic Front.
• In November 2020, BJP had the alliance with Bodoland People's Front ahead of 2020 Bodoland Territorial Council election.^{[irrelevant citation]}
• In November 2020, NDA won the state election of Bihar.
• In December 2020, United People's Party Liberal and Gana Suraksha Party joined the NDA and NEDA as alliance to Executive Committee in Bodoland Territorial Council.
• In December 2020, Rashtriya Loktantrik Party broken the alliance on the issue of 3 agriculture reforms laws.

2021

• In March 2021, Kerala Congress (Thomas) Has Withdrawn alliance ahead of 2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election And Joined United Democratic Front.
• In March 2021, Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam broken the alliance for not issuing demanded number of constituency in the 2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election.
• In April 2021, Goa Forward Party withdrew from the NDA for a variety of reasons, ranging from environmental issues to BJP apathy towards unemployment.
• In May 2021, NDA lost state elections of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, West Bengal
• In May 2021, NDA won state elections of Assam & Puducherry.
• In May 2021, Sukhdev Singh Dhindsa led Shiromani Akali Dal (Sanyukt) joined NDA.
• In December 2021, Captain Amrinder Singh led Punjab Lok Congress joined NDA.

2022

• In January 2022, Simarjit Singh Bains led Lok Insaaf Party joined NDA.
• In January 2022, Simarjit Singh Bains led Lok Insaaf Party broken the alliance for not issuing demanded number of constituency in the 2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election.
• Bodoland People's Front rejoined NDA.
• NDA won the state elections of Uttar Pradesh, Goa, Uttarakhand & Manipur.
• NDA lost the state elections of Punjab.
• In June 2022 Shivsena leader Eknath Shinde along with rebel MLAs joined NDA and formed a government on 30 June 2022 with Shinde as Chief Minister of Maharashtra and BJP leader Devendra Fadnavis as Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra .
• After Goa Assembly elections 2022 Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party extended support to NDA.
• On 9 August 2022, Nitish Kumar led Janata Dal (United) has withdrawn from NDA.
• On 19 September, Capt. Amrinder Singh led Punjab Lok Congress merged with BJP
• NDA won state elections of Gujarat.
• NDA lost the state elections of Himachal Pradesh.

2023

• In February, BJP broke alliance with National People's Party to contest all seats in 2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election
• NDA won state elections in Tripura, Meghalaya and Nagaland.
• NDA lost state election in Karnataka.
• In June 2023 Hindustani Awam Morcha Joined NDA
• In July 2023 MLAs from NCP led by Ajit Pawar joined NDA and Ajit Pawar took oath as the Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra
• In July 2023 Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party Joined NDA
• In September 2023, Janata Dal (Secular) joined NDA
• On 25 September 2023, AIADMK left the NDA alliance.
• In December 2023, NDA made a record breaking victory in the decisive states of Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan, routing the incumbent Congress. The NDA lost in Telangana.

2024

• On 28 January 2024, Nitish Kumar led Janata Dal (United) rejoined NDA by quitting Mahagathbandhan and I.N.D.I.A. Alliance. It formed a coalition government with Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in Bihar with Nitish Kumar as the Chief Minister and two Deputy Chief Ministers from BJP.
• On 8 February 2024, Nationalist Congress Party officially enters the alliance after Election Commission of India recognitions it to be the legitimate party over the Sharad Pawar led faction.
• On 9 February 2024, Rashtriya Lok Dal led by Jayant Singh entered the alliance after securing deal of two Lok Sabha seats in Uttar Pradesh with BJP.
• On 7 March 2024, Tipra Motha Party joined NDA and two ministers sworn in Tripura Government.
• On 9 March 2024, TDP rejoined the NDA, forming a three-party coalition colloquially referred to in Telugu as Kūṭami (Telugu: కూటమి, lit. 'Alliance') comprising the BJP, Janasena Party and Telugu Desam Party. As part of the arrangement, the TDP and Janasena contested 17 and 2 seats, respectively in the general elections, and 144 and 21 seats, respectively in the Andhra Pradesh state legislative assembly elections.
• On 4 June, NDA made a record breaking victory in the 2024 Indian general election as the alliance recorded its third consecutive victory. NDA also made a record breaking victory in the decisive states of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim and Odisha, where it defeated the incubment BJD government, which was in power for the last 24 years.
• In October 2024, NDA made a record breaking victory in the decisive state of Haryana, routing the Congress. The NDA lost in Jammu and Kashmir, though it managed to increase its seats and garner the most votes. It did particularly well in Jammu region.
• In November 2024, NDA made a record breaking landslide victory in the decisive state of Maharashtra, routing the Congress led alliance. The NDA lost in Jharkhand.

2025

• In February 2025, BJP wins election of NCT Delhi assembly and comes to power after 27 years.
• On 11 April 2025, AIADMK General Secretary Edappadi K. Palaniswami and BJP leader and Home Minister Amit Shah announced their alliance for 2026 Tamil Nadu Assembly election on a Joint Press Conference at Chennai; thus AIADMK rejoining NDA.
• In November 2025, NDA made a record breaking landslide victory in the decisive state of Bihar, routing the RJD led alliance. The BJP, for the first time won the most seats in Bihar.

2026

• In May 2026, BJP makes a landslide victory in West Bengal, winning more than two-thirds of the assembly and forming government in the state for the first time. NDA also retains Assam and Puducherry by a decisive mandate. NDA records its best performance in Kerala. NDA loses in Tamil Nadu.

See also

• North-East Democratic Alliance
• United Progressive Alliance, now defunct
• Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance

External links

• National Democratic Alliance (NDA) at the Encyclopædia Britannica