جعل

Arabic

Etymology 1

Root
ج ع ل (j ʕ l)
3 terms

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒa.ʕa.la/

Verb

جَعَلَ • (jaʕala) I (non-past يَجْعَلُ (yajʕalu), verbal noun جَعْل (jaʕl))

1. (transitive) to make: to create

   أَجْعَلُ عَدَاوَةً بَيْنَكِ وَبَيْنَ الْمَرْأَةِ

   ʔajʕalu ʕadāwatan baynaki wabayna l-marʔati

   I will put enmity between thee and the woman.

2. (transitive) to put, to place, to lay
3. (ditransitive) to affect, to bring about, to make, to cause
   • Louisa Alcott, Little Women, Chapter 1, Arabic translation "Dar wa Maktabat al-Hilal, Lebanon":

     الْفَقْرُ وَعَدَمُ وُجُودِ ثِيَابٍ جَدِيدَةٍ يَجْعَلَانِ الْمَرْءَ بَائِسًا جِدًّا.

     al-faqru waʕadamu wujūdi ṯiyābin jadīdatin yajʕalāni al-marʔa bāʔisan jiddan.

     Poverty and the lack of new clothes make one very miserable.

4. to fix, to set
5. to begin to (followed by a non-past verb)

   جَعَلْتُ أَبْكِي. ― jaʕaltu ʔabkī. ― I began to cry

Conjugation

Conjugation of جَعَلَ (I, sound, a ~ a, full passive, verbal noun جَعْل)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						جَعْل jaʕl
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						جَاعِل jāʕil
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَجْعُول majʕūl
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	جَعَلْتُ jaʕaltu	جَعَلْتَ jaʕalta	جَعَلَ jaʕala		جَعَلْتُمَا jaʕaltumā	جَعَلَا jaʕalā		جَعَلْنَا jaʕalnā	جَعَلْتُمْ jaʕaltum	جَعَلُوا jaʕalū
	f		جَعَلْتِ jaʕalti	جَعَلَتْ jaʕalat			جَعَلَتَا jaʕalatā			جَعَلْتُنَّ jaʕaltunna	جَعَلْنَ jaʕalna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَجْعَلُ ʔajʕalu	تَجْعَلُ tajʕalu	يَجْعَلُ yajʕalu		تَجْعَلَانِ tajʕalāni	يَجْعَلَانِ yajʕalāni		نَجْعَلُ najʕalu	تَجْعَلُونَ tajʕalūna	يَجْعَلُونَ yajʕalūna
	f		تَجْعَلِينَ tajʕalīna	تَجْعَلُ tajʕalu			تَجْعَلَانِ tajʕalāni			تَجْعَلْنَ tajʕalna	يَجْعَلْنَ yajʕalna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَجْعَلَ ʔajʕala	تَجْعَلَ tajʕala	يَجْعَلَ yajʕala		تَجْعَلَا tajʕalā	يَجْعَلَا yajʕalā		نَجْعَلَ najʕala	تَجْعَلُوا tajʕalū	يَجْعَلُوا yajʕalū
	f		تَجْعَلِي tajʕalī	تَجْعَلَ tajʕala			تَجْعَلَا tajʕalā			تَجْعَلْنَ tajʕalna	يَجْعَلْنَ yajʕalna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَجْعَلْ ʔajʕal	تَجْعَلْ tajʕal	يَجْعَلْ yajʕal		تَجْعَلَا tajʕalā	يَجْعَلَا yajʕalā		نَجْعَلْ najʕal	تَجْعَلُوا tajʕalū	يَجْعَلُوا yajʕalū
	f		تَجْعَلِي tajʕalī	تَجْعَلْ tajʕal			تَجْعَلَا tajʕalā			تَجْعَلْنَ tajʕalna	يَجْعَلْنَ yajʕalna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِجْعَلْ ijʕal			اِجْعَلَا ijʕalā				اِجْعَلُوا ijʕalū
	f		اِجْعَلِي ijʕalī							اِجْعَلْنَ ijʕalna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	جُعِلْتُ juʕiltu	جُعِلْتَ juʕilta	جُعِلَ juʕila		جُعِلْتُمَا juʕiltumā	جُعِلَا juʕilā		جُعِلْنَا juʕilnā	جُعِلْتُمْ juʕiltum	جُعِلُوا juʕilū
	f		جُعِلْتِ juʕilti	جُعِلَتْ juʕilat			جُعِلَتَا juʕilatā			جُعِلْتُنَّ juʕiltunna	جُعِلْنَ juʕilna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُجْعَلُ ʔujʕalu	تُجْعَلُ tujʕalu	يُجْعَلُ yujʕalu		تُجْعَلَانِ tujʕalāni	يُجْعَلَانِ yujʕalāni		نُجْعَلُ nujʕalu	تُجْعَلُونَ tujʕalūna	يُجْعَلُونَ yujʕalūna
	f		تُجْعَلِينَ tujʕalīna	تُجْعَلُ tujʕalu			تُجْعَلَانِ tujʕalāni			تُجْعَلْنَ tujʕalna	يُجْعَلْنَ yujʕalna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُجْعَلَ ʔujʕala	تُجْعَلَ tujʕala	يُجْعَلَ yujʕala		تُجْعَلَا tujʕalā	يُجْعَلَا yujʕalā		نُجْعَلَ nujʕala	تُجْعَلُوا tujʕalū	يُجْعَلُوا yujʕalū
	f		تُجْعَلِي tujʕalī	تُجْعَلَ tujʕala			تُجْعَلَا tujʕalā			تُجْعَلْنَ tujʕalna	يُجْعَلْنَ yujʕalna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُجْعَلْ ʔujʕal	تُجْعَلْ tujʕal	يُجْعَلْ yujʕal		تُجْعَلَا tujʕalā	يُجْعَلَا yujʕalā		نُجْعَلْ nujʕal	تُجْعَلُوا tujʕalū	يُجْعَلُوا yujʕalū
	f		تُجْعَلِي tujʕalī	تُجْعَلْ tujʕal			تُجْعَلَا tujʕalā			تُجْعَلْنَ tujʕalna	يُجْعَلْنَ yujʕalna

