communio

Latin

Alternative forms

• commoenio

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ḱe?

Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm

Proto-Italic *kom

Proto-Italic *kom-

Latin con-

Proto-Indo-European *mey-

Proto-Indo-European *móyni

Proto-Italic *moini

Latin moene

Proto-Indo-European *-yétider.

Latin -iō

Latin mūniō

Latin commūniō

From con- + mūniō.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [kɔmˈmuː.ni.oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [komˈmuː.ni.o]

Verb

commūniō (present infinitive commūnīre, perfect active commūnīvī, supine commūnītum); fourth conjugation

1. to barricade
2. to strengthen, to fortify
   • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de bello Gallico 1.8:

     Eo opere perfecto praesidia disponit, castella communit, quo facilius, si se invito transire conentur, prohibere possit.

     When that work was finished, he distributes garrisons, and closely fortifies redoubts, in order that he may the more easily intercept them, if they should attempt to cross over against his will.

Conjugation

   Conjugation of commūniō (fourth conjugation)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	commūniō		commūnīs		commūnit		commūnīmus		commūnītis		commūniunt
	imperfect	commūniēbam		commūniēbās		commūniēbat		commūniēbāmus		commūniēbātis		commūniēbant
	future	commūniam		commūniēs		commūniet		commūniēmus		commūniētis		commūnient
	perfect	commūnīvī		commūnīvistī		commūnīvit		commūnīvimus		commūnīvistis		commūnīvērunt, commūnīvēre
	pluperfect	commūnīveram		commūnīverās		commūnīverat		commūnīverāmus		commūnīverātis		commūnīverant
	future perfect	commūnīverō		commūnīveris		commūnīverit		commūnīverimus		commūnīveritis		commūnīverint
passive	present	commūnior		commūnīris, commūnīre		commūnītur		commūnīmur		commūnīminī		commūniuntur
	imperfect	commūniēbar		commūniēbāris, commūniēbāre		commūniēbātur		commūniēbāmur		commūniēbāminī		commūniēbantur
	future	commūniar		commūniēris, commūniēre		commūniētur		commūniēmur		commūniēminī		commūnientur
	perfect	commūnītus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	commūnītus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	commūnītus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	commūniam		commūniās		commūniat		commūniāmus		commūniātis		commūniant
	imperfect	commūnīrem		commūnīrēs		commūnīret		commūnīrēmus		commūnīrētis		commūnīrent
	perfect	commūnīverim		commūnīverīs		commūnīverit		commūnīverīmus		commūnīverītis		commūnīverint
	pluperfect	commūnīvissem		commūnīvissēs		commūnīvisset		commūnīvissēmus		commūnīvissētis		commūnīvissent
passive	present	commūniar		commūniāris, commūniāre		commūniātur		commūniāmur		commūniāminī		commūniantur
	imperfect	commūnīrer		commūnīrēris, commūnīrēre		commūnīrētur		commūnīrēmur		commūnīrēminī		commūnīrentur
	perfect	commūnītus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	commūnītus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		commūnī		—		—		commūnīte		—
	future	—		commūnītō		commūnītō		—		commūnītōte		commūniuntō
passive	present	—		commūnīre		—		—		commūnīminī		—
	future	—		commūnītor		commūnītor		—		—		commūniuntor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		commūnīre			commūnīrī			commūniēns			—
future		commūnītūrum esse			commūnītum īrī			commūnītūrus			commūniendus, commūniundus
perfect		commūnīvisse			commūnītum esse			—			commūnītus
future perfect		—			commūnītum fore			—			—
perfect potential		commūnītūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		commūniendī		commūniendō		commūniendum		commūniendō		commūnītum		commūnītū

Derived terms

• commūnītiō

Etymology 2

Found in Late Latin in ecclesiastical senses; from commūnis.

Noun

commūniō f (genitive commūniōnis); third declension

1. communion (all senses)
2. association, fellowship, community

Declension

Third-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	commūniō	commūniōnēs
genitive	commūniōnis	commūniōnum
dative	commūniōnī	commūniōnibus
accusative	commūniōnem	commūniōnēs
ablative	commūniōne	commūniōnibus
vocative	commūniō	commūniōnēs

Descendants

Descendants

• Catalan: comunió
• Old French: comunion
  • French: communion
  • → English: communion
• Galician: comuñón
• Italian: comunione
• Norman: communion
• Portuguese: comunhão
• Romanian: comuniune
• Sicilian: cumuniuni (older), cumunioni
• Spanish: comunión
• → Proto-Brythonic: *kumʉn
  • Middle Welsh: kymun
    • Welsh: cymun
• → Old Irish: comman
  • Irish: Comaoin
  • Scottish Gaelic: comain

References

• “communio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “communio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "communio", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “communio”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.