Wiktionary

bir

See also: BIR, Bir, bír, and b'i'r
Languages (31)
Translingual
Afar • Albanian • Azerbaijani • Central Bikol • Cimbrian • Crimean Tatar • Gagauz • Iban • Ili Turki • Indonesian • Javanese • Jiiddu • Karaim • Malay • Maltese • Middle English • Middle High German • Mizo • Old High German • Old Irish • Romanian • Salar • Scottish Gaelic • Somali • Sumerian • Tagalog • Turkish • Turkmen • Uzbek • Volapük
Page categories

Translingual

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Etymology

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Abbreviation of English Bisorio.

Symbol

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bir

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Bisorio.

See also

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Afar

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Temporal adverbs
Previous: ambóyra
Next: a bár

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈbir/ [ˈbɪɾ]
  • Hyphenation: bir

Adverb

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bír

  1. last night

Noun

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bír m

  1. last night

Declension

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        Declension of bír      
absolutive bír
predicative bíri
subjective bír
genitive birtí
  Postpositioned forms
l-case bíril
k-case bírik
t-case bírit
h-case bírih

References

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  • E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985), “bir”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
  • Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2004), Parlons Afar: Langue et Culture, L'Hammartan, →ISBN, page 37
  • Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015), L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎[2], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

Albanian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-Albanian *bira, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (compare Old English byre, Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂 (baur, “son”)).[1] Phonetically and semantically close to Messapic *bilia (“daughter”) and *biles (“son”), Matzinger reconstructs two different stems: pre-Albanian *bʰi-ro- and pre-Messapic *bʰi-lo-, both from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to grow, become”); compare Ancient Greek φῦλον (phûlon, “race, tribe”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bir m (plural bij, definite biri, definite plural bijtë)

  1. son

Declension

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Declension of bir
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative bir biri bij bijtë
accusative birin
dative biri birit bijve bijve
ablative bijsh

References

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  1. ^ Orel, Vladimir (1998), “bir”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden; Boston; Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 26

Azerbaijani

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Other scripts
Cyrillic бир
Arabic بیر
Azerbaijani numbers (edit)
10
 ←  0 1 2  →  10  → 
    Cardinal: bir
    Ordinal: birinci

Etymology

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From Old Anatolian Turkish بر (bir), ultimately from Proto-Turkic *bīr.[1]

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [bir]
  • Audio (Baku):(file)

Numeral

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bir

  1. one

Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*bir (*bīr)”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

Central Bikol

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English beer.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bir

  1. beer
    Synonym: serbesa

Cimbrian

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Etymology

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From Middle High German bier, from Old High German bior, from Proto-West Germanic *beuʀ, from Proto-Germanic *beuzą (“beer”). Cognate with German Bier, English beer. Doublet of bira.

Noun

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bir n

  1. (Luserna) beer

References

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Crimean Tatar

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Crimean Tatar numbers (edit)
10
 ←  0 1 2  →  10  → 
    Cardinal: bir
    Ordinal: birinci
    Distributive: birer

Etymology

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From Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”).

Numeral

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bir

  1. one

References

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  • Mirjejev, V. A.; Usejinov, S. M. (2002), Ukrajinsʹko-krymsʹkotatarsʹkyj slovnyk [Ukrainian – Crimean Tatar Dictionary]‎[4], Simferopol: Dolya, →ISBN

Gagauz

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Gagauz cardinal numbers
1 2  > 
    Cardinal : bir
    Ordinal : birinci

Etymology

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Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish بر (bir), from Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”).

Article

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bir

  1. the indefinite article, a, an

Numeral

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bir

  1. one

Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • Kopuşçu M. İ., Todorova S. A., Kiräkova T.İ., editors (2019), “bir”, in Gagauzça-rusça sözlük: klaslar 5-12, Komrat: Gagauziya M.V. Maruneviç adına Bilim-Aaraştırma merkezi, →ISBN, page 34

Iban

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English beer.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bir

  1. beer

Ili Turki

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Ili Turki cardinal numbers
1 2  > 
    Cardinal : bir

Etymology

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From Proto-Turkic *bīr.

Numeral

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bir

  1. one

Indonesian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Dutch bier.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bir (plural bir-bir)

  1. beer

Compounds

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Further reading

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Javanese

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Romanization

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bir

  1. romanization of ꦧꦶꦂ

Jiiddu

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Etymology

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From Proto-Afroasiatic *bir- (“to burn brightly”)

Noun

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bir

  1. lighting

References

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  • Ehret, Christopher (1995), Reconstructing Proto-Afroasiatic, →ISBN, page 86

Karaim

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Karaim cardinal numbers
1 2  > 
    Cardinal : bir
    Ordinal : birińči

Numeral

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bir

  1. one

References

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Malay

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Dutch bier.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bir (Jawi spelling بير, uncountable)

  1. beer
    Synonym: arak

Maltese

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Etymology

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Etymology tree
Proto-Semitic *biʔr-
Arabic بِئْر (biʔr)
Maltese bir

    Inherited from Arabic بِئْر (biʔr).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    bir m (plural bjar or birien, diminutive bwejra)

    1. well
      • 1970, Anton Buttigieg, “Il-Pjazza”, in Fl-Arena:
        Kulħadd jimxi, kollox lajma,
        jirkeb biss xi sinjur kbir:
        bini l-għatx u tawni nixrob
        minn ġos-satal fuq il-bir.
        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

    Middle English

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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    From Old English byre (“strong wind, storm”).

    Noun

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    bir (plural birs)

    1. A strong or favorable wind.
    2. An armed assault or sally; a clash or encounter; a blow or stroke; an attack or affliction.
      • c. 1540, Destruction of Troy:
        A ᵹonge knight..suet to þe Duke With a bir on þe brest, þat backeward he ᵹode.
        (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    3. Violence; strength; fury.
      • c. 1400, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight:
        With alle þe bur in his body he ber hit on lofte.
        (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    4. An onrush, swiftness.
    5. A charge on an account.
      • 1415, Account Rolls of the Abbey of Durham:
        Item in l bir de debito versus Rad'm Forster, 13 d.
        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

    Descendants

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    • English: birr

    References

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    Middle High German

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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    Inherited from Old High German bira, from Vulgar Latin pira, plural of Latin pirum.

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): (before 13th CE) /ˈbir/

    Noun

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    bir f

    1. pear

    Declension

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    Declension of bir (weak feminine)
    singular plural
    indef. def. noun def. noun
    nominative ein diu bir die birn
    genitive einer dër birn dër birn
    dative einer dër birn dën birn
    accusative eine die birn die birn

    Descendants

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    Mizo

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    Verb

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    bir

    1. to swoop

    Adjective

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    bir

    1. vertical, steep

    Derived terms

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    Old High German

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    Verb

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    bir

    1. second-person singular imperative of bëran

    Old Irish

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    Etymology 1

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    From Proto-Celtic *beru.

    Alternative forms

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    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    bir n (genitive bero or bera, nominative plural beura)[1]

    1. stake, spit, point; spear, spike
      • c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 67b11
        beura glosses sudes (“stake”)
    Declension
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    Neuter u-stem
    singular dual plural
    nominative birN, biur birL, biur beuraL, bira
    vocative birN, biur birL, biur beura
    accusative birN, biur birL, biur beura
    genitive beroH, beraH beroN, beraN beraeN
    dative biurL, biur beraib beraib
    Initial mutations of a following adjective:
    • H = triggers aspiration
    • L = triggers lenition
    • N = triggers nasalization
    Derived terms
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    Descendants
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    Etymology 2

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    From Proto-Celtic *beru, *beruro- (“spring, well”), said by Matasović to likely be related to *brutus (“fermentation, boiling heat”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁-.[2]

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    bir (gender unknown, genitive unattested, nominative plural beru)[3]

    1. water, spring, well
      • c. 900, Sanas Cormaic, from the Yellow Book of Lecan, Corm. Y 158
        bir .i. uisce ... biror ⁊ inbir ⁊ tobur
        spring i.e. water ... watercress and rivermouth and well

    Etymology 3

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    See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

    Pronunciation

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    Verb

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    ·bir

    1. second-person singular present indicative conjunct of beirid

    Mutation

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    Mutation of bir
    radical lenition nasalization
    bir bir
    pronounced with /βʲ-/    		 mbir

    Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
    All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

    References

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    1. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 bir (‘stake, spit’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
    2. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009), “beruro- ‘watercress’”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 63
    3. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 bir (‘water, spring’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

    Romanian

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    Etymology

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    Borrowed from Hungarian bér.

    Noun

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    bir n (plural biruri)

    1. tribute
    2. tax

    Declension

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    singular plural
    indefinite definite indefinite definite
    nominative-accusative bir birul bire birele
    genitive-dative bir birului bire birelor
    vocative birule birelor

    Salar

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    Salar cardinal numbers
    1 2  > 
        Cardinal : bir
        Ordinal : birinci

    Etymology

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    From Proto-Turkic *bīr.

    Pronunciation

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    • (Xunhua, Qinghai, Ili, Xinjiang) IPA(key): /pir/, /piɹ/
    • (Xunhua, Qinghai) IPA(key): /pəɹ/
    • (Chahandusi, Ejia, Daowei, Xunhua, Qinghai) IPA(key): /per/, /peɹ/

    Numeral

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    bir

    1. one

    References

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    • 林莲云 [Lin Lianyun] (1985), “bir”, in 撒拉语简志 [A Brief History of Salar]‎[5], Beijing: 民族出版社: 琴書店, →OCLC, page 14
    • Tenishev, Edhem (1976), “bir”, in Stroj salárskovo jazyká [Grammar of Salar], Moscow: Nauka, pages 302, 444
    • 马伟 [Ma Wei], 朝克 [Chaoke] (2014), “bir”, in 撒拉语366条会话读本 [Salar 366 Conversation Reader]‎[6], 1st edition, 社会科学文献出版社 [Social Science Literature Press], →ISBN, page 115
    • 马伟 [Ma Wei] (2016), “bir”, in 濒危语言——撒拉语研究 [Endangered Languages ​​- Salar Language Studies], 青海 [Qīnghǎi, Qinghai]: 青海师范大学 [Qinghai Normal University], unpublished finalized project manuscript (国家社会科学基金项目结项稿, 定稿; National Social Science Fund of China), page 296

    Scottish Gaelic

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    Pronunciation

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    Interjection

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    bir

    1. onomatopoeic alarm noise of a gannet when attacked at night

    References

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    • Edward Dwelly (1911), “bir”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN

    Somali

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    Etymology

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    Inherited from Proto-Afroasiatic *bir-. Cognate with Jiiddu ber, Afar birta.

    Noun

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    bír f (plural biro m)

    1. metal

    Inflection

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    Declension of bir
    singular
    absolutive bír
    nominative biri
    genitive biréed
    vocative bíryahay

    References

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    • “bir”, in Qaamuuska Af-Soomaaliga, 2012

    Sumerian

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    Romanization

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    bir

    1. romanization of 𒄵 (bir)

    Tagalog

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    Etymology

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    Borrowed from English beer.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    bir (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜇ᜔) (colloquial)

    1. beer
      Synonym: (dated or formal) serbesa

    Derived terms

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    Turkish

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    Turkish numbers (edit)
    10
     ←  0 1 2  →  10  → 
        Cardinal: bir
        Ordinal: birinci
        Distributive: birer

    Etymology

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    Inherited from Ottoman Turkish بر (bir, “one”), from Old Anatolian Turkish بر (bir, “one”), from Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰋𐰃𐰼 (b²ir² /⁠bir⁠/).

    Pronunciation

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    • Standard:
      • IPA(key): (all meanings) /bir/, [biɾ̞̊]
    • Colloquial:
      • IPA(key): (determiner and pronoun) /bi/, [bɪ]
      • IPA(key): (adjective) /bɪr/, [bɪr]
    • Audio:(file)

    Numeral

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    bir

    1. one

    Adjective

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    bir

    1. one
      Allah birdir ve tektir.
      God is one and only.
    2. Used to emphasize a particular quality about something
      Öyle bir sınava girdik ki, anamız ağladı.
      That exam was so hard, we went through hell.
      O bir tost yapıyor ki, bitirince parmaklarını yalamayı bırakamayacaksın.
      She makes a really mean grilled cheese, you won’t be able to stop licking your fingers after you’re done with it.

    Adverb

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    bir

    1. only, solely, merely
    2. briefly, for a minute, momentarily, quickly
      Bir gelsene buraya, sana bir şey soracağım.
      Can you come over here for a minute? I need to ask you something.
    3. When (only used for momentary verbs)
      Bir odaya girdim ki, çocukları boğuşur halde buldum.
      When I entered the room I found the kids wrestling.

    Determiner

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    bir

    1. a, an
      Synonyms: (colloquial) bi', bi
    2. every (denotes equal spacing)
      iki günde bir ― every two days

    Pronoun

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    bir

    1. some
      Synonym: biraz

    Noun

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    bir (definite accusative biri, plural birler)

    1. mono
    2. single

    Declension

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    Declension of bir
    singular plural
    nominative bir birler
    definite accusative biri birleri
    dative bire birlere
    locative birde birlerde
    ablative birden birlerden
    genitive birin birlerin
    Possessive forms
    nominative
    singular plural
    1st singular birim birlerim
    2nd singular birin birlerin
    3rd singular biri birleri
    1st plural birimiz birlerimiz
    2nd plural biriniz birleriniz
    3rd plural birleri birleri
    definite accusative
    singular plural
    1st singular birimi birlerimi
    2nd singular birini birlerini
    3rd singular birini birlerini
    1st plural birimizi birlerimizi
    2nd plural birinizi birlerinizi
    3rd plural birlerini birlerini
    dative
    singular plural
    1st singular birime birlerime
    2nd singular birine birlerine
    3rd singular birine birlerine
    1st plural birimize birlerimize
    2nd plural birinize birlerinize
    3rd plural birlerine birlerine
    locative
    singular plural
    1st singular birimde birlerimde
    2nd singular birinde birlerinde
    3rd singular birinde birlerinde
    1st plural birimizde birlerimizde
    2nd plural birinizde birlerinizde
    3rd plural birlerinde birlerinde
    ablative
    singular plural
    1st singular birimden birlerimden
    2nd singular birinden birlerinden
    3rd singular birinden birlerinden
    1st plural birimizden birlerimizden
    2nd plural birinizden birlerinizden
    3rd plural birlerinden birlerinden
    genitive
    singular plural
    1st singular birimin birlerimin
    2nd singular birinin birlerinin
    3rd singular birinin birlerinin
    1st plural birimizin birlerimizin
    2nd plural birinizin birlerinizin
    3rd plural birlerinin birlerinin
    Predicative forms
    singular plural
    1st singular birim birlerim
    2nd singular birsin birlersin
    3rd singular bir
    birdir     		birler
    birlerdir
    1st plural biriz birleriz
    2nd plural birsiniz birlersiniz
    3rd plural birler birlerdir

    Turkmen

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    Turkmen numbers (edit)
    10
     ←  0 1 2  →  10  → 
        Cardinal: bir
        Ordinal: birinji
    Other scripts
    Latin bir‍
    Cyrillic бир‍
    Arabic بیر

    Etymology

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    Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”).[1] Compare Azerbaijani bir, Turkish bir.

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /bɪːɾ/
    • Hyphenation: bir

    Numeral

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    bir[2]

    1. one

    Declension

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    Declension of bir
    singular plural
    nominative bir birler
    accusative biri birleri
    genitive biriň birleriň
    dative bire birlere
    locative birde birlerde
    ablative birden birlerden

    References

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    1. ^ Clauson, Gerard (1972), “bi:r”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 353
    2. ^ bir at Ene dilim

    Uzbek

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    Uzbek numbers (edit)
    10
     ←  0 1 2  →  10  → 
        Cardinal: bir
        Ordinal: birinchi

    Etymology

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    Inherited from Chagatai بر (bir /⁠bir⁠/, “one”), from Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”). Cognate with Uyghur بىر / bir / бир; Turkmen bir, Azerbaijani بیر / бир / bir, Turkish bir; Old Uyghur 𐽼𐽶𐽾 (pyr /⁠bir⁠/), Old Turkic 𐰋𐰃𐰼 (b²ir² /⁠bir⁠/); Yakut биир (biir), Dolgan биир (biir); etc.

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /bir/, [bɪ̈r]
    • (Karakalpakstan) IPA(key): [bɘr]
    • Hyphenation: bir

    Numeral

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    Other scripts
    Arabic Afghan Uzbek بیر
    Yangi Imlo بىر
    Cyrillic бир‍
    Latin bir‍

    bir

    1. one

    Volapük

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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    Reformed in the 1920s from bil, to make it more like its etymons.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    bir (genitive bira, plural birs)

    1. beer

    Declension

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    Declension of bir
    Singular Plural
    Nominative bir birs
    Genitive bira biras
    Dative bire bires
    Accusative biri biris
    Predicative1 biru birus
    Vocative o bir o birs
    1. Introduced in Volapük Nulik.

    Derived terms

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    Further reading

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    • “bir”, in Vödabuk (in English, Esperanto, and Volapük)
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=bir&oldid=90827518"