Descendants

• Maltese: ġiegħel

See also

(kāda and her sisters) كَادَ وَأَخَوَاتُهَا (kāda wa-ʔaḵawātuhā)

• Verbs of imminence: أَوْشَكَ (ʔawšaka) · كَادَ (kāda) · كَرَبَ (karaba) ^[edit]
• Inchoative verbs: أَخَذَ (ʔaḵaḏa) · أَقْبَلَ (ʔaqbala) · أَنْشَأَ (ʔanšaʔa) · بَدَأَ (badaʔa) · جَعَلَ (jaʕala) · شَرَعَ (šaraʕa) · طَفِقَ (ṭafiqa) · قَامَ (qāma) ^[edit]
• Verbs of hope: اِخْلَوْلَقَ (iḵlawlaqa) · حَرَى (ḥarā) · عَسَى (ʕasā) ^[edit]

(ẓanna and her sisters) ظَنَّ وَأَخَوَاتُهَا (ẓanna waʔaḵawātuhā)

• Verbs of affectivity: أَلْفَى (ʔalfā) · حَسِبَ (ḥasiba) · خَالَ (ḵāla) · دَرَى (darā) · رَأَى (raʔā) · زَعَمَ (zaʕama) · ظَنَّ (ẓanna) · عَلِمَ (ʕalima) · وَجَدَ (wajada) ^[edit]
• Verbs of transformation: اِتَّخَذَ (ittaḵaḏa) · تَرَكَ (taraka) · جَعَلَ (jaʕala) · صَيَّرَ (ṣayyara) · عَدَّ (ʕadda) ^[edit]

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒaʕl/

Noun

جَعْل • (jaʕl) m

1. verbal noun of جَعَلَ (jaʕala) (form I)

Declension

Declension of noun جَعْل (jaʕl)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	جَعْل jaʕl	الْجَعْل al-jaʕl	جَعْل jaʕl
nominative	جَعْلٌ jaʕlun	الْجَعْلُ al-jaʕlu	جَعْلُ jaʕlu
accusative	جَعْلًا jaʕlan	الْجَعْلَ al-jaʕla	جَعْلَ jaʕla
genitive	جَعْلٍ jaʕlin	الْجَعْلِ al-jaʕli	جَعْلِ jaʕli

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic جَعْل (jaʕl).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʒaʔl/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäʔl]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäʔl]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒɑːl]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒɔːl̥]

 

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒæʔl̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒæʔl̥]
  • (Tehrani) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒæːl̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäʔl]

• Rhymes: -aʔl

Readings
Classical reading?	ja'l
Dari reading?	ja'l
Iranian reading?	ja'l
Tajik reading?	ja'l

Noun

جعل • (ja'l) (Tajik spelling ҷаъл)

1. forgery, counterfeit
2. (verbal noun) making, creating
3. (verbal noun) forging

Derived terms

adjectives and nouns

• جعلی (ja'lī / ja'li)

verbs

• جعل کردن (ja'l kardan)

Further reading

• Bulkin, Carleton (2012), “جعل”, in Dari-English/English-Dari practical dictionary, 2nd edition, New York: Hippocrene Books, →ISBN, →LCCN
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892), “جعل”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary (overall work in English), London: Routledge & K. Paul
• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934), “جعل”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim