Wiktionary

lac

See also: Appendix:Variations of "lac"

Translingual

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Etymology

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Clipping of English Lacandon.

Symbol

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lac

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Lacandon.

See also

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English

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Portuguese laca, from Hindi लाख (lākh)/Urdu لاکھ (lākh) or cognates in other Indo-Aryan languages, from Sanskrit लाक्षा (lākṣā). Doublet of lacquer.

Noun

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lac (countable and uncountable, plural lacs)

  1. A resinous substance or lacquer produced mainly on the banyan tree by the female of Kerria lacca, a scale insect.
    • 2019 November 5, Alice Bell, “Can science break its plastic addiction?”, in CNN‎[3]:
      At the turn of the century, the ever-expanding electrical industry was running low on shellac, a resin secreted by the female lac bug which could be used as an insulating material.
Derived terms
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Translations
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Etymology 2

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Noun

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lac (plural lacs)

  1. Dated spelling of lakh.
    • 1804, R[obert] Montgomery Martin, quoting Yashwantrao Holkar, “Section II. European Intercourse—Rise and Growth of British Power.”, in The Indian Empire: […], volume I (History, Topography, Population, Government, Finance, Commerce, and Staple Products), London; New York, N.Y.: The London Printing and Publishing Company, published [1858], →OCLC, page 399, column 2:
      […] Lake [i.e., Gerard Lake, 1st Viscount Lake] should not have leisure to breathe for a moment, and calamities would fall on lacs of human beings in continued war by the attacks of his army, which would overwhelm like the waves of the sea.
    • 1878 August, “Contemporary Portraits. New Series.—No. 8. Charles Darwin, F.R.S.”, in The University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review, volume II, London: Hurst & Blackett, […], →OCLC, page 154:
      The Laccadives and Maldives, for instance, meaning literally the "lac of islands" and the "thousand islands," are a series of such atolls; […]

Etymology 3

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From Cadillac.

Noun

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lac (plural lacs)

  1. (slang) Clipping of Cadillac
    Synonyms: caddie, caddy
    Last night I was driving around in my lac.
    • 1992, Big Mello, Bone Hard Zaggin, Rap-A-Lot Records, track 5. "Mac's Drive 'Lac's"
      Macs drive lacs.
    • 2005, “Drive Slow”, in Late Registration, performed by Kanye West:
      The candy gloss is immaculate, it's simply amazing / Them elbows poking wide on that candy ’Lac

Etymology 4

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From laceration.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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lac (countable and uncountable, plural lacs)

  1. (medicine, colloquial) Laceration.
    hand lac

Anagrams

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Aromanian

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Etymology

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From Latin lacus (“lake”), from Proto-Indo-European *lókus (“lake, pool”).

Noun

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lac

  1. lake

Dalmatian

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Etymology

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From Latin lacus (“lake”), from Proto-Indo-European *lókus (“lake, pool”).

Noun

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lac m

  1. lake

Franco-Provençal

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Alternative forms

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Noun

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lac (ORB, broad)

  1. alternative form of lèc (“lake”)

References

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  • lac in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca

French

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French Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia fr

Etymology

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Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *lókus
Proto-Italic *lakus
Latin lacuslbor.?
Old French lac
Middle French lac
French lac

    Inherited from Middle French lac, from Old French lac, which displaced earlier lai (“pit, trench, ditch, grave, mere, pond”, see in lac). Generally inferred as a borrowing of Latin lacus (“lake”).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    lac m (plural lacs)

    1. lake

    Derived terms

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    Further reading

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    Anagrams

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    K'iche'

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    Noun

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    lac

    1. (Classical K'iche') plate

    Latin

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    Latin Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia la
     
    Poculum lactis.

    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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    From lact by simplification of a word-final sequence of two plosives (the variant nominative/accusative form lacte shows the addition of a vowel as an alternative). The etymology is controversial: there is no consensus on the cognate set, the manner of descent (inheritance vs. borrowing), or the form and ultimate origin of the etymon.

    Possible cognates include Ancient Greek γάλα (gála, “milk”, stem γᾰ́λᾰκτ- (gắlăkt-)), Old Armenian կաթն (katʻn, “milk”) and its likely variant *կաղց (*kałcʻ),[1] Hittite 𒂵𒆷𒀝𒋻 (galaktar, “balm, resin”), Albanian dhallë (“buttermilk”), Romanian zară (“buttermilk”) and Waigali zōr (“milk”).

