Wiktionary

iris

See also: Appendix:Variations of "iris"

English

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Etymology

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Etymology tree
Ancient Greek ϝῖρῐς (wîrĭs)
Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris)bor.
Latin irisbor.
English iris

    From Middle English iris, from Latin īris, from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris, “rainbow”). Presuming an earlier form *ϝῖρις (*wîris), possibly from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *w(e)ih₁-ro- (“a twist, thread, cord, wire”), from *weh₁y- (“to turn, twist, weave, plait”). If so, it would be cognate to English wire.

    This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
    Particularly: “Online Etymology Dictionary: The eye region was so called (early 15c. in English) for being the part that gives color to the eye; the Greek word was used of any brightly colored circle, "as that round the eyes of a peacock's tail" [Liddell & Scott]”

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    A plant of the genus Iris.
     
    Illustration showing parts of the human eye, including the iris.
     
    Frontal view of the iris of a human eye.

    iris (plural irises or iris or irides) (See Usage notes)

    2. (botany) A plant of the genus Iris, common in the northern hemisphere, and generally having attractive blooms (See   Iris (plant) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia ).
      Synonym: fleur-de-lis
      • 1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, “Afterglow”, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC, page 168:
        Breezes blowing from beds of iris quickened her breath with their perfume; she saw the tufted lilacs sway in the wind, and the streamers of mauve-tinted wistaria swinging, all a-glisten with golden bees; she saw a crimson cardinal winging through the foliage, and amorous tanagers flashing like scarlet flames athwart the pines.
    4. (anatomy) The contractile membrane perforated by the pupil, which adjusts to control the amount of light reaching the retina, and which forms the colored portion of the eye (See   Iris (anatomy) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia ).
    5. (photography, cinematography) A diaphragm used to regulate the size of a hole, especially as a way of controlling the amount of light reaching a lens.
    6. (poetic) A rainbow, or other colourful refraction of light.
    7. (electronics) A constricted opening in the path inside a waveguide, used to form a resonator.
    8. (zoology) The inner circle of an oscillated color spot.

    Usage notes

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    • For the part of the eye, the most common plural is irises, though irides is usual in medical contexts.
    • For the flower both iris and irises are in common use.

    Quotations

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    For quotations using this term, see Citations:iris.

    Derived terms

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    Translations

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    Further reading

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    Verb

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    iris (third-person singular simple present irises, present participle irising, simple past and past participle irised)

    1. (of an aperture, lens, or door) To open or close in the manner of an iris.
    2. (literary) To cause (something) to shine with the colours of the rainbow; to make iridescent.
      Synonym: iridize
      • 1834, Jacob Abbott, chapter 1, in The Corner-Stone‎[1], Boston: William Peirce, page 31:
        Pure, transparent, glistening in the sun, and irised by a thousand hues, which float and wave and spread in graceful and ceaseless motion on its surface!
      • 1987, Charles Tomlinson, “Winter Journey”, in The Return‎[2], Oxford University Press, page 35:
        The sun as it comes indoors out of space
        Has left a rainbow irising each glass—
        A refraction, caught then multiplied
        From the crystal tied within our window,

    Derived terms

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    Anagrams

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    Catalan

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    Etymology

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    Learned borrowing from Latin īris, from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    iris m (invariable)

    1. iris (part of the eye)

    Derived terms

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    Further reading

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    Central Bikol

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    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /ʔiˈɾis/ [ʔiˈɾis]
    • Hyphenation: i‧ris

    Noun

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    irís (Basahan spelling ᜁᜍᜒᜐ᜔)

    1. (anatomy) side of the body
      Synonyms: tagiliran, hirog

    Dutch

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    Etymology

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    Borrowed from Latin īris or Middle French iris (itself from Latin), from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    iris f (plural irissen, diminutive irisje n)

    1. (anatomy) iris (coloured part of the eye)
      Synonym: regenboogvlies
    2. synonym of lis (“plant of genus Iris”)

    Esperanto

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    Pronunciation

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    Verb

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    iris

    1. past of iri

    French

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    Etymology

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    Borrowed from Latin iris, Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    iris m (invariable)

    1. iris

    Derived terms

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    Further reading

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    Ido

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    Pronunciation

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    Verb

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    iris

    1. past of irar

    Indonesian

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    Pronunciation

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    Etymology 1

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    Inherited from Malay iris.

    Noun

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    iris (plural iris-iris)

    1. slice

    Verb

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    iris (active mengiris, passive diiris)

    1. to slice

    Synonyms

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    Derived terms

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    Etymology 2

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    Borrowed from Dutch iris (“iris”), from Middle French iris, from Latin īris, from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris).

    Noun

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    iris (plural iris-iris)

    1. (anatomy, photography, cinematography) iris

    Further reading

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    Irish

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    Pronunciation

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    Etymology 1

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      From Old Irish iris f (“a thong or strap (from which a shield, bag, etc. is suspended)”).[2]

      Noun

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      iris f (genitive singular irise, nominative plural irisí or irseacha or irste)

      1. strap, sling (for carrying)
      Declension
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      Declension of iris (second declension)
      bare forms
      singular plural
      nominative iris irisí
      vocative a iris a irisí
      genitive irise irisí
      dative iris irisí
      forms with the definite article
      singular plural
      nominative an iris na hirisí
      genitive na hirise na n-irisí
      dative leis an iris
      don iris       		leis na hirisí

      Etymology 2

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        From Old Irish iress (“religion, creed, the (true) faith”).[3]

        Noun

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        iris f (genitive singular irise)

        1. (literary) belief, faith, religion
        Declension
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        Declension of iris (second declension, no plural)
        bare forms
        singular
        nominative iris
        vocative a iris
        genitive irise
        dative iris
        forms with the definite article
        singular
        nominative an iris
        genitive na hirise
        dative leis an iris
        don iris
        Alternative forms
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        Etymology 3

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          (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

          Noun

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          iris f (genitive singular irise, nominative plural irisí)

          1. alternative form of oireas
          2. magazine, journal
            Synonym: irisleabhar
          3. gazette
          Declension
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          Declension of iris (second declension)
          bare forms
          singular plural
          nominative iris irisí
          vocative a iris a irisí
          genitive irise irisí
          dative iris irisí
          forms with the definite article
          singular plural
          nominative an iris na hirisí
          genitive na hirise na n-irisí
          dative leis an iris
          don iris           		leis na hirisí
          Derived terms
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          Etymology 4

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          See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

          Noun

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          iris m

          1. inflection of ireas (“iris”):
            1. genitive/vocative singular
            2. nominative/dative plural

          Mutation

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          Mutated forms of iris
          radical eclipsis with h-prothesis with t-prothesis
          iris n-iris hiris not applicable

          Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
          All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

          References

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          1. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906), A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 109, page 43
          2. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “iris”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
          3. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “ires(s)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

          Further reading

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          • Dinneen, Patrick S. (1927), “iris”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla [Irish and English Dictionary], 2nd edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 616; reprinted with additions 1996, →ISBN
          • Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “iris”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla [Irish–English Dictionary], Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
          • de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959), “iris”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
          • “iris”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013–2026

          Italian

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          Etymology

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          Borrowed from Latin iris, Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris).

          Pronunciation

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          • IPA(key): /ˈi.ris/
          • Rhymes: -iris
          • Hyphenation: ì‧ris

          Noun

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          iris m or f (invariable)

          1. iris (flower)
            Synonyms: giaggiolo, iride

          Anagrams

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          Latin

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          Etymology 1

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          Etymology tree
          Ancient Greek ϝῖρῐς (wîrĭs)
          Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris)bor.
          Latin īris

            Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris).

            Pronunciation

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            Noun

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            īris f (genitive īris or īridis); third declension

            1. rainbow
              • Late 4th century, Jerome [et al.], transl., edited by Roger Gryson, Biblia Sacra: Iuxta Vulgatam Versionem (Vulgate), 5th edition, Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, published 2007, →ISBN, Apocalypsis [Revelation] 10:1:
                et vīdī alium angelum fortem dēscendentem dē caelō amictum nūbe, et īris in capite eius, et faciēs eius erat ut sōl, et pedēs eius tamquam columna ignis
                (please add an English translation of this quotation)
            Declension
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            Third-declension noun (i-stem or imparisyllabic non-i-stem; two different stems).

            singular plural
            nominative īris īrēs
            īridēs
            genitive īris
            īridis             		īrium
            īridum
            dative īrī
            īridī             		īribus
            īridibus
            accusative īrem
            īrim
            īrin
            īridem             		īrēs
            īrīs
            īridēs
            ablative īre
            īride             		īribus
            īridibus
            vocative īris īrēs
            īridēs

            Etymology 2

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            See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

            Pronunciation

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            Noun

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            īrīs

            1. dative/ablative plural of īra

            Norwegian Bokmål

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            Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:
            Wikipedia no
            Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:
            Wikipedia no

            Etymology

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            Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris, “rainbow”).

            Noun

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            iris m (definite singular irisen, indefinite plural iriser, definite plural irisene)

            1. (botany) an iris (flower)
            2. (anatomy) an iris (part of the eye)
              Synonym: regnbuehinne

            References

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            Norwegian Nynorsk

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            Etymology

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            Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris, “rainbow”).

            Noun

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            iris m (definite singular irisen, indefinite plural irisar, definite plural irisane)

            1. an iris (flower)
            2. (anatomy) an iris (part of the eye)
              Synonym: regnbogehinne

            References

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            Old Irish

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            Pronunciation

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            • IPA(key): /ˈi.ɾʲəsʲ/
              • (Blasse) [ˈi.ɾʲɪsʲ]
              • (Griffith) [ˈi.ɾʲɨsʲ]

            Noun

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            iris

            1. alternative spelling of iriss: accusative/dative singular of iress

            Mutation

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            Mutation of iris
            radical lenition nasalization
            iris
            (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments)            		 iris n-iris

            Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
            All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

            Portuguese

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            Noun

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            iris f (invariable)

            1. pre-reform spelling (used until 1943 in Brazil and 1911 in Portugal) of íris

            Romanian

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            Etymology

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            Borrowed from French iris, Latin iris, from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris).

            Noun

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            iris n (plural irisuri)

            1. (anatomy) iris (of the eye)

            Declension

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            singular plural
            indefinite definite indefinite definite
            nominative-accusative iris irisul irisuri irisurile
            genitive-dative iris irisului irisuri irisurilor
            vocative irisule irisurilor

            Noun

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            iris n (plural iriși)

            1. (botany) iris (flower)
              Synonyms: stânjenel, stânjen

            Declension

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            singular plural
            indefinite definite indefinite definite
            nominative-accusative iris irisul iriși irișile
            genitive-dative iris irisului iriși irișilor
            vocative irisule irișilor

            Scottish Gaelic

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            Etymology

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            (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Compare Irish iris.

            Noun

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            iris f (genitive singular irise, plural irisean)

            1. magazine, periodical
              Synonym: ràitheachan

            Mutation

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            Mutation of iris
            radical eclipsis with h-prothesis with t-prothesis
            iris n-iris h-iris t-iris

            Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
            All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

            Spanish

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            Etymology

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            Borrowed from Latin iris, Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris).

            Pronunciation

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            • IPA(key): /ˈiɾis/ [ˈi.ɾis]
            • Rhymes: -iɾis
            • Syllabification: i‧ris

            Noun

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            iris m (plural iris or írises)

            1. (anatomy) iris

            Derived terms

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            Further reading

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            Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=iris&oldid=90791766"