    More information

    Pokorny reconstructs the Latin and Greek words as inherited from Proto-Indo-European *glakt n from a root *glag- or *glak-.[2] De Vaan derives the Latin, Greek and Armenian forms from Proto-Indo-European *gl̥gt-, and follows Meiser in explaining the loss of initial *g- in Latin as a result of long-distance dissimilation.[3] Per Nielsen, the Latin and Greek words can be derived from *glakt-, Old Armenian *կաղց (*kałcʻ) can be derived from *g(a)l(ḱ)t- (requiring an initial non-palatal velar), and Albanian dhallë can perhaps be derived from *ǵal(K)- (requiring an initial palatal velar); on the basis of the variability in the initial consonant and the unusual root structure, Nielsen considers the root to be non-Indo-European in origin.[1]

    Garnier, Sagart and Sagot 2017 attempt to derive the term from the root *h₂melǵ- (“milk”), instead: citing Garnier 2016's reconstruction of a verb *ambi-blactāre (“to milk with both hands”) > *amblactāre, they suppose that it was subsequently reanalyzed as *amb-lactāre > lactāre, which subsequently yielded the noun lact (> lac) via back-formation.[4]

    For another possible relation, see dulcis.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    lac n (genitive lactis); third declension

    1. milk
      Cum lacte nutricis. ― With the nurse's milk.
    2. for something sweet, pleasant
      • c. 189 BCE, Plautus, Truculentus 178–179:
        In melle sunt linguae sitae vostrae atque orationes, lacteque; corda felle sunt lita, atque acerbo aceto.
        In honey your tongues and speeches are dipped, and in milk; your hearts are smeared with gall and with bitter vinegar.
      • c. 95 CE, Quintilianus, Institutio oratoria 2.4.5:
        […] , ut [doctores] teneras adhuc mentes […] satiari velut quodam iucundioris disciplinae lacte patiantur.
        […] , that teachers may let minds tender still be satisfied as by the milk of a more pleasant discipline.
    3. milky juice
      Lac herbae. ― Milk of a plant.
      cum lacte veneni. ― with poisonous milk.
      • c. 1st century BCE, Anonymous (formerly misattributed to Ovid), Nux
        Lamina mollis adhuc tenero dum lacte, quod intro est,
        nec mala sunt ulli nostra futura bono.
        As their nutshell still remains soft with something tenderly milky inside,
        my future fruits are not good to anyone.
    4. (poetic) milk-white color
      • 2 CE, Ovidius, Ars Amatoria 1.290:
        Forte sub umbrosis nemorosae vallibus Idae
        candidus, armenti gloria, taurus erat,
        signatus tenui media inter cornua nigro;
        una fuit labes, cetera lactis erant.
        As fortune had it, in the shadowy valleys of forested Ida,
        there was a white bull, the glory of its herd,
        marked by slightly black colour between its horns;
        the blemish was (only) one, the rest were milk-white.

    Usage notes

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    • Rarely used in the plural.

    Declension

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    Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

    singular plural
    nominative lac lacta
    genitive lactis lactum
    dative lactī lactibus
    accusative lac lacta
    ablative lacte lactibus
    vocative lac lacta

    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    • Late Latin: lactis (see there for further descendants)
    • Borrowings:

    See also

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    References

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    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nielsen, R.T. (2023), Prehistoric loanwords in Armenian: Hurro-Urartian, Kartvelian, and the unclassified substrate, pages 163-165
    2. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959), “glag-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 400
    3. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “lac”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 320
    4. ^ Romain Garnier; Laurent Sagart; Benoît Sagot (2017), “13. Milk and the Indo-Europeans”, in Martine Robbeets, Alexander Savelyev, editors, Language Dispersal Beyond Farming, John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2.2.2, page 302

    Further reading

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    • “lac”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • “lac”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
    • "lac", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
    • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎[4], London: Macmillan and Co.
      • (ambiguous) to imbibe error from one's mother's breasts: errorem cum lacte nutricis sugere (Tusc. 3. 1. 2)

    Middle French

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    Etymology

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      From Old French lac, a replacement of earlier lai (“pit, trench, ditch, grave, mere, pond”). Generally inferred as a borrowing of Latin lacus (“lake”), from Proto-Indo-European *lókus (“lake, pool”).

      Noun

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      lac m (plural lacs)

      1. lake; pond
      2. pit (hole in the ground)

      Descendants

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      References

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      • lac on Dictionnaire du Moyen Français (1330–1500) (in French)

      Norman

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      Etymology

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      From Old French lac, from Latin lacus (“lake”), from Proto-Indo-European *lókus (“lake, pool”).

      Noun

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      lac m (plural lacs)

      1. (Jersey, geography) lake

      Occitan

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      Etymology

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      Inherited from Old Occitan lac, from Latin lacus (“lake”), from Proto-Indo-European *lókus (“lake, pool”).

      Pronunciation

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      Noun

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      lac m (plural lacs)

      1. lake

      References

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      • "lac", in dicodòc: multidiccionari occitan (oc→fr)
      • Diccionari General de la Lenga Occitana‎[5], L’Academia occitana – Consistòri del Gai Saber, 2008-2026, page 398

      Old English

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      Alternative forms

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      Etymology

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      From Proto-West Germanic *laik, from Proto-Germanic *laikaz, compare *laikaną. Cognates include Old Norse leikr (whence Danish leg (“game”), Swedish leka (“to play”)), Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌺𐍃 (laiks, “dance”).

      Pronunciation

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      Noun

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      lāc n or f

      1. play, sport
      2. battle, strife
      3. gift, offering, sacrifice, booty; message
        • late 10th century, Ælfric, Lives of Saints
          Æfter þisum bebēad sē ablenda Datianus þæt mann his dēadan godas dēorwurþlīċe frætewode and þæt deofles templ mid dēorwurþan seolfre, and hēt þider lǣdan þone, wende þæt hē wolde wurþian his godas and his lāc ġeoffrian þām līflēasum godum.
          After this the blinded Datianus ordered that his dead gods be richly adorned and that the Devil's temple be adorned with silver, and ordered the faithful martyr to be brought to there, so that he would worship and offer sacrifices to the lifeless gods.
        Hie drihtne lac begen brohton.
        They both brought an offering to the Lord.

      Declension

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      when neuter

      Strong a-stem:

      singular plural
      nominative lāc lāc
      accusative lāc lāc
      genitive lāces lāca
      dative lāce lācum
      when feminine

      Strong ō-stem:

      singular plural
      nominative lāc lāca, lāce
      accusative lāce lāca, lāce
      genitive lāce lāca
      dative lāce lācum

      Derived terms

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      Descendants

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      Old French

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      Alternative forms

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      Etymology

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        Generally assumed to be a borrowing of Latin lacus (“basin, tank, tub, reservoir, pond”), displacing the native Old French lai (“pit, grave, trench, mere, pond”), inherited from the same Latin term, by the early 13th century. Latin lacus derives from Proto-Indo-European *lókus (“lake, pool”).

        The displacement of Old French lai may have been assisted by influence from early Middle English lac, lace (“lake, pond, pool", also "pit, ditch, trench”), from Old English lacu (“pool, pond, lake”), due to lac's sudden spread in Old French following the annexation of English controlled Normandy into the kingdom of France in 1204. An outright borrowing of the term from Middle English rather than from the Latin is also not outside the realm of possibility, as the earliest attestations of Old French lac are in the Eadwine Psalter (written by Anglo-Saxon and Anglo-Norman scribes in England) and Erec and Enide (an Arthurian romance, whose author was heavily influenced by English, Anglo-Norman, and Celtic writings).

        The Old Occitan lac, laz, latz (“snare, noose", also "pit, hole”), which some theorise as leading to the Old French form (with c), is actually derived from a different Latin root related to Old French laz (“snare, noose, lace”), and possibly conflated with Old High German lacha (“ditch, trench, pool”). See Italian lacca (“hole, pit”).

        However, there is also the homonymous Old Occitan lac (“lake; pit”) from Latin lacus, which is thus cognate with Old French lai, and the most obvious explanation is that the Old French word is simply borrowed from this one.

        Noun

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        lac oblique singular, m (oblique plural las, nominative singular las, nominative plural lac)

        1. body of water, lake
        2. ditch, trench
        3. pit, hole; den

        Descendants

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        Old Irish

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        Etymology

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        From Proto-Celtic *laggos, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)leh₁g-.

        Pronunciation

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        Adjective

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        lac

        1. weak, feeble
        2. (hair) soft, smooth

        Derived terms

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        Descendants

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        Mutation

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        Mutation of lac
        radical lenition nasalization
        lac
        also llac in h-prothesis environments        		 lac
        pronounced with /l-/        		 lac
        also llac

        Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
        All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

        Further reading

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        Old Occitan

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        Etymology

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        Inherited from Latin lacus (“lake”), from Proto-Indo-European *lókus (“lake, pool”).

        Noun

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        lac m (oblique plural lacs, nominative singular lacs, nominative plural lac)

        1. lake
        2. pit (hole in the ground)

        Descendants

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        References

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        • “lac”, in Dictionnaire de l’occitan médiéval en ligne (in German and French), Munich: LMU, 2013–2026

        Romanian

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        Etymology

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        Inherited from Latin lacus (“lake”), from Proto-Indo-European *lókus (“lake, pool”). Compare Aragonese laco, Catalan llac, Esperanto lago, French lac, Italian lago, Maltese lag, Portuguese lago, Sardinian lagu, Spanish lago.

        Noun

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        lac n (plural lacuri)

        1. lake

        Declension

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        singular plural
        indefinite definite indefinite definite
        nominative-accusative lac lacul lacuri lacurile
        genitive-dative lac lacului lacuri lacurilor
        vocative lacule lacurilor

        Derived terms

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        Romansh

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        Etymology

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        (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

        Pronunciation

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          This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

        Noun

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        lac m

        1. paint

        Synonyms

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        Zazaki

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        Alternative forms

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        Etymology

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        Compare Middle Armenian լաճ (lač).

        Pronunciation

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        Noun

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        lac m

        1. son[2]
          O lacê mıno. ― He is my son.
          Lacê to lacê mı rê vano. ― Your son says to my son.
        2. boy
          Çı lacê do rındo. ― What a beautiful boy.

        References

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        1. ^ Todd, Terry Lynn (2008), Brigitte Werner, editor, A Grammar of Dimili (also Known as Zaza)‎[1], an electronic version of printed second edition (2002), Giessen: Forum Linguistik in Eurasien e.V., page 145b
        2. ^ Keskin, Mesut (2010), “lac”, in Wörterverzeichnis Zazaki-Deutsch, Deutsch-Zazaki‎[2] (PDF), page 9a
        Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=lac&oldid=91740946"